S aipsniai / A icles 357
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
Vilniaus uni e si e o Šiaulių akademija
Resea ch a eas: he phone ics o he Li huanian language,
dialec ology, he language o he Low Coun ies, i s dialec s, pa a mės, snek os.
This Decision shall en e
in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This is ROMUALDO GRANAUSKO.
In he Ca ibbean
0 The en e p ise
Much has been w i en abou he wo k o he alen ed w i e Romualdo
G anausko om he Low Coun ies. I 's no sec e ha I'm a huge an o his
wo k, and I' e ead and ead his books, and I' e ead and ead his books, and I' e
ead his books, and I' e ead his books, and I' e ead his books, and I' e ead his
books, and I' e ead his books, and I' e ead his books, and I' e ead his books, and
I' e ead his books. The mos comp ehensi e and up- o-da e s udy on he li e and
wo k o R. Ga anauskas "G anas: a dis o ed eali y" was w i en and published
by Vik o iya Daujo y ė in 2017. By he way, all he men ioned lowlande s knew
and in e ac ed wi h he w i e e y well, especially E. Bukelienė and V. Daujo y ė.
I eally app ecia e and am p oud ha a li le bi o happiness o in e ac wi h
Romuald G anausku is also mine. This, o cou se, happened i s o all h ough my
g ea eache , he speech-language eache , P o esso Aleksą Gi denis. A.
Gi denis and R. G anauskas we e e y close iends, hey came om he same
Mažeiki egion and spen a lo o ime li ing in Vilnius. Ou i s mee ing was in he
summe o 1975. I, a sophomo e a Vilnius Uni e si y, and ou lec u e A. Gi den
e u ned om a dialec ological expedi ion in Zago a and s opped in Mažeikiai.
F om he e, I had o a el on o my home own o Skuoda, and Ge deni was
al eady close o Dauba y, whe e his mo he and sis e 's amily li ed. We wan ed
o say goodbye o wo illage s a he bus s a ion, bu we unexpec edly saw a
hi d illage , he w i e Romuald G anausk. On ha ho summe day, he was
comple ely d unk, and I s ill don' unde s and why, he was sneaking up on he
Mažeikiai bus s a ion, and, o cou se, wo Mažeikiai iends, wi h unb idled
en husiasm, a acked each o he in he alley. I was in oduced o he w i e . The
amous book by R. G anausko "B ead ea e s" had jus been published. M . G anauskas epo ed his e y imidly, bu immedia ely
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV o 358 was al eady somewha saddened by
he ac ha he e was no longe a single book ha hey wan ed o w i e o us.
Bu G anauskas wouldn' be G anauskas i I hadn' wo ked wi h he exi . Suddenly,
we we e aken o he Li le Public Lib a y and o de ed o gi e he lib a ians wo
books ha had al eady been sealed. And on page se en een o he sealed book
"B ead ea e s" wi h he w i e We ha e me se e al imes in Vilnius, once in
į ašu i au og a u y a man ypa ingai miela i b angi.
Šiauliai. I was one o hose a me s o whom Romuald G anauskas, especially in he
las yea s o his li e, epea edly made phone calls om his apa men in Vilnius o
Šiauliai. Those calls we e usually e y la e and, o cou se, we mos ly alked abou
he Zems o, he language o he landlo ds, he landlo d's w i ing, o he impo an
ma e s o he landlo d's iden i y. And one deep nigh , we bo h pulled ou
Romualdo's a o i e coun y song, "And he g eene y g ew slowly". And ano he
unexpec ed coincidence o ou land iangle. I said goodbye o Romuald G anauskas
on Oc obe 30, 2014, when he was p epa ing o his las jou ney o he Uni e si y o
Vilnius. In he chu ch o Jonah. On he same day, an in e na ional scien i ic
con e ence was held in he Donelaičius eading oom o he Facul y o Philology o
Vilnius Uni e si y in memo y o R. G anausko's colleague, P o esso Aleks Gi deni.
I'm going o ead a epo o P o esso Danguel.
We lew o S . Pe e 's on S . Pe e 's S ee and wen o S . Pe e 's. To say
goodbye o he w i e in he chu ch o Jonah. And in he hea , Romuald G anauskas
seemed o me o be he mos s ubbo n and e e nally immo able body o Žemai ija.
When I was w i ing a book abou he language and spelling o he Low Coun ies, I
o en s opped o ask mysel , whe e is he powe o R. G anausko's wo ks, om
which he ue, unpa alleled spi i o he Low Coun ies lows so na u ally? Many
people who w i e abou R. G anausko's wo k no e and highligh he excep ional
landscape. Elena Bukelienė, who knows he w i e well and has ho oughly s udied
his li e a y legacy, no es ha R. G anausko's poe y has a special ea hly au a. I
may no always be ob ious, because i is made up no only o a supe icial egional
colo , one o he wo d wi h an in ona ion, bu o e y deep, di icul - o-spell hings
[…] bo h his o ical and spi i ual[…] (Bukelienė 1999: 136). Vik o iya Daujo y ė, who
de o ed he sel o he wo k o R. G anauskas, w i es: "I i we e no o
oją kaip „Žemai ijos i žemai iškumo kū ėją“, labai iksliai i aikliai apiben-
G anauskas, we would ha e less awa eness o he peasan s, hei na u e, he
eeling o ou people" (Daujo y ė Daug 2017: 18).
F om he Mosel egion, whe e he li ed o a long ime and which R. G anauskas
desc ibed so wa mly, uly, wi h lo e, ano he local w i e , Liud ik Gadeikis,
con esses so openly and since ely: "E en he wickedness is close o me, he wo k
o Romualdo G anauskas. I seems like a amilia landscape, and I eel i , I see i , I
unde s and i . I jus can' pu i ha clea ly. Talen ed, Insigh ul Insigh s 359 So
Žemaičių kalbos d asia Romualdo G anausko kū yboje
ha e e y wo d appea s unique, unchangeable. So meaning ul and eloquen
(maybe only o he lowly?), ha you don' wan o ask: why wasn' i said ha
way, and wha does i mean? All you ha e o do is ead" (Gadeikis 1989: 138). No one
o R. G anausko's li e a y schola s no es ha he e a e no many s udies o he
au ho 's bi hplace, a icles abou he language o R. G anausko's wo ks,
sios šiau ės žemaičių a mės, apsk i ai žemaičių kalbos a spindį kū yboje. Tačiau
especially he ichness o ha language. P ob ėkšminių užuominų abou he
uniqueness o he language o R. G anausko's wo ks, zemai ybes a e al eady
men ioned in he wo ks o o he au ho s. Elena Bukelienė sees ha he w i e 's
li e a y ex s a e sa o iški […] ansla ions om he indigenous in o he common
language […] main ained in he in ona ion o he indigenous dialec , which is ela ed
pama iniai žodžiai, sakinio sanda a“ (Bukelienė 2000: 25).
Ma celijus Ma inai is s ip iąją ašy ojo R. G anausko au o ys ę pi miau-
o […]suge a he language o he land, longing o he expe ience, longing o he sac ed[…]
(Ma inai is 2002: 207) I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y.
Linguis Jonas Palionis, desc ibing he w i e as a li e a y s a o he lowlands,
no es ha in he w i ings o R. G anausko, he pea ls o his na i e language, he
exp essi e and pic o ial wo ds and combina ions o wo ds, can en ich ou
common language.
Sepa a ely men ioned a e he wo ks o G ažina Akelai ienė, Daina
Žiliū ė-Ba ašienė, Inos Pošku ienė on he lexicon o he wo ks o R. G anausko
(Akelai ienė, Ba ašienė 2011: 515; Pošku ienė 2013: 211).
Juozas Pab ėža (2017: 164[…]166; 2018a: 133[…]135) has w i en a li le abou he lands
o R. G anausko and he impo ance o his na i e language o his wo k. Thus, he
excep ional humili y o R. G anausko's wo k, which e lec s he w i e 's na i e
landscape, has been no iced and app ecia ed by many. Howe e , I ha e long
wonde ed why, jus by eading G anauska, such a mi acle happens: we don'
ealize, we ca ch ou sel es, ha in ou minds, all he G anauska ex s we ead
a e in he local language. I' e hea d a lo o people on he g ound ha e el he
same way. A e all, he wo ks a e w i en in he common Li huanian language.
Thus, in he supe icial phone ics o he common language, he w i ing is much
deepe and e y s ong, wi h a pa icula ly ib an spi i o he local language. As
V. Daujo y ė has igh ly poin ed ou , […]G anausko does no ha e a ixed o m,
wi h each c ea ion i is o med anew as a language o expe ience [...] by joining he communi y, bu no by joining[…]
The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.
Le 's y o open ano he one o R. G anausko's collec ions o poe y. This
a icle will be based on examples om he ollowing books by Romualdo
G anausko: […]B ead ea e s[…], 1975 (DV), […]Bal as ainikas o he black
s ew[…], 1987 (BV), […]Tomo ow, a e mo ning, 1995 (VR), […]Gy ul's
singing[…], 1998 (GD), […]Šunysuje[…], 2005 (ŠD), […]Rūkas i š slėnių[…], 2007 (RS),
[…]Red sky on he whi e[…], 2010 (RB), <unky) <unky[…], 2012 (TV),
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
360 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
2013 (I), […]Thi d li e[…], 2014 (TG), […]Holy li es[…], 2014 (ŠG). This is he i s ime in
he his o y o he coun y ha he name o he coun y has been used. In
ecen yea s, he wo ks o Juozo Pab ėžis ha e a emp ed o jus i y ha he
mos impo an and dis inc i e sign o he iden i y o he lowlands is he
lis: one iką, mo ologiją, sin aksę i leksiką (ž . Pab ėža 2017: 43–113; 2018:
lowland language, which has all he mos impo an essen ial le els o each
language, he cons i uen da187[…]195; 2019: 141[…]152; 2020: 273[…]280). We ind all hose b igh e lec ions in he wo ks o R. G anausko.
1. The beau y o he phone ics
A i s glance, i would seem di icul and unlikely o ind phone ic ea u es
cha ac e is ic o he language in a li e a y ex . A e all, all e bal sounds a e
usually ansposed in o he sounds o he common language. Howe e , in his a ea
oo, R. G anauskas is able o exp ess humili y. 1.1. The limbs a e o en sho ened in
geog aphical e ms, e.g. y ‘y a, bė ‘bė a, ė ‘ ė a, ebė ‘ ebė a, nė ‘nė a,
nebė ‘nebė a, pondie s ‘pondie as, šūds ‘šūdas, žyds ‘žydas, nieks ‘niekas, el‘s
‘ elnias, pakiš s ‘ššš, gy s ebė ky as needs o be epai ed, ‘Ku žėže, užein
‘užaina, meluoš, nešššš! ‘neš! you a e no needed.
1.2. The sho owel is omi ed in he p e ixes, e.g. s ill, s ill, no ye , no ye , no
ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye ,
no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no
ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye , no ye .
Adding o inse ing p onouns j, , n, e.g. jema ‘ima (Eisiu, ask he au ho i ies,
lai jema1, lai eja o some old people's houses o whe e e . 1.3.23 jema ‘ima
(Šal is, jemančiai, RS 238), jemi ‘imi, sel -in ol ed in he i s sel -in ol ed in
he own (Moja papie inė ( . y. obelis) 29), he king is he book, he money is he
money, he money is he money, he ga den is he ga den. 1.4. The owels i, e,
e.g. lopišy […]lopšyje[…], pali ą […]pal ą[…], li e ius […]li us[…] (Th ee li e s o
sme onos we e se led in TV 94) a e inse ed.
The ollowing wo ds a e w i en wi h he di e en oo sounds: ly e […]lie ūs,
ly auslie aus, ly o os […]lie ingos[…] (I didn' like lis ening o i e y much in he
days o I. 31), šilima […]šiluma[…] (I don' like a lo o hea ). I. 82), he new
[…]naujienas[…], pagelba […]pagalba[…], agūlės […], kamį […]kamuolį[…] (You jus
ha e o pu you inge s on you inge s, he s ing, kamį […]kamuolį[…] wi h you
inge s).
Žemaičių kalbos d asia Romualdo G anausko kū yboje
Insigh s om he Su ey 361
‘Lipus (I doesn' low a all, so i 's c ossed by he lipus […] wo along he side o
he s em.
Some imes e en he new ad e bs , h, ch, which a e o eign o he old Lowlande s, a e
eplaced by he ollowing: pigu a […] igu e, pu monas […] ehicle, po ig apchikas […]
pho og aphe , po ig apuo i […] pho og aphed, pijalkos […] boa , Johimana […] Fena,
bugalilom […] buhal e is, jek a […] hek a […] Pillius, Jogana […], cha ac e […]
is’, zo e nikas ‘zoo echnikas’, Mikalina ‘Michalina’.
In some cases, ins ead o he A ikaans č, he , d sounds a e spoken and w i en in
he Jamaican language, e.g. he hi d […] hi d […], wi h sou milk […] wi h sou milk […],
sou g apes […] sou g apes […], sou g apes […] sou g apes […], melody […] melody […].
And on he con a y, ins ead o […] wi h he sound ypical o he lowlands, we ind
G anausko's a o i e and epea edly used wo d […]koplyčėlė[…]2.
1.8. I may be ha he handw i ing does no indica e wha sounds a e ypical o
he lowe classes ha a e hea d (pe haps in he subconscious) only in he lowe
classes. Fo example, R. G anausko's a ou i e wo d is alksnynas, and i s o he
o ms alksniai, alksniukai, juodalksniai a e hea d only wi h a loudly p onounced p ebalsiu l.
1.9. No only indi idual sounds, bu also whole ph ases, e.g. b ongiausis b olėli […]b angusis b oleli[…],
b ongiausį b olėlį […]b angųjį b olelį[…] GD 47, neožmė šk uo ega! Don' o ge he boo , TG 39, you' e
going o die! […] all home […] TG 92, he memo y […] name! […] shephe ds […] home […] TG 93. And in he no el
"Ruck abo e he alley", he cha ac e o Pe e exp esses he whole dialogue in a comple ely ea hly
way, because, acco ding o he w i e , "he didn' speak he o he way": "Vakale mona!.. I' e been in
Ame ica o many yea s, and I' e been p essing money wi h money, and I' e been p essing money wi h
money, and I' e been p essing money wi h money, and I' e been p essing money wi h money. I don' hink
you' e going o be able o do i on you own o in you own acuum. You'll be as cool as a monkey, I'll build
you a school. I you' e going o ha e a bigge school, and I'm going o ha e mo e money, you school is
going o be a li le bi smalle . I'm going o wea hese shoes, I'm going o wea hese shoes, I'm going o
wea hese shoes, I'm going o wea hese shoes, I'm going o wea hese shoes. You don' ha e o
wo y abou he eggs ha ha en' been b oken by he wind, you don' ha e o wo y abou he
g andchild en, you don' ha e o wo y abou he g andchild en... 16 […] 173 o he RS. 2 Vic o ia
Daujo y ė named his wo d as he essen ial phone ic lowe case (Daujo y ė 2017: 1314). 3 G anauskas
in his ex , as a as he p in ing p ess was able o do a he ime, pa ially adhe es o he landscape
w i ing o A. Gi den and J. Pab ėža (see Gi denis, Pab ėža 1998: 180).

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362 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV
2. MORFOLOGINĖS ŽEMAITYBĖS
The e is a di e ence in he mo phological o ms […] o indi idual pa s o he
language […] o some wo ds, o pe sons, o o he o ms, o ac ions […] in he wo k o
R. G anausko. In gene al, he mo phological mino i ies a e he w i e 's a o i e and
one o he b igh es signs o he e lec ion o he mino i y language in his wo k.
2.1. The b igh au hen ici y and colou ulness a e p o ided by he a he li ely
landscape. Pa icula ly common a e su names and p onouns. Ins ead o
su names, we o en ind he olde o ms edu, ed i, o example. I couldn' ! As
soon as I go i ed o i , I le he ool behind! We can' ! As soon as we d ink, we' e
ou o ou minds. Don' ge ma ied on hose pape s. Ge ma ied on you dea h
ce i ica e! We did no sign hose pape s we signed ou dea hs!... No one will
ma y a widow! "None o us a e going o GD 72; Abudu knows wha he's d inking
o !" We bo h know wha we e d inking o SG 126. The double is cha ac e is ic o
a ious e b enses and consonan o ms, such as: goa […]einame[…], gali
[…]galime[…], g owo […]augome[…], nema ė […]nema ėme[…], pasimelsia
[…]pasimelsime[…], e ol ed om […]si e ksise[…] o bepasima ysi […], gal okia […]
o hink[…], nebke […] o hink; He d ank i , emembe ed his lo e, and le he de il
ake i all. Le 's d ink, le 's emembe ou lo e and le he de il ake e e y hing
RS 257.
How a e, bu used and hings, adjec i es, e en he numbe o pa icipan s,
e.g. add me wo ubles RV 257; b ead wo ha s VR 257; al eady wo win e shawls
VR 186; wo whi e owe s wi h c osses GD 35; in hose en yea s hey ha e no
been issued o a single day I I 72. 2.2. he equency o he ea hly o m o he
pas ense, when he auxilia y e b liuobe i is added o he p esen ense wi h
he addi ion o a companion o a u u e ense, e.g. liuobu o say
[…]nusukda au[…], liuobu o hink […]pagal oda au[…], liuobi o lea e
[…]palikda ai[…], liuobi o say […]aps pasakoi ynioda ai[…], liuob i
[…]pasakoda a[…]; Do you emembe how o d ink bee ? […] Do you emembe
how he used o d ink? […] RV 213; liuob would say […] he used o say […], liuob would
show […] he used o show […], liuob ilps […] he used o d ink […], liuob pa eš […] he
used o pa eš […]; And hen a he mee ings, he'll hink e e yone's c azy! ‘And hen a he mee ings he called e e yone c azy!
GD 56 and
Žemaičiams būdinga ai, kad ilgesniame eks e bū ąjį dažninį laiką, nebeka -
he auxilia y e b liuob, can only eplace he u u e ense o ms. He e's a g ea
example o such a ypical example om he no el "B ujas": "A eis Jonkus, ca ying
a bo le, will come Galdikas, ca ying wo: Galdikas, as always, will keep one in his
pocke , and he o he will hide in he hea o B uja, so ha B užienė will no ha e
o ca y so much. When all h ee ha e d unk he bo le, and B užienė is no longe
d unk, she akes ou he liquo and ells he o go o he wi e, Galdikas mi k els, and
Žemaičių kalbos d asia Romualdo G anausko kū yboje
she g abs he ha . All h ee will boil in he dawn's cou ya d. Somewhe e wi h Galdik,
B ujas will go o he cabin i s , accompanying hem, […] om he ea , un il he
ba ley a i es. As Galdikas walks, he b aids he whole hing, […] B ujas wi h Jonkum
[…] also, wi hou e en hinking abou how B uji will look omo ow mo ning o hose
h ee men wi h hei b aids and b oken ba ley. 17 and 18. 2.3. The p e e ed a e he
spoken o ms o he sen ence wi h he wo d lai, e.g. I'm going o ask he au ho i ies
o ake me o some g andpa en s' house o some hing. I'll go, I'll ask he au ho i ies,
le 's go, le 's go o some old people's houses o whe e e VR 238; le 's go o he
ho se's ho ns le 's go o he ho se's ho ns TG 39; le 's go o my ongue, le 's go o
my ongue. […]Tegul sau my, egul sau pu he ongue[…] RS 125; o es o e he hea
o all h ee mon hs […] egul es o e he hea o all h ee mon hs[…] VR 258.
The e is a saying ha occu s many imes: "Le i be".
2.4. The e a e also olde o ms o he e b a ema iniai used in lowe case, e.g. slep
du ing he day […] slep du ing he day […] GD 55; le […] lea es […]; And hose cakes
may be le o omo ow And hose cakes may be le o omo ow 2.5. The e a e
a ious o ms o low- equency ac ion blood ans usions. Ins ead o he common
o m o he wo d "sanguine", he o m used wi h he wo d " ue", e.g. mels ies
[…]mels is[…], kinky ies […]kinky is[…], p ay ies […]p ašy is[…], ski s y ies
[…]ski s y is[…], handshakes […]kalbė is[…], i will be necessa y o die as pe ka ą
[…] eikės die as pe ka ą[…] 49 GD; I ha e decided he e pa ely laid he ci y […] I ha e
decided he e pa ely laid he ci y […] GD 49. O he o ms o he e b sang ąžinė a e:
pa algykis ‘pa algyk, lying down ‘a sigulusi, Pa nešusys immedia ely come back! […]I'll
be back as soon as I ge he e![…] GD 71; I won' ge he e […]I won' ge he e, [...] and
who will ake me back om ha Vilnius when I die he e? And who will b ing me back
om Vilnius when I die he e? "When I ha e ound hee, hou shal no go wi h my
lauksiu?’ VR 257; [...] be jūs, ubagai, su mano Juodžiu ne ažiosi ės. ‘be jūs,
se an ". We wen home wi h Kaziune o GD 77. 2.6. The e a e a ious o ms o he
ea hly e b o end, e.g. bengia […]baigia[…], bengsi […]baigsi[…], pabengsi […]pabaigsi[…],
pabengsia […]pabaigsime[…], pabenkim […]pabaikime[…], Amžių bengu […]baigiu[…] o li e,
and I did no hea ha a man could do wha he wan ed while lying down!.. TV one
hund ed and o y-nine.
2.7 Ins ead o nouns, i is e y o en used ans, uns, ana. By he way, i 's like, "Oh, my
mienas gali bū i išlaiky as isų linksnių o mose, p z.: ans ‘jis’, ano ‘jo’, anam
God, my God, my God, my God, my God, my God, my God, my God". 2.8. In he Low Ge man
language, p onouns o en se e as a de ini e a icle and a e conside ed o be
a h oids4. This gi es he sen ence i s own i ali y, addi ional exp essions. Such
sayings a e ound in abundance in he wo ks o R. G anausko, e.g. Rosina 2009: 84[…]93;
Vaskelienė 2016: 210. She is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen .
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
364 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
And ha ba n and hose po a oes we e supposed o keep all h ee o us ali e
o he coming win e . 29; Du niau! (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) The all one,
Vaclo , has isen. Tha wande ing, ha kindness and ha which you won' ell
anyone. Com ade Lieu enan , we ha e s opped ha Be zonsky liaison. How many
ame Sibi e. GD 49; Ne ma ema iškai gal ojan , jiedu niekaip negalėjo susi ik i
ame Vilniuje. ŠG 94; Nebesik a ysiu aš an o a o d i ačio pakalnėj pe duo-
imes ha e I d eamed o you! RS 103; Milda! Wha a e you doing? A e you going o
ea hose po a oes, o a e you going o s ay up all nigh ? Mo e han once, I
wan ed o ake a pic u e o he og o e he alley. 198 o he RS. 2.9. Ve y
common in he lowe classes is he use o he nouns ka as, ka a (in he
common language which, which), e.g. Who wan s o si by he window? Two boys
h ew a ca a hei a he 's old lady. GD 39; Now he ca a ac is younge , he
ca a ac is mo e delica e […] all he anams a e hin. Wha 's he cabin a he end?
15 The ci y o ganis ied, explained, o blow in o he ca hed al. RB: Well, pick
which one you wan o sleep in! GD 93; I 's he same, whe e he eelings a e deep
and you can hide. One o he Ged ims came ou and u ned a ound, ying o igu e ou wha she was singing. GD 76 and
2.10. Ins ead o he noun whe e, mos o en in ques ionable sen ences, he
noun comes, e.g. Whe e's you b o he ? GD 211; Why did you ha e o eeze
like ha ? RB 79; And whe e is ha child now? RS 223, wha ook you so long?
Wha do you ge ? Why did you eel ha way? Tha 's whe e you' e going. TV
177; Shoo he s ike s in he co ne . ŠG 80 2.11. The su name is some imes
eplaced by he su name when, e.g. When wasn' i ? "Mommy, when will I be
able o see Milda?" RS 45; Gen lemen, gen lemen, when a e you going o come
o wo k? So when do I ge you? RV 257. Wha is i ?
2.12 Fa o i e su names and adjec i e o ms o su names, e.g. I 's a e o a
man o dig like ha . I don' hink I'll e e unde s and he nex one. GD 54; Only
he o he s we e comple ely wiped ou . GD 61: Among he Russians, he e a e
people a hund ed imes be e han he es o us. GD 54; She's he one you' e
s anding behind. 72 Fo my own sake I ha e led, no o you s. GD 69; Pa nešiu om he o es mixed wi h oak (i.e. oli es).
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
2.13. In he Low Ge man language, he ou h and i h consonan s ha e appea ed,
mos o which ha e passed in o he i s and hi d consonan s. He e a e he
o ms used by R. G anausko: All h ee sons o Be zhon we e s ill wo wi h honey, I
ne edę. ŠG 8; su abiem sūnais ‘su abiem sūnumis’, su sūnu ‘su sūnumi’, su me-
can' complain much, bu none o my honey is wi h honey. I wan ed o li e like a man
wi h his wi e! Dinne is on he able! TV 68; dogs a e dogs, s ones a e s ones,
sis e s a e sis e s. The plu al o m o he common language wo d man is people,
which has he o m people, e.g. Did you hea wha he wi e said? I don' need a lo
o Insigh s 365 e iews, and I don' eed he kids like my wi e does. Come on, wi es
Žemaičių kalbos d asia Romualdo G anausko kū yboje
and daugh e s! He wouldn' le any hing happen! ŠG 89 and R. G anausko's examples
o he ansi ion om he second o he i s s age o de elopmen a e as
ollows: small clouds […] small clouds […] TV 89; deep eelings […] deep eelings […] RS
94; o e y swee yea s? […]Is i e y swee ?[…] I 137; young, s ong men […]young,
s ong men[…] SG 10; now e ible d unkenness […]now e ible d unkenness[…] RS
233; clean wa e […]clean wa e […] SD 175. 2.15 The su name o a su name is
some imes changed by p onouns, e.g. Is i ha d o die? "Is i ha d o die?" "Bu is i
ha d o you o say"... "Bu is i ha d o you o say"... I 's disgus ing wha you' e
doing! "Le he de il ake i away, how disgus ing i is!" SHG 131; Was i eally
e ible? "Was i eally sca y?" RS 48.
Some Lowland dialec s, unlike he common language, ha e o man s -uo, -ie, such
as: in he middle […]in he middle[…], a away […] a away[…], You a e a aid o he
da k […]in he da k[…] o go h ough he woods and come back. Yes e day, ha
elec ici y jus b oke, b oke wo a a ime! and we le hem in he da k... RS
9394; He himsel ook ca e o himsel . R.S. 203; All he habi s o li e by hemsel es,
o hemsel es. ŠG 129; Eik, Šimkau, he name o he house. ŠG 132; Only he mauk a home
The house! RS 251. O he
2.17 F om he wo ds o he wo k, he p e ix -alis, -alė, e.g. k ėslalis, mamalė,
būdalė, which is ypical o he Lowlande s and is ound in he wo k o R.
G anausko, is men ioned; Come he e, you cowa d! RS 23. O he Wi h his su ix
we ind he ollowing place names: Mon ekalės apluoka, D a alis ( illage), Upalis
(upė). P iesaga-alė is ypical o u al gi ls su names, o example. I is also
known as Šopalė Šopai ė, Be ašalė Be ašiū ė. 2.18 The adjec i e -sen-, o
example, is cha ac e is ic and p e e ed. And I was wai ing o he blowing
" e ksmas" o come in he oom. TG 26; [...] i 's a lie in he eyes o Bi u ei! When
he blas comes o you, you'll call me wi h a dog's oice! RS 251. O he
2.19. Randame R. G anausko kū yboje i žemaičių a ojamas p iešdėlines
ac ion pa, p a, pa , om, ins ead o he p eceding e b o p onoun om, om,
wi h, in answe o a ques ion and epea ing ha ac ion o p onoun o enhance a
pa icula ac ion, e.g. Did you b ing you passpo ? Do you al eady know he clock?
Ha e you ea en? […] Pa. RS 151; Is he window igh ? […] Righ . Wha 's he ma e wi h
you? Yes, please. Did you ge ou ? […] F om. 77; Has ha ail healed ye ? I 's o e now.
I 153; Will you be om he mili ia? […] F om. TV 105: A e you a he B idge? I 's a pass.
Didn' you a he wo k wi h ho ses when he was ali e? […] Wi h. The RS 151.
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
372 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he
landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he
landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he landlo d he
landlo d The e a e much ewe Ge manic wo ds, such as "lanka", " a u",
"a ound", "schnaps", "deg ina", "sch akas", "li le", "weak", "biški", "biškilėlį",
" upu į", " upu ėlį". 4.9. Loca ional names gi e a lo o wa m h and au hen ic
ib ancy o R. G anausko's ex . The names o he i e s and s eams o
Aiškūnas, Ba u a, E la, Salan as, No ė, Ša a, Ne puolė, which a e he names o
he places whe e he w i e was bo n and li ed in he Mosėda egion, a e
desc ibed wi h pa icula exclusi i y and a ec ion; The ollowing species a e
included in CITES Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species, as de ined by CITES
Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species, as de ined by CITES Appendix I: Lis o
endange ed species, as de ined by CITES Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species,
as de ined by CITES Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species, as de ined by CITES
Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species. Acco ding o E. Bukelienė, he names o
places o bi h, ku šiški and žemai iški place names sound o he au ho like he
mos beau i ul music, like a pe iod o good poe y (Bukelienė, Juknai ė 2004: 96).
5. The name o he ci y
Much o he phone ics, mo phology, syn ax, and ocabula y o Romualdo G anausko's
wo k pa ly answe s he ques ion aised a he beginning o he a icle, whe e is he
ue spi i o he G anausko dialec ? Howe e , he w i e himsel answe s he
ques ion e en mo e clea ly, ha ing epea edly spoken and w i en abou his na i e
language o he no he n lowlands, he special place and special signi icance o his
na i e language in his li e and wo k. This is how he essay "The T ansla ion o he
Wo d" is w i en in a wi y, upli ing and wa m way: "We spoke, we c ied and we
sno ed in ansla ion. In school, we didn' ha e o lea n jus he language, i was
always wi h us like a pa o he body: he lips, he mou h, he ongue... We ne e alked
and didn' say a wo d, looking o he igh wo d. E e y ime he needed i , he same
wo d would pop up on he ip o his ongue. Ta mė is like unde wea , s uck o he body,
we don' e en eel hem. And he common language is some hing else en i ely. I 's he
pan s and he jacke you ha e o wea when you go o he ba h oom.
No one o bade us o speak in ongues, i was as na u al and unde s andable as
kissing. In he end, we we e ee and happy and we ne e wonde ed why i was
like ha . We ne e lea ned i , we all lea ned i pe ec ly well. We knew ha we
had o lea n Li huanian. And we knew why, bu all he ime you we e wonde ing
wha was going on in he hea . I 's like hey wan o ake some hing away om
us, and we can' gi e i back, we can' gi e i back o any hing. No one old us he a ge was

Žemaičių kalbos d asia Romualdo G anausko kū yboje
Įž algos / Insigh s 373
mūsų u as. Mokėmės i apie ki as a mes, isokius en o ininkus, žalinin-
They p omised, bu hey didn' eally ca e. We lea n and o ge , and in ou
language we li e, we we e, we g ow, whe e else could we be? (G anauskas) Wha is i ?
2014: 140–142) 8.
And i is pe ec ly unde s andable ha he ending i sel is bes sui ed o
Romualdo G anausko himsel o say he wo ds in one o he con e sa ions: "The
wo ld eels, he wo ld eels, you language, you wo ld eels, you a e you sel ".
You' e go o sign you name, and you' e go o sign you name. And o he ques ion
o whe he he common language is mo e impo an o a pe son, R. G anauskas
eplies: "Ta mie, because a pe son is bo n in a common language, he mind o he
speake is di e en om he mind o he speake ". The basis o he e m is he
language. To kill he goblins, he wo ld came ou o nowhe e. You ha e o ea and
you ha e o d ink and you ha e o bleed. Wi hou wo ds, he kidneys will alk.
I is p ecisely his pa icula ly s ong sense o he na i e language, he
unques ionable and excep ional alen o he w i e and he absolu e musical
ea ha allows Romuald G anauski o pou so much ea hlyness in o his wo k
ha he does no eel as i he is eading alone, swimming, c awling h ough he ea h and in he subconscious sounds he li elies ea hly language.
In addi ion, he Commission shall:
A. G igo ye a, "Beau y and he Beas : The Rise and Fall o he Roman Empi e in
he Age o Reason" (Romeo and Julie , 2011) […] Man and he Wo d 13, 5[…]12.
Bukelienė Elena 1999: Romualdo G anausko was bo n in he illage o Bukelienė.
P ose oads oads, Šiauliai: Li huanian cul u al ounda ion Šiauliai egional
publishing house […]Saulės del a[…], 132[…]136. Bukele-Elena (bo n 2000) is a w i e
om Zemly sy. […] S udies and in e p e a ion o he wo k by Romualdas
G anauskas, Vilnius: Whi e a ows, 25 […] 29. Bukelienė Nijolė Elena, Juknai ė Vanda
2004: Old age o Saulėlydžio, Vilnius: Alma li e a. She was bo n in Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius, Vilnius,
"Vik o ia" by Romualdo G anauskas, "The old man wi h he black sca " […] S udies and
in e p e a ion o he wo k: Romualdas G anauskas, Vilnius: Whi e a ows, 81[…]83. Daujo y ė
Vik o ija 2017: G anis: In he mids o he eal wo ld, Vilnius: Odilė. This is he i s ime I' e seen his
mo ie. Gadeikis Liud ikas 1989: Le 's no alk abou i a he igh ime. […] Vic o y 4, 138 […] 141. 8 See
also The Lowland Speech, he In e p e a ion o he Speech, and I s Commen a y in A is ic Tex s. Cinnamon and cinnamon- ee lowe s
2012: 306–310.
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
374 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Gi denienė Danu ė 1997: O de o su name and las name (acco ding o he
coun y council o Šiaulė). […] Spoken by 28, 80 o 83.
Gi denis Aleksas, Pab ėža Juozas 1998: The w i ing o he Lowlands,
Vilnius, Šiauliai: The edi o ial boa d o he Lowlands Cul u al Socie y.
G anauskas Romualdas 1975: B ead ea e s, Vilnius: Vaga. He was bo n in Vilnius,
G anauskas Romualdas 1987: Bal as ainikas juodam ga ežiui, Vilnius: Vaga.
Li huania. G anauskas Romualdas 1995: The e ening, hen he mo ning, Vilnius: he
cen e o he play. G anauskas Romualdas 1998: The singing o he Gy ulėlių,
Vilnius: P es ika. He is a membe o he Finnish Academy o Sciences. G igo ys
Romualdas (bo n 2005 in Šunys Danguje, Vilnius, Li huania) is a Li huanian w i e and he ounde o he Li huanian W i e s' Union.
G am: Rousseau (English: Rousseau) is a book published by he Li huanian W i e s'
Union.
G am: Rousseau (English: Red and Whi e) is a book published by he Li huanian
W i e s' Union.
G am: A. G. Romualdas, T is Viena ės, Vilnius, Li huanian W i e s' Union publishing
house
G anauskas Romualdas (English: G anauskas Romualdas) is a Li huanian w i e
and he ounde o he Li huanian W i e s' Union.
G anauskas Romualdas, The Thi d Li e, Vilnius: Published by he Li huanian W i e s'
Union.
G am: [g am: g ] (English: [g am: g ] is a Li huanian e m used by he Li huanian
W i e s' Union.
Ma ina Ma cellis, Le e s o he Queen o Sheba, Vilnius, 2002. Pab ėža Juozas
2017: Low Ge man language and w i ing, Šiauliai: Lib a y o he Uni e si y o
Šiauliai.
Pab ėža Juozas 2018: Signs o he iden i y o he Low Ge man language. This
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Pab iz Juozas, 2018: The o igins and adi ions o he Gemi i sc ip . […] P oblems o
language his o y and dialec ology 5, sud. R. Bakšienė, N. Mo ozo a, Vilnius: Li huanian
language ins i u e, 119[…]139.
Pab iz Juozas: The pas and p esen o he Samogi ian language. […] Whi e philology
28 (1), 141 […] 152. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e .
Žemaičių kalbos d asia Romualdo G anausko kū yboje
Insigh s 375 o he inspec ion
Pab ėža Juozas 2020: Land language o land language, Samogi ian language o
Samogi ian dialec ? […] Municipali y. Samogi ia, he sou h. A. Bu imas, M. I šėnas,
Vilnius: Published by he Vilnius Academy o A s, 273[…]280.
John Paul II: The Glossa y o he Li huanian Wo d. […] Yea 12, '86 and '91.
Pošku ienė Inga 2013: The peculia i ies o he lexicon in he no el by Romualdo
G anausko […]Rūkas abo e he alleys[…]. […] The wo d is bo n 1, 2[…]11.
Rosinas Albe as 2009: Bal ų kalbų į a džių seman inė i mo ologinė s uk ū a.
Synch onici y and diach onici y, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he publishing o science
and encyclopedias. Sabaluskas Algi das (1966): Raida o he lexicon o he
Li huanian language. […] Ques ions on he Li huanian language 8, 5[…]141.
"Sp indle Ju a 2000" is a no el by Romuald G anauskas. […] S udies and in e p e a ion
o he wo k: Romualdas G anauskas, Vilnius: Whi e a ows, 30 […] 41. Tha one. This
Vaskelienė Jolan a 2016: Romualdo G anausko „Š . Paulina“: eks as i kon eks-
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion
in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. "Daisne" is a 2011 ilm s a ing Romuald
G anauskas. […] Man and he Wo d 1, 13[…]15. Zsuzsa Menzel is he 2012 winne o he
Me a e se. The p ess o ice o he Uni e si y o Šiauliai, Šiauliai.
Deli e ed on 16 Feb ua y 2021
JUOZAS PABRĖŽA
Vilniaus uni e si e o Šiaulių akademija
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.