256 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
PIETRO UMBERTO DINI
The Uni e si y o Pisa
Resea ch a eas include compa a i e Bela usian linguis ics, he
his o iog aphy o Bela usian linguis ics, p ose s udies, and ansla ion s udies.
TARP Bal ic and
BALTICITAS, ARBA UŽSIENIO (Spanish p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Spanish poli ician.
The Bal ic S a es*
The aim o his ex is o discuss he de elopmen o Bal ic s udies and i s
p ospec s in he academic wo ld ab oad (i.e. ou side he Bal ic S a es). As i
u ns ou om wha will be said, he e is al eady a ce ain challenge in
pe spec i e... Fi s o all, i is wo h looking a he de elopmen o Bal ic s udies
in he pas decades om a common his o ical poin o iew and ying o
summa ize b ie ly […] like a bi d's ligh […] wha happened du ing his pe iod.
I hink I could say ha he a e o Bal ic s udies in Eu ope is closely linked o
he a e o Eu ope i sel .
In Wes e n Eu opean coun ies, a common ea u e is obse ed: Bal ic s udies ha e ound a esonance in
he academic wo ld along wi h he independence o he Bal ic coun ies. I is no coincidence ha bo h in
he in e wa yea s and in he las decade o he las cen u y, he academic wo ld paid a en ion o he
disciplines o Bal ic s udies. This happened in many coun ies. Du ing he So ie pe iod, in e es in he
Bal ic languages and cul u es in he academic communi y in hese coun ies ei he declined al oge he
o , a bes , li ed wi h di icul y, wi h only a ew scien is s wo king in he ield o Bal ic s udies. On he
o he hand, in Cen al and Eas e n Eu ope, he e was con inued in e es in he languages and cul u es
o he Bal s, bu he Bal s su e ed g ea ideological p essu e he e. In Cen al Eu ope, Ge many was
an excep ional case, and i is no di icul o unde s and why his happened. On he one hand, he
coun y's ela ions wi h he Bal ic coun ies ha e always been he basis o he epo ead a he
plena y session o he Wo ld Con e ence on Li huanian Educa ion on 6 Ap il 2017. The con e ence was
o ganised unde he EU- unded p ojec "Encou aging coope a ion be ween o eign Bal ic cen es and
Li huanian scien i ic and s udy ins i u ions" and ook place in Vilnius, Li huanian Uni e si y o Educa ion.
Cha ac e is ics o he s yle o e bal epo ing a e consciously main ained in he ex .
Ta p bal is ikos i bal ici as, a ba užsienio bal is ikos klausimais
Insigh s 257 is s ong, i can' e en be compa ed o any o he coun y in Wes e n
Eu ope. On he o he hand, as you know, i was Ge many ha did no heal he
wounds o he con inen o a long ime. Since hen, Bal ic s udies has been
cul i a ed in bo h Democ a ic Ge many and he Fede al Republic o Ge many. The
kie ijoje. I ienu , i ki u – no s bu o p imes os ski ingos ideologinės nuo-
old adi ional Ge man school o compa a i e linguis ics has su i ed, which has
also made a special ma k in Bal ic s udies.
All he excep ions we e he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica. The si ua ion in he USA
canno be compa ed wi h ha in Eu ope. The eaching o Li huanian a
uni e si ies was p o ided by communi y- unded Bal ic depa men s (as was he
case in Chicago and as will p obably be he case in Sea le).
1. The eason o oday's closu e
The Bal ic Sea?
I seems o me ha he main p oblem o o eign Bal ic s udies is s ill he
s uc u e and place o his discipline in he sciences and s udies o philology and
linguis ics, ha is, in o de o Bal ic s udies (o o he Bal ic s udies) o be o
become an independen discipline, i is necessa y o c ea e all le els o Bal ic
s udies (bachelo 's, mas e 's, doc o al).
I would be ideal o ha e a leas one chai o Bal ic s udies, o e ing all le els o
s udy, in each Eu opean coun y wi h a adi ion o Bal ic s udies. And in some
coun ies, whe e his o ical ies and in e es a e pa icula ly s ong, he e could,
o cou se, be mo e Bal ic ca hed als. Tha s I emphasize would be ideal. Howe e ,
e en om his poin o iew, he si ua ion is indeed une en. I'll y o pu i in
o de , al hough I may ha e o go en some hing o mis ep esen ed i . The e seem
o be h ee di e en geog aphical s uc u al zones.
The i s zone includes hose Eu opean coun ies whe e Bal ic s udies a e (o a leas seem o be)
la gely solidly s uc u ed and ha e u u e p ospec s (e.g. Sweden, Finland, he Czech Republic,
Ge many, Hunga y, Poland and pe haps elsewhe e). He e, Bal ic disciplines can be in eg a ed in o
Indo-Eu opean, Sla ic o No he n Eu opean o simila BA o MA s udy p og ammes. (2) The second
zone includes hose Eu opean coun ies whe e Bal ic s udies a e s uc u ed, bu Bal ic s udies is
only augh as a sepa a e cou se (examina ion), 1 Illinois Li huanian (Bal ic) his o y and p esen a ion
by Gied ius Subačius in his epo […]Li huanian S udies in Chicago[…]. 2 Pe e Vanag's epo "Bal
language s udies a S ockholm Uni e si y: his o y and cu en a ai s" explained, by he way, ha
he si ua ion in Sweden is a om osy.
PIETRO UMBERTO DINI
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI is loca ed a 2583. A simila bu p obably be e
pa yzdžiui, kalbo y os bakalau o a magis o s udijų s uden ams. Tokia si ua-
si ua ion in F ance (including eaching a INALCO)4. Cu en ly, i can also be augh in
a ious BA and MA s udy p og ams. Howe e , he u u e o Bal ic s udies is
unce ain he e, and hese s udies a e a isk, especially in his e a o pe manen
e o ms in highe educa ion... (3) The hi d zone includes hose Eu opean coun ies
whe e Bal ic s udies a e no (ye ) s uc u ed. This is he si ua ion in Spain, o
example. Bu oday, un o una ely, e en in a coun y wi h such a deep adi ion o
Bal ic a as No way, Bal ic a is no longe celeb a ed. In addi ion, he e a e
coun ies whe e Bal ic adi ions a e absen o almos absen , such as Slo enia,
C oa ia, Se bia, G eece, and Po ugal. O cou se, his does no mean ha e e y
Eu opean coun y needs Bal ic s a is ics (al hough i would be desi able). No does i
mean ha he e a e no specialis s o schola s a all in hese coun ies: he e is a
spon aneous […] i.e. pe -academic […] o e : o example, a ious p ojec s o
esea ch a e ca ied ou independen ly by indi idual scien is s o g oups o
scien is s. Howe e , I can conclude hese e lec ions wi h joy ul an icipa ion. I would
like o men ion he opposi e phenomenon aking place ou side he EU, in Swi ze land,
whe e Bal ic s udies a e o be e i ed5.
2.The Bal ic a ea
One impo an dis inc i e ea u e o Bal ic s udies in he Bal ic coun ies and
ab oad is p obably ha he need o de ini ion is mo e s ongly el in he la e .
Fo eign Bal ic s udies need o be de ined, as hey say, bo h ho izon ally, i.e. by
compa ing i wi h o he philologies and linguis ics, and e ically, i.e. by compa ing
i wi h he Bal ic s udies o he Bal ic coun ies and in hei own coun y.
The concep and eaching o Bal ic s udies in he wo ld's uni e si ies has been and s ill is a
unique phenomenon dependen on many ac o s. I is no mal ha eaching is cons an ly
changing: changing me hods, in e es s, and e en ually ashions. Howe e , ega dless o all
his, i may be wo h saying ha he Li huanians in he Bal ic coun ies and he Bal ic 3 I
was lea ned om Guido Mchelini's epo ha he si ua ion o Li huanian language eaching
a he Uni e si y o Pa ma is also c i ical.
4 I hank Hélène de Penan os o he commen s and in o ma ion du ing he con e ence. The
con e ence Re i alizing Bal ic S udies, announced o his pu pose, will ake place a he
beginning o May 2017. By he way, I would emind you ha in 2008 he i s con e ence was
o ganised by he Li huanian Communi y in Swi ze land oge he wi h he Li huanian Language
Ins i u e and Vilnius Uni e si y (In e na ional Con e ence on Li huanian Language and
Li e a u e […]Posi ion and Signi icance o Li huanians in he Eu opean Con ex […], 4.6.2008, F ibou g, Be n, Zu ich).
Ta p bal is ikos i bal ici as, a ba užsienio bal is ikos klausimais
Įž algos / Insigh s 259
O e seas, because o di e en adi ions and di e en audiences, hey
some imes misunde s and and each he same esea ch subjec .
Isn' i ue ha he Bal s in he Bal ic coun ies and he Bal s ab oad di e in
ha hey a e guided by a di e en concep o he Bal s, o pe haps a di e en
canon? And he di e en canons o Bal ic s udies a e guided implici ly, e en
wi hou ealizing o paying pa icula a en ion o he heo e ical aspec s...
Pe haps i makes sense o aise he ques ion on his occasion and a his
con e ence: is undamen al Bal ic s udies possible? Does i make sense o
conside (and pe haps y o es ablish) some common Bal ic canon? A he same
ime, o he ques ions a ise, o example, is Bal ic s udies as a discipline
su icien ly clea ly de ined? And how many o hese de ini ions, i any, a e he e?
Is i no ue ha such an impo an ques ion bo h heo e ical and p ac ical has
no ye been adequa ely answe ed? You may no ha e hough much abou his p oblem.
How many Bal ic de ini ions do we know? I was able o quickly compile a leas
a ew de ini ions om he publica ions a ailable (bu his opic would be
wo h del ing in o u he ).
Endzelin, Ie ads Jānis whi e philology (1945: 5): "Runa ing di ec ly abou whi e
philology, i can be said ha his is abou he objec o s udy and so in he
wo ds o he whi e people, which exp esses he mu es in he w i ings o he
spoken ex s, so old- ashioned, he language o he La ian, he La ian
li e a y me ic (and me ic) and he my hology, whe eas he whi e philology
ha asses he belo ed o he whi e language, he a i ude. James De o , An
In i a ion o he Philology o he Whi es (2004: 83 [ om I alian ansla ion]
[Foo no e] The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew:
[…]The i s ask o Bela usian philology […] is o de ine he concep o
Bela usian communi y no as a ixed b anch o a ee, bu as a cons an ly
dynamically es ablishing balance be ween opposing cu en s ha b anch
o om di e en sides.[…]
Jonas Kabelka, In oduc ion o Bal ic Philology (1982: 6): "One o he b anches
o Indo-Eu opean philology is Bal ic philology, o Bal ic s udies, whose objec
o s udy is he ela ionship be ween he Bal ic languages, he li e a u e o
he Bal ic peoples and he his o y and cul u e o hese peoples". Raine
Ecke and o he s, The Bal ic Languages (1998: 5; Vo wo ): "The
o wa d-looking in oduc ion o he s udy o he Bal ic languages... ollows
he goal, abou he languages in his unique cul u al
To lead he people.
PIETRO UMBERTO DINI
260 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXVI
A[lgi das] S[abaliauskas], Encyclopedia o Li huanian Language (2008: 55):
[…]bal is ics, Bal ic philology, […] compa a i e science o he languages, li e a u e
and e hnici y o he Bal ic peoples; in he b oades sense […] a complex b anch o
science ha s udies he his o y, languages, li e a u e and olklo e o he Bal ic
peoples (depending on which his o y, language, li e a u e and olklo e o he Bal ic
peoples is s udied, i is also di ided in o Li huanian, La ian, P ussian).[…] Wha do all
hese de ini ions ha e in common? I 's all he e. All o he abo e de ini ions
emphasize he his o ical pu pose o Bal ic o Bal ic philology, p ima ily
Indo-Eu opean, which includes language, li e a u e, my hology, olklo e, and
his o y. In e es ingly, he e m philology is used he e and unde s ood oughly as
" he s udy o he cul u al uni e se h ough he p ism o language". And his is (o
has long been) he p e ailing iew in Bal ic s udies, judging om he de ini ions
gi en, o e he las hal -cen u y. The e was no (o was no ) any di e ence
be ween he labels, which mean ha Bal ic s udies = Bal ic philology, and ice
e sa.
Is ha eally he case oday? Is i possible, o example, o say ha he whi es a e
s ill la gely descended om he Indo-Eu opeans? I 's no always p e y. Fo
example, is i possible o say ha whi es a e in e es ed no only in language bu also
in li e a u e and olklo e? I 's no always p e y. And i p obably hasn' always been
ha way. In ac , he gi en de ini ions push he ideal bounda ies o he discipline.
Ne e heless, hese conside a ions aise he ques ion o whe he he labels
"Bal is ics" and "Bal philology" a e s ill unde s ood synonymously oday. I
p obably isn like ha anymo e. The e's a ce ain seman ic shi in he way we
speak, and ha 's wha 's causing his ques ion. By he way, he exp ession is e y
common in languages. I 's well known ha wo ds li e longe han concep s, so in he
same way (i 's he same wo d) we call concep s ha a e al eady obsole e o ha e
changed. Each language can gi e many examples o mo i a ional weakening, loss, o
change. I seems o me ha his is also happening (o has al eady happened) wi h he
echnical e m "bal is ics". I don' know, maybe i 's jus my imp ession. I would be
in e es ing i espec ed colleagues could con i m o deny his.
Le 's ake ano he look a he p o isions o he well-known in e na ional
magazine Bal is ica. In he i s issue o he jou nal, a sho […]Edi o ial
Wo d[…] (p. 5) in oduces and desc ibes he pu pose o he jou nal: […]This
publica ion will publish a icles on he phone ics o he Bela usian languages
as well as on phonology, accen ua ion, mo phology, syn ax and lexicon, and
will also ocus on he me hodology o he s udy o he Bela usian languages,
con ac s wi h o he Indo-Eu opean (especially Sla ic) and non-Eu opean languages.[…] 1965

Ta p bal is ikos i bal ici as, a ba užsienio bal is ikos klausimais
Įž algos / Insigh s 261
As you can see, i was i s and o emos impo an o de ine he ba s o
scien i ic esea ch ha will be wo ked on […] hese a e he ba s o scien i ic
wo k […] ha is, he g amma and ocabula y ba s o all Bal ic languages.
Howe e , i is s iking ha no hing has been w i en abou he me hods o
esea ch ha will be ca ied ou . Why is ha ? The e o e, i was sel -e iden
ha hey had o be o a his o ical-compa a i e, linguis ic and in e philological
na u e. This sel -e iden con ic ion is, by he way, mo e clea ly dis inguished
and de ined in he a icle by he academic Kos o Ko sako ha ollows he wo d "Redac ion" (p. 11):
[…]... his publica ion has he aim and du y o linking oday's Bal ic s udies mo e
closely wi h he cu en p oblems o in e na ional compa a i e linguis ics, and
in pa icula wi h hose b anches o he science o philology which ha e a deep
adi ional connec ion wi h Bal ic s udies and ha e made an impo an
con ibu ion o he s udy o he pas , language and cul u e o he Bal ic
peoples.[…] This and he cu en pu pose o he same online jou nal a e e y
clea ly di e en : […]The jou nal gi es p io i y o his o ical, compa a i e and
ypological s udies o he Bela usian languages and hei dialec s, ques ions o
ela ions be ween he Bela usian and o he languages, his o iog aphy o he
Bela usian language [...] Since 2006, he jou nal has paid mo e a en ion o
synch onous s udies o con empo a y Bela usian languages, including
expe imen al, ela ed and applied wo ks.[…] I is clea om his ha he
pe cep ion o he discipline in ques ion has su e ed a ce ain b eakdown. I
seems ha he in e na ional scien i ic jou nal Bal is ica s ill lis s his o ical
esea ch as a p io i y among i s objec i es, bu i signi ican ly changes he
p o isions o 1965 and includes synch onous esea ch in i s scien i ic ba . I has
been egis e ed since 2006, al hough he changes hemsel es s a ed ea lie . I
so happened ha o e he las wo o h ee decades, many mo e synch onous
s udies on he Bal ic languages ha e been published bo h in he Bal ic s a es and ab oad.
Is his no a de ac o ecogni ion ha he concep o "bal is ics" has changed
signi ican ly? I would say ha oday he label o "Bal ese philology" is
associa ed only wi h diach onici y and p oblems o language change, and pe haps
p ecisely wi h he s udy o echoes ( ex s). On he o he hand, he "bal is ic"
label is mo e ele an o he synch onous and ypological aspec s o he s udy.
biau kaip pos indoeu opeis inė (gal ne gi pos kompa a y is inė) i gal ipologi-
As i we e, his bal is ica is unde s ood as a line. I would say ha he "Bal is ic"
label is oday synonymous wi h he "Bal is " language label.
I seems o me ha om he h ee- ie sys em ha p e ailed un il he las
decade, i.e. :
PIETRO UMBERTO DINI
262 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI, con aining he ollowing p o isions:
• I) hype nyms: 1. bal is ika koiponimai: 2. whi e dialec 3.
whi e philology is o ming, o may ha e al eady o med, a
↙ ↘
bina y sys em, i.e. :
• II) he hype nym: 1a. he Bal ic = 1b. o he
Bal ic language
↓
In linguis ic e ms, Bela usian philology was changed om a co-onym o a
me onymic ela ionship. Roman Jakobson emphasized a long ime ago ha
Fe dinando de Saussu e's dicho omy o diach onici y and synch onici y is only
didac ic ic ion, i is no eal. The e o e, i is necessa y o look, in my opinion, only
posi i ely a he ac ha synch onous s udies a e included in he gene al
mode n concep o "bal is ics". Some Bal icis s a e somewha conce ned ha
adi ional diach onic linguis ic s udies ha e almos been pushed ou o ha
concep and elega ed o he backg ound as "Bal philology"...
Howe e , I belie e ha ega dless o each scien is 's p e e ence o one o
he o he concep ion o his discipline, we will p obably ha e o ge used o he
changing concep o Bal ic s udies... Pe haps he concep o ou b anch o
science i sel mus become b oade .
By he way, o eign Bal icis s - mo e o less consciously - ha e always had o
in e p e "bal is ic" in his way, because hey need o alk mo e abou he
o es han abou indi idual ees, hey need o gi e a gene al pic u e o Bal ic
s udies and no sepa a e om philology no only he o ic, bu also li e a u e,
my hology, ansla ion and cul u al his o y. On he con a y, he whi es in he
Bal ic coun ies can a o d o b eak down he "p abang" discipline in o smalle
componen s and hus ensu e he p og ess o esea ch. Bo h aspec s a e
impo an and use ul. Bo h app oaches can coexis ha moniously, because hey
o m wha I ha e called ou common Bal icism elsewhe e. In he ligh o he
6 Apie ai jau ne ka ą esu samp o a ęs panašiomis p ogomis, plg. KB, 2005, 11, 57–58; LZAVēs-
o egoing conside a ions, he Commission concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.
Ta p bal is ikos i bal ici as, a ba užsienio bal is ikos klausimais
Insigh s om he Inspec o a e 263
3. The Bal ic S a es
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
In pa icula , o eign whi es a e obliged o use he common concep o bal ici y, i.e.
a sense o belonging and a common sense ha connec s whi es om he Bal ic and
non-Bal ic coun ies. Bal ic and Bal ic a e like wo poles be ween which ou dialogue
as Bal ic people be ween he Bal ic coun ies and ab oad akes place. The a e o
Bal ic s udies and disciplines ab oad depends bo h on he ac i i ies o indi idual
scien is s and on he policies o indi idual o eign uni e si ies. Howe e , i is no
sec e ha na ow special ies a e now h ea ened in uni e si ies a ound he
wo ld. Once again, allow me o use he he o ic o he e m "o chidean special ies"
coined in Ge many, and also o say ha his is exac ly how ep esen a i es o
o he (especially mo e powe ul) disciplines pe cei e Bal ic s udies ab oad. Many
people would be sa is ied i we augh no Bela usian philology, bu some (I would
say, bu some) gene al subjec o linguis ics. I 's no some hing o alk abou in an
apocalyp ic way, i 's some hing o alk abou in a sobe , objec i e way. A p esen ,
economic condi ions a e c ea ing a whole new undamen al di e ence be ween he
Bal ic and o eign Bal ic s a es and a e complica ing he si ua ion o he
humani ies e e ywhe e, in he Bal ic and non-Bal ic coun ies. Howe e , al hough i
is possible o assume ha he e will be no Bal ic suicides in he Bal ic coun ies,
he e is a se ious h ea o Bal icism as a discipline ab oad: i may disappea , and
hen i s u u e p ospec s will disappea . This h ea is pa icula ly e iden whe e
Bal ic s udies a e no solidly s uc u ed, and whe e Bal ic adi ions do no ye
exis , hei eme gence is complica ed. I is sel -e iden ha he u u e p ospec s
o o eign Bal ic s udies a e closely linked o ensu ing con inui y. The ques ion o
con inui y becomes pa icula ly acu e because he e may be no change when he
cu en p o esso e i es. And wo se, he e may be no change, no because he e
a e no well-p epa ed young specialis s, bu simply because he e a e no
app op ia e scien i ic policy solu ions. Fa om p ospe ing - excep pe haps in he
i s zone coun ies - elsewhe e in Eu ope, Bal ic s udies a e ying o a oid any
kind o " educ ion" and a leas main ain he cu en si ua ion.
4. he Bal ic S a es o he Bal ic Sea
I hink i is clea ha he su i al and suppo o o eign Bal ic li e a u e is
equal o he su i al and suppo o he Bal ic li e a u e o he Bal ic coun ies hemsel es. I can only be seen om he ou side.
du ski ingi dalykai. O kaip žinoma, išo ė y a apgaulinga.
PIETRO UMBERTO DINI
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI 264 is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
So he ques ion is, wha should we do o p ese e Bal ic s udies? I will no hide i , i
is easie o name hese p oblems han o sugges ways o sol e hem... The e is
no hing pa icula ly new he e. Howe e , a leas conside ing he p oblems and
ying o make sugges ions is necessa y.
I seems o me ha he ollowing measu es, which a e no decisi e bu use ul, could be aken:
• To design and each join cou ses (i.e. o s eng hen uni e si y
coope a ion and coope a ion) and o o ganise join mul idisciplina y s udies
a leas om he MA le el.
• To c ea e a join doc o al s udy p ojec by linking Bal ic s udies
depa men s ope a ing in di e en coun ies; Ideally, all he depa men s
should wo k oge he . To his end, use he possibili ies o Ko u elos and
exis ing in e na ional ag eemen s.
• O e a common Eu opean doc o al deg ee, o e ing di e en
oppo uni ies o coope a ion be ween coun ies acco ding o specialisa ions.
• P o ide sho - e m o long- e m unding o Bal ic lec u e s and
associa e p o esso s, as well as o o eigne s, o ensu e eaching i he
local uni e si y is unable o unwilling o use i s budge o his pu pose.
I 's easie o say wha you don' ha e o do, like:
• A oid alloca ing Eu opean Union p ojec unds o o eign uni e si ies
wi hou an explici commi men o ake o e unding a e he end o he
p ojec . This is a sho -sigh ed app oach because i can only be a was e o
money ( om a long- e m pe spec i e).
In addi ion, i is ad isable o s eng hen exis ing Bal ic ligh houses ab oad a he
han opening new ones. I is mo e sensible a his ime o concen a e ene gy and
unds, a he han sca e ing hem a ound he wo ld. Howe e , whe e i is s ill
possible o hink abou opening new cen es, i is wo h consul ing olde cen es
whe e he necessa y and al eady quali ied s a can be ound.
5.P ojec s7
In closing, I would like o publicly commend he wo k done he e and he e by he p e ious p ojec ,
Li huania, and in pa icula he head o he Depa men o Li huanian S udies and he head o
he p ojec , Lo e a Vilkienė, o he clea , co ec and balanced leade ship. The ac i i ies o he
cu en p ojec "P omo ing coope a ion be ween o eign Bal ic cen es and Li huanian
scien i ic and educa ional ins i u ions" (N . 09.3.1-ESFA-V-709-01-0002, alue 5,8 million eu os),
planned o 2017-2023, co e only mobili y. 7 This chap e is w i en pa ly on he basis o Ilya
Lemeškina's epo […]Ku leads o eign whi es-
ikos kelias?“, ku io eks as aip pa skelbiamas šiame žu nalo nume yje.