80 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas: syn ax o he old and cu en Li huanian
language, seman ics and p agma ics, his o y o Li huanian
cul u e and chu ch ex s.
The DOI
In he case o a loan, he e m o he loan is he same as he e m o he loan.
This Decision shall en e
in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The coun yside
Ou line o he Samogi ian Emo ional Field as
Re lec ed by he K e inga Dialec Dic iona y (2011)
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle con inues he s udy o he mos p onounced e lec ions o land iden i y in
e e yday speech. Based on Juozas Aleksand ičius's K e inga dialec dic iona y (2011) as a
sou ce ha pe ec ly con eys he men ali y o people speaking he K e inga dialec in he
no he n lowlands, his s udy aims o e eal he ela ionship be ween he psychological
phenomena o he lowland e hnici y and he e e yday language models. The s udy o e e yday
discou se pa e ns allows us o see pa e ns o emo ional beha io ypical o low-income
people and o unde s and how he cha ac e is ics o a pa icula linguis ic beha io can
a ec and shape he emo ional beha io o speake s. These a e he wo ds: low, iden i y,
au hen ici y, dialogue, emo ions.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle con inues he s udy on he e lec ions o he Samogi ian iden i y, which a e mos
p ominen in daily communica ion. Re e ing o he K e inga dialec dic iona y (2011) by Juozas
Aleksand ičius, which p o ides an excellen p esen a ion o he exp ession o men ali y o he
speake s o he No he n Samogi ian dialec o K e inga, he p esen s udy seeks o e eal he
connec ions be ween he peculia psychological cha ac e is ics o e hnically de e mined
phenomena o Samogi ians (c . The esea ch on he passages om e e yday discou se enables
A icles by A icles 81
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
us o see he pa e ns o exp ession o he emo ional beha io inhe en in he Samoyed and
ealize how he peculia i ies o a ce ain linguis ic beha io may a ec and shape he emo ional
beha io o speake s.
KEYWORDS: Samogi ians, iden i y, au hen ici y, dialogici y, emo ions.
1. ĮVADAS
The a icle con inues he s udy o he mos p onounced e lec ions o land iden i y
in e e yday speech. Juozo Aleksand a ičius's K e inga language dic iona y (KTZ)
ha eco ds he ealiza ion o he men ali y o he speake s o he no he n
lowland K e inga dialec s in e e yday si ua ions allows o see he connec ions
be ween he e hnici y o he psychic phenomena o he ne wo k (Bliumas 1997: 40, […]
489) and he models o he lowland language. The me hodological p o isions a e
desc ibed in mo e de ail in an ea lie s udy o simila phenomena (see Pajedynė 2018),
bu i is impo an o men ion he e once again he au hen ic dialogue o he
language ma e ial eco ded by KTZ (p. I is p ecisely because o his uniqueness ha
he whole o he KTZ illus a ions, as a concep o pa ag aphs o ex e ealing he
speci ici y o he landscape speech, is able o con ey he KALBANČIOJO3, a pain ing
ep esen ing he expe iences and hanks o many pe sonalized indi iduals. In he
case o people o he same o di e en e hnici y, he pa e ns o beha iou ha
a e p o oked by e e yday si ua ions e eal ce ain emo ional beha iou al
cha ac e is ics ha a e cha ac e is ic o people o e hnic o igin only because
hey hink and speak in a ce ain way. The selec ion o KTZ ma e ial was de e mined
by seman ic, and some imes s uc u al, dis inc i e and (o ) mo e equen ly
epea ed pa e ns o ph ases o a ce ain s uc u al ype, which we e g ouped
using he a o emen ioned e hno-psychological s udy (Bliumas 1997) ha highligh ed he ea u es o psychic ac i i y ela ed o geome y.
The i s pa o he a icle p esen s he peculia i ies o psychological phenomena ha ha e eme ged
in he e hno-psychological esea ch, and he second pa ocuses on ce ain models o emo ional
beha io ha e eal he my hs ela ed o e hnici y. 1 Juozas Aleksand a ičius collec ed he ma e ial
o his dic iona y and compiled he ile om he middle o he 20 h cen u y o he middle o he 5 h
decade o he 20 h cen u y un il 2004 (see Mikulėnienė 2011: XII; Vaišnienė 2011: XX). 2 The ac ual a ea o he
lowland K e ingian dialec is la ge han he e i o y whose ep esen a i e language is based on he
KTZ (see Aleksand a ičius 2011: 5; Lubienė, Pakalniškienė 2015: 76). 3 The concep s o speake and speake
a e used as synonyms in he a icle. The masculine gende is chosen as a gene ic one, able o ep esen
bo h sexes o speake s, when he e is no ob ious gende o he add essee in he sec ion.
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
82 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In he a icle, sec ions o illus a ions o he Zemai ic speech a e p esen ed in
an a emp o epea as accu a ely as possible he phone ic ansc ip ion used
by he KTZ4 (see mo e abou i in Aleksand a ičius 2011: 1718; Vaišnienė 2011: XXIIIXXIX).
2. The psychological connec ion wi h he ea h
REIŠKINIŲ SAVITUMAI
P ieš po ą dešim mečių a lik o aukš aičių i žemaičių e nine p iklausomybe
The indings o he s udy o he peculia i ies o beha io al psychological phenomena (see Blimus 1997)
bu o už iksuo os kaip išei ies aškas išsamiems, ilgalaikiams e ninės psicholo-
gijos y inėjimams (p. 49). Siekian nus a y i, ku iuos e ninei g upei būdinges-
sugges ha he mani es a ions o men al ac i i y and emo ional beha io can be linked o he
in luence o he mo he ongue, he la e being conside ed no only as a way o e ealing beha io al
emo ional models, bu also as a de e minan o he occu ence o psychological phenomena in a
selec ed e hnic g oup and an incen i e o eme ge om his ime wi h e hnici y-based pa e ns. The
e hno-psychological s udy chosen o he epo ing poin was based on he bina y sube hnic […] uppe
and lowe […] classi ica ion5. The e hnici y o he ic ims was linked o h ee ac o s: he pe manen
esidence o he pe son in he e i o y assigned o he sube hnic g oup, he subjec i e assignmen
o onesel o he lowe o uppe classes and he ad ice. The s udy in ol ed 120 people: 60 o he su ey
pa icipan s om he u al g oup we e bo n in he own o Sedo (Mažeikių .), acco ding o he ad ice
o […] šiau ės žemaičiai; Acco ding o he ad ice o he Eas e n High School, he 60 in es iga o s o he
high school g oup we e esiden s o he own o Balniki (Molė ų .). The composi ion o he wo g oups
acco ding o gende , age and educa ion was e y simila . The o e all a e age age o he subjec s in
bo h g oups was app oxima ely 71 yea s (see Bliums 1997: 28-29). Du ing his e hno-psychological s udy,
he high and low-income s uden s we e in e iewed. 4 I should be no ed ha he e i ica ion wo ds in
he illus a ions a e w i en in small le e s and ma ked wi h a s a (see KTZ ansc ip ion ules,
Vaišnienė 2011: XXIII).
5
In he selec ion o he a ea occupied by he D ina io (land ele a ions) in he Li huanian language, see
a gumen s. The yea 1997: 28. Recen esea ch (see Aliukay e al. 2017) indica es ha in subjec i ely
concep ualizing e ms, such a bina y classi ica ion o e ms is one o he dominan ones (e.g.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A icles by A icles 83
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
using he He mann Ro schach inkje me hod6 (and he John Exne sys em o i s
in e p e a ion7) and he Max Lüsche colou es 8. A e sys ema izing and summa izing he
da a o he s udy (p. 37 […] 40), he di e en in ensi y o he psychological beha io al ai s o
he subjec s was highligh ed. This allowed he di e en cogni i e p ocesses, emo ional
expe iences and pe sonali y ai s o he wo g oups o be linked o hei e hnici y, as well as
o he na u e o hei ela ionships wi h objec s and social en i onmen s (see Bliums 40, 48-49).
F om emo ional expe iences, i 's a bi o a s e ch. Some o he di e ences in he
ski umų paminė ina, kad žemaičių im ies i iamųjų ne imo išgy enimai labiau
siejosi su šios g upės i iamiesiems labiau nei aukš aičiams būdingu in a e iš-
cha ac e is ics o he pe sonali y unde s udy ha e also been linked o he endencies o
in o e sion-ex a e sion o he pe sonali y: […][A]x aichi is mo e likely o be classi ied as
ex o e ed, while […] lowe s he endencies o in o e sion o he pe sonali y. [...] The
lowlande s we e heal hie , mo e independen , mo e closed, mo e passi e and mo e sensi i e. The
subjec s o his g oup exp essed hemsel es as mo e op imis ic, hey we e cha ac e ized by a
s onge ego (p. 49). The esul s also showed g ea e empa hy abili ies o he lowe classes (p.
42, 49). The indica ed s udy e ealed a mo e in ensi e and success ul in ellec ual ac i i y o he
esea che s o he lowe g oups, who mo e success ully used he abili ies o abs ac ion and
in eg a ion o expe ience. The hinking o he landlo ds o he old age was mo e heo e ical. The
p ocess o imaging was also used mo e ac i ely by he in es iga ed landowne s (p. 48-49). The
coexis ence wi h he ma e ial and social en i onmen was cha ac e is ic o he peasan s, who
ended o plan hei beha iou in ad ance. These subjec s' ela ionships wi h he social
en i onmen we e in equen and a ied, and hei communica ion skills we e ex emely poo (p.
49); The s udy ound ha people wi h low sel -es eem we e mo e in e es ed in o he people, and
social con ac s seemed mo e impo an o hem, bu he subjec s in he low sel -es eem g oup
we e dis inguished by a ma ked c i icism o he social en i onmen , cha ac e is ic o
in o e s. The Ro schach Inkblo Me hod was i s desc ibed in he book Psychodiagnos ics
(Ro schach, 1951), bu gained pa icula popula i y in he mid-20 h cen u y. See also The
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o
supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
739–740.
7 Fo an o e iew o The Comp ehensi e Sys em, see The Comp ehensi e Sys em, published by Jeho ah's
Wi nesses. Blium 1997: 31 o 32. The Lushe Colo Tes was de eloped in 1947 and gained popula i y in he
1970s. Abou unc ional psychology and he main meanings o colo s, he co espondences o colo s and
he dep h o eeling, see Lüsche 1971: 27 o 30, 33 o 37. The eliabili y o his es can be assessed
subjec i ely by using he e sions o he es p o ided on websi es (e.g. h ps:
www.kahome.eu/cgi-bin/lsch .pl?da a=45123067; h ps:
www.online es pad.com/en/ es -987- he-lusche colo - es , e c.). Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he es Blium 1997: 32 o 35.
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
84 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX he ma e ial p o ided by he conso ium.
Empi ical da a in eg a ion in o mul i-laye s (see also Coulson 2001: 33). In he
žinojimo lygmenų ep ezen a imo isumą padeda juos eisingiau in e p e uo i
e hno-psychological s udy discussed, he cha ac e is ics o emo ional, in ellec ual
and social ac i i y associa ed wi h he landscape a e highligh ed as a ce ain
dominan o he selec ion and analysis o he landscape speech ma e ial p o ided by
he KTZ. I is possible o see he connec ions be ween he psychological expe iences
cha ac e is ic o he low-le el speake s wi h ce ain seman ic (and some imes e en
jimo modeliais. Šiame s aipsnyje bus ap a iama, kaip KTŽ kalbančiojo pasi-
sakymuose a siskleidžia žemaičiams būdingesnių psichikos eiškinių pi mosios
s uc u al) language g oups, in he case o he ealiza ion o emo ional
ep esen a ion o beha iou in he landscape. The idea ha expe ience is passed
om gene a ion o gene a ion on he basis o lea ning, obse a ion and inhe i ance
(e.g. Gage, Be line 1994: 205 ), and he es ablishmen o ph ases ha con ey he
mos i id emo ions, allows such models o emo ional communica ion o be linked o
he communica ion o he ea hly iden i y. The analysis o he exp ession o he
linguis ic models ha mos o en con ey such psychic ac i i ies allows o
de e mine he cause o he peculia ea hly beha io .
3. Emo ional esponses o he si ua ion
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Gi en ha any aspec o linguis ic meaning mus be in e p e ed and iden i ied based on he abili ies
o indi iduals (e.g., Weigand 2010: 58), some o he beha io al ai s cha ac e is ic o he lowe
classes ha ha e been highligh ed in he ea lie discussion o e hnically de e mined psychological
phenomena can be used as dominan s o a en ion in he s udy o he ocabula y o Juozas
Alexand o i ch. This sec ion o he au hen ic speech o he no he n lowland K e ingians, which
ep esen s many and a ied aspec s o he concep , is a e y use ul sou ce o linking he
beha io al ai s o he no he n lowland K e ingians (who we e also no he n lowland K e ingians)
wi h he e e yday speech o he s udy g oup and de e mining how he language can no only
e lec , bu also a ec and shape he hinking, emo ional expe iences and pe sonali y ai s o he
speake . 9 How he in ellec ual ac i i ies and alues o he lowe classes a e e ealed in he
speeches o he KTZ speake , due o he abundance o ma e ial p o ided by his dic iona y, will be
discussed in o he publica ions.

S aipsniai / A icles 85
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
The pa s o speech ha mos clea ly ep esen he emo ional ield and beha io o
he speake (i.e. he mos equen and (o ) peculia s uc u e) will be discussed
acco ding o he dimensions o he pe sonali y ai s o he subjec s o he
subjec s o he subjec s o he subjec s o he subjec s o he subjec s o he
subjec s o he subjec s.
3.1. S ong ego and sel -con idence
The speake o he ECR demons a es he s eng h o his ego by no allowing
he mos impo an […] name, pe sonal space and secu i y (and p ope
e alua ion) […] pa ame e s o pe sonal iden i y and sel -es eem o be iola ed. A
pe son wi h a s ong ego who speaks in ongues does no allow ano he pe son
o misp onounce himsel . Such a p o ision may be de ended ei he di ec ly […] by
a s a emen o by p o oca i e physical ac ion o p elimina ily […] by a ques ion
o a ema k in o ming ano he pe son o he possibili ies o o e coming he
unaccep able way o naming. A pe son who iola es he p o isions may be
subjec ed o h ea s, mo alizing ques ions, in imida ion o physical abuse (no e
he ou h sen ence, which shows ha he chosen ac ic o p o ec ing he
a ibu es o he pe son's iden i y pa ame e s was success ul, since he
subjec in ques ion was p o ec ed only up o he ime limi o pe o ming he
ac ion speci ied in he sen ence), e.g. 73) :
77) na úuok12 mnẹs // 353 This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
78) 13 h cen u y oubadou wi h a hickness o 310 ee and a con ession o he speake
e ealing such a iew o he ea ly beginning o he day, bu he ac o he jou ney o
mėgius i elgsenos būdus, ku ie adicinėje kalbančiojo bend uomenėje nė-
a ko i uojami eigiamai, plg.: de amo s anda o nea i inkan į kalbančiojo po-
he ac o he jou ney 10 See also he sel -po ai o he speake p esen ed by KTZ.
The day o eckoning 2018: 7378. 11 o p onounce […] o p onounce, o p onounce
di e en ly […] KTZ 227 12 o p onounce, o p onounce, o p onounce […] KTZ 353
13 pliuza o i, ~oja, ~ojė (hib .) – ‘niekin i, peik i, kone eik i’ KTŽ 310
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned easons, i is also necessa y o ake in o
accoun he ollowing ac o s: (i) he na u e o he o ence; (ii) he na u e o he
o ence; and (iii) he na u e o he o ence; and (i ) he na u e o he o ence; and
( ) he na u e o he o ence; and ( ) he na u e o he o ence; and ( i) he na u e
o he o ence. This is usually done by choosing an excep ionally posi i e
sel -assessmen […]man i 's easy o do[…] con eying and cla i ying cons uc s ha
a e ealized in a meaning ampli ude o con as ing possibili ies om kàs mộn
(mûms) o ás […] e […] man i means […] o ás mộn n[…]eka n[…]e […] ha means
no hing o me. Con idence is encou aged and s eng hened by he pe cep ion o
exis ing skills and expe ience (see sen ence 11), which is o en e e ed o as he
choice o ime cons uc ions (see sen ence 12), and by emphasizing he p esence o
p e ious expe ience and he possibili ies o adap ing i o u u e ac i i ies (see
sen ence 12). :
83) he spide 's ail is used o show he spide 's ail17 who is he spide 's ail
341 84) he spide 's ail is used o show he spide 's ail18 p in ed in he spide 's ail o he spide 's ail
// 168
85) The speake 's ego is e ealed and judged by he beha io o ac i i ies o
o he s; This e alua ion can be p esen ed in wo ways: ei he by showing a
na cissis ic supe io i y o by ying o emphasize he g ea e abili ies o
o he s, e.g. 87) he humb o he humb o he humb o he humb o he humb
o he humb o he humb o he humb o he humb o he humb o he
humb o he humb o he humb o he humb. 241 The s eng h o he
speaking ego is also shown by he accen ua ion o one's knowledge, and no 14
digni a y, […]ja, […]ja, […] aikš inė i, slanikinė i, landinė i[…] KTŽ 76 15 jump, jump,
jump […] […]sibas y i[…] KTŽ 71 16 jump, […]ja, […]iojė […] […] jump (seeking
p i a imas pašneko o nuomonei. Tam pap as ai pasi elkiami žymė o modalumo
some hing) […] KTŽ 230 17 […]j i, […]a, […] jump, jump, jumped […] KTŽ 18 34 […] 1 […]
KTZ 168 p edica es, o example, impe a i e s a emen s wi h nega ion o alleged
p onuncia ion o exp essions, decla a ion o in en ions, condi ions (no
implemen ed), e.g. 90) napīza ûk21 mnēsakas aspà s skûẹn žâu // 91) nasakk ns
u s 301 p ison p isone s ke s âu 157 92) kamna kojēs nûbû u p ikâl sai deo dûo
19 suk apo i – ‘neg ažiai, su iška omis sukapo i’ KTŽ 183
20 d bsena – ‘di bimas, di bimo būdas’ KTŽ 77
A icles o he 87 h
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
74 // Kalbanjō's ego is only a eminde and a eminde o he changes in emo ions
and sel , whe he o no i is a me apho o a c i icism. :
93) ooks pàjem pkis kapag a a bọ âu dộu ē anâm sọšâukš ō ikk a / This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
// 126
94) I don' like o be called a cowa d. I don' like o be called a
cowa d. I don' like o be called a cowa d. I don' like o be
called a cowa d.
3.2 An op imis ic ou look
The op imis ic a i ude is e ealed by he KTZ speake 's passages o speech,
which emphasize he joy and sa is ac ion o momen a y momen s in he
simple imp essions o he e e yday en i onmen sha ed wi h he in e locu o , see. :
97) he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes he numbe o imes
The ollowing is an exce p om he book, "The Rape o he Red-Nosed
Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed
Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed
Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed
Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed Reindee : The Rape o he Red-Nosed
Reindee ."
kel inio alkanumo į ai iems pojūčiams, a p jų i no ui g ažiai a ody i, akcen-
a imas, plg.:
104) The mayo o he ci y o Nu sul an Naza baye has
been a es ed o embezzling unds om he Minis y o
In e nal A ai s. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean
Pa liamen has o ed in a ou o he Commission's
p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s
om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a
wo k.
24 sál i, ~s a, sãlo – ‘labai no ė i, geis i’ KTŽ 355
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
88 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The use o he KTZ and i s immedia e en i onmen ( he names used and he
choices we make also indica e he in ensi y and impo ance o ce ain ac i i ies
ela ed o he links) and he decla a ion o he in ensi y and impo ance o
ce ain ac i i ies ela ed o he links, e.g. 11 mûms pningã nipkâmsi blkksmã gâm
256; 297 1125) a e also op imis ic. The iew e eals a ious, o example, he
bene i s o he acquisi ion o echnical de ails o he desc ip ions o ac ions
aken in some c i ical si ua ions, e.g. 112) The jujube's cauli lowe candle ligh s up
a lo o he pa k's ligh s. 60 113) The pa k's pa k's bushes. When choosing he
o me , he in e locu o is desc ibed as being able o o e come an obs acle o an
unpleasan si ua ion, and his con idence is s eng hened by di ec ins uc ions
and encou agemen s ha encou age he in e locu o o change. :
(c) The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o Annex I o his
Ag eemen : (a) The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his
Ag eemen : (b) The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Ag eemen : (c) The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Ag eemen : (d) The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Ag eemen :
117) You' e going o ge d unk. You' e going o ge d unk.
118) Mauk28 is no a shipw eck.
119) o he nabûk apãu ẹs29 // 159
By choosing he second "cold showe " ac ic, he speake seeks o show ha
he speake 's inac ion, disappoin men o absence is ob ious, and o ask
whe he he e a e se ious easons o such a a i ude (o pe haps o wa n o
possible u u e consequences). The e o e, an a emp is made o aise he
ques ion di ec ly (see sen ences 48-51) o o deny he se iousness and
uniqueness o he obs acles o si ua ions ha ha e a isen (see sen ences
nius), a ba iesiog o muluojan impe a y us, plg.:
52-54-120). 294 25 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he s a egies o he KTZ speake and
hei meanings, see I 's he day o 2018. 27 accus omed, accus omed,
26 siùs i, siuñ a, siù o – ‘ni š i į ūžus, labai pyk i’ KTŽ 362
accus omed […] accus omed […] KTZ 121 28 may, […]na, mo e […] 2. […] hu y o go,
go […] KTZ 230 29 o open […] o open, no o open, no o open […] KTZ 159 30 o
close […] o close, o close, o close […] KTZ 294
A icles o he 95 h
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
196) he nose o he nose o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h
o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he
mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h o he mou h
The KTZ speake ends o associa e his own es lessness wi h some
ecollec ions o pas e en s, e.g. :
The nega i e expe iences o he pas do no allow he speake o be ce ain
abou his condi ion and possibili ies a he ime o he speech o o belie e in
he success o u u e e en s. :
"I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I
don' know wha you' e alking abou ". "I don' know wha you' e alking abou ".
"I don' know wha you' e alking abou ". "I don' know wha you' e alking
abou ". "I don' know wha you' e alking abou ". "I don' know wha you' e
alking abou ".
3.7. Sensi i i y
The speake 's sensi i i y o a ious dis ac ions is indica ed by his ema ks,
which name he pe son nex o him's sensi i i y and (o ) noise as annoying,
dis ac ing o p e en ing him om sleeping. I 's no jus a ques ion o whe he
o no you' e going o be able o do i , i 's also a ques ion o whe he o no you' e
going o be able o do i , and i 's a ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be
able o do i , and i 's a ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i ,
and i 's a ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i , and i 's a
ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i .

JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
96 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
206) ko‿čè pȓâusi69 p ‿ausũ! // 319
207) Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Wha 's he ma e wi h you? The ollowing is a
summa y o he main indings o he e iew: (1) The Commission conside s ha he
con es ed ax uling does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he meaning o A icle
107 (1) o he T ea y. (2) The Commission conside s ha he con es ed ax uling
does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (1) o he T ea y. "I
don' know i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o
be able o do i . I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o
be able o do i . I'm going o be able o do i . I'm going o do i . I'm going o do i . I'm
going o do i . I'm going o do i . I'm going o do i . I'm going o do i . I'm going o do i . //
196
225) * has al eady been gi en a b ake on he 75 h anni e sa y o he
dea h o he deceased 52 226) […] has been gi en a b ake on he dea h
o he deceased […] has been gi en a b ake on he 227 69 h
anni e sa y o he dea h o he deceased […] has been gi en a b ake
71 kušėjimas – ‘k u ėjimas’ KTŽ 199
72 liù linimas – ‘nelabai ikęs g iežimas’ KTŽ 219
on he 319 70 h anni e sa y o he dea h o he deceased […] […] o
lose […] 2. Suddenly o go en by KTZ 346 74 cousins, cousins, cousins
[…] 1. […] o mo e, o c umble […] KTZ 199 75 b ake, […]a, […] (Heb ew) […] 2. […] o lie […] KTZ 52
A icles o he 97 h
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
3.8. In a e sion o he spine76
o he endency o o he s o close in on hemsel es is seen by he KTZ speake
as a lack o cou age. The ma e ial p o ided by he KTZ discou se sec ions
shows ha he exp ession o cowa dice, cowa dice, occasionally called ea o
shame is de e mined by encoun e s wi h unknown objec s in a o eign space,
unknown people and unknown models o o de . The speake usually ecognizes
his beha iou in he beha iou o child en, e.g. :
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I don'
know wha I'm doing. I don' know wha I'm
doing.
230) ddlê gedngs as aiklis // 102 This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
KTZ speake s e e o owne ship and discou agemen as a quali y ha
p e en s hem om in e ac ing wi h o he human beings, e.g. :
231) o e whelmed by lus
232) I'm going o he ba h oom. I'm going o he ba h oom.
23) The wa e all is loca ed in he illage o E na.
KTZ's o e coming o s ubbo nness and sel -loa hing is seen as a
gua an ee o success. :
234) d sêm žmũogộu s sẽnkas // 79 As i is necessa y o sol e any p oblems and
communica e wi h s ange s, he KTŽ speake ies o o e come his imidi y
wi h inne belie s o by asking o help om ano he pe son, plg.:5) apsẹd snēsũ
énu nep ējâu p an skúo ne olũos. // 79 236) kad êjǎn nu bûs d sǎu // 2377 Majai, 87
KTŽ speake ends o deny he pe son by desc ibing him as unin elligible and (plg.)
asking o any in o ma ion and wo d cons uc ions. :
The s udy is based on He mano Ro schach's concep ion o in a e sion as a p ocess cha ac e ized
by he lexibili y o he indi idual's possibili ies and he endency o close in on onesel acco ding o
239) ns gâl cela dina ẹšọ ksûo ẹ78 kọ ‿nûo s ẹ‿žũodi nap a ã ẹ // 166
he ci cums ances and condi ions o he en i onmen (see Blixis 1997: 42). 77 o ake ca e […] o be
b a e, o ake cou age, o make a decision […] KTZ 79 has a p onounced endency o alk and (o ) a
choice o li e apa , o a oid ou side glances, no o le unwan ed people in o one's space o a leas
o be su e o one's p i acy con ol. In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned es ic ions, he e a e a
78 ou o own […] ou o own […] KTZ 166
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
98 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
3.9. Closu e
KTŽ kalbančiojo azės odo, kad žemaičiams užda umas labiausiai siejasi su
p i ačios e d ės i asmens p i a umo apsauga. Visoje KTŽ eikiamoje medžia-
numbe o o he es ic ions ha apply o he use o he si e, such as he ollowing: (a) he use o
he si e is p ohibi ed; (b) he use o he si e is p ohibi ed; (c) he use o he si e is p ohibi ed; (d) he
use o he si e is p ohibi ed; (e) he use o he si e is p ohibi ed; ( ) he use o he si e is p ohibi ed;
(g) he use o he si e is p ohibi ed; (h) he use o he si e is p ohibi ed.
211
246) gī ènâm úoũo nùšaũo i ûo // neks nkumè ẹnàọžẽ 263 247) ha he
closeness o he speake is also e lec ed in he way he communica es: he is
no inclined o open con e sa ions, especially wi h cu ious people, and o open
con e sa ions wi h o he s is he main eason o his a e and does no wan
o answe his own ques ions, plg. :
248) mộn nà nk // kaddlê ons úojòsệs kamón ẹne 142 249) ss mna gī ènệms àl
neks napadesnk kọup ides ẹbeda uo ệis / also known as
// 74
The e is a saying ha hose who wan o iola e he lockdown p o isions can
be con olled, and hose who ha e a endency no o comply wi h hese
p o isions a e cha ac e ized by nega i e conno a ions and (o ) cha ac e ize he in ensi y o beha io .
čiais epi e ais, plg.:
250) ákũ nalêdọ ẽ ẹ p kẹimùs // 312
251) he mûsa will c oss he c oss o he pa âiskis in o de o do he wo k o he small ones in
he wo k o he small ones in he wo k o he small ones in he wo k o he small ones in he wo k o he small ones in he wo k o he small ones in he wo k o he small ones in he wo k o he small ones o be bu ied […] o wo k somewhe e […] KTZ
178
80 pi ánka i ánka (sl.) […] […]langų užuolaida[…] KTŽ 96, 299 o […]KTŽ 96, 299 o […]KTŽ 96, 299 o […]KTŽ 99 o […]KTŽ 99 o […]KTŽ 99 o […]KTŽ 99 o […]KTZ 99 o […]KTZ […]
81 cows […] cows KTZ 179
82 o emo e, o emo e, o escape KTZ 454
A icles o he 99 h
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
Cons ipa ion can also be caused by poo heal h. The speake 's name is
men ioned as ecognizable om he body language, e.g. 252) pamuosẹk a s ọnk
ẹ el sọs ệi ikamūlâ i 242 253) àks pana na ẹn nabeka skna // 251 254) à eng a
gâl a pana nūss Ka ais is associa ed wi h ce ain passages, e.g. :
255) as ãks lèp ẹlej sa isa // 212 256) nikâm napàsakûok kūgẹ dejẹs // 257 KTŽ is
he a i ude and discou se o g a i ude, which shows ha he closu e o he
close can also be o ced, and he con idence and he desi e o speak ou usually
a ise while communica ing and messing oge he , plg. 257) nb uō pinâ83 del usuo
ẹkn i nmi // 297 258) kašge iamis bas pesi ẹndōpess // 304 25849)
3.10 Liabili ies
KTZ is ull o ph ases in which he speake encou ages o he s o explains his
passi i y, econcilia ion, and humili y. Humili y om he speake may be
equi ed o desi ed by di ec ins uc ions, explana ions, and ad ice. :
"I don' know i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o be able o do i , and
I'm going o be able o do i , and I'm going o be able o do i , and I'm going o be
able o do i , and I'm going o be able o do i . […] dis inguished, de e mined […]
KTZ 495 87 cañ enas, ~a (sl) […] pa en ed […] KTZ 144
85 negalė i pašik i – ‘negalė i pada y i’, plg. KTŽ 495
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
100 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The speake 's a i ude o he dispu e o en e eals he eal easons o he
coun y's passi i y, which may be a eluc ance o se le wi h a mo e impulsi e,
mo e s ubbo n pe son o a submission o he opinion o o he s, e.g.
267) bẹjûok ànũ ẹ ‿ọžkàba ûo ẹ89 // 137
268) údk naúdjẹs / kãp i‿sệina // 463
The ma e ial shows ha passi e and submissi e pe sons a e cons an ly
ecei ing ins uc ions and ins uc ions om he speake , encou aging hem
o beha e, o de end hemsel es o o explain o o he s wha he
consequences o submission can be.
272) I 's been a long ime since I' e been he e.
273) Wha a e you going o do abou i ? 81 274) nabûk bis dộuk ima mũzē kaẹk a ski
žẹnûo ọ // 275) pa ddli s a nulaidma pà ê ẹ àgùs d 262 KTŽ speake s c i ically
e alua e he non-daily, exclusi e absence o he usual bene i s o wo k as a sign
o no being a home: ime spen no wo king and expe iencing he esul s o
ne ousness is seen as passi e, bu as an ac i i y ha has been abso bed. The
mos common explana ion o his is ha he s uc u e o he b ake is o med
by a a he igu a i e sliding ac ion wi h a p eposi ion indica ing he ime and (o )
space o he localiza ion, some imes alongside he p esen a ion and
non-implemen a ion o he sliding pu pose o he desc ip ion o he co ec bu
missed ac i i y, e.g. 276)
88 pė à […] […] bea ing and slapping […] KTŽ 292
89 o be bea en, o be bea en, o be bea en (Heb ew) […] o be bea en […] KTZ 137 90 o be bea en, o be
bea en, o be bea en […] no o be in place; o si , o lie down, o wande , e c. KT 79 and
91 m […]klus, […]i […] ik us[…] KTŽ 237 This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic.
92 o be ac i e, o be ac i e, o be ac i e, o be ac i e KTZ 81 93 o be ac i e, o be ac i e, o be ac i e
pa k […] walk ligh ly o a while […]
KTZ one hund ed and six y- wo
94 c aminė i, ėja, ėjė […] pamažu aikš inė i[…]; Pa amine […] o spend ime in pa amine […] KTZ 183 95 o
pa kiominė i […] o elax o a while […] KTZ 163

S aipsniai / A icles 101
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
The passi e use o one's ime and one's own o ano he 's ac i i ies, no
cha ac e ized by op imism and spa ing, e.g. 280)
3.11.Adequa e ela ionships wi h each o he
Adjec i es, equi alence ela ionships KTJ speake s a e associa ed wi h he
es ic ion o hei ego, s ubbo nness and independence, e.g. 282) sžmuog
g ènộn ẽk énùlâidu 26299 283) àš nisọ ínò žog nanûoọ p klī ēšis 320 The e o e,
i is cus oma y o emphasize he necessi y o goodwill when e alua ing he
possibili ies o ag eeing and ag eeing (ž . 212214 sak), while he e bally
demons a ed igh is desc ibed as nenuo okius and nesukšiš (ž . 215217 sakus),
pl. :
284) jê e e s o he wo ds o he swo d.
285) o suppo he 100 h anni e sa y o he disas e
286) sge sumè gàl husbands a e p epa ed o he es o 104 287) jê nûo i
ọkộukis kãp wi e's sàb nakẹnekis // 137 288) ns nkuoũos nù ûokas na ộ
ọkudamûos s insul he husbands p isone s a e also in he es o / 137
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In he case o a husband and wi e, he na u al desi e o communica e is no
su icien , and he na u al desi e o communica e is only possible h ough he
mu ual ag eemen o pe sonali ies and he exchange o opics and in e es s,
e.g. 290.
96 o un, o un, o un […] o un like you' e looking o some hing, o walk; You' e was ing you ime. You' e was ing you ime.
kian ’ KTŽ 181
97 nužangùmas – ‘spa umas’ KTŽ 263
98 uka à (sl) […] […]no as, ūpas[…] KTŽ 464 This is a lis o ai po s in C oa ia, g ouped by ype and so ed by loca ion.
99 o be ang y, o be ang y, o dis u b o he s KTZ 320
100 i h […] bi e ness, ange […] KTZ 295
101 na ã as, ~à (sl.) […] […] has been spoken, quickly go ang y […] KTŽ 251
102 supùl i, ~a, supúola – ‘su ap i, suside in i’ KTŽ 325
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
102 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The success o good ela ionships is also de e mined by he unde s anding ha
e e yone has o be esponsible o hemsel es and ha media ion in ce ain
si ua ions can be e y use ul, o example. :
292) kaspa sọlgâ104 215 san ẹ uokộukis // KTŽ illus a i e ma e ial indica es ha
good ela ions be ween he lowe classes a e based on he possibili y o sha ing
equally no only he hings ela ed o pleasu es, bu also asks and du ies. In
addi ion o he abo e-men ioned ac o s, i is also necessa y o ake in o
accoun he ac ha in he case o he use o he e m "co ec ion" in he
con ex o he use o he e m "co ec ion" in he con ex o he use o he
e m "co ec ion" in he con ex o he use o he e m "co ec ion" in he
con ex o he use o he e m "co ec ion" in he con ex o he use o he
e m "co ec ion" in he con ex o he use o he e m "co ec ion". :
"I don' know i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o be able o do i , and I'm
going o be able o do i , and I'm going o be able o do i , and I'm going o be able o
do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going
o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm
going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and
I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i ,
and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do
305) ọkujẹn ệis ẽk ‿aks eize ẹ / ọ‿na‿ž ag ệis // 348
i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i , and I'm going o do i ." Wha 's he
ma e wi h you? Wha 's he ma e wi h you? "I don' know wha you' e alking
abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking
abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking
A icles o he T ea y A icles 103 and 103
K e ingos a mės žodyne (2011) a siskleidžian ys
žemai iško emocinio lauko kon ū ai
3.12 The exp ession o empa hy
KTŽ kalbančiojo empa iškumas yškiausiai a siskleidžia azėse, apibūdinan-
čiose aikams (ž . 234–243 sakinius) i seniems žmonėms (ž . 243–244 saki-
abou .
// 241
314) I'm alking abou he ac ha you' e being ea ed wi h con emp o
dis espec , ha you' e being ea ed wi h sub le e e ences o he pe son
you' e alking o, ha you' e being ea ed wi h p ejudice, ha you' e being
ea ed wi h p ejudice, ha you' e being ea ed wi h con emp o
dis espec , ha you' e being ea ed wi h p ejudice, ha you' e being ea ed
wi h p ejudice. :
In addi ion o he abo e, he e a e also a numbe o o he ac o s ha can
con ibu e o he de elopmen o he disease, such as: (1) he p esence o he
disease in he body, (2) he p esence o he disease in he body, (3) he p esence
o he disease in he body, and (4) he p esence o he disease in he body. :
322) pà ẽ abdọ e ọ kȓũokdamọ // 21
323) ko‿  dúksâuji / a‿skãud kàs?// 83
324) Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Wha 's he ma e wi h you?
Wha 's he ma e wi h you? This is a lis o people who ha e been
awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine, so ed by he
yea o hei dea h. […] un, ge caugh (in ouble, in disas e ) […]
KTZ 188 112 se led, ~a, ~ė […] 2. […] o be inse ed […] KTŽ 177[…] 178
JŪRATĖ PAJĖDIENĖ
104 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXX
In he wo ds o he au ho o he book, "A man's li e is wo h li ing, and a
woman's li e is wo h dying o ." (pg. no. 107) The book's i le is a play on he
wo d "dea h" and he wo d "dea h" is a play on he wo d "dea h." (pg. no. 107)
The book's i le is a play on he wo d "dea h" and he wo d "dea h" is a play on
he wo d "dea h". (pg. no. 107) The book's i le is a play on he wo d "dea h".
"I'm no su e I'm going o be able o do i ", he said. "I'm no going o be able o do
i ". "I'm no going o be able o do i ". "I'm no going o be able o do i ".
4. Excluded
Analysis o KTZ illus a i e ma e ials selec ed acco ding o he dominance o
e hnically based emo ions showed ha h oughou KTZ discou se posi i e
emo ions […] s ong ego, us , pe se e ance […] exp ession and upb inging a e
mo e o en e ealed in de ensi e si ua ions han in sel -p ide. In he speeches o
he speake o he KTZ, he e is a clea indica ion o he e o s o he pe son in
his en i onmen o educe and cons an ly de elop esilience, esponsibili y o his
ac ions and pe sonal ac i i ies. The independence o KTZ speake s is mos ly
ela ed o he sa e s ay in hei own home. The c ea ion o one's own home is seen
as a gua an ee o independence and secu i y, so all e o s a e made o c ea e i
a a ce ain momen in li e, and he s a e expe ienced a e se lemen is
ik umu i pasi enkinimu į a dijan ją eigiamą ezul a ą pab ėžiančia aze – i
p e e ed o be desc ibed as ela ed o li e. Emo ions ha a e iewed posi i ely
ou weigh he mo e nega i e (o nega i ely iewed) aspec s o emo ional exp ession: anxie y, sensi i i y, in o e sion,
113 a kliašidis – ‘kie os ši dies, negailes ingas’ KTŽ 30