178 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXXIII
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-2902-4722 Resea ch a eas
include oponymy and an h oponymics.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The name o he illage ÝVOLIAI
KILM[…]S and
On he O igin o he Village Name Ý oliai
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
Based on he analysis o he da a o he li ing language and his o ical sou ces, he a icle
discusses in de ail he o igin and de elopmen o he name o he illage in he Kelmės K ažių
senioni. A e e iewing he insc ip ions o he oikonimo om he li ing language and
e alua ing hei eliabili y, i is concluded ha he o m o he name wi h a long owel a he
beginning o he wo d is au hen ic. When e e ing o he oikonimo a oseną in his o ical
sou ces, he ocus is mainly on he analysis o he eco ds o he bap ismal me ic book o
he pa ish o K azy om 1656 o 1672, in which his name is men ioned o he i s ime. In
o de o espec no only he name, bu also he his o y o he se lemen called by i , he
oponymic and an h oponymic con ex o his o ical insc ip ions is p o ided: he memo ies o
he illage and i s inhabi an s a e ho oughly e iewed, he ela ionships be ween he people
w i en a e e ealed. Ha ing ound ha in he illage o Y oli and i s su oundings in he
second hal o he 17 h cen u y he e was a pe sonal name *Y olis (Iwolis, Iwolowa, Iwołay e, Iwalowa, Iwołay is, Iwoliene, Iwalowna), i is concluded ha he su name is no necessa ily o pe sonal o igin.
ESMINIAI WORDS: his o ical oponymy, his o ical an h oponymics, he aids o he
oikonim, he o igin o he oikonim, he his o ical insc ip ions o he names.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
Based on he analysis o he da a om he li ing language and his o ical sou ces, he a icle p esen s a
comp ehensi e discussion on he o igin and de elopmen o he name o he illage o I olei, which is
loca ed in he K ajiai Elde ship, Kelmė dis ic . A e e iewing he eco ds o he oikonym om he
li ing language and e alua ing hei eliabili y, he conclusion is made ha he name o m wi h a long
owel a he beginning o he wo d is au hen ic. When discussing he use o he oikonym in his o ical
sou ces, mos a en ion is paid o he analysis o he eco ds om he Bap ism Regis e Book o
K ajiai Pa ish o 1656-1672 in which his name was men ioned o he i s ime. In o de o e alua e he
A icles o he 179 h A icle
Dėl kaimo a do Ý oliai kilmės
his o y o bo h he name and he se lemen bea ing his name, he oponymic and an h oponymic
con ex o his o ical eco ds is p o ided: he men ions o he illage and i s inhabi an s a e ho oughly
e iewed. he links o he eco ded people a e e ealed. I was ound ha he pe sonal name Y onne
(I onne, I onne, I onne, I onne, I onne, I onne, I onne, I onne, I onne) ac ually exis ed in he illage o
Y onne and i s su oundings in he second hal o he 17 h cen u y. The illage called Y oliai is cu en ly
in he e i o y o he Kelmė K ažių sena e, o me ly belonging o he K ažių illage o he Raseiniai
cen u y, he conclusion is made ha he oikonym is de ini ely o an h oponymic o igin.
dis ic . I was no possible o ind any esea ch on he o igin o his name and he his o y o he
se lemen called by i . The s uc u e and o igin o a p ope place name is no clea a i s glance, i is
no de eloped wi hou mo e de ailed linguis ic and his o ical analysis. The e o e, he pu pose o he
a icle is o es ablish he cha ac e is ics o he his o ical de elopmen o his icon and he mos
possible sou ce o o igin. To achie e his, i is necessa y o ha e a his o ical con ex in mind, i.e. o
analyze he men ion o he se lemen and i s name in his o ical documen s, paying a en ion no only
o he oponymic bu also o he an h oponymic aspec o his o ical insc ip ions. I is also necessa y o
examine he spelling o he wo d in e e yday speech and in s anda d sou ces, while also de e mining i s
ue, au hen ic o m. The i s eco ded use o he name in he language o he inhabi an s o he
illage is he unci cumcised o m o he name I oliai in he pa ish o Pašilė, w i en in 1904 by Juozas
Tumo-Vaižgan as (Vaižgan as 1904: 56). The ce ain y o he beginning o he wo d I he e aises doub s,
because, o example, oikonimai Ylakia, Ylakáičiai Vaižgan o is also w i en Ilakiai, Ilakáičiai (p. 52).
Acco ding o he 1923 census o he popula ion, he 1925 census o he popula ion o Li huania indica ed
I alių km2 (LAV 211) belonging o he K ažių alsčiai o he Raseiniai dis ic . In 1935, a land egis y o
his illage was d awn up, which, o cou se, included he name o he se lemen i sel . A local esiden ,
Jono Balsio, w o e a le e o he eache o Ka klėnai P ima y School, An anas Tamošiūnas. I should
be no ed ha he names o places in he ques ionnai e a e w i en in a e y compe en way, wi h clea
di ec ions. The name o he illage is gi en wi h he long owel o he beginning o he wo d and he
s ong p eposi ion: Ý oliai. A he same ime, he names o he se lemen s in one o he maps o he 1
Li ing Language place names a e e en in doub as o how he name o he illage should be w i en […]
Y oliai o Į oliai.
Acco ding o he da a o 1923, he illage had 3 es a es and 23
inhabi an s. 3 Plg. w i en place names A k añčiai, Glminės, Šúnpakaušis.
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
180 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII o ganized a commission o spokespe sons
and local councillo s, headed by spokespe sons An ano Salio, and la e […] Juozo
Balčikonio. In he iles i compiled, he o m o he name o his illage and he
loca ion o he c oss coincide wi h he da a o he Land Regis y
ques ionnai es, only he e i is ma ked as a lowland cha ac e is ic b. k.
i ap adę p iegaidę co esponding o a loose p iegaidė: oliai (VB III 47). A e
he wa , i is no known o wha easons he name o he illage was changed o T i agale p iegaide […] […] oliai (LATSŽ II)
100).
Looking a he da a and he his o y o he no maliza ion o he li ing en i onmen o he
galima eig i, kad daba inė o ma su ilguoju žodžio p adžios okalizmu Y oliai
oikonimo, i is ue, because i is e idenced mos by he sou ces ela ed o he li ing
language o he in e -e hnic […] he Li huanian land census ques ionnai es and he cases
o he Land and Local Commission. The e is some unce ain y, bu he in e wined da a
allow us o doub he ce ain y o he ci cumplex ha appea ed in he no ma i e sou ce
o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y. A e analyzing his o ical sou ces, i can be
s a ed ha Y oliai is no a e y old se lemen , i is no men ioned in Ge man ch onicles,
old mano in en o ies. The i s insc ip ions a e ound in he second hal o he 17 h
cen u y. A leas so a i can be said ha he illage was i s men ioned in 1661. In he
bap ismal egis e o he pa ish o K azy, om 1656 o 1672, he bap ismal mo he
Elżbie a Li inenka (Elisabe h Li winowa de Villa Iwole) om Y oly, oge he wi h
Kazimie z S anewicz (Casimi S anewicz) om he illage o Paalksni, was bap ized by
he wi e o Bal amie Pe aičius and his daugh e K is ina (Ba holomei Pe ay e
C is ina de Paalks) om he same illage (K z y 83). A e ha , he illage is men ioned
qui e o en in his book o bap ismal eco ds. In 1662 i was eco ded ha a esiden o
Ka kleny, Jonas Li inas (Joannes Li wins de Ko kłany) and a woman named Magdalena
Iwolowa, who li ed in Y oly (de Iwole), bap ized Ch is ophe (Ch is opho us), Lau en ius
Bukancio and Onos Ju ga om Ka kleny (Lau en ius Bu zan is e Anna Ju gay e de
Ko klany), s. In he same yea , 1662 we e egis e ed in Y oles he pa en s Jonas
S anislo i is and his wi e Elzbie a (Joannis S anislo i is and Elisabe ha de Iwole) and hei
son And ei (And eam) he godpa en s Jonas Lau inai is om he illage o Ejučių7 and
Y olai ė Ona om Y oles (Joannes A. Lai is and Anna de Iwole) (K žu ina 94). In 1663 he
inhabi an s o Y oli we e men ioned by Kazimie Y olis and his wi e Magdalena (Casimi i
Iwolis e Magdalena de Iwole), whose sons Mo iejus (Ma hias) we e bap ized by S anislaus
Kan auskis and Ba bo a S anislo ai ė om Ka klėnai (S anislaus Kan owski de Ko kłany
cum 4 Pãalksniai he illage o Kelmės K ažių seniūnijoje. 5 Ka klnai […] own in he Kelmė
dis ic o he K ažių sena e. 6 The book clea ly s a es ha a d. Bu an is, appa en ly, is
a mis ep esen a ion o he sc ibe om Bukan is. 7 Ejùčiai […] illage in he Kelmė dis ic
o he K ažių sena e.
A icles o he T ea y
Dėl kaimo a do Ý oliai kilmės
Ba ba a S anisłoway e) (K zK I 98). She is a membe o he Russian Academy o
Sciences. The name o he illage was i s eco ded in 1664 when he inhabi an s o
Ka kleny, Ju gis Y olai is and Elzbie a Kan auskai ė (Geo gio Iwoylay is de Ko kleny
and Elisabe a Kan auskai ė), bap ized Kazimie z, Kazimie z Jonaičius and Ko yna
Kydika om Y oly (Casimie z Jonai is and Ka a ina Kydikai e de Iwole), sons o
K zesz. In he yea 1668 he I o y Coas was men ioned by he name o Ba ba a
Mikolai ė (Ba ba a Mikolai ė de I o y Coas ), whose sons, S anislaus and Ma ina,
we e bap ized in he Coun y o Bu gundy.
d ewiczowna C osen es) (K žK I 172).
In he me ic book o he pa ish o Vėlesnė K aži, which includes eco ds o bap isms and con essions
om 1680 o 1737, Y oliai is also men ioned many imes. In he 16 h cen u y, he name o he illage was
changed o "Ko yna" (Ca he ine), and he name o he illage was changed o "Ko yna" (Ca he ine), and
he name o he illage was changed o "Ko yna" (Ca he ine) in he 16 h cen u y. In he yea 1720, he
bap ismal on o S anislaus, he son o G igo ijus Šu pickis and Aga a Bu yny ė de Iwolis, who li ed in
Y olys, also men ions he esiden o his illage, Ma ijona Ba gailienė (Ma iana Ba gayłowa de Iwolis)
(K žK JnII 25). The ma iage o Simon Lipliwicz de Iwole, a esiden o Iwole, wi h Ba ba a Milinowicz de
Kupczelice, om he illage o Kupczelice, was eco ded in he yea 1721 in a book (K z.Jn.II 169). In he
yea 1722 he pa en s K is o o as Šo pickis and Ago a Leplinai ė (Ch ys opho i Szo picki11 and Aga ha
Leplinowna de Iwole) and he godpa en s Jonas Jal ano skis12 a Ko yna Ru ko ska (Joannes
Jalwanowski and Ca ha ina Ru kowska) (K z zJII 45), as well as he pa en s Danilas Ki as Ona and
Pa asija Ki ko na and he godpa en s Romanas O e o and Ba gailien (Daniela and Pa asia Ki kowskis
<...> Romanus) we e egis e ed in he pa ish. The ollowing names o he illage and i s inhabi an s a e
eco ded in he book: pa en s Eus ochim Łukasow and Ma iana Bob owska, bap ismal names Pe us
Jakubowski and Anna Igna owiczowna de Iwol 1723 (K zK JnII 50); 8 When es o ing Li huanian, he
su names o women who ha e los hei su names a e no aken in o accoun in he common language,
bu in he language da a. In he Sou he n Lowland Ve nacula , he su ix -ai ė is added o any las name
o he a he (see LKA III 120, map No. 112). The da a om he sou ces examined and e i ied such a
gende , e.g. he su names o he missing women Ju gay e, Iwołay e, Kan awskay e. The e o e,
su names a e econs uc ed by adding his p e ix, a he han he -y ė, -(i)ū ė in common pa lance. 9
Klibaliai […] illage in he Kelmės dis ic o he K ažių sena e. 10 Kupšėliai […] illage in he Kelmės K ažių
sena e dis ic . 11 h o Augus . The "Sze pinski" and he "Sze pinski" w i en in he same yea 1720 in
he Y olyshe a e, appa en ly, g aphic a ian s.
12 The au hen ici y o his pe sonal name is ques ionable because he book is e y ague.
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huaniana (LXXVIII) was w i en by Joannis Bo dasow and
Ca he ine Akionka in he yea 1723 He was a membe o he House o Lo ds om
1724 o 1766. He is ma ied o Cons an in A asimo and Anna Zak zewska de Iwole
(1729). His pa en s we e An ony […]ak […]ewski and Anna […]ak […]ewska o Iwole in
1730 (K zK JnII 118); His a he was Co […]s an i Audachim, An […]a Zache ewska De
Sywoli in 1730 (K žK JnII 119); His pa en s we e Casimi Zak owski and Anna
Szan a skowa De Iwal, who was bap ized Anna Ka bowska De Iwalizki in 1731
(K zK JnII 121). His a he was Ma hias Anaszko de Iwola (1732).
The illage o Y oly is consis en ly men ioned in he la e ecclesias ical documen s o he K azy
pa ish. Fo example, in he bap ismal me ic book o 1736-1748, he pa en s Ju gis Milina ičius and his
wi e K is ina (Geo gio Milinowicz e Ch is in ̃a de Iwole) and he bap ismal mo he Ma ianna
Jakimowna de Iwole (Ma ianna Jakimowna de Iwole) a e eco ded as li ing in his illage in 1744
(K žK III 106). In he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, Y oliai men ioned he Ka klėnai chu ch, which a
ha ime was a b anch o he Pašilė pa ish, in documen s. The en ies in he 1829 Yea book o he
Me ic Sys em a e eco ded as ollows: Josepho Tołuszewicz ma e U sula de Domo
Ku powiczowna de Villa Jwole bo n in 1817 (K klK I 3), An onio Toluzew, Johana Łukszowna de Villa
Jwole bo n in 1816 (K klK I 7) and o he s. In a la e book o he bap ismal me ic o he Ka ls uhe
chu ch, he illage o Y oly is w i en in he handw i ing o he ica : We wsi Iwolach m. 1828
(K klK II 2). The name o he illage is w i en in La in and Sla ic le e s in he middle o he
nine een h cen u y in he ollowing sou ces: Iwole (1844), Jwole (1854) and Hołowiński (1854). Analysis
o his o ical sou ces allows o dis inguish se e al a ian s o he oikonym Ý oliai used in hem.
Mos o en w i en as de Iwole (de Jwole, Иволе). The e a e also o ms o Iwolis, de Iwol, De Sywoli,
de Iwola, De Iwale, De Iwaliszki, and We wsi Iwolach. Fi s o all, i should be no ed ha in no case,
excep in he a ypical o m de Sywoli, is he long owel o he beginning o he wo d omi ed.
Howe e , his canno be a eason o doub he ce ain y o he name o he li ing language Ý oliai,
since he Li huanian language is no w i en in w i en sou ces ins ead o y, which is e y o en
w i en i, plg. In he case o he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica, he Uni ed S a es is he wo ld's
second-la ges economy a e he Uni ed S a es, wi h a GDP pe capi a o abou US$1.7 illion, and
he Uni ed S a es is he wo ld's hi d-la ges economy a e he Uni ed S a es, wi h a GDP pe
capi a o abou US$1.7 illion. 14 Ýlakaičiai […] illage in he Skuodo dis ic o he Ylakių sena e.

A icles o he T ea y
Dėl kaimo a do Ý oliai kilmės
23, 24, 56, 51, 59, 57, 60, 73, 76, 84, 85, 87) (= Ylakia[…]15), Iniszki in 1854 (Hołowiński in 1854),
Ininsky in 1892 (KnGGS 148) (= […]niškės16). This is he i s ime ha he name has
been used. The ac ha long and sho owels [i ̇] and [i] a e no dis inguished in
place names w i en in non-Li huanian his o ical sou ces is also no ed by o he
esea che s o Li huanian su names (see Ga liauskas 1998: 184). The "e" in "Iwole"
and he "a" in "Iwola" p obably e lec he low-language mono ongiza ion o he
lowe case "i" -i, i.e. he ansla ion in o "e." The e a e qui e a numbe o such cases
in he his o ical oikonim o he lowlands, e.g. de B ukale (= B ukliai), de kule (= Kulia),
de Rezgale (= Rėzgãliai), ex S anele (= S anẽliai) and o he s (see Ga liauskas 1998: 175),
see Giwole (= 1777 m. Gy olia (IVK). The once-w i en o m de Iwolis is appa en ly
ci cula , co esponding o he plu al ablia y . This is pa icula ly likely because he
sou ce ex is w i en in La in. The insc ip ion De Iwale is mos likely ela ed o he
Li huanian place names wi h he Sla ic long [o ̇] (in his case unci cumcised) ma king
he aid a, see he his o ical oikonimus o he pa ish o Punios a he end o he 17 h
and beginning o he 18 h cen u y Fu maniszki (= Fù moniškės), Jawoyszany,
Jawoyszane (= Jo aišónys) (Palionis 2008, 193, 194), also see he insc ip ions o he
second hal o he 19 h cen u y Gi ali m., 1892 (= Gy olia) (IVK). In 1723 he begalūnė
o m o Iwol was gi en, possibly a ising om he Polish language's non-na i e genus
o daik a a ds wi h he plu al noun galūne -a a e he analogy o he plu al e bs
o he so e b: dgs. he name. Iwola is a dgs. he o igin. Iwol20 is he name o he
game. The o m We wsi Iwolach, w i en in he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, is a
Sla ic o m co esponding o he Polish language, in which he sou ce, he assal, is
w i en. The only ime he o m De Iwaliszki eco ded in 1731 could es i y o he
o me Y oli a ian *Y oliškės o *Y oliškiai, bu he one- ime men ion makes his
case o be ea ed wi h cau ion […] pe haps i is no he name o he li ing language,
bu only he w i ing acco ding o some o he analogy w i en by he cons uc o ,
a he ha he same insc ip ion is p esen ed and he oikonimo o m wi hou he
p e ix De Iwale. The spelling Y oli is undoub edly de i ed om he wo d Y oli, which
is de i ed om he misunde s anding o mishea ing o he ac ual name o he illage, bu his o m is he only one ha e lec s he long owel.
Analysis o he a ian s eco ded in his o ical sou ces sugges s ha he name o he illage
Ý oliai used in he li ing language is he o iginal one. I s a ious o ms a e de e mined by 16
15 Ylakia – mies elis Skuodo . Ylakių seniūnijoje.
[…]niškės […] illages in Šiaulių . Raudėnų seniūnijoje. 17 The sou ce is w i en in La in, bu he e
a e many Polish elemen s in he place names. 18 Gy olia […] illage in he Mažeikių dis ic o he
Viekšnių sena e. 19 See he his o ical w i ings o Kaułaakis (= Káulakiai), o Rymucis (= Rimùčiai), o
[…]abani[…] (= Sabóniai) and o he s (see Ga liauskas 1998: 164[…]165; 2004: 44). 20 P.L. and P.L. he
ollowing pa ag aph is added: he name. he pole, dgs. he name. he ield, dgs. he o igin. he loo .
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
184 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII gene al de elopmen o his o ical Li huanian
oponymy cha ac e ized by ac ions: espec o linguis ic ea u es, Sla iciza ion,
enclosu e, compe ence o w i e s. I he 18 h-cen u y o m o he I side o
Iwaliski (Y oliškės? Y oliškiai) is ue, i is conside ed o be a seconda y o m ha
appea ed la e han Ý oliai and has no su i ed o he p esen day. The s udy o
his o ical sou ces p o ides an oppo uni y o explain he o igin o he name Ý oliai
in a su icien ly angible way. I s key is in he bap ismal me ic book o 1656-1672 o
he a o emen ioned Chu ch o he C oss. In 1661 i was w i en by he bap ismal
a he s Jonas Milkan as (bo n Milkon as) om he illage o Spi gias21 and Ona
Y olienė om he illage o Pagias22 (Joannes Milkon de Spi gie e Anna Iwalowa
de Pagie) (K žI 73). Two eco ds om 1662 men ion he bap isms o John Li inus
o Ka klėnai and Magdalena Y olienė (Joannes Li wins de Ko kłany Cum Magdalena
Iwolowa de Iwole) (K žK I 89) and John Lau inai is o Ejučice wi h his Y olayi e om
Yu in (Joannes Onaii is de Eiucie cum Anna Iwołay e de Iwole) (K žK I 94). In 1663 his
pa en s, Kazimie z Iwoli and his wi e Magdalena de Iwoli, and hei son Ma hias,
we e men ioned by he inhabi an s o Iwoli. In 1664 and 1665 he a he s o he
bap ism, he inhabi an s o Ka klėnai, we e eco ded espec i ely as Ju gis
Y olai is wi h Elžbie a Kan auskai e (Geo gio Iwołay is de Ko klany cum
Elisabe ha Kan awskay e ibidem) (K žK I 111) and Jonas Li inas wi h Ona Y oliene
(Joannes Li win de Ko klanis cum Anna Iwalowa ibidem) (K žK I 127). Ano he eco d
om 1665 eco ds he pa en s, Adomas Bu ilas and Ona Y olai ė (Adami Bu wil e
Anna Iwołay e de Gonip owa) and he godpa en s Ju gis Y olai is om Ka klėnai
wi h Ko yna Račai ė (Geo gio I ołay is de Ko kłany Ca ha ina Cumzay e de
Racip owa) om Ganyp owa (K z 130). The same esiden o Ganyp o a, Ona
Y olai ė Bu ilienė (Anna Iwołay e Bu wiłowa de Gonip owa), al eady as he
mo he o he bap ism, is men ioned in 1666 and 1668 (K žI 146, 169). In he yea 1669
And iaus Y olio and his wi e, whose middle name is Mikulai ė24 (And ea Iwolis e […]
Mikułay e de Ko klany), and daugh e Elżbie a (Elisabe h) we e bap ized by
Ko yna Jonušai ė Y olenė (Ca ha ina JoAudenių 25), a esiden o he same illage,
Melchio Simonai and Elżbie a Y y ė (Melchio is Symabe is e Elisabe hhałay e de
nuʃay e Iwoliene de Ko klany) (K žI 185). Tais pačiais me ais bu o k ikš ijamas
Audenie) siblings (Samuel), whose bi h name is indica ed by Jonas Y y ė om
Ka klė (Joannes de Samuelmė 21). 22 Pagia […] illage in he Kelmė dis ic o he
K ažių sena e. 23 Ganýp o a […] illage in he Kelmė dis ic o he K ažių sena e. 24
The woman's name is no included in he sou ce. 25 Audenia […] illage in he Kelmės
dis ic o he Už enčio sena e.
A icles o he a icle 185
Dėl kaimo a do Ý oliai kilmės
Ko klany) (K žI 189) which is loca ed in he dis ic o Ko klany. In he 1670s, he
esiden s o Ganyp o ka we e again men ioned: Adomas Bu ilas and Ona Y olai ė
Bu ilienė (Adami Bu ilas and Anna I olay e Bu ilo a de Gonip o a), whose daugh e
Magdalena's god a he was Jonas I olis o Ka klėnai (Joannes I olis de Ko klėnis) (K žI
194). The bap ism eco ds o he same yea also include he a o emen ioned bap ismal
mo he , a esiden o Ka klėnai, Ko yna Jonušai ė Y olienė (Ca ha ina Jonušai e
Iwolowa26 de Ko klany) (K žI 198) and he mo he Ge uda Y olai ė and he husband
Duke Vai o as Vaičai is (Ch is opho i Wayczay is e Gie udis I ołay e de Ko klany)
who we e also bap ized by Ch is Ko yna (Ca ha ina) as Y olis (Joannes I olis) (K žI
200). In 1671 wo godmo he s we e eco ded: Elżbie a Y olai ė om Vaigu os27
(Elisabe a Iwalowna de Waygowa) (K žI 220) and Zuzana Y olai ė om Ka klėnai (uzanna
Wołay e de Ko klany) (K žI 210), whose second pe sonal name is p obably no well
unde s ood by he sc ibe abb e ia ed wi h he beginning o y (i). Elzbie a Y olai ė,
who li ed in Odense, is men ioned in 1669 as a mo he -in-law, and in 1672 as he wi e o
Me kel Leishai ė (Me chelis Leishai ė e Elisabe ha Iwolai ė de Odense) and he
mo he o he son Jacob.
(K zI 230) The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
F om hese da a i can be seen ha in 1656-1672 in he pa ish o K azy li ed a la ge numbe o people
whose middle names had he oo Y ol. In he illage o Y oli li ed Magdalena Y olienė (Magdalena
Iwolowa), Ona Y olai ė (Anna Iwołay e), Kazimie Y olis (Casimi i Iwolis) wi h his wi e Magdalena28
(Magdalena) and his son Mo iejumi (Ma hias). I is e y possible ha hese a e membe s o he same
amily - a husband, a wi e, a daugh e , and a son. The ollowing is a lis o cha ac e s who ha e
appea ed in he TV se ies "The Walking Dead: Ba man, Ba man and Robin," as well as cha ac e s who
ha e appea ed in he TV se ies "The Walking Dead: Ba man, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin,
Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin,
Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin,
Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin,
Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, Robin, and
many mo e. (see also he ull a icle o de ails)
(Elisabe ha Iwołay e), Vaigu oje – Elžbie a Y olai ė (Elisabe a Iwalowna).
27 illage o Vagyu a in he Kelmė-Vagyu os sena e. 28 The woman named Magdalena Iwolowa and
Kazimie Y olio's wi e Magdalena a e he same pe son.
See also page 29. Polish. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
186 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII his o ical Li huanian pe sonal names wi h [i]
a he beginning o he wo d analogy o spelling, plg. a d. The ollowing is a lis o
no able people who we e ei he bo n in, li ed in, a e cu en esiden s o , o a e
o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y: The ollowing is a lis o no able
people who we e ei he bo n in, a e cu en esiden s o , a e cu en esiden s
o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y. Fo ms wi h a b anch
a osena (Iwalowa, Iwalowna) a e also classi ied as Sla ic phenomena, because
he spelling a ins ead o o is a common way o Sla icising his o ical Li huanian
pe sonal names30, plg. a d. adeyko < Sodeika, Ta a < To o ėlis (Zinke ičius: 99),
ÿlob alis (= *Žilab olis, *Žilab olys) (Ragauskai ė 1977: 61). I should be no ed ha
ins ead o a, o is w i en in he a ian s whose p e ixes a e eplaced by
sla iškomis (lenkiškomis) -o a, -o na, and in pe sonal names wi h Li huanian
p e ixes, o is consis en ly e ained: Iwołay e, Iwołay is, Iwoliene. In addi ion, as
al eady men ioned, he name o he illage Ý oliai, whose au hen ici y is based on
he li ing language, is w i en in his o ical insc ip ions e e ywhe e. Thus, he
his o ical an h oponymic da a o he second hal o he 17 h cen u y con i m
he pe sonal name Y olis (Iwolis) in he illage o Y oli and i s su oundings, om
which, wi hou a doub , also he Kildin oikonim Ý oliai. I would be a plu al o m o a
pe sonal name and a su name o a place o esidence. F om he p e ious e iews
o he his o y o men ioning he Y olis and hei inhabi an s, i can be seen ha
since 1680 he pe sonal name *Y olis is no longe men ioned in he illage o Y olis,
i is no ound in he books o he 18 h cen u y and he 19 h cen u y and in he
lis o pa ishione s o he middle o he 19 h cen u y (1845). The name Y olis has
no su i ed o he p esen day, i is no eco ded in he Li huanian su name
dic iona y (LPŽ).
The o igin o he an h oponym ha became he basis o he o igin o he name o
he illage i sel is no en i ely clea , bu he an h oponymic da a o he mos
impo an his o ical sou ce o he su ey […] The bap ismal me ic book o he
Chu ch o he C oss 1656[…]1672 […] allows o aise one hypo hesis o o igin. G e a
Iwolis, Iwalowa, Iwołay is, Iwoliene, Iwalowna, suponuojančių šaknį Y ol-, y a
has w i en he pe sonal names Iwolowa, Iwołay e many imes in he book, wo
cases acco ding o which i is possible o econs uc he an h oponym *Gy olis.
In 1667 he god a he s Jonas Gy olis and Liucia Vaičai e (Joannes Giwolis cum Lucia
Wayczay e de Poszyle) (K zI 55) and in 1667 he god a he s Albe Gy olis and
K is ina Degu ai ai ė (Albe i Giwolis e C is ina Degu ai io de Paszyle) (K zI 1660
151) we e eco ded as li ing in he same illage. In he same sou ce, he same pe iod
is men ioned in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place, in he same place. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.