82 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIII
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
Vilniaus uni e si e as
The di ec ion o scien i ic esea ch: onomas ics.
The New Two Peoples
ASMENVARDZIAI 1991-2010 M. He is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen .
LIETUVOS VARDYNE
New Compound P ope Names o he Pe iod
1991–2010 in he Li huanian Onomas icon
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The in oduc ion o new double pe sonal names gi en o ci izens o he Republic o Li huania
bo n be ween 1991 and 2010 discusses one o he ways o enewing Li huanian su names in
ecen decades. The s udy ound ha he combina ion o wo-le e su names wi h he
usual su names esul ed in he o ma ion o new su names de i ed om appella i es (o
su names o appella i e o igin), sho ened wo-le e su names, o sho ened one-le e
su names, which a e he mos common o igins. They show ha he meaning o he base
wo d is no impo an in he o ma ion o he oo o a name. The e we e also cases o wo
newly o med su names, which con i med he polynomials o pe sonal names wi h one new
su name. I was ound ha he main eason o he eme gence o new su names is he
popula i y o equency o he pe sonal name con aining i , which was suppo ed by he
selec ion o common su names in o new names. The mos common basis o he s ones is he
i s skiemuo and he i s second skiemens, which indica es ha he mos impo an pa
o he wo d when i becomes a s one is i s seman ic pa […] he beginning, usually c ossing
he skiemens bounda y. ESMINIAI WORDS: pe sonal name, new wo-le e name, appella ion, abb e ia ion, name o o eign o igin.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
By p esen ing new compound pe sonal names gi en o Li huanian ci izens bo n in he pe iod
1991-2010, he a icle discusses one o he ways used o upda e he Li huanian s ock o p ope
names in he ecen decades. The s udy e ealed ha compound p ope names a e c ea ed
by combining commonplace s ems wi h new componen s ha mos ly o igina e om
appella i es (o names o appella i e o igin), hypoco is ic compound pe sonal names, o
o eign names, which a e he mos common base wo ds. They show ha he meaning o he
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base wo d is no impo an in he o ma ion o he s em o a p ope name. The e a e also
p ope names composed o wo new s ems, which es i y o he endency o o equency o
c ea e pe sonal names wi h a single new s em. The p ope names unde analysis make i
clea ha he main eason behind he c ea ion o a new name componen is he popula i y
he pe sonal name which has i ; i was also suppo ed by he selec ion o adi ional s ems
o he c ea ion o new p ope names. The mos common base o s ems is he i s syllable
and he i s consonan o he second syllable, which shows ha as he pa o he wo d is
u ning in o a s em, he beginning, being i s mos impo an meaning ul pa , usually exceeds
he limi s o he syllable. is ic, name o o eign o igin.
KEYWORDS: Pe sonal name, new compound p ope name, appella i e, hypoco-
1. 1. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
S udies o su names show ha since 1991 he Li huanian su name has been
in ensi ely enewed (Maciejauskienė 1998; Sinke ičiū ė 2011; Sinke ičiū ė, G iniū ė
2014). As in o he coun ies, changes a e aking place in Li huania: new names a e
being c ea ed, su names o o eign o igin and hei a ian s a e being adop ed
om o he languages, common names a e being ecycled, and in ecen yea s
mo e Li huanian child en ha e been gi en hem han be o e (Sinke ičiū ė, G iniū ė
2014). The o he pa o he new names a e a ely he esul o indi idual
c ea i i y, so in o de o de e mine how and why hey we e c ea ed, i is
necessa y o look o hei c ea o s, which, howe e , is di icul o implemen .
Some o hese c ea ed names a e new wo-le e su names ha ha e become
ė 2011). No s Vi alija Maciejauskienė (1998: 39–40) dėl hib idinės da ybos
a dus, pada y us sujungus sa os i s e imos kilmės dėmenis, e ina neigia-
lexemes o di e en o igins (Maciejauskienė 1998; Sinke ičiūmai), bu hei
exclusion commen s on he o igins o he su names ha ha e become
abb e ia ions o names o o eign o igin, hei pa s. This con i ms ha in he
las decade o he 20 h cen u y in Li huania he e a e new wo-le e names, he
in en o y o which is no inal. F om 2007 o 2010, when new names began o be
gi en o child en, i was ound ha double-syllable pe sonal names we e o med
no only by combining common names wi h pa s o names o o eign o igin, hei
abb e ia ions, bu he new names became appella i es, he beginning and ending
o he names o hei o igin (Sinke ičiū ė 2011: 219220). Thus, he c ea ion o new
wo-le e su names is no only pa o he con inuous enewal o las names in
ecen yea s, bu also shows he uni e sali y o he p ocess: new su names become a cons an ly appealing and e i iable lexicon. I can be seen om he new 2007[…] 2010 bilingual names ha hei p onuncia ion o en becomes
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huaniana (Ac LXXIII) is a collec ion o popula names in
Li huania and in se e al o he coun ies.
Based on his, he aim was o iden i y he i s wo names o new wins who
began o be used in he i s decades o he exis ence o independen Li huania
and o discuss hei names. In implemen ing his objec i e, i was desi ed: o
highligh , acco ding o he onomas ics li e a u e, how o c ea e new Li huanian
double-syllable names in ea lie cen u ies, o dis inguish g oups o double-syllable
names acco ding o hei new syllables and o desc ibe hei de elopmen al
ends and o de e mine how and wha usual syllables a e used in new double-syllable names.
Di e en pe sonal names a e used in he dic iona y o he o igins o Li huanian
names by Kazio Kuza inas and B onio Sa ukinas (2003, u he […] LVKŽ), he
u ių pa a džių žodynu (1985–1989, oliau – LPŽ) i ik in as Zigmo Zinke-
dic iona y o he names o Alexand Vanago Lie ičiaus (2008: 73[…]169) by
wo-pe son names. The name was included in he in es iga ion when i was no
LVKŽ, LPŽ d ikamieniuose onimuose a Z. Zinke ičiaus kamienų są ade. To-
kie asmen a džiai laiky i naujaisiais d ikamieniais a dais. Taip pa s e ainėje
eco ded by hese sou ces, and a leas one o i s en ies was no checked
www. a dai. lkk.l , whe he he combina ion o he new s one wi h he usual
name o he p e ious yea was excluded, so he pe sonal name is discussed only nus ačius, which was i s named by him in 1991-2010.
The s ones ha a e men ioned in he LVKZ, LPZ bina y names a e called common,
as a e he bina y names made om hem, because hey a e o hei own o igin
and al eady unc ion in he Li huanian su names. Un il now, he un eco ded
s ones ha e been condi ionally called new wi h he usual names, as hey could be
ound in he wo-le e names gi en be o e 1991. The new s ones a e no
classi ied as dis o ed a ian s o he s ones, because hey a e no au hen ic,
bu a e o med due o he cha ac e is ics o he spelling, due o he spelling. The
iden i ica ion o he new s ones aced a p oblem due o he age o he s ones,
because some o he s ones conside ed new coincided wi h he s ones o he Z.
Zinke ičiaus communi y, which we e conside ed o be he usual ones. The e o e,
when i appea ed ha in he a o emen ioned communi y he s ones we e
u inčių asmen a džių kilmės (Sinke ičiū ė 2010: 147–148), bu o eik as ki as
excluded unmo i a edly […] mos ly because o he supposedly di e en
in e p e a ion o he o igin o he names o he s ones, and he s ones we e
conside ed new. Pe sonal names a e di ided in o g oups acco ding o new names
and bo h o hei su names a e assigned. A wo-s o y building con aining he
usual s one is p o ided om he LVKŽ, LPŽ o Z. Zinke ičiaus cou . The o igin o
new clo hes is explained by indica ing hei basic appella i es o ixed su names
o LVKZ. In cases whe e he o igin o he new d ess could no be based on LVKZ
pe sonal names, names om o he sou ces we e also p o ided, indica ing hem in
he ex . When he same s one is epea ed in o he pe sonal names, a e e ence
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is made wi h a poin e o he name ha is i s men ioned in i s g oup in o de o
highligh he epea ing s ones. The new names a e de i ed om he s uc u al
simila i ies in he spelling o Li huanian su names, in some cases o p o ide
spelling a ian s. The esea ch ma e ial was ob ained in 2006 om he Gy en ojų
egis o a nybos a he Minis y o In e nal A ai s o he Republic o
Li huania ( oliau […] Regis as) h ough an in e media y o he S a e Li huanian
Language Commission and illed in he names o la e yea s. Mo e han 23
housand su names we e e iewed, o which 100 we e selec ed as sepa a e uni s
o he new dual su names gi en o ci izens o he Republic o Moldo a bo n in
odo, kiek a dų duo a aikams i iamuoju laiku. Sudė inių į a dijimų na iai
1991-2010. When egis e ing su names, a numbe is w i en a e he new singula
pe sonal name p o ided om he Regis y, which is also used as a singula su name. All he s a is ics on he su names and gi en names can be ound on he websi e www. a dai. lkk.l .
2. The newes membe o he Li huanian delega ion
Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply:
Onomas ics li e a u e s a es ha many Li huanian wo-le e names da e back o
he ime o he Whi e communi y, and hei an iqui y is based on pe sonal names,
hei kamienų co espondences in he an h oponym o o he Whi e peoples
(Zinke ičius 1977: 228; 2008: 71[…]72). In addi ion o hese su names, he e a e also new
wo-le e names wi h hei own o igins, whose owels a ose a e he exis ing
owels o new owels became appella i es (Zinke ičius 2008: 181[…]190). Thus,
Li huanian pe sonal names do no di e om he names o o he peoples […] simila
changes we e made in he names o o he languages; I is added ha hei
abb e ia ions became new names in o he languages (see Bach 1952: 131;
Supe anskaja 1988: 8). Based on Li huanian su names, Z. Zinke ičius (2005: 4647; 2008:
484486) ound ha in Li huania he e a e unusual su names wi h wo-syllable o igins,
which o igina ed om Ch is ian su names ha en e ed he old sys em o hei
o igin. Thus, he enewal o he names o he ibes wi h elemen s o o eign o igin
is an old phenomenon ha occu ed e en be o e he beginning o he Li huanian
su names.
The analysis o his o ical names ca ied ou by V. Maciejauskienė (1973:
177[…]179) con i med ha he su names o med in Li huania we e also pleased
wi h new du s wi h Ch is ian names, hei abb e ia ed and appella i e o igins,
as well as su names con aining bo h c eek names. These su names we e
de i ed om a ious o eign pe sonal names, and he su names wi h he
[…]k iks a dy […] a e also common in Ge man su names (Maciejauskienė 1973:
177[…]178, wi h li e a u e). This suppo s he well-known ac ha he inclusion o new wo ds in names is
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
86 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIII
uni e salus eiškinys, būdingas i ki oms kalboms, aki aizdžiai ykęs o muo-
on Li huanian su names.
Thus, he o ma ion o new compound names, obse ed in he su names o
child en a he end o he 20 h cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y, is
a con inua ion o he enewal o binomial pe sonal names ha ook place in ea lie cen u ies. The newly c ea ed pe sonal names a e su names,
ku iais plečiamas a dynas. A odo, kad nauji a dai bu o ku i isą XX a., be
kol kas jų negalima p is a y i dėl iš i umo s okos.
3. New appeal agains he KILM
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Some o he new names a e su names wi h an appella i e o igin, he basis o
which is an appella i e o he Li huanian language, as well as Li huanian appella i e
su names o he o igin o hese wo ds. Since he basis o su names o appella e
o igin is he same common lexicon, i is usually di icul o dis inguish be ween
su names wi h appella e o igin and su names o appella e o igin.
When assigning a name, i is checked whe he he name conside ed new coincides wi h he
appella e basis, and in he o he pa o he name con aining i , he usual name is ixed. When a
s one ma ching he appella i e basis di e s om he o dina y s one by one o wo ones, i is
conside ed new, because i is belie ed ha he eason o changing he o dina y s one is i s
simila i y o he appella i e o i s name o o igin. Z. Zinke ičius (2008: 181190) men ions some o he
appeal cases in he lis o new cases. The su names o hese clo hes a e in es iga ed when he
combina ion o he appella e name wi h he usual one does no appea in he lis o names o his
Z. Zinke ičius. The name o he species is de i ed om he La in oo "Au," which means "g een,"
Taigi 1991–2010 m. aikų a dyne as i šie nauji d ikamieniai asmen a -
"g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een,"
"g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een,"
"g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een,"
"g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een," "g een,"
"g een," "g een," "g een." Ausman, which is mos likely no a Li huanian double name, as he
hinks, bu a pe sonal name bo owed om he Ge man language, is ixed in he Li huanian
su name, due o i s s uc u e and simila i y in o m o o he pe sonal names o Ge man o igin
(LPŽ I 140). The e o e, he e b is conside ed a common pe sonal noun. 2 The s one o his name
may ha e been exca a ed om he auš-, plg. I 's he sunshine.

S aipsniai / A icles 87
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"I'm no going o lie o you, I'm no going o lie o you, I'm no going o lie o
you". "I'm no going o lie o you". "I'm no going o lie o you". "I'm no going
o lie o you". Rãs au as, see also Zinke ičius 2008: 129) and he illages
Džiaugsminà 1: džiaugs- < džiaugsm- (< džiaũgsmas) i min- (plg. Eidminà),
Džiã aldas 1: džia- (< džiãzas)5 i ald- (plg. Dó aldas),
Džigman as 1: džig- (< džig as) i man - (plg. Daũman as)6,
Rù au ė 1: u- […] ū- […] ū - ([…] ū a, Rū à) and au - (plg. Gý au ė), Rù ydas 1: u - […] ū -
([…] ū a, Rū à, also Rū ėnis) and yd- (plg. A ydas), 3 Z. Zinke ičiaus (2008: 158) we e excluded
om he classi ica ion because he pe sonal names wi h he y gy we e la e ansla ed
and ansla ed in o he o m (Sinke ičiū ė 2014: 164). Because o he a d. I 's simila o a lie.
The ein is no seconda y. The s ones o his name may also ha e been dis o ed om aid-,
plg. I 's called a doughnu .
4 The s ones o his name may ha e been dis o ed om il -, plg. I 's called a doughnu . 5 The heme
could also ha e been aken om R. Banion's ilm Vaikai om he Ame ican Ho el, c ea ed in 1990 and
shown du ing he ebi h o Li huania, he main cha ac e o P a a dės Džãge is. 6 This name may
be in e p e ed as a esul o euphemism when i is eplaced by a e b, e.g. . Sigman, because o he
in luence o V. Jason in English-speaking coun ies. Howe e , such a posi ion is ques ionable, because
Džeson is a a e Li huanian name, and pe di b asis . Žigman as is uni e sally used and well, because
populia aus . Žygman as ik as bei ge okai e esnis a das . Žygman as a ž ilgiu.
7 An ojo dėmens pozicijoje Z. Zinke ičiaus (2008: 90) išski as gau - nelaiky as įp as u kamie-
i is a g aphic s one gaud a ian (Sinke ičiū ė 2013: 121123). The s ones o his name can also be
dis o ed om gaud-, plg. I 's called Gaudí. 9 Z. Zinke ičius (2008: 93) dis inguishes he s one om he
8 No s LVKŽ nė a d ikamienių a dų su an uoju kamienu id-, be g eičiausiai id- i yd- kai-
aliojasi i an ajame kamiene, kaip i pi majame kamiene.
usual one, as i is a g aphic ged a ian (Sinke ičiū ė 2009: 348349), al hough he esea che specula es
ha he giedgalėjo o igina ed om he in luence o he geddėl o he Polish language. The s ones
o his name can be dis o ed and om ged-, plg. I 's called a hedgehog. The 10 h s one is named
a e he jū - a he han he sho ened jū as, due o he popula i y o he name Jū ã ė.
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
88 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXIII
Judgmen 1: igh - and man - (Jig-man as↑), Ugm-lė 1: ug- and mil- (Jausmlė↑), Vái ildas
1: play ai - (plg. Vái kan as) and ild- (plg. Dó ildas↑), Žaismin á play 1:- (plg. A min à)
and min - (plg. Some o he names o he appella e ibes we e eco ded one a e
he o he , bu o he s we e also a ia ions o se e al di e en names, and o med
epea ing combina ions wi h he usual ibes. Such s ones a e aus-, jaus-, as-,
u i - and ild-. Because o hei epe i ion, i is belie ed ha hese i ems a e
al eady becoming pe manen pa s o new names. Mos o en, he appella i e
adjec i es a e he i s s ones, so he new names o his g oup a e mo e o en
ini ia ed wi h he appella i e s ones. All appella i e s ones o igina ed om he
wo ds beginning. The mos common a e he padas, Lokman as, Rù au ė, Rù ydas,
Tesman as, Ugmlė, Žaismin à) o he closed one (Aũks aidė, Dó ildas, Džiaugsminà,
ma as – pi masis skiemuo, ku is y a a i asis (ž . Aũsman ė, Aũs ydė, Diẽ ilas,
Dó eidė, Džigman as, Gaũ idas, Gied lė, Jausmlė, Jausminà, Jù man ė, L i-
Rái ildas, Rãs ildas, Vái ildas), and he second one is he i s skiemens. This
indica es ha when c ea ing appeal s ones, he signi ican pa goes beyond he
i s s i ch and does no depend on he closu e o he s i ch. The ac ha he
s one is he beginning o a wo d ha does no coincide wi h he signi ican
subs an i e pa […] wi h he oo (see Džiã aldas, Džigman as, Gied lė, Ugmlė)
sugges s ha he mos impo an hing o appella i es when becoming s ones is
he i s skiemensė ini ial and medial.
The e ha e been cases whe e he usual second s one has been added o he new
i s s one o appeal, he beginning o which coincided wi h he las cu ain o
he inal s one o he i s s one (see Diẽ ilas, Džiaugsminà, Rù au ė). So I'm
an naujus a dus įp as i an ieji kamienai ka ais enkami i pagal jų p adžios
going o ake a nap. The su names wi h he beginning o which coincides wi h he
new s ones a e widely used, i.e. he names Auksė, Aus ja, Giẽd ė, Jū ã ė, Rū à,
gnė. This indica es ha he popula i y o he names con aining he new ibes is
impo an .
F om he appella i e ga men s i can be seen ha mo e o en hey a e based on emo ions
(džiaugs-, jaus-), animals and plan s (lok-, u-, u -), na u al objec s, phenomena (jū-, ju -, ugmais o
human emains will (aus-, gau -, žais-) 11 I can be assumed ha his Li huanian su name may ha e
o igina ed om associa i ely ansla ing he name o o eign coun ies Jasmine (DFN-173, also see
in Li huanian), whose su name co esponds o he name o ci izens o he Republic o Li huania.
Howe e , due o he ac ha he a o emen ioned . Jasmine ma ches he common
cha ac e is ics o he su names o ci izens o he Republic o Li huania […] some o hem a e
non-Li huanian (mos ly Romani) o unnamed na ionali y child en's su names, his idea has been
Lie u oje gimusiems lie u iams a dus okių asociacijų engiama. Dėl šios p iežas is . Žais-
abandoned, because i is usually no ela ed o he s age nickname o Russian pop singe Jasmine.
A icles o he 89 h
Nauji d ikamieniai asmen a džiai 1991–2010 m.
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ela ed ocabula y. O he s ones ha e a ious seman ics, which e lec he
indi idual ci cums ances o he c ea ion o he names.
4. The new sho -li ed s one
Membe o he Boa d o Di ec o s
Sho names, de i ed om common Li huanian wo-wo d names wi h s ones, also
become new wo ds. The s ones o his o igin can be dis inguished when he new
s em does no coincide wi h he edge o he s one: i s ounda ion is he i s
s one and he beginning o he second, as well as he beginning (ini ial and medial)
o he end (medial and inal) o he s one.
The basis o he sho ened o igins o he pe sonal names lis ed is he i s
s one and he beginning o he second, and he basis o he o he s one was no
ound in he name be ween 1991 and 2010. Many o he pe sonal names men ioned
a e Li huanian names and su names. The e o e, when p esen ing he pe sonal
names o his g oup and discussing he o igin o he ga men s om LVKZ, he
Taigi 1991–2010 m. aikų a dyne as i šie nauji d ikamieniai asmen a -
abb e ia ion is gi en i s and hen […] i s basis […] he double name. O a hickness no exceeding 0,2 mm bu no exceeding 0,2 mm
The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: Aedes aegyp i (A.
aegyp i), Aedes aegyp i (A. aegyp i), Aedes aegyp i (A. aegyp i), Aegyp i,
Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i,
Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i,
Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i,
Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i, Aegyp i.
Eidminà, Mnd idas (1): mind- (Emindas↑) and id- (Vdman as)14, a e a e pe sonal names, mos likely
because hey a e sho ened as a sepa a e ounda ion and we e no p e iously used. 12 Kamenas
minggali o be associa ed wi h . Domngas (especially due o he coincidence o he posi ion wi h
Mnd ydė 1: mind- (ž . Emindas↑) i yd- (plg. A ydė),
Vamindas 1: ai- (plg. Vagaudas) i mind- (ž . Emindas↑).
his g adua ion), bu his name in Li huanian a dine is a e, s a ed o be used om he end o
he 20 h cen u y, o wi h p d. Ming, known o he name o NBA baske ball playe Jao Ming, who
played success ully in he mo ies. 13 Al hough Z. Zinke ičius (2008: 86) conside s he s one o be
independen , he p e e ed o conside i as an a a ian o he s one because o i s posi ion (LPŽ
I 581). Also, he s ones e gal appea ed om he . E nes as, he beginning o E inas.
14 Because o he s one wid h. Eigh o hem.
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
90 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXIII
The abb e ia ions o he names in ques ion a e mo e likely o be in he
i s -pe son posi ion, so hey a e mo e likely o in oduce new double-pe son
names. The nouns in he su names ha e a kęs -, mindka ojosi meaning, which
indica es ha hey become pe manen nouns o pe sonal names. The new
names ha e been coined, mos likely because o he a d. Kęs ù is, Mndaugas is
popula . Thus, he eme gence and sp ead o new names wi h sho ened o igins
has an impac on he use o names wi h hose o igins.
All he new sho -descended ibes a ose om he beginning o he wo-le e
names and exceeded he bounda y o he i s skiemens (and ibe) o he basic
wo-le e names. Thus, he combina ion o sounds up o he nex skiemens o
he ocal pa is impo an o sho o igins.
5. A New Ligh in he Name o he S one
Membe o he Boa d o Di ec o s
O he new names ha e su names ha o igina ed om pe sonal names o
o eign o igin. The basis o hese s ones a e names o o eign o igin, hei
abb e ia ions o he o igins o hese wo ds. The e ha e also been pe sonal
names ha ha e ga men s ha ha e become names o o eign o igin.
When explaining he o igin o he ini ials o he su names, he basic wo ds […] he
o icial names and hei abb e ia ions a e indica ed. When he S e imkilmi ibes
me he mos common abb e ia ions, which became independen names, p o ided
by LVKZ in Li huania, hei o icial names we e no gi en i hey we e a e. Only
he o icial names a e indica ed nex o he new i ems when hei abb e ia ions
a e no conside ed o be common o s uc u ally incompa ible wi h he new
s one. Explaining he o igin o he end o he names, he names o o eign o igin
wi h he men ioned ending a e indica ed. When a d ess can be ied o a name o a
kį pa į dėmenį u inčio s e imos kilmės asmen a džio p adžia a jo umpiniu,
o eign o igin, bo h he ounda ion and he o ems can be ied oge he .
Taigi 1991–2010 m. aikų a dyne as i šie nauji d ikamieniai asmen a -
d wi h o eign-o igin su names: Ad[…]man ė 1: ad- (< Adà, Adèlė) and man - (plg.
Daũman ė), Agm[…]lė 2: ag- (< Ãgnė, also Agà, Ãgė) and mil- (plg. Dómilė), mini ai-, and
o he s […] one a a ime. This is mos likely explained by he ac ha hese i s
A icles o he 97 h
Nauji d ikamieniai asmen a džiai 1991–2010 m.
Lie u os a dyne
names a e no epea ed as o en as he second names in he usual wo-le e
names.
The i s common su names may be wo-headed, h ee-headed, and ou -headed
s uc u es, he la e o which a e a e. F om he mo e equen double and
iple s ones, i can be seen ha he second s ones wi h he adjacen
b anches a e connec ed o bo h he open and he closed i s s ones;
The e o e, i is impo an o main ain he in eg i y o he con en ional unk when swi ching o new names.
8. Wha is he meaning o he name?
1991[…]2010 Li huanian child en's names show a no iceable in asion o new wo ds
om his o ical pe sonal names in o Li huanian double names, and he c ea ion
o hese new names is conside ed a con inua ion o he enewal o double
names o ea lie cen u ies. New wo ds a e usually su names o o eign o igin,
a ely […] appeals o sho ened double pe sonal names. The equency o such
s ange ounda ions indica es ha he meaning o i s adjec i es is no
impo an in he c ea ion o names. The pa s we e epea ed in di e en
su ais pačiais įp as ais kamienais. Dėl o manoma, kad šie dėmenys apo nuola-
names and we e combined se e al imes wi h new wo-wo d pa s. These
s ones a e he appella i es (aus-, jaus-, jo -, as-, u -, ild-), he abb e ia ions
o o igin (kęs -, mind-) and he owels (ag-, ak-, ed-, eg-, el-, jus jus -, k is-, k is -,
ma -, ed-, simbei -es as, -g idas, -land, -mand, -s). F om hese i can be seen ha
he main condi ion o he o ma ion o a new s one is he amilia i y o he
pe sonal names con aining i , excep o he sense-, ild-, which seems o be widesp ead due o he seman ics o he appella i es.
The new s ones a e o en he i s s ones o he wo-le e names. The mos
common o hese is he open o closed i s skiemuo and he i s second
skiemens ib. Thus, he pa s o he ounda ion ha go beyond he i s syllable
usually become he new ini ials o he names, and he s uc u e o he new
syllable does no depend on he closu e o he i s syllable o he oo wo d.
Open i s names indica e ha he mos impo an pa o he ini ial and medial
skiemens o a wo-syllable pe sonal name is he beginning o he ounda ion.
Re esni no i seconda y wo ds d ejopi: o igina ed om he wo ds beginning o
o he names o he las names. The second su ixes ha appea a he beginning
o wo ds a e usually he same as he i s ones. F om o he su names, he
su names de i ed om he su names occupy only he posi ions o he second
su name and a e mos o en used o e e o su names o o eign o igin.
Howe e , he ac ha he pa o he wo-syllable name ha became he basis
-au os con i med ha he popula i y o he pe sonal names con aining i is impo an in he eme gence o a new name, and he o igin o he names and he meaning o hei basis is no impo an .

DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
98 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIII
Ku ian asmen a džius įp as i kamienai, dažniau esan ys an aisiais dėme-
nimis, some imes combined wi h he new i s owels: he inal o he i s
owel seen anew, coinciding wi h he ini ial o he usual owel. The usual
seconda y s ones a e ina and qua e na y, bu mos ly names, he new s ones
ap a ų kilmės g upių, suda oma su ina iais kamienais, kas pa odo jų uni e -
salumą. Dėl man - populia umo naujuose a duose many ina, kad i įp as ų
dėmenų dažnumas naujuose a duose p iklauso nuo jų pama o – d ikamienių
o which a e he mos popula o all names. O dina y i s s ones occu ed less
and in new names hey we e no epea ed as o en as second s ones. This
indica es ha he wo-wo d names om which hey a e de i ed a e no common ei he .
LITERATŪRA
Bach Adol 1952: Die deu schen Pe sonennamen I(1). Heidelbe g: Quelle & Meye.
DFN – Hanks Pa ick, Hodges Fla ia 1995: A Dic iona y o Fi s Names.
Ox o d, New Yo k: Ox o d Uni e si y P ess.
GVL – Kohlheim Rosa, Kohlheim Volke 2007: Das g oße Vo namen-
lexikon. Mannheim, Leipzig, Wien, Zü ich: Duden e lag.
LPŽ: Lie u ių pa a džių žodynas 1–2, ed. Aleksand as Vanagas. Vilnius: Mokslas,
1985–1989.
LVKŽ – Kuza inis Kazys, Sa ukynas B onys 2003: Lie u ių a dų kilmės žodynas. Vil-
nius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as.
Maciejauskienė Vi alija 1973: Naujosios d ikamienės lie u ių pa a dės su as-
men a dinių sandu. – Lie u os TSR Mokslų akademijos da bai, A se ija, 1(42), 177–181.
Maciejauskienė Vi alija 1998: Lie u ių a dyno aidos polinkiai. – Kalbos kul ū-
a 71, 33–42.
Piliečių a dų są adas. P ieiga in e ne e: www. a dai. lkk.l (žiū ė a 2015 04 20).
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2009: Pas abos dėl žemaičių umpinių kilmės pa a džių, ki-
lusių iš a d. Ged mas. – Bal is ica 44(2), 347–353.
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2010: ( ec.) Zigmas Zinke ičius, Lie u ių asmen a džiai, Vil-
nius: LKI leidykla, 2008. – Bal is ica 45(1), 145–151.
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2011: Nauji 2007–2010 m. lie u iškos kilmės aikų a dai i
jų da imo polinkiai. – Kalbos kul ū a 84, 214–229.
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2013: Dėl nesu umpėjusių d ikamienių asmen a džių ka-
mieno gaud- a ian ų lie u ių kalboje. – Bal is ica 48(1), 119–128.
S aipsniai / A icles 99
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Lie u os a dyne
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2014: D ikamienių a dų su kamienu aid- b uožai lie u ių
kalboje. – Bal is ica 48(1), 163–175.
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a, G iniū ė Vaida 2014: Ispaniški a dai Lie u os a dyne
1991–2010 m. – Bend inė kalba 87, 1–17. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://www.bend inekalba.
l /index.php?skil is=naujausias (žiū ė a 2015 04 20).
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mės asmen a džiai i jų kamienų už ašymo ypa ybės Vilniaus naujųjų mies iečių i
laiduo ojų 1661–1795 m. są aše. – A chi um Li huanicum 16, 295–322.
Ska džius P anas 1996: Rink iniai aš ai 1. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidykla.
Supe anskaja 1988: Суперанская Александра Васильевна, К проблеме
типологии антропонимических основ. – Ономастика. Типология. Стратиграфия.
Моксва: Наука, 44–52.
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XVII a. p adžioje. Vilnius: Mokslas.
Zinke ičius Zigmas 2005: K ikščionybės iš akos Lie u oje: Ry ų k ikščionybė a dyno
duomenimis. Vilnius: Ka alikų akademija.
Zinke ičiaus Zigmas 2008: Lie u ių asmen a džiai. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos
ins i u as.
New Compound P ope Names o he Pe iod
1991–2010 in he Li huanian Onomas icon
SUMMARY
The names gi en o child en du ing he pe iod 1991–2010 make i clea ha new com-
pound p ope names a e being cons an ly c ea ed in Li huania. Mos new membe s a e o
o eign o igin, whe eas hose o igina ing om appella i es o om hypoco is ic names a e
a e . This ac shows ha he main ac o a wo k is he popula i y o a gi en name a he
han he meaning o lexemes. The s ems aus-, jaus-, jo -, as-, u -, ild- (o appella i e o -
igin), kęs -, mind- (o hypoco is ic o igin), ag-, ak-, ed-, eg-, el-, jus-, jus -, k is-, k is -, ma -,
ed-, sim- bei -es as, -g idas, -landas, -mandas, - i a(s) (o o eign o igin) ha e become
s able membe s o he Li huanian s ock o p ope names. New membe s usually occu as
he i s membe o compound names which implies ha a highe numbe o compound
names begin wi h new componen s. The mos common base o he new i s componen s
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li uaniana LXXIII is he i s syllable and he i s consonan o he
second syllable, which shows ha in he c ea ion o new componen s i s meaning ul pa
su passes he limi s o he syllable. As he second membe we ha e wo possibili ies: he
beginning o he end o a p ope name. In his case new membe s also o igina ed as a
consequence o he popula i y o a gi en p ope name. T adi ional componen s a e usually
ound as he second membe o compound names. They can consis o ei he h ee o ou
phonemes, bu compound names whose i s membe belongs o any o he abo e h ee
possible o igins a e ound only wi h second membe s consis ing o h ee phonemes. The high
equency o he membe man s shows ha he success o adi ional componen s is also
dependen on he popula i y o a gi en compound p ope name.
Deli e ed on 15 July 2015
DAIVA SINKEVIČIŪTĖ
The Uni e si y o Vilnius, Uni e si y o
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