52 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO
Ins i u e o Philology, Ta as She chenko Na ional
Uni e si y o Kyi
Fields o esea ch: linguis ic concep ology, discou se
analysis, lexical seman ics, business communica ion, heo y o
ansla ion, linguodidac ics. o cid.o g/0000-0002-4325-1673
LILIIA BILAS
Ins i u e o Philology, Ta as She chenko Na ional
Uni e si y o Kyi
Fields o esea ch: Ame ican and B i ish a ea s udies, c oss-
cul u al communica ion, me hodology o eaching English.
o cid.o g/0000-0002-5514-9799
VIRA PONOMAROVA
Ins i u e o Philology, Ta as She chenko Na ional
Uni e si y o Kyi
Fields o esea ch: heo e ical phone ics, me hodology o
eaching o eign languages, CAT in eaching English. o cid.
o g/0000-0003-1880-4691
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.35321/all82-03
THE LEXICAL-SEMANTIC
GROUP ‘AUSSIE’ IN
CONTEMPORARY
AUSTRALIAN SLANG
Leksinė-seman inė „Aussie“ g upė
šiuolaikiniame Aus alijos slenge
S aipsniai / A icles 53
The Lexical-Seman ic G oup ‘Aussie’
in Con empo a y Aus alian Slang
ABSTRACT
The aim o he a icle is o s udy he lexical-seman ic g oup ‘Aussie’ in con empo a y
Aus alian slang (also s ine). The objec i es o he a icle a e o de e mine he seman-
ic s uc u e o he lexeme Aussie and ela ions be ween i s LSVs, o econs uc he LSG
‘Aussie’ and i s synonymous ows, o explo e i s ep esen a ion in lexicog aphical and
In e ne sou ces, as well as o make lexical-seman ic and s ylis ic analyses o he membe s
o he synonymous ows o i s LSVs. The conduc ed esea ch has asce ained ha he lex-
eme Aussie has ou meanings in Aus alian slang: he main one – ‘Aus alia’ ( he basic
sema ‘coun y’), he de i a i e ones – ‘an Aus alian’ / ‘Aus alian people’ ( he basic sema
‘inhabi an (s)’), ‘Aus alian English’ ( he basic sema ‘language’), ‘Aus alian dolla ’ ( he
basic sema ‘money’). The main and de i a i e meanings a e in lexical-seman ic ela ions
‘ he whole – he pa ’. Each meaning (LSV) o ms a synonymous ow o slang nomina ions –
wo ds and wo d combina ions in he ollowing nume ical ep esen a ion: ‘Aus alia’ – 13,
‘an Aus alian’ – 170, ‘Aus alian English’ – 4, ‘Aus alian dolla ’ – 45 lexical uni s. The
lexical-seman ic and s ylis ic analyses o synonyms ha e e ealed: a) he ways o hei o -
ma ion – by a ixa ion, compounding o bo h, clipping, abb e ia ion, hypoco is ic sho -
ening, blending, i e a ion; b) he naming p ocesses – by pe iph asis, me apho ic o me o-
nymic ans e ence, an onomasia, alli e a ion, assonance, onoma opoeia, hyming, ablau /
g ada ion, allusion; c) he seman ic ai s ha acili a e hei c ea ion – colou , size, ma e-
ial, unc ion, appea ance, social s a us, loca ion, clima e, pas ime, eeling.
KEYWORDS: Aussie, Aus alian slang, lexical-seman ic g oup (LSG), lexical-
seman ic a ian (LSV), synonymous ow.
ANOTACIJA
S aipsnio ikslas – iš i i leksinę-seman inę g upę „Aussie“ šiuolaikiniame Aus alijos
slenge ( aip pa žinomame kaip „s ine“, . y. aus ališkasis anglų kalbos a ian as). S aipsnio
ikslas y a nus a y i leksemos „Aussie“ seman inę s uk ū ą i jos LSV (leksinių-seman inių
a ian ų) yšius, ekons uo i „Aussie“ leksinę-seman inę g upę (LSG) i jos sinonimiškas
eiles, iš i i jos aizda imą leksikog a iniuose i in e ne o šal iniuose, aip pa a lik i jos LSV
sinonimų eilių na ių leksinę-seman inę i s ilis inę analizę. A lik as y imas pa odė, kad lek-
sema „Aussie“ Aus alijos slenge u i ke u ias eikšmes: pag indinė eikšmė – „Aus alija“
(pag indinė sema „šalis“), ediniai – „aus alas“ / „aus alai“ (pag indinė sema „gy en ojas
(-ai)“), „aus alų anglų kalba“ (pag indinė sema „kalba“), i „Aus alijos dole is“ (pag in-
dinė sema „pinigai“). Pag indinės i iš es inės eikšmės a sispindi leksiniuose-seman iniuose
san ykiuose „ isa–dalis“. Kiek iena eikšmė (LSV) suda o sinoniminę slengo nominacijų
eilu ę – žodžius i žodžių junginius, pa eik us šia skai ine o ma: „Aus alija“ – 13, „aus-
alas“ – 170, „aus alų anglų kalba“ – 3, „Aus alijos dole is“ – 45. Leksinė-seman inė i
s ilis inė sinonimų analizė a skleidė: a) jų o ma imo būdus – a iksus, dū inius, umpinius,
ab e ia ū as, hipoko is inius su umpinimus, maišinius (sulie us žodžius), (pa)ka ojimus;
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO, LILIIA BILAS, VIRA PONOMAROVA
54 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
b) į a dijimo p ocesus – pe i azę, me a o inius a me oniminius pe kėlimus, an onoma-
ziją, ali e aciją, asonansą, onoma opėją, imą, abliaciją / g adaciją, aliuziją; c) seman inius
b uožus, paleng inančius jų kū imą – spal ą, dydį, medžiagą, unkciją, iš aizdą, socialinę
padė į, ie ą, klima ą, p amogą, jausmą.
ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: Aussie, Aus alijos slengas, leksinė-seman inė g upė, leksinis-
seman inis a ian as, sinonimų eilė.
1. INTRODUCTION
Fo a long ime English has been s udied in i s only o m – BBC English
o he B i ish Recei ed P onuncia ion (RP); he o he name is he ‘Queen’s
English’. When con ac s became mo e pe sonal a he end o he 20 h – he
beginning o he 21s cen u ies due o he In e ne , mobile elephones, sa elli e
communica ion and o he elec onic de ices, social a ie ies o English ha e
a ac ed a en ion bo h o common people and schola s. The abo e-men ioned
con ac s in many cases a e s ipula ed, on he one hand, by he gene al endency
owa ds globaliza ion o he wo ld, and, on he o he hand, by genuine in e es
in he local peculia i ies o he egional alk.
Among he schola s who ha e ocused on Aus alian English, one can
hink o he wo ks by J. R. L. Be na d (1969), K. Bu idge and J. G. Mulde
(1999), P. Collins (2012), F. Cox (2006), D. Moo e (2008), e c. Among he
Uk ainian schola s i is wo h men ioning he con ibu ion by L. Bilas (2017)
and V. Pa ashchuk (2014). Though he au ho s conside Aus alian English
om di e en poin s o iew – phonological, s ylis ic, sociolinguis ic, his o ical,
e c. – ou p ima y a en ion is de o ed o hose publica ions ha elucida e i s
non-s anda d, e e yday, colloquial and slangy laye s.
The aim o he a icle is o s udy he lexical-seman ic g oup ‘Aussie’ in con-
empo a y Aus alian slang. The objec i es o he esea ch a e o de e mine
he seman ic s uc u e o he lexeme Aussie and ela ions be ween i s LSVs, o
econs uc he LSG ‘Aussie’ and i s synonymous ows, o explo e i s ep esen a-
ion in lexicog aphical and In e ne sou ces, as well as o make lexical-seman ic
and s ylis ic analyses o he membe s o he synonymous ows o i s LSVs.
2. BODY
2.1. P elimina y obse a ions
Aus alian English (AuE, AusE, AusEng, en-AU) is a ela i ely new e -
sion o he language ( he i s B i ish colony was se led in 1788 in he New
S aipsniai / A icles 55
The Lexical-Seman ic G oup ‘Aussie’
in Con empo a y Aus alian Slang
Sou h Wales p o ince in Aus alia) ha o igina ed om now- anished English,
he Sco ish and I ish dialec s, Cockney slang, abo iginal and o he languages
b ough o he con inen by i s dwelle s (Moo e, 2008). Aus alian English
began as koine o he second gene a ion o whi e se le s. J. Be na d e e s o
i as ‘p o o-b oad’ ha di e ged om a la ge-scale immig a ion in lux om
B i ain in he 1850-80s in o h ee iden i iable accen s: B oad, Gene al and
Cul i a ed (Be na d 1969). As i is s a ed on he ATMC Social Po al, gene al
accen ep esen s he mos common ype o English spoken in Aus alia; b oad
accen is usually desc ibed as mo e ex eme (and associa ed wi h wo king class
speech); cul i a ed accen is a p es ige a ie y somewha close o he B i ish RP
(al hough ac ual speake s o he la e a e in he mino i y) (3TAA 2018).
The Aus alian phone ician Felici y Cox belie es ha a p esen AusE
emb aces h ee g oups acco ding o he manne o p onouncing wo ds: S anda d
AusE, a ie ies o abo iginal English, e hnocul u al AusE dialec s (Cox 2006: 10).
The posi ion o Aus alian English is used o be u he de ined acco ding o
h ee ca ego ies: egional Aus alian dialec , a ian o S anda d English, inde-
penden na ional language o he Aus alian con inen (3TAADB 2011).
A p esen , Aus alians ope a e by hei own bulk o ocabula y which di e -
en ia es in o ce ain sublanguages o language laye s. This ocabula y bo owed
many wo ds spoken by B i ish and I ish con ic s ha a p esen ha e a ia ions
in hei meanings: bush – ‘a u al e i o y’, ma e – ‘a iend’ (B E ‘a spouse’),
paddock – ‘a ield’ (B E ‘a small enclosu e o li es ock’), s a ion – ‘a ca le o
sheep a m’, o ie up – ‘ o s ick o he pole’, e c. Some o he loanwo ds a e
conside ed unique: bluey – ‘a ed-headed pe son’, dinkum – ‘ ue, au hen ic’,
b umby – ‘a wild ho se’, dampe – ‘a simple kind o b ead’, sheila – ‘a woman’,
swagman – ‘a a ele ’. Some mo e wo ds a e inco po a ed om local abo iginal
languages as names o people: koo i – ‘an abo iginal pe son’, jacka oo – ‘an ag i-
cul u al wo ke ’; my hology: alche inga – ‘d eam ime’, bunyip – ‘a wa e mon-
s e ’, yowie – ‘an ape-like mons e ’; lo a and auna: bind-eya – coolibah (any o
se e al eucalyp s), bilby (a kind o a abbi ), galah (a pink and g ey cocka oo),
joey (a baby kanga oo), jumbuck (a sheep), kanga oo, koala, os ich, quokka and
wallaby (small and mid-sized kanga oos), quoll (a kind o a ma supial), yabby
(any o se e al eshwa e c ay ish); na u al phenomena: billabong – ‘an a m
o a i e made by wa e lowing om he main s eam’, bombo a – ‘a wa e
o med o e a ee o ock’, gilgai – ‘a e ain o low elie wi h hollows, ims,
and mounds’; a ms: boome ang; musical ins umen s: didge idoo, yidaki (wind
ins umen s); ac ions: cooee – ‘a high-pi ched call’, yakka – ‘ha d wo k’, bogey –
‘ o swim o ba he’, boo s’n’all – ‘ o do some hing wi h gus o’, e c.
Besides, Aus alians ha e hei own colou ul e nacula called s ine ha
o igina ed om Cockney slang and he I ish dialec o ea ly con ic s and
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO, LILIIA BILAS, VIRA PONOMAROVA
56 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
acqui ed he name o lash language. I is an in o mal, humo ous and me a-
pho ic sublanguage o he ebellious subcul u e ha e lec s he o iginali y o
he coun y. I is Aus alia’s g ea es c ea i e p oduc ha can be i onic and
sel -dep eca ing, bu also ude, c ude and c uel (Hampshi e 2010). Aus alian
slang, which is de ined as “in o mal language o speci ic wo ds used mainly in
spoken language” (100ASWP 2020), is ull o abb e ia ions, p o ani ies and
ulga isms, e.g.: a o ( o a e noon), Aussie ( o Aus alia o an Aus alian),
ABC ( o an Aus alian bo n Chinese), ba bie ( o a ba becue), doco ( o a doc-
umen ), oo y, oo ie ( o oo ball), smoko ( o smoking), elly ( o a ele ision),
G’day, gidday ( o Good day), BYO ( o b ing you own) meaning ‘people should
b ing hei own d inks, ood o desse ’ (AS); whi e maggo ( o an Aus alian
oo ball playe , de og.), wog ( o a pe son o Medi e anean o Middle Eas e n
descen , less de oga o y now bu s ill o ensi e) (TBGAS 2004: 120); p awn ( o
a ool pe son, abusi e) (MOAWI); piss ( o bee ), piss up ( o a pa y), pissed as
a new ( o d unk), a piece o piss ( o an easy alk) (UASD 2011: 46). The la e
nomina ions bea ulga and ude conno a ions.
In he Encyclopedia B i annica he no ion ‘slang’ is de ined by D. W. Mau e
as “uncon en ional wo ds o ph ases ha exp ess some hing new o some hing
old in a new way. I s colou ul me apho s a e gene ally di ec ed a espec abili y,
and i is his succinc , some imes wi y, equen ly impe inen social c i icism
ha gi es slang i s cha ac e is ic la ou ” (Mau e 2020). These wo ds co e-
spond o he de ini ion o slang by Uk ainian schola Lesia S a y s’ka: “Slang
is a linguis ic en i onmen o communica ion o a g ea numbe o people
which is e alua ed by he socie y as exp essi ely non-o icial, e e yday, amilia ”
(S a y s’ka 2005: 24). J. Hun e , he edi o o The T ue Blue Guide o Aus alian
Slang, ema ks: “Aus alians a e known o hei in o mali y and laid-back
na u e, and his is e lec ed in hei libe al use o colou ul and amusing slang”
(TBGAS 2004). Aussies a e a he libe al in hei language beha iou , hey use
jokes and me apho s, hymes, cu ses, dysphemisms, sexual innuendo, wo ds
exp essing idiosync asies. The Aussie slang has become a casual, in o mal, com-
mon alk o he coun y ha alues i ele an wi , humo , i ony and sel -dep e-
ca ion. Such ph ases as budgie smuggle s (‘a man’s swimming cos ume’), dingo’s
b eak as (‘no b eak as a all’), ducks on he pond (‘women a e coming’) (ASDKN
2018) became ypical o e e yday communica ion o na i e Aus alians.
2.2. Me hodology
The me hodology o he esea ch is based on he wo ks o Aus alian lexi-
cologis J. R. L. Be na d (1969) and phone ician Felici y Cox (2006) de o ed
S aipsniai / A icles 57
The Lexical-Seman ic G oup ‘Aussie’
in Con empo a y Aus alian Slang
o he egional and local a ie ies o AusE, i.e., i s p onuncia ion a ian s and
lexical-seman ic di e en ia ion. So, he esea ch is ocused on Aus alian slang
as a sociolinguis ic phenomenon. The me hodology applied includes he me h-
ods o wo d de ini ions and compa ison o meanings o slang wo ds in di e -
en lexicog aphical and In e ne sou ces, componen ial analysis o he lexeme
Aussie, lexical-seman ic and s ylis ic analyses o he membe s o he synony-
mous ows o LSVs. The heo e ical backg ound o he esea ch is suppo ed by
he gene ally accep ed idea o he sys emic o ganisa ion o a language o a sub-
language, Aus alian slang in pa icula . The p esump ion o his poin o iew
is based, on he one hand, on Fe dinand de Saussu e’s heo y o a language as a
hie a chical sys em o ela ions: “In a language e e y hing is based on ela ions”
(Saussu e 1916: 122) – linea / syn agma ic, pa adygma ic, associa i e, opposi-
ional, iden ical, equi alen , simila , complemen a y, con as i e, o inclusion /
exclusion, cause- esul , hyponym-hype onym, e c.; on he o he hand, on he
sys emic-s uc u al o ganisa ion o he language ocabula y in lexical-seman ic
ields (LSF), lexical-seman ic g oups (LSG), synonymous ows (SR), hema ic
g oups (TG), e c. (Le y skiy 2012: 271).
A lexical-seman ic g oup o wo ds is unde s ood as “a se o di e en ly s uc-
u ed uni s o med on he basis o he common seman ic ke nel which de e -
mines dependence and ela ions o i s elemen s as uni s o he language sys em”
(K ekhno 2005: 25). Acco ding o L. M. Vasilie , a lexical-seman ic g oup is
conside ed “a class o wo ds (lexemes) uni ed a leas by one lexical pa adig-
ma ic sema” (Vasilie 1971: 109).
P ominen Uk ainian schola V. V. Le i skiy p oposes se en di e en ial c i-
e ia o dis inguish an LSG om o he lexical mic osys ems, i.e.: 1) he lin-
guis ic / ex a-linguis ic de e mina ion o lexical links; 2) he ype o s uc-
u al ela ions (commu a ion / subs i u ion) in he amewo k o a mic osys em;
3) he ype and place o a g oup name; 4) he ma e ial / ideal deno a um; 5) he
disc e eness / non-disc e eness o nomina ed objec s o he eali y; 6) he ol-
ume o a g oup; 7) he con igu a ion o a g oup (one-, wo-, o h ee-dimen-
sional) (Le i skiy 2012: 269-283).
Acco ding o he i s wo c i e ia, an LSG is a mic osys em wi h non- ele-
an ela ions wi h objec s o he eali y, and hus, he a angemen o i s lexis
akes place on he basis o in e language ela ions – bo h synonymous and
an onymous. Acco ding o he o he c i e ia, an LSG includes he wo ds which
nomina e bo h ma e ial and ideal objec s, as well as wo ds wi h abs ac and
conc e e meanings; he lexical dominan is a wo d-membe o he g oup; he
elemen s o he g oup a e in he ela ions o commu a ion and subs i u ion;
he olume o he g oup comp ises a leas se e al membe s, and i has a wo-
dimensional con igu a ion.
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO, LILIIA BILAS, VIRA PONOMAROVA
58 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
As Russian lexicologis A. A. U im se a s a es, “ he basis o an LSG is a
wo d <…> in i s a iable and complex ela ions wi h o he dic iona y uni s”
(U im se a 2002: 4). Such a basic wo d (also name o seman ic dominan ) is a
polyseman ic lexeme. Each o i s lexical-seman ic a ian s o ms a synonymous
ow wi h o he wo ds which belong o his LSG. So, he lexical-seman ic s uc-
u e o a seman ic dominan o an LSG, acco ding o V. V. Le i skiy (2012:
280), can be illus a ed by he ollowing scheme:
↗ a1– a2– a3– a4– a5
A→ b¹ – b² –b³ – b4– b5
↘c¹ –c² –c³ – c4– c5
Scheme 1. Lexical-seman ic s uc u e o he seman ic dominan o an LSG
Acco ding o Scheme 1, symbol A ep esen s a polyseman ic basic wo d o
an LSG; he main LSV is ep esen ed by symbols a¹ – a² – a³, e c.; he emaining
LSVs – by symbols b¹ – b² – b³, e c. and c¹ – c² – c³, e c. co espondingly.
The nex s ep o s udying an LSG is o econs uc he seman ic s uc u e
o he basic wo d, o ace ela ions be ween i s LSVs, o compose synonymous
ows o each LSV, o make lexical-seman ic and s ylis ic analyses o synonyms.
2.3. Co pus da a
The ga he ed co pus da a comp ise au hen ic Aus alian slang dic iona ies,
ocabula ies, lexicons, i.e.: Aus alian Guide o Language (AGL), Aus alian
Slang (AS), Aussie Slang Dic iona y (ASD 2004), Aussie Slang Dic iona y. Koala.
ne (ASDKN 2018), Aus alian Slang and O he Local Lingo (ASOLL 2017),
Dic iona y o Aus alian Slang (DAS), Concise New Pa idge Dic iona y o Slang
and Uncon en ional English (CNPDSUE 2008), A Dic iona y o Aus alian
Wo ds and Te ms by G. W. Lawson (DAWT 1997), Meanings and O igins o
Aus alian Wo ds and Idioms (MOAWI), The T ue Blue Guide o Aus alian Slang
by J. Hun e (TBGAS 2004), The Ul ima e Aussie Slang Dic iona y (UASD
2011), Wo d up. A Lexicon and Guide o Communica ion in he 21s Cen u y
by M. McC indle and E. Wol inge (WLGC21C 2011), 100 Aus alian Slang
Wo ds and Ph ases (100ASWP 2020), 125 Aus alian Slang Wo ds and Ph ases.
A Guide o Aussie Slang (125ASWP 2015); In e ne esou ces connec ed wi h
he opic unde sc u iny: C ow-ea e s, Sandg ope s, Banana bende s, Co ns alks
and Mo e (CSBBCM 2016), E e Colou ul Aus alian Cu ency Slang Nicknames
(ECACSN), Holey Dolla s o G ey Nu ses by M. Gwynn (Gwynn 2014), Slang:
S aipsniai / A icles 59
The Lexical-Seman ic G oup ‘Aussie’
in Con empo a y Aus alian Slang
Wha Aussies call o he Aussies, by F. Po ah and A. Middle on (Po ah 2013),
Slang Te ms o Money. Cu en Denomina ions (STMCD), and he online pla -
o m o cla i ying he meaning o pa icula slang wo ds: B owse he Aussie
Slang Dic iona y (BASD 2020).
2.4. Recons uc ion o he LSG ‘Aussie’
The LSG ‘Aussie’ has been selec ed o he analysis om such conside a ions:
i is nomina ed by a polyseman ic wo d (wi h a leas ou meanings) as well
as i possesses he mos nume ous numbe o synonyms (231 lexical uni s) in
compa ison wi h o he nomina ions (spo s and games – 50, place names – 40,
poli ics – 24, mili a y ma e – 19) acco ding o ou calcula ions o slang uni s
in he ma e ial esea ched.
The nex s eps, wi h e e ence o he abo e-exposed me hodology, a e o
elucida e he meanings / LSVs o he wo d Aussie, o econs uc i s seman ic
s uc u e ( o de e mine he main and de i a i e semas and ela ions be ween
hem), o build synonymous ows o each LSV acco ding o he explo ed lexi-
cog aphical and o he ele an sou ces.
Thus, he lexeme Aussie is lexicog aphically eco ded wi h he ollowing
meanings: 1) ‘Aus alia’ (MOAWI); 2) ‘Aus alian’ (AS; ASDKN 2018; MOAWI;
UASD 2011: 15), ‘an Aus alian’ (DAS), ‘Aus alian people’ (TBGAS 2004:10);
3) ‘Aus alian English’ (MOAWI); 4) ‘Aus alian dolla ’ (MOAWI).
The main meaning o he wo d Aussie is ‘Aus alia’, he o he s – ‘an Aus alian
/ Aus alian people’, ‘Aus alian English’, ‘Aus alian dolla ’ – being i s de i -
a i es. They o igina ed on he basis o he main meaning by me onymic ans-
e ence and co espond o i as ‘ he pa ’ o ‘ he whole’, hus o ming he lexi-
cal-seman ic ela ions ‘ he whole – he pa ’.
The i s meaning / LSV ‘Aus alia’ ( he basic sema ‘coun y’) o ms he ol-
lowing ow o synonyms ep esen ed by 13 lexical uni s: Bazzaland – ‘Aus alia’
(UASD 2011: 17); Down Unde – ‘Aus alia and New Zealand’ (ASDKN 2018);
The G ea Sou he n Land; The Land o he Long Weekend (TBGAS 2004: 65);
The Lucky Coun y – ‘a e m synonymous wi h Aus alia’ (ASDKN, 2018);
Ne e Ne e – ‘ he cen e o Aus alia’ (ASDKN 2018); Ou back – ‘ he in e io
Aus alia’ (ASDKN 2018); Oz – ‘Aus alia’ (ASD 2004; ASDKN 2018; DAS;
UASD 2011: 45); RARA – ‘ u al and egional Aus alia’ (TBGAS 2004: 86);
S aya – ‘Aus alia’ (125ASWP 2015), ‘sho o Aus alia’ (100ASWP 2020);
Top End – ‘ he a no h o Aus alia’ (ASDKN 2018); he wide b own land / he
sunbu n coun y – ‘ e e s o Aus alia’ (MOAWI).
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO, LILIIA BILAS, VIRA PONOMAROVA
60 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
The i s ow o synonyms is ep esen ed by slang uni s o med by: clip-
ping o he al eady exis ing wo d in a o m o a syncope – S aya (Aus alia);
abb e ia ion in he o m o an ac onym – RARA ( u al and egional Aus alia);
compounding – Bazzaland; i e a ion – Ne e Ne e ; enaming. Renaming p o-
duces pe iph ases on he basis o he ollowing seman ic ai s: ‘loca ion’: Down
Unde – Ou back – Top End, The G ea Sou he n Land; ‘clima e’: he sunbu n
coun y; ‘colou ’: he wide b own land; ‘pas ime’: The Land o he Long Weekend;
‘ eeling’: The Lucky Coun y, o allusion: Oz.
I is in e es ing o no e ha he nickname Bazzaland was o med unde he
in luence o he ca oon cha ac e Ba y (Bazza) McKenzie c ea ed by Ba y
Humph ies in 1973 (CNPDSUE 2008: 39). The place name Oz ep oduces in
w i ing he p onuncia ion o he oponym Aus alia. I s i s e idence as Oss
appea ed in 1908; occasionally, he wo d was w i en as Aus, bu p onounced
in he same way. P esumably, he o m was in luenced by ‘The Wiza d o Oz’
(sc eened on he plo o he ai y ale by L. F ank Baum), a ilm ha gained
wo ldwide popula i y in 1939. The i s eco d o he wo d Oz in he meaning
‘Aus alia’ was ma ked in he wa ime newsle e in 1944 (MOAWI). The pe iph-
asis The G ea Sou he n Land i s appea ed in he name o a single eleased by
he Aus alian ock band Icehouse in 1982; he wide b own land and he sunbu n
coun y o igina ed in he poem ‘My Coun y’ by Do o hea Mackella in 1908.
The second meaning / LSV ‘an Aus alian’ / ‘Aus alian people’ ( he basic sema
‘inhabi an (s)’) o ms he ollowing ow o synonyms ep esen ed by 170 lexical
uni s: ABC – ‘an Aus alian-bo n Chinese’ (AS); abo / boong – ‘an abo igine’
(AS); apple ea e – ‘someone om Tasmania’ (UASD 2011: 14); banana bende –
‘a pe son om Queensland’ (ASDKN 2018; UASD 2011: 16); b uce – ‘an Aussie
bloke’ (125ASWP 2015), bushie – ‘a bushman’ (ASDKN 2018; DAS; TBGAS
2004: 27; UASD 2011: 21); cabbage pa che – ‘a esiden o he s a e o Vic o ia’
(AS; UASD 2011: 21); cane oad – ‘someone om he s a e o Queensland’ (AS);
cock oach – ‘a pe son om New Sou h Wales’ (ASDKN 2018); c ow ea e / pie
ea e – ‘a Sou h Aus alian esiden ’ (AS; ASDKN 2018; UASD 2011: 44); dinky
di / dink / dinkum / idgy didge – ‘a genuine Aussie’ (AS; ASOLL 2017; DAS;
TBGAS 2004: 36; UASD 2011: 55); Eas e ne – ‘a pe son om he eas e n s a es’
(UASD 2011: 28); geebung – ‘a na i e bo n Aus alian li ing in a emo e a ea’
(UASD 2011: 32); gumsucke – ‘a esiden o he s a e o Vic o ia’ (UASD 2018:
33); Joe Bloggs, Joe Blow – ‘an o dina y Aussie’ (DAS; TBGAS 2004: 60); mag-
pie – ‘a Sou h Aus alian’ (UASD 2018: 41); mainlande – ‘a pe son om he
mainland o Aus alia’ (UASD 2011: 42); Mexican – ‘a pe son om he sou h
o Queensland o New Sou h Wales bo de ’ (ASDKN 2018); no m – ‘an a e -
age bloke’ (TBGAS 2004: 74); Oz – ‘an Aus alian’ (ASD 2004); sandg ope – ‘a
pe son om Wes e n Aus alia’ (AS; ASDKN 2018; UASD 2011: 50); swaggie
S aipsniai / A icles 67
The Lexical-Seman ic G oup ‘Aussie’
in Con empo a y Aus alian Slang
la e 20 h – he beginning o he 21s cen u ies; b) linguis ic cul u al – sou ces o
bo owing slang wo ds om di e en English dialec s, abo iginal and o he lan-
guages; c) social cul u al – o igin o slang wo ds in di e en social sphe es and
subcul u es: poli ics, business, a my, spo , In e ne communica ion, he alk o
con ic s, eenage s, bush ange s and beachcombe s.
REFERENCES
AGL – Aus alian Guide o Language. A ailable a : h ps://www.jus landed.com
[Accessed 5 Ma ch 2020].
AS – Aus alian Slang. Wes e n Aus alia Now and Then. A ailable a : www.wano.
wand hen.com [Accessed 7 Ma ch 2020].
ASD – Aussie Slang Dic iona y, 2004. A ailable a : www.mode nisms. ipod.com/
g oup/id15.h ml [Accessed 3 Ma ch 2020].
ASDKN – Aus alian Slang [Dic iona y]. Koala Ne . Upda ed 2018. A ailable a : www.
koalane .com.au/aus alian-slang.h ml [Accessed 9 Ma ch 2020].
ASOLL – Aus alian Slang and O he Local Lingo. Sydney Concie ge. Ma ch 14, 2017.
A ailable a : h ps://www.sydney.concie ge.com.au/aus alian-slang-dic iona y
[Accessed 2 Ma ch 2020].
BASD – B owse he Aussie Slang Dic iona y. Aus alia Day, 2020 [Online]. A ailable a :
www.aus aliaday.com.au [Accessed 10 Ma ch 2020].
Be na d J. R. L. 1969: On he Uni o mi y o Aus alian English. – O bis 18, 62-73.
Bilas Liliia 2017: Some Peculia i ies o Aus alian English in he F ame o Lingua-
Cul u al S udies. Scien i ic Resea ch P io i ies – 2017: heo e ical and p ac ical alue:
P oceedings o In e na ional Scien i ic Con e ence, 22–23 June, Nowy Sącz, Poland: Nowy
Sącz: Na ional-Lois Uni e si y, 37–38.
Bu idge Ka e, Mulde Jean Gail 1999: English in Aus alia and New Zealand: an
in oduc ion o i s his o y, s uc u e and use, Ox o d: Ox o d Uni e si y P ess.
CNPDSUE – Concise New Pa idge Dic iona y o Slang and Uncon en ional English,
T. Dalzell, T. Vic o (eds.), London, N. Y.: Rou ledge, 2008.
Collins Pe e 2012: Aus alian English: I s E olu ion and Cu en S a e: Uni e si y
o New Sou h Wales. A ailable a : h ps://ejou nals.epublishing.ek .g /a icle.pd
[Accessed 3 Feb . 2020].
Cox Felici y 2006: Aus alian English P onuncia ion in o he 21s Cen u y. – P ospec
21. 1, 3–21.
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO, LILIIA BILAS, VIRA PONOMAROVA
68 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
CSBBCM – C ow-ea e s, Sandg ope s, Banana bende s, Co ns alks and Mo e. Pos ed on
16 Feb., 2016. A ailable a : h ps://www.lone es e .com/2016/02/c ow-ea e [Accessed
3 Ma ch 2020].
DAS – Dic iona y o Aus alian Slang. A ailable a : www.aus alia a elsea ch.com.au/
c/slang.h ml [Accessed 5 Ma ch 2020].
DAWT – A Dic iona y o Aus alian Wo ds and Te ms, By G. W. Lawson, Sydney:
Uni e si y o Sydney Lib a y, 1997.
ECACSN – E e Colou ul Aus alian Cu ency Slang Nicknames. A ailable a : h ps://
www.no ewo hy-collec ibles.com [Accessed 7 Ma ch 2020].
Gwynn Ma k 2014: Holey Dolla s o G ey Nu ses. – Ozwo ds, Newsle e : Ox o d
Uni e si y P ess Aus alia. A ailable a : h ps://www.Ozwo ds.o g [Accessed 5 Feb .
2020].
Hampshi e Da id 2010: Li ing and wo king in Aus alia, 8 h ed., Sydney: In e na ional
P ess So com.
К еkhnо Тe iana 2005: Is o iya leksyko-seman ycnogo polia “pla y-poda ky-po -
ynnos i” uk ainskiy mo i ХУ-ХУІІІ s oli (na ма e ialakh uk ainskikh pamia ok):
hesis synopsis. 10.02.01 – Uk ainska mo a, Kha ki : KNU imeni V. N. Ka azina.
Le i skiy Vik o 2012: Semaseologiya: A monog aph o young esea che s, 2nd ed,
Vinny sa: No a Knyha.
Mau e Da id 2020: Slang. Encyclopedia B i annica. Upda ed 20 Feb . 2020. A ailable
a : h ps://ww.b inannica.com/ opic/slang [Accessed 7 Feb . 2020].
MOAWI – Meanings and O igins o Aus alian Wo ds and Idioms. A ailable a : h ps://
slll.cass.anu.edu.ua/cen es/and/ meanings-o igins [Accessed 9 Ma ch 2020].
Moo e B uce 2008: Speaking ou Language: The S o y o Aus alian English, Melbou ne:
Ox o d Uni e si y P ess.
Pa ashchuk Valen yna 2014: Leksychni zasobu e baliza siyi e noling ocul-
u nogo ypazhu A s alian Pe son / A s aliye s. – Nauko i zapysky KDPU. Se iya.
Filologichni nauky (mo ozna s o) 129, 81–86.
Po ah F ank, Middle on Amy 2013: Slang: Wha Aussies call o he Aussies, May
16, 2013. A ailable a : h ps://www.aus aliangeog aphic.com.au [Accessed 3 Feb .
2020].
Saussu e Fe dinand de 1916: Cou se in Gene al Linguis ics, Ch. Bally, A. Sechehaye
(eds.), T ansla ed by W. Baskin, N.Y., To on o, London: McG aw-Hill.
S aipsniai / A icles 69
The Lexical-Seman ic G oup ‘Aussie’
in Con empo a y Aus alian Slang
S a y s’ka Lesia 2005: А go, ja gon, sleng: So sialna dy e en sia siya uk ainskoyi mo y:
A monog aph, Kyi : К y ykа.
STMCD – Slang Te ms o Money. Cu en Denomina ions. A ailable a : h ps://en.wiki-
pedia.o g [Accessed 10 Ma ch 2020].
TBGAS – The T ue Blue Guide o Aus alian Slang, Ed. by J. Hun e , Sydney: New
Holland Publishing, 2004.
UASD – The Ul ima e Aussie Slang Dic iona y, 2011. A ailable a : www.bunbu yback-
packe s.com.au [Accessed 11 Ma ch 2020].
U im se a Аnna 2002: Leksicheskoye znacheniye: P in syp semiologicheskogo opisaniya,
Моscow: Naukа.
Vasilie Leonid 1971: Teo iya seman icheskikh poley. – Vop osy yazykoznaniya 5,
105–113.
WLGC21C – Wo d up. A Lexicon and Guide o Communica ion in he 21s Cen u y, By
M. McC indle, E. Wol inge , Canbe a: Hals ead P ess, 2011.
3TAA – The 3 Types o Aus alian Accen s, Pos ed on: Ap . 18, 2018. A ailable a :
h ps://www.a mc.social/pos s/ he-3- ypes-o -aus alian-accen s [Accessed 13 Ma ch
2020].
3TAADB – The 3 Types o Aus alian Accen s. Dialec Blog, Pos ed on: June 10, 2011.
A ailable a : www.dialec blog.com/2011/07/10/ ype-o -aus alian-accen s [Accessed
13 Ma ch 2020].
100ASWP – 100 Aus alian Slang Wo ds and Ph ases, Upda ed 2020. A ailable a :
h ps://iel s.com.ua [Accessed 12 Ma ch 2020].
125ASWP – 125 Aus alian Slang Wo ds and Ph ases. A Beginne ’s Guide o Aussie Slang,
By A. Jones, 2015. A ailable a : h ps://nomadswo ld.com/aussie-slang [Accessed 15
Ma ch 2020].
Leksinė-seman inė „Aussie“ g upė
šiuolaikiniame Aus alijos slenge
SANTRAUKA
S aipsnyje nag inėjama nepelny ai apleis o kalbinio eiškinio, . y. Aus alijos slengo,
ku is apibūdina kasdienį bend a imą šiuolaikinėje Aus alijoje, p ob lema. S aipsnio iks-
las – iš i i leksinę-seman inę g upę „Aussie“ šiuolaikiniame Aus alijos slenge. S aipsnio
siekiniai y a nus a y i leksemos „Aussie“ seman inę s uk ū ą i jos leksinių-seman inių
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO, LILIIA BILAS, VIRA PONOMAROVA
70 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXII
a ian ų (LSV) yšius, ekons uo i „Aussie“ leksinę-seman inę g upę (LSG) i jos sino-
nimų eiles, iš i i jos aizda imą leksikog a iniuose i in e ne o šal iniuose, aip pa a lik i
jos LSV sinonimų eilių na ių leksinę-seman inę i s ilis inę analizę.
P elimina ūs y imai apima Aus alijos slengo y inėjimą užsienio i Uk ainos moksli-
ninkų da buose, a i inkamų šiuolaikinių žodynų, ezau ų, in e ne o s e ainių i in e ne o
šal inių, ski ų šiam kalbiniam eiškiniui, leksinę-seman inę i lyginamąją slengo žodžių
analizę pagal į ai ius šal inius, siekian išsiaiškin i jų eikšmes i kilmę. Ty imo me odo-
loginis pag indas g indžiamas naujausiais semasiologiniais i leksikologiniais y imais i
suponuoja a i inkamus me odus: žodžių apib ėžimų analizę, lyginamąją, sudė inę, leksinę-
seman inę i s ilis inę analizę.
Ty imo me u bu o nus a y a, kad leksema „Aussie“ u i ke u ias pag indines eikš-
mes šiuolaikiniame Aus alijos slenge: pag indinė eikšmė – „Aus alija“ (pag indinė sema
„šalis“), ediniai – „aus alas“ / „aus alai“ (pag indinė sema „gy en ojas (-ai)“), „aus alų
anglų kalba“ (pag indinė sema „kalba“) i „Aus alijos dole is“ (pag indinė sema „pini-
gai“). Pag indinės i iš es inės eikšmės a sispindi leksiniuose-seman iniuose san ykiuose
„ isa–dalis“. Kiek iena eikšmė (LSV) suda o sinonimų slengo nominacijų eilę – žodžius i
žodžių junginius, pa eik us šia skai ine o ma: „Aus alija“ – 13, „aus alas“ – 170, „aus alų
anglų kalba“ – 3, „Aus alijos dole is“ – 45.
Leksinė-seman inė i s ilis inė sinonimų analizė a skleidė: a) jų o ma imo būdus – a ik-
sus, dū inius, umpinius, ab e ia ū as, hipoko is inius su umpinimus, maišinius (sulie us
žodžius), (pa)ka ojimus; b) į a dijimo p ocesus – pe i azę, me a o inius a me oniminius
pe kėlimus, an onomaziją, ali e aciją, asonansą, onoma opėją, imą, abliaciją / g adaciją,
aliuziją; c) seman inius b uožus, paleng inančius jų kū imą – spal ą, dydį, medžiagą, unk-
ciją, iš aizdą, socialinę padė į, ie ą, klima ą, p amogą, jausmą.
S aipsnis a e ia olesnio Aus alijos slengo y imo pe spek y ą ski ingais požiū-
iais: a) is o iniu – i smai šiais laiko a piais: XVIII–XIX amžiaus žemyno kolonizacija,
Aukso ka š ligė (1850 m.), Pi masis pasaulinis ka as, poka io imig acija (1945–1960 m.),
XX a. pabaiga–XXI a. p adžia; b) kalbinių-kul ū inių – šal iniai, iš ku ių galima pasisko-
lin i slengo žodžius iš angliškų a mių, abo igenų i ki ų kalbų; c) sociokul ū inių – slengo
žodžių kilmė ski ingose socialinėse s e ose i subkul ū ose: poli ikoje, e sle, ka iuome-
nėje, spo e, in e ne o komunikacijoje, nu eis ųjų, paauglių, bušido i paplūdimio žaidėjų
pokalbiuose.
Į eik a 2020 m. balandžio 2 d.
LIUDMYLA NAUMENKO
Ins i u e o Philology,
Ta as She chenko Na ional Uni e si y o Kyi
T. She chenko Bl d. 14, Kyi 01060 Uk aine
-naumenko@uk .ne
