187 e iews o e iews by
ch is iane schiLLe
humbold -uni e si ä zu be lin
Scien i ic esea ch a eas: P ussian-Li huanian lexicog aphy,
onomas ics, Bal ic-Ge man language, li e a u e and cul u al
ela ions.
BaL u VaLodu a Lan s. Wha a e you doing?
The p ospec us is baL […]
kaLb[…] a Lasas.
P ospec us = a las o he Bal ic
Languages I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu
I'm going o be able o do i . The au ho o he commen s
is Ilga Jansone, Anna S a ecka, Rima Bace ičiū ė and As a
Leskauskai ė. The compu e ized e sion o he map is
edmundas umpa. : La ian language ins i u es o he
Uni e si y o La ia, Vilnius: Li huanian language
ins i u es, 2009, 183 p.
This is isbn 978-9984-742-49-6
The p ospec us o an a las o he Bal ic languages o be discussed he e is, as he
mul ilingual i le al eady indica es, a La ian-Li huanian join wo k. Responsible o
his a e Anna s a ecka om he Ins i u e o La ian Language o he Uni e si y
o La ia in Riga and danguolė Mikulėnienė om he Ins i u e o Li huanian
Language in Vilnius. I is a es ape which aims o demons a e he need o such a
join p ojec and o demons a e he possibili ies o con en and ca og aphic
implemen a ion.
In iew o he ac ha he Li huanian and La ian dialec s and dialec s a e
inc easingly le eled by he in luence o he s anda d languages, i is a conce n o
he publishe s o documen he lexicon o he dialec s and o map hei
dis ibu ion.
188 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX he da abase o he a las is based on he
ch is iane schiLLe
Li huanian and La ian language a lases: Lie u ių kalbos a las (bd. 1: Leksika. Vilnius,
1977) (Lka), La iešu alodas dialek u a lan s (Leksika. īga, 1999) (LVda) as well as on
da a ma e ial collec ed by he ins i u e o La ian language o he Uni e si y o
La ia in Riga and he ins i u e o Li huanian language in Vilnius o he A las o he
Eu opean Language (Lea). These da a a e based on su eys ca ied ou since he
1960s. In his espec , he dialec si ua ion o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y is
e lec ed in he language maps p esen ed. he consis en ly ilingual edi ion (La ian,
Li huanian, English) p o ides a p o ound in oduc ion o he p oblem. I begins wi h an
o e iew o li ing and dead Bal ic languages (p. 1529), which i s in oduces he
di ision o he Bal ic languages and hen goes in o de ail, in pa icula , on he ex inc
Bal ic languages: Ku ish, Semgallish, Selish, Old P ussian, Jo wingish and Schalauish.
The li ing languages Li huanian, La ian and La ian-Gallic a e ea ed compa a i ely
b ie ly he e. The e is a desc ip ion and classi ica ion o he La ian (s. 25 […] 29) and
Li huanian dialec s (s. 30 […] 34) as well as an o e iew o he de elopmen o
geolinguis ic esea ch ela ed o La ian (s. 35 […] 39) and Li huanian (s. 40 […] 44). he
in oduc ion concludes wi h a desc ip ion o he design p inciples o he maps and
commen a ies (s. 45-49) as well as wi h a p esen a ion o he p inciples o phone ic
ansc ip ion o he La ian (s. 50-53) and Li huanian dialec s (s. 54-57). The
commen a y pa occupies a la ge space (see 61 […] 134). In he commen s, he
e ymologies ele an o he espec i e ocabula y a e p esen ed wi h hei
single-language co espondences, hei dis ibu ion is desc ibed, e ymologized and
he compa a i e ma e ial om he o he Indo-Ge manic languages, which is mainly
de i ed om he long-s anding e ymological dic iona ies, i.e. he Li huanian
E ymological Dic iona y by E ns F aenkel, Heidelbe g, 1965 as well as he La iešu
e ymology dic iona y, 1992. E idence om his o ical lexicog aphic wo ks and om
he dialec s complemen he p esen a ion. Some imes, o example. In he
commen a y on S o ch, he my hological meaning o he e m is discussed. F om s.
135 onwa ds, he map pa joins in. This is p eceded by o e iew maps o he La ian
(sec ion 137) and Li huanian dialec s (sec ion 139), in which he da a collec ion poin s
a e indica ed. he ca ds a e d awn as colo ed do symbols and a ea ca ds o as a
combina ion o bo h, depending on he ci cums ances o be ep esen ed. In he do
symbol ca ds, he cen al da a collec ion poin s a e indica ed, in he a ea maps,
hese a e indica ed on he basis o he accompanying shee s wi h he g ids o he
da a collec ion poin s. Fo he p ospec us, 12 linguis ic concep s ha e been selec ed
o co e he wides possible seman ic spec um. In de ail, hese a e: hiMMeL (le .
mākonis, li . debesis), (bauM)WiP eL (le . (koka) galo ne, li . (medžio) i šūnė,
WachoLde (le . paeglis/kadiķis, li . kadagys), K öTe (le . k upis, li . upūžė), aube
(le . balodis, li . ka elis), eLdLe che (le . ci ulis, li . ie e sys), s o ch (le .
s ā ķis, li . gand as), kohL Übe (le . kālis, li . g iež is), Win e Wei (le . Zen) a e also
known as I is also known as he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" because
Bal u alodu a lan s. P ospek s = Bal ų kalbų a lasas. P ospek as =
A las o he Bal ic languages. A p ospec
189 ecenzijos e iews e, which can be placed on he espec i e map, o be opened.
exclusi ely as a do symbol ca d, he ca ds a e designed o be hiMMeL and s o ch.
This ac is due o he ac ha he da a unde lying he wo maps we e collec ed
p ima ily in connec ion wi h he A las Lingua um Eu opae (aLe), o which a wide
ne wo k o su ey poin s was used, so ha he isoglosses canno be de e mined
p ecisely. In addi ion o he e i o ies al eady no aken in o accoun in he dialec
maps o bo h coun ies and ma ked in whi e o he la ge ci ies ( o La ia hese
a e Riga and Dauga pils, o Li huania Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai and Pane ėžys)
he en i e a ea wes o Vilnius, as well as a eas sou h o Dauga pils as well as in
sou hwes e n and wes e n La ia emain unma ked in he maps. On he o he hand,
in he adi ion o Li huanian dialec ology, he Li huanian language a eas and
language islands ou side Li huania ha e been aken in o accoun in he p esen a ion.
Finally, in he appendix, an o e iew o he da a collec ion poin s o he La ian
language a las (LVda) (s. 167[…]169) and he Li huanian language a las (Lka) (s. 170[…]177),
a li e a u e lis (s. 177[…]182) and an abb e ia ion lis
(p. 183) is quo ed.
o i s shape. Each map is assigned he co esponding s anda d language
co espondences as well as a pho og aphic image o he linguis ic concep
ep esen ed in he map. In addi ion o he seman ic b ead h o he linguis ic
concep s, he selec ion documen s he di e si y and complexi y o he phenomena o
be ep esen ed, which mus be aken in o accoun by adap ing he possibili ies o
ep esen a ion. Thus, he p ospec us p esen s he map o Win e WeiZen as a map o
he a ea, which is enough o ep esen he dis ibu ion o he wo e yms in he
Li huanian and La ian language a ea wi h wo colo s, whe eby le . pū i/pūi, li . pū ai
o he La ian dialec s spoken in Cou land and some islands in Li onia and Le gallen
as well as o a eas o he wes e n and no he n Žemai ic dialec s in
Li huania, please. (ziemas) k ieši, li . (žieminiai) k iečiai applies o he es o he
La ian and Li huanian language a ea. A simila ly low complexi y is shown by he
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX aube, which is also execu ed as a wo-colo map o he
ch is iane schiLLe
dis ibu ion o he wo e yms (le . baluodis/li . balandis o he en i e La ian language
a ea and he Žemai ic dialec s in Li huania, li . ka elis o he Aukš ai ic language a ea
in Li huania), wi h an addi ional 190 o a mixed language a ea o li . ka elis balbal along
he bo de o Aukš ai ija and Žemai ic. A he o he end o he complexi y scale is he
map o Heuschobe , which is execu ed as a combined su ace and poin symbol map, in
which su aces a e used in eigh colo s and shades and 18 poin symbols. a ea maps o in
combina ion wi h poin symbol ep esen a ion show he mos concise g aphic
ep esen a ion in speech diag ams. In his espec , i would be desi able ha he maps
p e iously p oduced only in poin symbol ep esen a ion, which we e d awn up on he
basis o he da a om he A las Lingua um Eu opae (aLe), could be supplemen ed by he
da a om he missing su ey poin s, so ha in pe spec i e also o maps o hese
linguis ic concep s a ealiza ion as a map o combined map would be possible. I you look
a he i s esul s o he coope a ion be ween he La ian and Li huanian
dialec ologis s p esen ed in he b ochu e, you quickly come o he conclusion ha such
a join p ojec was long o e due. Al hough he single-language Lka and LVda dialec s
unde lying he p ojec a e s ill impo an , in aluable ools o dialec ologis s and
linguis s oday, i is only he p esen a ion o he Li huanian and La ian da a ma e ial in
a map abou he c oss-bo de isogloss o indi idual e ymologies ha enables he
isualiza ion o language ela ionship. In addi ion, his ype o ep esen a ion also
makes he e ec s o language con ac angible, such as in he map o Schmied, which
shows he sp ead o he Sla ic loan wo d li . ka õlius/ka õlis < poln. I 's whi e. Ca al y
documen ed in he o iginal, c oss-bo de ange o cal es. The A las has a wide ange o
use s hanks o i s consis en h ee-language design. The ype o g aphic
ep esen a ion limi s his, like he p e ious language languages Lka and LVda, no only
o linguis s, bu also allows eache s and s uden s as well as o he linguis ic laymen o
d aw g ea bene i s om i . The p esen olume is no only a use ul bu also a
ypog aphically ex emely appealing book, o he design o which, in he p o en
adi ion o Li huanian book a , he Li huanian book a is Al onsas Ž ilius is
esponsible.
map o be planned is he p ojec o he Bal ic Speech Class acco ding o he
publishe o 500 linguis ic concep s. I p omises nex o one in compa ison o he bishe-
Bal u alodu a lan s. P ospek s = Bal ų kalbų a lasas. P ospek as =
A las o he Bal ic languages. A p ospec
191 ecenzijos e iews ich e e ence wo ks o bo h languages, he Lka and LVda,
mo e use - iendly p esen a ion o language da a many new insigh s o he language
his o y o he Bal ic languages. I emains o be hoped ha his ambi ious p ojec can
be con inued and ha many mo e olumes will ollow.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
ch is iane schiLLe
Humbold -Uni e si ä zu Be lin
Ins i u e o Ge man Language and Linguis ics
Un e den Linden 6, D-10099 Be lin, Ge many
[Email p o ec ed]