Ac a
Linguis ica
Li huanica
LVIII
(2008),
153
-
159
Recenzijos
Re iews
KA ALIUNAITE,
GINA,
ED.
Samuelio
Bogusla o
Chylinskio
Biblija.
Senasis
Tes amen as.
I
omas.
Lie u isko
e imo
i
olandisko
o iginalo
aksimilés.
Vilnius:
Lie u iy
kalbos
ins i u as,
2008,
cxliiij
+
761
pp.
ISBN
978-9955-704-38-6
This
imp essi e
la ge- o ma ,
beau i ully
illus a ed
and
p in ed
olume
con ains
acsimile
copies
o :
(1)
Chylinski’s
An
Accoun
OF
THE
TRANSLATION
OF
THE
BIBLE
INTO
THE
LITHVANIAN
TONGVE
[...],
Ox o d:
P in ed
by
Hen:
Hall
P in e
o
he
Uni e si y,
1659
(pp.
3-14);
(2)
Chylinski’s
RATIO
In i u ae
T an la ionis
BIBLIO-
RUM
IN
LINGUAM
LITHVANICAM
[...],
[Ox o d,
~
1660]
(pp.
15-23);
(3)
The
Lon-
don
copy
o
Chylinski’s
Old
Tes amen
(pp.
25-208);
(4)
The
ex
pa s
o
Chylinski’s
Old
Tes amen
aken
om
he
Be lin
copy
(pp.
209-390);
(5)
The
agmen s
om
he
Vilnius
copy
supplemen ing
he
London
and
Be lin
copies
(pp.
391-394);
(6)
The
Old
Tes amen
om
he
S a enbijbel
(pp.
395-761).
These
acsimile
copies
a e
p eceded
by
a
P e ace
in
Li huanian
(pp.
ij-ix)
and
English
(pp.
xi-xiij),
a
able
o
con en s
(pp.
x-x j)
and
a pains akingly
ca e ul
and
ho ough
i e-chap e
In oduc ion
in
Li huanian
(pp.
x ij-Ixxj)
wi h
an
English
e -
sion
(pp.
lxxi j—cxx ij).
Chap e
I,
“Samuel
Boguslaus
Chylinski
and
his
Li huanian
Bible
ansla ion”
(pp.
xix—xl,
Ixx -xciiij),
ela es
how
he
o hcoming
appea ance
o
he
ansla ion
was
announced
by
he
publica ion
o
he
English
and
La in
pamphle s
o
which
he
acsimiles
a e
p o ided.
The
Bible
ansla ion
was
suppo ed
by
many
p ominen
17 h
cen u y
P o es an
p opagandis s,
including
e en
he
amous
Ox o d
chemis ,
Robe
Boyle,
and
was
e en
p esen ed
o
King
Cha les
II
o
England,
who
dec eed
ha
a
collec ion
should
be
made
o
he
p in ing
o
he
Bible,
which
was
begun
in
1660,
bu
hen
suddenly
suspended
wo
yea s
la e .
The
unbound
shee s
o
he
p in ed
ex ,
which
had
eached
Psalm
40,
we e
gi en
o
he
minis e o he
Du ch
cong ega ion,
Caland ini,
bu
he
u he
a e
o
hese
pages
is
unknown.
A
he
end
o he
19 h
cen u y
copies o he p in ed
pa
o he
ex
we e
disco e ed
in
London,
Be lin
and
S .
Pe e sbu g
espec i ely,
bu
oday
only
he
whe eabou s
o
153
Recenzijos
he
London
copy
in
he
B i ish
lib a y
is
known.
Fo una ely
a
pho og aphic
ep o-
duc ion
o
he
Be lin
copy
(which
was
almos
200
pages
longe
han
he
London
copy)
was
disco e ed
in
he
Vilnius
Uni e si y
lib a y
and
could
be
published
in
he
p esen
olume.
This
chap e
also
no es
he
ac
ha
he
manusc ip
ansla ion
o
Chylinski’s
New
Tes amen ,
pu chased
by
he
B i ish
Museum
in
1933
om
an
an iqua ian,
was
ansc ibed
and
published
by
he
Polish
schola s
Czes aw
Kudzi-
nowski
and
Jan
O ebski
in
1958
and
in
1964
P o .
Kudzinowski
published
an
index
o
his
olume.
As
an
aside
I
migh
men ion
ha
in
1986
du ing
a
b ie
isi
o
Poznan
I
had
he
pleasu e
o
being
in i ed
o
dinne
along
wi h
P o .
M.
Hasiuk
o
P o .
Kudzi-
nowski’s
apa men
(whe e,
by
he
way,
ou
common
language
o
communica ion
was
Li huanian).
I
men ioned
o
P o .
Kudzinowski
ha
I
equen ly
made
use
o his
aluable
index
and
Chylinski’s
New
Tes amen
o
my
s udy
o
Li huanian.
A
ha
ime
P o .
Kudzinowski
asked
me
i
I
had
ound
any
mis akes
in
his
index
and
I
e-
plied
ha
I
had
no
ound
any.
O
cou se,
he e
may
be
mis akes
ha
I
hadn’
ound,
bu
I
would
s ill
highly
ecommend
P o .
Kudzinowski’s
index
o
anybody
s udying
he
his o y
o
he
Li huanian
language.
And
now,
acco ding
o
Ka ali inai é
(pp. xx,
Ixx j)
we
can
look
o wa d
o
a
simila
ca e ully
p epa ed
and
exhaus i e
wo d
and
o m
index
o
Chylinski’s
newly
published
Old
Tes amen .
Such
will,
indeed,
be
a
g ea
se ice
o
he
ield.
Chap e
Il,
“A
su ey
o esea ch
conce ning
Chylinski’s
Bible”
(pp.
xI-xl
ij
xciiij-ciij),
no es
ha
a
i s
he
exis ence
o
he
ansla ion
was
known
only
om
bibliog aphies,
al hough
a
leas
i een
polyglo s
(pamphle s
con aining
he
Lo d’s
P aye
in
a ious
languages)
ci e
he
Chylinski
Bible
ansla ion
as
hei
sou ce
(xlj,
xciij).
Beginning
as
ea ly
as
he
18 h
cen u y
and
be o e
he
ac ual
disco e y
o
any
copies
o
Chylinski’s
Bible
ansla ion
appeals
had
been
made
o
any
in o ma ion
conce ning
he
whe eabou s
o
such
copies
in
se e al
Eu opean
publica ions.
This
chap e
also
discusses
he
o iginal
skep icism
conce ning
Chylinski’s
au ho ship,
he
o e coming
o
he
doub s,
he
publica ion
o
pa s
o
he
ex ,
scien i ic
e alua ions
by
a ious
schola s
igh
up
o
he
p esen
day.
Chap e
III
1s
en i led
“The
known
copies
o
he
p in ed
pa s
o
Chylinski’s
Bi-
ble,
exce p s
om
hem
published
in
o he
p in ed
sou ces”
(pp.
xl ii
ij,
ciij-c j).
The
London
copy,
only
176
pages
long
and
s opping
a
Joshua
15,
was
disco e ed
in
1893
by
he
B i ish
Museum
lib a ian
John
T.
Naaké.
I
is
he
only
copy
o
he
p in ed
ex
known
oday
and
is
ep oduced
o
he
i s
ime
in
he
p esen
olume.
The
Be lin
copy,
o iginally
held
by
he
Royal
Lib a y
in
Be lin,
bu
now
appa en ly
154
Recenzijos
los ,
is
384
pages
long
and
s ops
a
he
book
o
Job.
A
pho og aphic
ep oduc ion
o he
Be lin
copy
had
been
made
o P o .
Jan
O ebski
and
upon
his
dea h
his
widow,
Helena
O ebska-Samaniii é,
dona ed
he
deceased
husband’s
a chi es
o
he
lib a y
o
he
Uni e si y o
Vilnius
in
1989.
Among
P o .
O ebski’s
a chi es
his
pho og aphic
ep oduc ion
was
disco e ed.
The
olume
unde
e iew
he e
con ains
ep oduc ions
o
he
Be lin
copy
om
pp.
177-384,
he eby
supplemen ing
he
e-
p oduc ions
o
he
London
copy.
The
Vilnius
copy
is
416
pages
long,
s ops
a
Psalm
50
and
is
he e o e
he
longes
o
he
h ee
copies.
This
was
p obably
he
copy
which
Chylinski
himsel
had
b ough
wi h
him
o
show
o
he
synod.
I
is
assumed
ha
his
is
he
copy
men ioned
by
Jacob
Quand
in
he
p e ace
o his
own
Li huanian
Bible
(1735)
and
a
acsimile
om
Quand
(Job
19,
25-27)
is
gi en
on
p.
393.
The
Vilnius
copy
was
dona ed
in
1805
o
he
Uni e si y
o
Vilnius
lib a y
by
Je zy
G uzewski
and
in
1842
i
was
acqui ed
by
he
S .
Pe e sbu g
Roman
Ca holic
Spi i ual
Academy.
In
1887
P o .
A is
Kunik
announced
he
disco e y
o
he
Vilnius
copy
o
Chylinski’s
Bible
ansla ion.
In
an
1887
publica ion
E.
Wol e
ep oduced
ex s
om
Es he ,
Ru h
and
Psalm
40,
he
la e
o
which
is
published
he e
in
acsimile
o m
(p.
394).
The
whe eabou s
o
he
Vilnius
copy
has
been
unknown
since
1918.
Chap e
IV,
“The
sou ce
o
Chylinski’s
ansla ion”
(pp.
lij-Ixiiij,
c j-cxx)
con-
ains
a
s imula ing
and
con incing
demons a ion
o
he
Du ch
sou ce
o
Chylinski's
wo k,
The
Du ch
S a en e aling,
based
on
he
o iginal
languages
o he
Bible,
iz.
Heb ew,
A amaic
and
G eek,
was
he
p incipal
sou ce
o
Chylinski’s
ansla ion.
This
ansla ion
was
au ho ized
by
he
Es a es
Gene al
o he
Ne he lands
in
1637
and
an
o icial
e ision
was
published
in
1657.
Ka ali inai é
no es
he
many
s uc-
u al
simila i ies
be ween
he
Du ch
and
Li huanian
ex s:
“The
book
i le
in
capi als,
is
ollowed
by
a
b ie
desc ip ion
o
he
con en s
in
small
ype,
called
ué i akinimas
os
knigos
in
Li huanian
(Du ch
inhoud
de es
Boecks),
he
ex
is
p in ed
in
wo
col-
umns,
he
e e ences
o
pa allel
ex s in
i alics
a e
in
he
ma gin.
The
desc ip ions
o
con en s
p eceding
e e y
Bible
book,
o
one
page
leng h
on
a e age,
show
an
almos
wo d- o-wo d
co espondence
o
he
Du ch
o iginals”
(pp.
iiij,
e ij-c iij).
In
addi ion
he
exis ence
o
explici s
ollowing
each
book
chap e
in
bo h
he
Li huanian
and
Du ch
ansla ions
is
a
ea u e
no
ound
in
o he
Bible
ansla ions,
e.g.,
Ga as
api aykimo
Jona
i
éie o
eypag
Naujo
Tes amen a
can
be
compa ed
o
he
Du ch
Eynde
de
Openba inge
JOANNIS,
ende
oock
des
geheelen
NIEUWEN
TESTA-
MENTS
‘The
end
o
he
Re ela ion
o
John
as
well
as
o
he
whole
New
Tes amen ’
(p.
liij,
e iij).
Whe e e
he
Du ch
e sion
shows
a
di e ence
o assignmen
o
e ses
155
Recenzijos
om
he
Vulga e,
Chylinski’s
Bible
ollows
he
Du ch
a he
han
he
Vulga e
(p.
liiij,
e iij).
The
au ho
w i es
(p.
l ij):
“Kai
ku ie
heb aju
kalbos
ypa umai
eiSkiasi
sis em-
ingai,
ka odamiesi
isame
eks e.
Heb aju
kalboje
p ielinksnis
bén
‘ a p’
ka oja-
mas
p ieS
kiek iena
i§
sujungiamy
daik a a dziy
a
daik a a dj
a s ojan¢iy
i a dziy.
Tokio
ka ojimo
iksliai
nepe eikia
nei
Sep uagin a,
nei
Vulga a,
plg.:
P
16,5
«pi en
6
Gedg
a a
pEoo
EL00
Kai
god
“ egul
eisia
Die as
a p
manes
i
a es”;
iudice
Domi-
nus
in e
me
e
e
“ e eisia
Die as
a p
manes
i
a es”;
a¢iau
Chylinskis
is e é
WI-
ESZPATS
e
udyja
e p
manes,
i
e p
awes,
nes
i
olandy
e éjai
ase
de
HEERE
ich e
u chen
my/
ende
u chen
u
(yisp6
YHWH
béni
ibénéka).
The
English
coun e pa
o
his
sec ion
which
exp esses he
same
hough ,
bu
in
a
sligh ly
di e en
ashion
eads
(p.
xij):
“The
Heb ew
in luence
pe ading
Chylinski’s
language
h ough
he
media ion
o
he
Du ch
S a en e aling
ex ends
o
he
whole
ex
o
his
Old
Tes a-
men .
As an
example
we
could
ci e
he
Heb ew
p ac ice
o
epea ing he
p eposi ion
e p
‘be ween’...”
The
English
coun e pa
hen
ep oduces
he
Li huanian,
Du ch
and
Heb ew
e sions
gi en
abo e,
bu
ails
o
ep oduce
he
Sep uagin
and
Vulga e.
I
hink
i
in e es ing
o
no e
ha
Fa he
Rubiys
a oids
a
p eposi ion
comple ely
in
his
ansla ion
(p.
25):
Tebiina
VIESPATS
a o
i
mano
eiséjas
‘may
he
Lo d be
you
judge
and
mine’.
B ockelman
(1913:
411)
gi es
a
simila
example
o he
Semi ic
doubling
o
his
p eposi ion
(Genesis
30,
36):
bénd
i ibén
Ya“qdb
‘zwischen
sich
und
1.’
o
which
he
Vulga e
has
(E
posui
spa ium
i ine is
ium
die um)
in e
se
e
gene um,
whe eas
he
Sep uagin
gi es
Kai
énéo noe
O56
pid
uEep@
a a
péoo
ab d
Kal
a a
péoo
lax.
Chylinski has
(p.
56):
(I
pada e
kiala,
yju
dienu)
e p
sawes,
i
e p
Jokuba.
The
Du ch
e sion
(p.
433)
epea s
he
p eposi ion
u chen
‘be ween’
as
does
he
Sep uagin
whe e
we
encoun e
he
epe i ion
o
a a
uéoo ,
al hough
he
Vulga e
has
only
he
single
in e
simila
o
he
King
James
e sion
which
has
only
one
p eposi-
ion:
‘(And
he
se
h ee
days’
jou ney)
be wix
himsel
and
Jacob’.
One
migh
no e
also
ha
Fa he
Rubys
only
has
one
p eposi ion
in
his
mode n
ansla ion
(p.46):
(Tuome
jis
nus a é,
kad)
a p
jo
i
Jokiibo
(bii y
ijy
dieny
kelionés
a s umas).
The
o iginal
e sion
o he
S a en e aling
was
published
in
1637,
a
Regis e
o
Co ec ions
o
P in ing
E o s
and
Mis akes
o
be
Found
in
he
Fi s
Edi ion
o
he
Newly
T ansla ed
Bible
was
published
in
1655
and
acco dingly
he
e ised
edi ion
o he
S a en e aling
was
published
in
1657.
In
he
e ised edi ion
134
co ec ions
(p.
lix,
cxiij)
we e
made
in
he
e e ences
o
pa allel
po ions o
he
ex .
An
a emp
was
made
o
ind
an
o iginal
Du ch
edi ion
which
co esponded
exac ly
wi h
he
156
Recenzijos
e e ences
in
Chylinski’s
ansla ion
in
which
80%
o
hese e e ences
co espond
wi h
he
1637
edi ion
a he
han wi h
hose
o he
Regis e
o
Co ec ions...
and
he
e ised
edi ion
o
1657.
In
he
hope
o
inding
he
edi ion
o
he
S a enbijbel
in
which
he
co ec ions
o
he
pa allel
ex s
would
co espond
exac ly
wi h
hose
in
he
Li huanian
ansla ion
Ka aliiinai é
checked
an
imp essi e
o al
o
47
di e en
edi ions
in
he
possession
o
a ious
Du ch
lib a ies.
In
spi e
o
his
seemingly
monu-
men al
e o
she
was
unable
o
ind
an
exac
ma ch,
so
he
decision
was
made
o
publish
along
wi h
he
Chylinski
ansla ion
a
p e-1657
S a enbijbel
edi ion
wi hou
he
commen a ies.
Ka ali inai é
discusses
in
a
ho ough
manne
he
possibili y
o a
Polish
sou ce
o
Chylinski’s ansla ion
(pp.
1x-Ixiiij,
cxiij-cxx).
A e
conside ing
he
possible
Polish
Bibles
she
concludes
ha
i
Chylinski
had
a
Polish
ex
wi h
him
i
was
p obably
he
Gda isk
Bible.
Al hough he
p obably
did
no
ansla e
om
he
Polish
ex ,
he
may
well
ha e
used
i
o
co ec
his
ex .
He
adjus ed
his pa icipial
usage
in
con o mi y
wi h
he
Polish
usage,
e.g.,
changing
ge unds
o
special
ad e bial
ac i e
pa iciples
(pusdaly iai
also
known
in
English
as
‘semi-declinable
pa iciples’).
Thus
we
encoun-
e
om
Ma hew
9.27:
dujen
ak uju
>
du
ak u
ejo
pa kui
ghi
Saukian
>
Saukdami
i
ka ban
>
ka bedami
(c .
S a enbijbel:
zijn
hem
wee
blinde
ge olg /
oepende
end
JSeggende;
Gda isk
Bible: li
zd
nim
dwé
Slepi
wo djqc
y
mowigqc.
1
ha e
no ed
ha
Chylinski’s
Lo d’s
P aye
begins
Tewe
mu u
‘Fa he
ou ’
(Kudzinowski
and
O ebski
1958:
14)
wi h
he
noun
i s
and
he
possessi e
p onoun
in
second
posi ion,
using
he
same
wo d
o de
as
in
he
1632
Gda isk
Bible
(Ojczie
nd)
ound
in
he
holdings
o
he
Pennsyl ania
S a e
Uni e si y
lib a y.
The
on-line
S a enbijbel
has
he
wo d
o de
Onze
Vade
‘Ou
Fa he ’
as
does
he
1641
Leyden
p in ing.
Whe he
o
say
‘Ou
Fa he ’
o
‘Fa he
ou ’
has
long
been
he
subjec
o deba e
among
P o es an
heologians
and
when
Lu he
w o e
Unse
Va e
in his
1522
ansla ion
o
he
New
Tes amen
he
was
oundly
c i icized
(Schmals ieg
2001:
151).
Possibly
Chylinski
el
i
necessa y
o
con inue an
es ablished
adi ion,
a he
han
o
a ouse
he
i e
o
his
con empo a ies
by
ollowing
he
Du ch
example
(see
also
Schmals ieg
1998,
pas-
sim).
In
ac ,
howe e ,
I
am
qui e
a
a
loss
o
explain
why
Chylinski
did
no
ollow
he
Du ch
example
he e.
Chap e
V,
en i led
“The
ex s
published
in
he
p esen
edi ion”
(pp.
Ixiiij-Ixxj,
exxj-cxx ij),
con ains
a
de ailed
desc ip ion
o he
con en
and
o m
o
he
o iginals,
hei
place o
o igin
and
a ious
o he
pe inen
in o ma ion.
Following
his
a e
a
ca e ully
p epa ed
and
ho ough
bibliog aphy
(pp.
cxxix-
exxx ij),
an
index
o
names
(pp.
cxxx iiij-cxlij)
and
a
lis
o
illus a ions
(cxliij-
157

Recenzijos
cxliiij).
These
illus a ions
add
g ea ly
o
he
beau y
o
he
olume.
The
i s
one
is
a
d awing
o he
Kédainiai
E angelical
Re o med
Chu ch
by
Napoleon
O da
(1875).
The e
a e
eng a ings
o
he
ci y
o
F aneke ,
he
Academy
whe e
Chylinski
s udied,
he
lib a y
o he
Academy,
a
gene al
iew
and
map
o
he
ci y
o
F aneke ,
a ious
iews
o
Ox o d
and
a
pic u e
o
Cha les
II
o
England.
Included
also
a
app op i-
a e
in e als
a e
ele en
imagina i e
e chings o
some
Biblical
scenes
by
Sa inas
Leona i¢ius.
The
acsimiles
hemsel es
occupy
pp.
1-761.
I
ha e
a
ew
mino
i ial
commen s
o
add
he e.
In
he
Li huanian
o iginal
o
he
P e ace
(pp.
ij-ix)
he
quo a ions
in
La in
a e
ansla ed
in o
Li huanian,
bu
in
he English
e sion
he
same
La in
quo a ions
emain
wi hou
an
English
ansla ion.
Fo
he
mos
pa
he
Li huanian
o iginal
uses
he
e m
S a enbijbel
‘Es a es
Bible’,
e.g.,
p.
liij,
whe eas
he
English e sion
uses
he
e m
S a en e aling
‘Es a es
ansla-
ion’,’ e.g.,
pp.
c ij-c iij.
The
e ms
seem
o
be
synonymous
and
he e
seems
o
be
no
possibili y
o
misunde s anding,
bu
he
eason
o
he
choice
o
he
di e en
e ms
is
no
clea .
The
La in
in ini i e
dice e
‘ o
say’
(p.
lxiiij)
should
be
eplaced
by
he
pa iciple
dicens
‘saying’.
The
name
o
he
ci y
Koeningsbe g
(p.
Ixxx ij)
o
he
mo e
usual
Koenigsbe g
is
new
o
me
also,
bu
judging
by
he
e ymology,
c .
Old
English
cyning,
Du ch
koning
‘king’,
e c.
I
would
ind
such
a
o m
o
be
qui e
possible,
hough
un amilia .
I
ha e
no iced
he
ollowing
misp in s:
p.
xxxij
‘whi h’
>
‘which’;
p.
Ixxxiiij
‘ anla ion’
>
‘ ansla ion’;
p.
ciij
‘ i les
pages’
>
‘ i le
pages’;
p.
cx
‘sig-
ini icance’
>
‘signi icance’;
p.
cxx
‘g amma ical
o m’
>
‘g amma ical
o ms’.
On
p.
xxxij
he
quo a ion
has
‘one
Chilinski
(!)’
bu
in
he
English
ansla ion
on
p.
Ixxx ij
he
same
quo a ion
has
‘one
Chylinski’.’
In
conclusion
one
can
only
p aise
he
au ho
and
he ca e
wi h
which
she has
p oduced
his
aluable
acsimile
edi ion
o
Chylinski’s
Old
Tes amen ,
ce ain
el-
e an
a endan
con empo a y
documen s
and
he
insigh ul
and
in e es ing
com-
men a ies.
I
only
hope
ha
she
will
con inue
his
wo k
and
will
e en ually
p oduce
he
p omised
ansc ip ion
and
an
index
o
he
Old
Tes amen
ha
a e
as
ca e ul
and
use ul
as
hose
o
Kudzinowski
and
O ebski
(1958)
and
Kudzinowski
(1964)
a e
o
he
New
Tes amen .
REFERENCES
B ocke man,
C.
1913:
G und i
de
e gleichenden
G amma ik
de
semi ischen
Sp achen.
Be lin:
on
Reu he
&
Reicha d.
(He e
ci ed
a e
he
1982
ep in ,
Hildesheim,
Zii ich
and
New
Yo k:
Geo g
Olms.)
158
Recenzijos
Goansk
Bible
=
Biblia
Swig a...
Gda isk:
W
D uka niey
And zejé
Hune elda,
1632.
Kupzinowsk1,
Cz.
1964:
Biblia
li ewska
Chyli iskiego.
Nowy
Tes amen
3.
Indeks.
Poznan:
Pa is wowe
Wydawnic wo
Naukowe.
Kupzinowski,
Cz.,
O esski,
J.
1958:
Biblia
li ewska
Chyli iskiego.
Nowy
Tes amen
2.
Teks .
Poznan:
Pa is wowe
Wydawnic wo
Naukowe.
Ruséys,
A.
( ansla o )
1998:
Senasis
i
Naujasis
Tes amen as.
S en asis
as as.
Vilnius:
Ka aliky
pasaulis
P ess.
Scuma s ieG,
W.
R.
1998:
Old
P ussian
*niison
awa: a co ec ion
wi h
heological
implica ions.
Bal is ica
33
(1),
41-42.
Scuma s izG,
W.
R.
2001:
Mo e
heological
implica ions.
Linguis ica
Bal ica
9,
149-153.
STATENVERTALING
=
Biblia,
da
is,
De
gan sche
H.
Sch i u e...
Leyden:
P.A.
an
Ra es eyn,
1641.
William
R.
Schmals ieg
814
Co nwall
Road
S a e
College,
Pa.
16803,
USA
159