S aipsniai / A icles 153
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
Ka olio uni e si e as
Resea ch a eas: old Li huanian-Sla ic w i ing,
lexicog aphy, Bal ic his o y, ypology o he Czech-Sla ic
na ional e i al.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
RANKRAŠTINIO Li huanian language
AUTHOR o he speech
Audience: New ac s,
appea ing as an a o ney
Judgmen s o he Cou
EXPERTIZE1 Wha is he pu pose o his s udy?
The Ma e o Au ho ship o he Handw i en
Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language: he
New Findings Re ealed om a P o essional
Handw i ing analysis 2
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a chi al documen Li huanian Language Dic iona y (signa u e IV A 11) is kep in he Depa men
o Manusc ip s and Old P esses o he Lib a y o he Czech Na ional Museum. This manusc ip
lexicog aphic monumen is da ed o he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y. I has 1701 a icles. This
a icle analyzes he ques ion o he au ho ship o he dic iona y on he basis o ea lie s udies in
which F. L. Chelako sky is indica ed as a possible au ho o he dic iona y. The a icle p esen s he
new esul s o he judicial handw i ing examina ion ca ied ou in he Czech Republic. The e idence
in ques ion is based on he assump ion ha F. L. Čelako skis is he au ho o he manusc ip
dic iona y o he Li huanian language. This a icle was unded by he Cha les Uni e si y G an
Agency (GA UK). The p ojec Rukopisný slo ník li e š iny F an iška Ladisla a Čelako ská (No. 520317) is being ca ied ou by he Uni e si y o Cha les
Facul y o Philosophy.
The s udy was suppo ed by he Cha les Uni e si y, p ojec GA UK No. 520317.
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII 154 is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
These wo ds a e: handw i en dic iona y o he Li huanian language, F an išek
Ladisla Čelako ský, examina ion o cou w i ings, Li huanian s udies, Czech Bal ic s udies.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a chi al documen Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language (shel ma k IV A 11) is kep a he
Depa men o Manusc ip s and Ea ly P in ed Books o he Czech Na ional Museum Lib a y. This
handw i en lexicog aphic elic is da ed o he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y and in p e ious
con ains 1701 en ies. This a icle ocuses on he ma e o au ho ship o his elic ollow-
esea ch s udies, in which F. L. Chelako sky was sugges ed as he likely au ho . Čelako ský,
o he Dic iona y. The a icle p esen s new indings e ealed om a Czech p o essional
handw i ing analysis. The e idence discussed in he a icle is based on he assump ion ha
p o essional handw i ing analysis, Li huanians, Czech
KEYWORDS: handw i en Dic iona y o he Li huanian language, F an išek Ladisla
The Bal ic.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The Li huanian Language Dic iona y (Li e ský slo ník) […] a manusc ip monumen
o he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, p ese ed in he Depa men o
Manusc ip s and Old P esses o he Na ional Museum Lib a y (Oddělení ukopisů a
s a ých isků Kniho ny Ná odního muzea) signa ū a IV A 11, is a la ge 30 (21,5 × 35,5
cm) pape lea lexicog aphic wo k. This is a comple e philological and e ymological
s udy (a anged in alphabe ical o de om A o Z), con aining a o al o 1701
a icles. The hypo hesis ha he au ho o he lexicog aphical wo k could be
F an išek Ladisla Čelako ský i s appea ed in 2010 in Ilya Lemeškina's a icle
"The dic iona y o he Li huanian language by F an išek Ladisla Čelako ský", in
which he au ho p esen ed his wo k o he scien i ic communi y (Lemeškin
2010). The a icle ocuses mainly on sol ing he p oblems o dic iona y da ing and
au ho ship (Lemeškin 2010: 99).
I. Lemeškinas d ew a en ion o he alse iden i ica ion o he assis an o he
Na ional Museum, F an išek Michalek Ba ošo Žodyno, in he desc ip ion o he
manusc ip monumen s o he Na ional Museum in P ague (Soupisu ukopisných
pamá ek Ná odního muzea P aze) […]A i inka ok. Neselmano 1850 m. dic iona y
(Ba oš 1926: 181) and aised se e al ques ions abou he meaning and na u e o
he Wo d, de e mined he ime o i s appea ance and p esen ed many a gumen s
p o ing ha he au ho o he Wo d could be F. L. Chelako sky. As a c ea i e
A icles by A icles 155
Rank aš inio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ys ės klausimas:
nauji ak ai, paaiškėję a liekan eismo ašysenos ekspe izę
esul o his Czech e i al, he Li huanian language dic iona y is men ioned in
o he wo ks3.
In he cou se o he wo k o I. Lemeškino wi h he disco e y o he a chi e, om
2017 o 2019 he de ailed analysis o he ocabula y o he Li huanian language was
ca ied ou by he p ojec o he Cha les Uni e si y G an Agency (GA UK) Ranking
Dic iona y o Li huanian Languages by F an išek Ladisla Čelako ský (Rukopisný slo ník li e š iny F an iška)
Ladisla Čelako ský) (N . 520317) was bo n in he illage o Ladisla Čelako ský.
Du ing he p ojec , he wo d was analyzed in he his o ical con ex o i s w i ing. The
main ask o he esea che s was o examine his a chi e as a philological pa in he
s udiją, aip pa bu o sp endžiamas jo au o ys ės klausimas. Šio y imo ezul-
a ai išsamiai p is a y i s udijoje Rank aš inis Lie u iškasis žodynas 19 a. pi mo-
con ex o Czech Bal ic s udies: he concep o imagina ion and he ques ion o
(Rukopisný Li e ský slo ník kon ex u české bal is iky p ní polo iny 19. s ole í:
au ho ship, he concep ual pu pose o he wo d and he ques ion o au ho ship,
published in he jou nal Ac a Musei Na ionalis P agae […] His o ia li e a um 65(1[…]2),
2020, 5[…]18. In o de o make he Li huanian language dic iona y accessible, an elec onic
da abase was c ea ed du ing he execu ion o he same p ojec , a ailable a
h p://lsc. .cuni.cz. In o de o con i m he ime o occu ence o he wo d as
lek y as nusp endė a lik i ašysenos ekspe izę, ku ios iš ados y a p is a omos
šiame s aipsnyje.
Taigi s aipsnio ikslas – de aliai p is a y i ekspe izės ezul a us, galinčius
de e mined by hei p edecesso , he in es iga o s con i med ha he au ho o he
wo d was he men ioned Czech Bal is . The a gumen s on he basis o which F. L.
Chelako sky is men ioned as he au ho o he a chi es in ques ion a e la gely based on
he wo ks o he i s p o esso o Sla onic li e a u e and science a he Uni e si y
o P ague and he su i ing co espondence. The Li huanian ocabula y i s pe ec ly
wi h he con ex o he in e es s and philological heses o his amous Czech li e a y
and scien i ic pe sonali y. The mos impo an ci cums ances a e: 1) he
co espondence o he ac o o his e i al, which e lec s he in e es in he Bal ic
ma e ial, one o he bes examples is he agmen o he le e o Jose Vlas imil
Kama y o o F. L. Čelako ski, which di ec ly e e s o he Li huanian ocabula y;
The ollowing is an exce p om he Encyclopaedia o Bela usian My hology (Be achew, 2012: 20), which
discusses he use o he wo d "Va os" in Li huanian ocabula y: In he a icle by Vaido Še e y, he
wo k o K is ijon Donelaičius in he Czech philology dic iona y (Še e is 2009) abou "donelai ism", which
appea ed in he Li huanian language dic iona y; In he bibliog aphy o Czech Bal ic li e a u e, which also
includes he au ho ship o F. L. Čelako ski (Čeladín, Blažek, Kabeláčo á, Sei lo á 305: 306).
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
156 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
2) ypologically simila lexicog aphical ac i i y o F. L. Čelako ski, wi h which he
Li huanian language dic iona y i s pe ec ly (e.g., he Palabės language
dic iona y (Slo ník polabš iny), addi ions o he dic iona y o Jose Jungmann,
e c.); 3) he idea o he iden i y o he Li huanian language dic iona y and o he
(p z., min ys, išsaky os F. L. Čelako skio paskai ose, pi mą ka ą
wo ks o F. L. Chelako sky published in 1877, S udies on he educa ion and
li e a u e o Sla ic peoples (Č ení o počá cích dějin zdělanos i a li e a u a
ná odú slo anských), which a e ela ed o he p oblems o e hnogenesis and
glo ogenesis o he Bal ic Sla s); 4) he non-a i ma ion o he assump ions o
o he pe sons who could ha e composed he Li huanian language dic iona y (e.g.
Ka lo Ja omí E ben, whose name is w i en in pencil on he on page o he Dic iona y).
All he a gumen s men ioned, consis en ly discussed in he ea lie s udies, a e
impo an and essen ial. Based on he in e es o F. L. Chelako sky in ansla ions
and his o he lexicological ac i i ies, based on he da a ob ained om his
ma da y i p ielaidą, kad p ie Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ius p adėjo di b i apie
1825 me us i ėliau jo ašymą ęsė (plačiau ž . Lemeškin 2010). A k eipian dė-
co espondence, i is possible ha he spelling ules on he basis o which he
esea ch handw i ing and he inpu s we e w i en, ansc ibed om he
Neselmanian dic iona y in 1851, i is clea ha he analyzed e sion o he Li huanian dic iona y was compiled a ound 1850.
The me hodology
The indings o he cou 's w i en examina ion could dispel doub s and p o ide
eliable p oo o au ho ship. This would only happen i he iden i ica ion o he
au ho o he manusc ip unde in es iga ion was ully con i med. Howe e , e en
i he esul s o he examina ion o he cou 's handw i ing ejec F. L.
Čelako ski as he au ho o he Li huanian-language dic iona y a ian a ailable,
his does no mean ha F. L. Čelako ski is no he au ho o his handw i ing
monumen . I is no su p ising ha he o iginal e sion o he Wo d, compiled in
he hi d decade o he nine een h cen u y, may ha e been ew i en in abou
1851 by ano he pe son in he ield o philology, o example, one o he ollowe s
o F. L. Chelako sky o simply a p o essional ansla o . I is likely ha he idea o
p in ing he Wo d a ose a ha ime. The in es iga o s' collec i e, wishing o
ca y ou a o ensic examina ion, applied o he ecognised o ensic expe
JUD .4 Ji žį S ak, handw i ing specialis , chai man o he Czechoslo ak cou
handw i ing expe associa ion and cu en c iminal associa ion. J. S aka
employs 4 JUD . in his ield. Doc o o Law.
A icles o he 157 h a icle
Rank aš inio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ys ės klausimas:
nauji ak ai, paaiškėję a liekan eismo ašysenos ekspe izę
o mo e han o y yea s. The specialis wo ked a he P ague Ins i u e o
ins i u e, Aukš osios Ka lo i Va ų mokyklos K iminalis ikos i eismo ekspe i-
C iminology and also pe iodically wo ks in he eam o ad ise s o he Minis e o
Jus ice in he ield o cou documen s. I is impo an o men ion ha J. S aka
has expe ience in his o ical manusc ip esea ch using handw i ing me hods. As an
example, one can men ion he in es iga ion o he sho s o y Kiauliena is o ija
(Vepřo á his o ie) by he Czech w i e Ja osla Hašek (1883-1923), w i en a he
beginning o he 20 h cen u y, ound in 2002 in he inhe i ance o he mo he o
Old žich T eglio, he au ho . His o ical handw i ing analysis is no a e y common
ield o c iminological esea ch. The e o e, he e a e no many specialis s in
callig aphy who ha e de o ed hemsel es o his wo k. As an independen esea ch
me hodology, he p oblem o he necessi y o he language o c iminological
esea ch a ose as ea ly as he second hal o he 19 h cen u y [...] when new
objec i e scien i ic me hods o iden i ying he pe son who commi ed he c ime
we e sough (Rynge ič 2000: 123). The e o e, esea che s o old w i ings use
c iminologis s o help hem. This p ac ice was used by Diego A doin in his s udy o
he o igins o he Basel puzzle5 o ea lie by Rū os Čapai ės (LDK Vy au as aš inės go ikinio aš o, Simon Daukan o and k . w i ing s udies)6 and Bi u ės T iškai ės (Rank aš inio
The analysis o he small Li huanian wo d Cla is Ge manico-Li h ana)7 and he
esea ches o o he scien is s.
Ano he impo an poin is ha he a chi e in ques ion is condi ionally new, w i en
in he second qua e o he nine een h cen u y (be o e 1851), compa ed o he
a o emen ioned esea ch ex s (Lemeškin 2010: 112). I he ques ion o iden i ica ion
o he handw i ing a ises, on he one hand, his condi ion acili a es he
in es iga ion, on he o he hand, i equi es a la ge scope o he ma e ial unde in es iga ion.
This ield o p ac ical science has de eloped independen ly in each coun y, so
he e is no uni o m e minology, al hough he me hods and ools used may
coincide o be simila .
This a icle is pa o a se ies on he Czech Republic's adi ion o c iminology and linguis ics,
which was published by A doin Diego Bazelli in his book The T aces o In e disciplina y Resea ch: A
W i en Expe ise. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
6 h o July 1996: Ju gio Amb aziejaus Pab ėžos, Juozo Bu a ičiaus, Simono Daukan o B aaižai and he
cha ac e s. […] S udy o he his o y o he ebi h o Li huania 8: Pe sonali y: be ween na ion and
s a e, Vilnius: Scien i ic and encyclopedic publishing house, 114[…]142; Čapai ė Rū a 1996a: Simon
Daukan o's w i ings in he G ea Dic iona y o Polish Languages, […] Simon Daukan o's w i ings. La ge
Polish-language dic iona y 3, Vilnius: Science and encyclopedic publishing house, 719; Čapai ė Rū a 1996b:
amžių epis olinio žan o pa yzdys. – Senoji Lie u os li e a ū a, 4 knyga. Me aščiai i kunigaikščių
Le e s o Vy au as as Vidu laiškai, Vilnius: P adai, 4796.
7 T iškai ė Bi u ė 2008: Rank aš inio Mažosios Lie u os žodyno Cla is Ge manico-Li h ana genezė:
doc o al disse a ion, Kaunas: Vy au as Didžiojo Uni e si y Publishing House. This is he i s ime ha he i le has been published.

GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
158 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
e minija i jos aikoma y imų eiga. Dėl minė ų p iežasčių čia p is a oma k i-
he analysis o he expe ise o mine al w i ing may di e om he me hods used in
Li huania. In some cases, i is da ing o say ha he ins umen al used by J. S akos
co e s a b oade con ex o e alua ion o he ex being analyzed. Some speci ic
e ms had o be ansla ed, wi h explana ions o wha hey mean ( o example,
aška imas). In an a emp o ansc ibe he indings o one o he bes Czech
c iminal w i ing expe s in o he language and e minology used by Li huanian
specialis s, mo e unce ain ies a ose han in ou chosen way o desc ibing i . Fo his
ype o esea ch, he Czech Republic applies a conclusion scale o 8:1. A ca ego ically
posi i e conclusion ( he de endan and he compa a i e ex we e w i en by he
same pe son).
2. Labai ikė ina eigiama iš ada.
3. Vidu iniškai ikė ina eigiama iš ada.
4. Mažai ikė ina eigiama iš ada.
5. Impossible o p o e.
6. A nega i e ou come is unlikely.
7. A e age expec ed nega i e ou come.
8. Highly likely nega i e ou come.
9. ca ego ical nega i e conclusion ( he de endan and he compa a i e ex
we e w i en by di e en pe sons).
The esea che s used se e al me hods o analysis: analy ical-syn he ic,
compa a i e and g aphome ic, s e eoscopic mic oscopy, a came a wi h a
pola izing il e ha elimina es e lec ions and enables p ecise measu emen s
(AM4113ZT), a USB came a (AD4113T-I2V-PRO2 wi h IR and UV spec ome e s), a
mul ispec al de ec o (HS3B) and a d awing and w i ing obo .
AxiD aw V3 (S aka 2018: 2) has been eleased.
The TYRIMO EIGA
Pi mosios konsul acijos dėl eismo ašysenos ekspe izės p asidėjo 2017 me-
In he au umn o ha yea , he wo k con inued he ollowing yea . The inal epo o he s udy
was submi ed o he in es iga o s in Sep embe 2018. A he e y beginning o he coope a ion,
he eam o esea che s was wa ned ha wo king wi h his kind o ma e ial would encoun e many
di icul ies, since esea ch on 19 h-cen u y w i ing monumen s o es ablish he au ho 's
au ho ship is unique in he Czech Republic. This is he i s ime ha he me hodology has been
es ed in he ield. h p: www.pismoznalec i.o g www.pismoznalec i.o g www.pismoznalec i.o g
www.pismoznalec i.o g www.pismoznalec i.o g The specialis wo king wi h oday's ma e ial is
e u/ [žiū ė a 2020-05-18].
A icles by A icles 159
Rank aš inio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ys ės klausimas:
nauji ak ai, paaiškėję a liekan eismo ašysenos ekspe izę
based on mode n minds. When dealing wi h his o ical ma e ial, he lacks he expe ience o iden i ying
ašysenos ypa umais i aiko a i inkamus eismo ašy inės ekspe izės ins u-
ce ain ea u es o he w i ing o he pe iod, he knowledge o he use o wo ds and hei
meanings. Fo he easons lis ed, i is possible o es ablish he signs o handw i ing in de ense o
one's opinion, bu wi hou a b oade con ex , i is impossible o p o e he co espondence o
eali y.
In ca ying ou he analysis o he cou 's handw i ing, i was necessa y o c ea e
such means as o minimise he occu ence o he p oblema ic issues men ioned. To
his end, he expe o he cou asked he main p ojec in es iga o s o ind and
p o ide, along wi h he e alua ion and compa ison ma e ials ( he au og aph o
Zhodyn and F. L. Chelako sky), examples o o he pe sons who w o e a a simila ime,
who had a simila educa ion, p o essions such as F. L. Chelako sky. These we e
necessa y in o de o he expe o be able, i s o all, a e analysing he
handw i ing o hese pe sons, o de e mine whe he he handw i ing was
su icien ly indi idual and had ce ain cha ac e is ics o allow hem o be eliably
dis inguished om each o he du ing he pe iod unde conside a ion. Fo his
pu pose, he eam o esea che s p o ided he expe wi h he ollowing
handw i en documen s in he o m o high-quali y pho ocopies: (1) Le e s o Ka el
Sla os Ame lingo, Osip Maksim Bodianski, Kazimie z B odzinski, Jeano de Ca o, Pio
Dub o ski, Jose o Vlas imil Kama y o, Vuko Ka adzic, Pio Keppen, F an išek
Male gun, Nikola Melono , F an išek Palack and Aleksand Šiko , which a e kep in he
a chi es o he Na ional Museum o W i ing o LA.
The Fund o F. L. Chelako sky;
2) Pa elo Joze o Ša a žiko Iš ašų apie lie u ių kalbą (Wýpisků o gazyku
li ewském) 1833 me ų nuo ašą, saugomą Nacionalinio muziejaus
The lib a y's a chi es and a chi al a chi es a e loca ed in he a chi es
sec ion o he lib a y (Signa u e IX E 4). 3) P o ocols o he Royal Czech
Scien i ic Socie y, w i en by Václa Hanko, kep in he a chi es o he Czech
Academy o Sciences ( unded by he Royal Czech Scien i ic Socie y, olde 10,
no. 26); On Augus 8, 1846, Cha les Ja omi E ben w o e a le e o he Impe ial
Royal P esidency o he Republic o Hunga y, which is kep in he a chi es o
he Na ional Museum (signa u e M64).
The sou ces ci ed o he compa ison led o he ollowing conclusions: "By he
i s hal o he nine een h cen u y, handw i en ex s we e indi idualized o he
lėjo bū i a ski iami ienas nuo ki o. Taigi nė a kliūčių, kad F an išeko Ladisla o
Čelako skio, kaip ašiusiojo i iamąjį ank aš į, ašysenos nebū ų galima a ski i
ex en ha hey o e whelmed he handw i ing o o he s" (S aka 2018: 12).
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
160 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In addi ion o he a chi es lis ed, he expe was also p o ided wi h copies o
F. L. Chelako sky's le e s, which can be compa ed wi h he manusc ip o
Zhodyno and F. L. Chelako sky's au og aph ( he da es o hei w i ing co e a
su icien ly long pe iod (1818-1851)).
Bu o pa eik i šie šal iniai:
1) Laiškai Jose ui Vlas imilui Kama y ui 1818–1828 m. (LA PNP,
. J. V. Kama ý );
2) Le e s o Ma in Alexande P zybyl in 1842-1845 (LA PNP,
bo n F. L. Čelako ský);
3) Le e s o Jan Planek om 1820 o 1851 (LA PNP, bo n F. L. Čelako ský). In he
pa o he conclusions, J. S aka poin ed ou ha […]compa ing he Li huanian
dic iona y manusc ip wi h o he examples o he handw i ing o F an išek
Ladisla Čelako ski, a ious signs o alue we e ound. Pa ially o comple ely
ma ching ea u es domina e, bu , ne e heless, some ha a e no su icien ly
simila ha e been ound. Wha is impo an is ha hese ea u es we e no in he
gene al bu in he special pa o he esea ch [...] Howe e , he main di icul y in
dealing wi h he coincidence o speci ic ea u es is no he iden i ica ion o
ce ain de ails, whe he a he gene al o special le el o in es iga ion, as is done
in dealing wi h mode n manusc ip s, bu he compa ison o indi idual le e o ms wi h handw i ing s anda ds.
Ma ches o he lines
In he in oduc ion o he analysis, J. S aka discussed he pa ial o comple e
coincidence o he ea u es o he handw i ing in he in oduc ion o he
conclusions o he analysis documen : 1) he alignmen o he le e s: in he
eks uose ašysena isu y a pas i usi į dešinę, dažniausiai apie 50°,
analyzed manusc ip and in he compa a i e ex s 2) he connec i i y o he
le e s: he le el o he le e s is a e age in bo h he analyzed manusc ip and
he o he ex s submi ed o he s udy. Mos o en, diac i ical ma ks a e
w i en sepa a ely, in a di e en mo emen ; In he emaining cases,
in e up ed handw i ing mo emen s occu less equen ly, 3) heigh a ios: he
dažnai y a suspaus a,
a ea o he middle o he ow, compa ed o he uppe and lowe , 4) wid h a ios:
in he manusc ip being analyzed and compa ed, in he examples gi en, w i en
abou 1850, he seconda y sp ead o he le e s agains he i s […] he
conjunc ion be ween he le e s is wide han he le e s hemsel es.
(5) coincidences in w i ing echnique: (a) he complexi y o he spelling
o he le e s <a>, <o> o al: he le e <a> o al in he a ious posi ions
is w i en in one spelling, while in he a o emen ioned ex s he le e
<o> is w i en in one spelling o he o al; and
A icles o he T ea y
Rank aš inio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ys ės klausimas:
nauji ak ai, paaiškėję a liekan eismo ašysenos ekspe izę
O al-shaped, w i en in wo mo emen s, especially a he end o a wo d (see igu e).
1 and 2), b) he spelling o he le e < d>: acco ding o he spelling s anda d,
he uppe pa s a e lined up a he le o he insc ip ion is lined up a he
le . In he abo e example, we' e used he same pa e n o each o he wo
le e s, bu we' e used he same pa e n o each o he wo le e s, bu
we' e used he same pa e n o each o he wo le e s.
Figu e 1: Examples o signs ha coincide in he Li huanian ocabula y.
Lie u ių kalbos žodynas, žodis „bohyně země“ (bend os nume acijos eil.
N . 163, aidės B – eil. N . 104)
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
168 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII E idence o a coincidence wi h he
manusc ip s o F. L. Čelako ski. Due o he ac ha he no ms o spelling changed
equen ly and some imes subs an ially a ha ime, and due o he lack o
a ailable knowledge on his subjec , i is no possible o explain unequi ocally he
impac o hese changes on he speci ic case o he w i e , coincidences canno be
ea ed as eliable as hey could be ecognized in he s udy o mode n manusc ip .
Fo all he abo e easons, he mos objec i e is he conclusion o he cou 's
w i en examina ion ha he au ho ship o F. L. Čelako ski as a w i e o he
Li huanian language dic iona y a chi e is posi i e, co esponding o he de ini ion
o mode a ely expec ed (S aka 2018: 27).
Acco ding o he e alua ion scale gi en abo e, he expe 's e alua ion
co esponds o he hi d poin ou o he nine. A posi i e conclusion is eached
when he e idence suppo s he asse ion ha he dispu ed and compa a i e
ma e ial was w i en by he same pe son. Ne e heless, he indica ions
e ealed a e insu icien o d aw a posi i e conclusion wi h high p obabili y […]10.
In he inal pa , J. S aka desc ibed he analysis as ollows: […]Ap a iamują
a chy aliją, i.e. I is expec ed ha F an išek Ladisla Čelako ský, bo n on 7
Ma ch 1799 and died on 5 Augus 1852, whose manusc ip s ha e been examined o
me, w o e he dic iona y o he Li huanian language (signa u e IV A 11), he
o iginal o which is kep in he Depa men o Manusc ip s and Old P esses o
he Na ional Museum.
The Appendices
and inal names
Examina ion o cou documen s by JUD . M . S akos, he indings a e eliable. J. S aka ound ha
he au ho ship o F. L. Chelako sky is "p obably possible". In pa o in whole, hese ea u es o he
spelling coincide wi h hose o F. L. Chelako sky and he pe son who w o e he wo d: he alignmen o
he le e s, he combina ion o he le e s, hei heigh and wid h a ios, coincidences, he
no iceable le e s <a>, <o>, <d>, <g>, <j>, <m>, <n>, <p>, he spelling o he pe son in he La in
alphabe , he a e < > ma ches, he iden i ica ion o he spelling is o li le impo ance, he
no iceable le e s <e>, <l>, <u>. The ollowing signs a e mo e di icul o explain: he spelling o
diac i ical knobs, he ex ension o he end o wo ds, he spelling o he le e […]z>, he spelling o
he sample […]s > and […] aška[…]. I can be assumed ha hese di e ences we e in luenced by he
inding o ce ain 10 h ps:
www.pismoznalec i.o g/odbo ne-cinnos i-s anda dy-spp/s anda d-p o-s ano o ani-za-
e u/ [žiū ė a 2020-05-18].

S aipsniai / A icles 169
Rank aš inio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ys ės klausimas:
nauji ak ai, paaiškėję a liekan eismo ašysenos ekspe izę
a ound he pe son who w o e he wo d, which in some cases makes he signs
o he spelling impossible o explain unequi ocally. O he ac s ela ed o his
Czech pe sonali y, discussed in de ail in ea lie s udies, should also be aken
in o accoun . O cou se, i 's in he mind.
In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned wo ks, he e a e also a numbe o o he
wo ks o he Li huanian language, which a e ypologically close o he wo k
o he Li huanian schola , and simila ideas exp essed no only in he
Li huanian language dic iona y, bu also in o he wo ks o he Czech
Renaissance schola .
Nemažiau s a bu i ai, kad y imų me u bu o a mes a p ielaida, jog a chy-
aliją galėjo pa ašy i ku is no s ki as o me o y ėjas.
Asmenybių, galėjusių pa ašy i okio pobūdžio žodyną čekiškoje e d ėje
In he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, he e's no much. Minis K. J. E benas (1811-1870)
was a amous Czech w i e who, like F. L. Čelako ský, d ew ideas om he wo ks o
he o al people. Howe e , he way K. J. E ben uses he Bal ic ma e ial in his
scien i ic wo ks sugges s ha he was no an expe ienced Li huanian specialis . A
mo e con incing explana ion o he commen "E ben?" w i en wi h a pencil on he
i le page o he a chi e in ques ion, I hink, could be ha i is a ma k used o
in e nal a chi al pu poses. This explana ion is also suppo ed by he ac ha K. J.
E ben wo ked as he i s head o he hen es ablished Regional A chi e (A chi
Vlas enecký, since 1848 he A chi e o he Czech Museum, now he A chi e o he
Na ional Museum) in 1846-1851.
The lis o possible Li huanian-language dic iona y au ho s should no exclude
he candidacy o he amous linguis and Bal icis Pa el Jose Ša a žikos
Tačiau šiuo a eju galimybę paneigia analizuojamo eikalo sanda a. Lie u ių kal-
(1795-1861). The wo d bosyn s ands ou o i s appa en oman ic mo i a ion and
is in luenced by endencies ypical o he pe iod. He belie es ha al hough i is
impossible o ejec he assump ion ha P. J. Ša a žikas could ha e decided o
w i e a dic iona y o he Bal ic Sla ic languages, i is mo e likely ha he would
ha e aken on his ask mo e esponsibly. O cou se, o he 19 h-cen u y
pe sonali y candida es can also be conside ed, no only he con empo a ies o
F. L. Chelako sky, bu also his disciples and ollowe s. Among hem, o example,
g a ijos11, išleis os 1855 me ais, au o ius. Tačiau s ingan šią p ielaidą pa i in-
a e men ioned Ignacy Jan Hanus (1812-1869), he i s o F. L. Chelako sky's
noma, kad į šį klausimą oliau gilin is ne e a.
11 Hanuš Ignác Jan 1855: Ži o a působení F an iška Ladisla a Čelako ského, P aha: Tisk umělec-
bio iny p oo s, ega dless o I. J. Hanus o in he case o someone else, he mako-knih iskařského ús a u o K. Bellmann.
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
170 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I is impo an , howe e , ha in he esul s o he c iminal examina ion, F. L.
Chelako sky was named as he c ea o o he " us wo hy" manusc ip .
Despi e he ac ha i is no comple ely uled ou he possibili y ha he
dic iona y o he Li huanian language in he o m in which i is a ailable was
ew i en by ano he pe son, he iden i ica ion o au ho ship as "a e age"
( aking in o accoun he di icul ies a ising om analyzing he sou ces), we ha e
ano he e y impo an de ail con i ming he au ho ship o F. L. Chelako sky,
con i med by compa ison wi h he su i ing wo ks o he Czech li e a y and scien i ic e i al.
Despi e he ac ha he w i en examina ion did no es ablish ha F. L.
Čelako skis is undoub edly a pe son who w o e he ocabula y o he Li huanian
language and canno be i mly ecognized as i s au ho , om a concep ual poin
o iew, he au ho ship o F. L. Čelako ski can be conside ed p o en.
ŠALTINIAI
Li e ský slo ník. Kniho na Ná odního muzea, oddělení ukopisů a s a ých isků, signa-
ū a IV A 11.
Lemeškin Ilja 2018: Vyjádření k psané podobě „Li e ského slo níku“, P aha.
S anda p o s ano o ání zá ě ů znaleckého zkoumání. P ieiga in e ne e: h ps://www.
pismoznalec i.o g/odbo ne-cinnos i/s anda dy-spp/s anda d-p o-s ano o ani-za e-
u/ [žiū ė a 2020-05-18].
S aka Jiří 2018: Znalecký posudek z obo u písmoznalec í, specializace uční písmo,
zabý ající se o ázkou zda předmě nou a chi álii, j. Li e ský slo ník (sing.: IV A 11), jehož
o iginál je uložený Oddělení ukopisů a s a ých isků Kniho ny Ná odního muzea, napsal
F an išek Ladisla Čelako ský, na ozený 7. března 1799 a zemřelý dne 5. s pna 1852, P aha.
LITERATŪRA
Ba oš F an išek Michálek 1926: Soupis ukopisů Ná odního musea P aze, P a-
ha: Melan ich.
Bě ʼáko á Ma a E a, Blažek Václa 2012: Encyklopedie bal ské my ologie, P a-
ha: Lib i, 2012.
Čeladín Jindřich, Blažek Václa , Kabeláčo á Te eza, Sei lo á E a 2016:
Čekų bal is ikos bibliog a ija. – Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 74, 305–351.
Lemeškin Ilja 2010: F an išeko Ladisla o Čelako skio lie u ių kalbos žodynas. –
Leksikog a ija i leksikologija 2, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 98–113.
S aipsniai / A icles 171
Rank aš inio Lie u ių kalbos žodyno au o ys ės klausimas:
nauji ak ai, paaiškėję a liekan eismo ašysenos ekspe izę
Pleskalo á Jana 2007: Nabodeníčka české ling is ické e minologii. – Sla ica Slo-
aca 42(2), 147–151.
Rynge ič Rena a 2000: Ling is inė ekspe izė Vokie ijoje i Lenkijoje: aidos en-
dencijų apž alga. – Ju isp udencija 18(10), 122–128.
Še e is Vaidas 2009: K is ijono Donelaičio kū yba čekų ilologijos aki a yje. – Se-
noji Lie u os li e a ū a, knyga 28, Vilnius: Lie u ių li e a ū os i au osakos ins i u as,
41–62.
The Ma e o Au ho ship o he Handw i en
Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language: he
New Findings Re ealed om a P o essional
Analysis o he handw i ing
Summa y
The a icle add esses he au ho ship o he handw i en elic o he i s hal o he 19 h
cen u y […] The Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language (Li e ský slo ník) […] kep a he
Depa men o Manusc ip s and Ea ly P in ed Books o he Czech Na ional Museum Lib a y
(shel ma k IV A 11; 30 la ge- o ma (21.5 × 35.5 cm) pages). To con inue he esea ch o Ilya Lemkin
and o he esea che s, he p ojec "Li e a y dic iona y o he Li huanian language" (Li e a y
dic iona y o he Li huanian language) was dedica ed o a mo e de ailed analysis o he
dic iona y o he Li huanian language and was unded by he Cha les Uni e si y G an Agency.
Uni e si y om 2017 o 2019.
Au ho ship ela ed a gumen s had o be supplemen ed wi h he conclusions o a
p o essional handw i ing analysis ca ied ou by JUD . This is J. S aka. Expe S aka
used se e al analysis me hods: analy ic-syn he ic and compa a i e-g aphome ic. To
analyze he manusc ip s, he expe also eso ed o specialized equipmen . au ho ship is
In he inal pa S aka summa ized his analysis by he s a emen ha F. L. Čelako skýʼs
[…]p obable[…]. The ollowing ea u es ma ch in he handw i ing o bo h F. L. Čelako ský and
The Dic iona y au ho in pa o in ull: slan angle o le e s, cohe ence o le e s, heigh
and wid h a io; coincidence in he shapes o le e s <a>, <o>, <d>, <g>, <j>, <m>, <n>, <p>,
o in he La in sc ip is obse ed; he e is less coincidence in he w i ing o < >; ma ching
shapes o le e s <e>, <l>, <u>, which do no play an
GEDA MONTVILAITĖ, ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica LXXII 172 impo an ole in he analysis. The ollowing ea u es a e
mo e di icul o explain: he w i ing o diac i ical hooks; he ex ension o wo d endings; he
way o w i ing he le e <z>, he combina ion <s > and do ing. I can be assumed ha he
abo e di e ences we e de e mined by he in luences ha a ec ed he w i e in composing
The Dic iona y; Despi e he abo e, in some cases he ea u es canno be explained absolu ely
eliably. Al hough we canno comple ely ejec he possibili y ha he o m o The Dic iona y
o he Li huanian Language, which is a ou disposal, was ansc ibed by a di e en pe son,
he de e mina ion o au ho ship as "mode a ely likely" (bea ing in mind he di icul ies
ene a y and scien i ic wo ks o his Czech igu e o na ional e i al. Based on he indings o
coun e ed in he analysis o sou ces) is ye ano he e y impo an piece o he puzzle con-
i ming Čelako skýʼs au ho ship, which was es i ied by compa ing i wi h he su i ing li -
all he a ailable s udies on his opic, we may conside he au ho ship o F. L. Chelako sky a
p o en ac .
Deli e ed on 1 May 2020
This is GEDA MONTVILAIT.
This is ANNA TOLLAROVÁ
Facul y o Philosophy o he Cha les
Uni e si y. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I 's called Geda. Mon ilai [email
p o ec ed] anna. olla [email p o ec ed] is he name o he municipali y in which he municipali y is loca ed.