108 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVI
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-2902-4722 Resea ch a eas
include oponymy and an h oponymics.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
DL KAI KURI Li huanian
The Ci y o God
RADIMOSI APLINKYBI, which is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he coun y,
KILMĖS IR MOTYVACIJOS
On he Ci cums ances o Appea ance, O igin
and Mo i a ion o Ce ain Li huanian
Toponyms o Guda
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle discusses he mos likely o igins o se e al Li huanian place names Gūdas. In aising
hem, a en ion is d awn o all he oponymic insc ip ions om he li ing language en i onmen ,
he con ex o oponymic mic osys ems, he addi ional in o ma ion p o ided by he sc ibes
ela ed o he names o places and named objec s, which is compa ed wi h eal his o ical and
e hnog aphic da a. Based on he me hodology chosen, he analysis shows ha he occu ence o
he names o he wo s ones in he Nemuno i e nea Da suniškiu and D a eliškių d a is linked
o he ac o he his o ically a ec ed plo s o souls om Ka al Gudija and Rusnia. I is
emphasized ha he shephe ds o he Jewish na ion we e also engaged in his business.
The e o e, he names o hese s ones a e de i ed om he e hnonym gùdas ‘bal a usis
(some imes Polish o Russian); The o he language, he human being, and he doub ul o he esea che s decla ed hei o igin om he ain.
wi h he end o he hypo hesis.
I is also p o en ha he e hnonyms a e mos likely de i ed om he Pumpėnai and
Žemai kiemio dis ic wa e names Gùdas, which some speake s de i e om he Bal ic. *guda-
‘(su)linkęsʼ, ‘besilanks an isʼ < bal . gud- ‘link iʼ. In he i s case, his s a emen is based
on he da a o a compac mic osys em o place names wi h a comp ehensi e analysis o hei
ela ionships, o igin and seman ics, and in he second case on he pa allel analysis o he
seman ic e hnonymic na u e o he po amony in he e i o y o he same se lemen .
ESMINIAI WORDS: he o igin o place names, he mo i a ion o place names, he con ex o he
spelling o place names, seman ic analogy, he p onuncia ion o wo ds Nemunu.
A icles o he 109 h
Dėl kai ku ių lie u ių ie o a džių Gùdas adimosi aplinkybių,
kilmės i mo y acijos
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle discusses he mos likely e sions o he o igin o se e al Li huanian oponyms Gūdas.
The e sions a e p oposed aking in o accoun all he ci cums ances o eco ding he oponyms
om he spoken language, he con ex o oponymic mic osys ems, he addi ional in o ma ion
ela ed o place names and he objec s designa ed by hem p o ided by he eco de s, which is
compa ed wi h eal his o ical and e hnog aphic da a. Based on he analysis ca ied ou unde he
chosen me hodology, he a icle associa es he D a eliškės Mano wi h he his o ically a es ed
appea ance o he names o wo s ones si ua ed in he Nemunas Ri e nea Da sūniškis and
ac o imbe a ing om Gudija (Bela us) o Ka aliaučius (Königsbe g) and Rusnė. I is ou lined
ha he e we e also a e s who we e gods by descen . As a esul , he wo names o s ones
a e aced o he e hnonym gùdas ‘Bela usian (some imes Polish o Russian); a pe son speaking a
di e en dialec . The hypo hesis p oposed by o he esea che s conce ning hei o igin om
Li h. The idea o "s ickle, whe s one" o " o sha pen by a whe s one" is ques ionable. The
a icle p o ides a gumen s o p o e ha he hyd onyms "Gudas" come om he en i ons o
Pumpena and Zemai kimis, which some linguis s ace o Bal . Bending down. gud- ‘ o band, a e
mos likely o e hnonymic o igin. In he i s case, his p oposi ion is suppo ed by he da a o
he analysis o he in e ela ions, o igin and seman ics o he compac mic osys em oponyms
wi h gud. In he second case, i is e idenced by he seman ic analysis o he e hnonymic pa allel o
he po amonyms si ua ed in he same inhabi ed se lemen .
KEYWORDS: o igin o oponyms, mo i a ion o oponyms, con ex o oponym eco ding, seman ic
analogy, imbe a ing in he Nemunas Ri e . In Li huanian oponymy, place names wi h he oo
gudsuda o a e a ai ly abundan and signi ican g oup. The language has abou 670 names o a ious
objec s, which, among o he hings, a e cha ac e ized by a a ie y o ways o making and ypes (c .
LVZ III 331-337). A lo has been w i en abou he possible o igin o oponyms wi h his oo . In summa y,
se e al hypo heses o o igin s and ou : (1) he names o he lakes a e de i ed om he e b gudde
‘k ūmas, bushes; o es , bush, conside ing ha he e minology o lo a and auna (gùda-žolė,
gùd-ka klis, gùd-ž i blis, e c.) is he same (Sa ukynas 1966: 193); 2) I is claimed ha many o he oikonim
and some o he o he . wi h gudy a o igina ed om a d. Gùdas, and he wa e names and mos o
he o he classes o place names a e de i ed om he Li huanian gùdas ‘bal a usis; ano he language
pe son', belie ing ha he oo o he e hnonym gud eikšmė in he local wo ds could ans o m in o
‘common, un us wo hy, useless, wo hless (Vanagas 1981: 125[…]126); 3) he su names Gùdas, Gùd-upis
a e de i ed om he Bal ic. *guda- ‘(wi h)linkęsʼ, ‘besilanks an isʼ < Bal ic. gud- ‘link iʼ (Mažiulis 1988:
420421; 1996: 308309); (4) The analysis o he oikonimus indica es ha hey may ha e o igina ed om he
a d. The aim o his a icle is o collec as much linguis ic and ex a-linguis ic da a as possible in o de
o p esen he mos likely hypo heses o he o igin and mo i a ion o se e al local wo ds. In o de o
achie e his goal, i is desi able o e iew he ci cums ances o he spelling o names om he li ing
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
110 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVI e nonimo gùdas (Razmukai ė 1998: 48, 49, 52, 58,
65, 71; Mickienė 2001: 65; Smoczyński 2007: 208) which is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
5) he s one names Guda a e associa ed wi h he ain. guda […] dese , budė[…],
gud[…] i […] wi h he end o he gude, and he wa e names and land names oge he
wi h he e hnonym guda a e de i ed om he whi e. guda- […]smulkus, small; poo ,
weak; poo , wi hd awn; coun e ei , de ec i e; o dina y, common; is genuine; wild,
uncul i a ed...', gud- ‘pu e, ue', wi hou uling ou he possibili y ha in one case
o ances y he basis may be a d. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying
(Mickienė 2001: 34; Endzely ė 2005: 73, 84, 112, 114, 170; S ide skienė 2006:
52; 2010: 119; Ba ku ė 2008: 78; Kačinai ė 2009: 64, 85; Mo kūnas 2009: 989);
down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. 6) he names o
non- esiden ial places, including wa e alls, a e conside ed e hno-nominals o
pe sonal names; 7) s a ing ha Li huanian . wi h gudgali a e o unequal o igin, he
g ea e pa o he names o non- esiden ial places a e de i ed om he e hnonym
gùdas ‘bal a usis (some imes Polish o Russian); he o he language pe son ( he
gods call he lowlands highlands, he pane ėžys he kupyškėnus, e c.)', adding ha
hei oo s gud eikšmė in many cases a e di ec ly ela ed o his e hnonym
(‘belonging o he god, he place whe e he god li es, e c.); I is also belie ed ha mos o he oikonimo p obably o igina ed om he a d. Gùdas, al hough he possibili y o hei o igin om he e hnonym gùdas is no uled ou ; in addi ion, he ca pe o he Sou h Li huanian . is no disca ded om he p . gudde ‘k ūmynas, ikimybė k ūmai
(LVŽ III 334335) The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
One o he mos p oblema ic place names om he poin o iew o o igin (and
p oduc ion) can be conside ed he oponym Guda. As can be seen om he abo e
e iew, Alexande Vanag de i es such i e names and s one names om he
e hnonym gùdas, he name o he i e in he Pas aly egion om he e hnonym ime
and Rena a Endzely ė (2005: 73). Vy au as Mažiulis belie es ha he name o he i e
Guda comes om he Bal ic. *guda- ‘(wi h) linkedʼ, ‘besilanks an isʼ […] Bal ic. gud-
‘link iʼ, Simas Ka aliūnas connec s he names o he s ones wi h he ain. guda
miško, pie os, ganyklos, k ūmų, g io io) kildina iš bal . guda- ‘smulkus, ma-
‘pus yklė, budėʼ, gud i ‘su gude galąs iʼ, and o he geog aphical objec s (upii, ž;
poo , weak; poo , wi hd awn; coun e ei , de ec i e; o dina y, common; is genuine;
The sa age, he uncul i a ed... he pu e, he ue. The place name (name o he sea )
o God is also ixed in La ian oponymy. I is de i ed om he La in guds […]bal a usis sielininkas[…] (Endzelīns 1956: 336[…]337).
language, o analyze he names o objec s (deno a ions) 1 The aim o his a icle is no o analyze ully
o c i ically all he al eady known e sions o he o igin o hese place names. I is necessa y o
de e mine which hypo hesis o o igin is mo e likely a e analyzing he collec ed da a. In o he wo ds,
i is conside ed mo e impo an o p o ide ac s and a gumen s ha allow one hypo hesis o be
aised o con i med han o e u e o he published explana ions o o igin.
A icles and a icles 111
Dėl kai ku ių lie u ių ie o a džių Gùdas adimosi aplinkybių,
kilmės i mo y acijos
he cha ac e is ics p esen ed a he ime o he w i ing o he place names,
hei geog aphical en i onmen , discuss he possibili ies o oponyms and
appella i e connec ions in he a ea (sp ead) aspec , aise and jus i y he mos
likely easons o he appea ance o he names o places (objec s) o God. The
s udy uses no only adi ional e ymological me hods such as compa ison wi h
o he Li huanian, Bal ic names, Li huanian appella ions, he applica ion o seman ic
analogy, bu also obse es he peculia i ies o he his o ical social en i onmen o
he local wo ds s udied, compa ing he a ailable ma e ial on oponyms and objec s
included in hem wi h he eal his o ical con ex , which, in my opinion, is he mos
objec i e c i e ion o de e mining he o igin o local wo ds. Thi een place
names Gùdas2 a e eco ded om he language o he Zhi ans. The la ges g oup
o hem is eco ded in he Punas ali dis ic o Pumpėnai: ball, bushes, meadow in
he illage o K kiliškio, i e (upel, upokšnis) lowing h ough he own o K kliniai,
he illages o Dalki, Račškių, Gùs adalio, he illage o Račškių, he illage o Ramon
b as a. Se e al objec s wi h his name a e loca ed in a ious places in Li huania: 2
s ones Nemunè, one o hem in he illage o K únio nea he Da sniškio chu ch
dis ic , he o he in he e i o y o he D a liškai illage o Panemunės alley in
he Kaunas dis ic , he s one in he illage o Seili on he banks o he Lydkinė
i e , he wo Vilka a Ri e in he illage o Pės ė i, he o es in he illage o Vy enė, he illage o Va is as Ražnė.
In he illage o Puõdžiai, a s eam (g io ys) lows h ough he illage o Medin in
he coun y o Ukme g.
Mos o he in o ma ion abou he su oundings o he place names, he na u e o he geog aphical
objec s and he loca ion is gi en by w i ing he names o he s ones in he Nemunas Ri e 3. The land
su ey o he Uppe Panemunė illage o D a eliškių mano , d awn up in 1935, s a es ha he s one
Gùdas is loca ed in Nemunas nea he bo de o he illage o D a eliškių and he mano . The
explana ion in he Pas a chap e is: The gods a oided his s one while swimming. While swimming, hey
would send one o hem o s and on a s one o indica e he di ec ion o he souls. He was sc eaming
loudly. Two such names a e ound in he Vie o a dz, w i en om he Zhi onian language, in he VK
a chi e. 3 S one names a e a speci ic g oup o eal wo ds, he assignmen o which o place names may
aise some doub s. On he o he hand, s ones a e na u al objec s ha occupy a ce ain place on he
su ace o he e ain. Some onomas ic esea che s e en classi y hem as o onyms […] in his case,
he p o ision is based on he ac ha no only he names o moun ains, bu also he names o all
o og aphic objec s belong o his class (see Agapkina, Be ezo ich, Su iko a 2020). In an a icle wi h a
di e en meaning, i.e. no in ended o se e e minology, i s objec i es, s one names a e a p io i
conside ed as place names. Juozas Vi kauskas, a eache a Šilėnai P ima y School, w o e he local
wo ds o he e i o y o he es a e, and Ju gis Dubosas, a esiden o Šilėnai, is lis ed as a p o ide
o knowledge.
5 This place is now in he Kaunas Ma ys.
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
112 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVI, con aining he ollowing sec ions:
Tha 's how he name came abou . In he ci y o Da ushenik he e is less in o ma ion abou he s one
and i s name: i is s a ed ha he s one is in Nemun, 2 km below he own, swimming in he i e behind
i s closed soul. As can be seen om he desc ip ions, he o igin o he name o one s one is
associa ed wi h he plunde ing o souls by he gods in he Nemun Ri e , and he plunde ing o souls by
he o he . I canno be uled ou ha he explana ions gi en in he ques ionnai es abou he o igin o
he names may be olk e ymology, bu his o ical and e hnog aphic da a make his doub ul. In he
s udies o many his o ians and e hnog aphe s, i is emphasized ha Nemunas has long been one o
he main ade ou es o he G and Duchy o Li huania, h ough which he illages o Ka aliau ,
Ku šiai, Rusna ( om i o Klaipėda), Tilžė, among o he goods, we e plunde ed. The woodsmen also
a eled om he e i o y o p esen -day Gudija. Fo example, in a publica ion de o ed o he s udy
o he o ganiza ion o ade om he po s o Sapie and Rad ila in he Nemun pla eau in he se en h
and eigh een h decades o he eigh een h cen u y, i is s a ed ha in 1770 he e we e a o al o 1,192
plukdoms om he Rad ila es a es (Sakalauskas, Poška 2020: 74). The looding o he i e ook place in
wo s ages - i s om New S e djan o Kaunas, hen om Kaunas o Rusnė o Ka aliaučiaus. I is
wo h no ing ha mo e wo ke s we e employed in he sec ion om New S e djan o Kaunas han in
he sec ion om Kaunas o Ka aliaučia. Acco ding o he au ho s o he a icle, mo e people we e
hi ed due o he mo e di icul na u al condi ions in he i s sec ion o he wa e way […] na owe
i e alley, g ea e bending (a he same ime). I can be assumed ha ano he eason why he souls
needed mo e o ces o sail om he e i o y o Gudia o Kaunas was he equen slopes, di ches,
and s ones in Nemun. This is con i med by he his o ical ac s a ed in he a o emen ioned
publica ion: he e was a hi ed d i e in Rumšiškės who helped o anspo souls h ough he
obs acle in Nemuna, called slenksčiais (ibid., 72). This business con inued la e : in 1825 Nemunu gaben a
om Li huania and Gudija (Bal a us) 2,500, and in 1900 […] 15,320 souls (Pupienis 1989: 49). The souls om
Gudija c ossed he Kaunas o he Kingdoms un il he Fi s Wo ld Wa . The ac i i ies o he Nemun and
he Gudas a e well documen ed by he hyd ologis S epan Kolupailos, who in he summe o 1932
himsel sailed he Nemun om he own o Liubka o Ga dino, in he monog aph Nemunas (Kolupaila
1950). Acco ding o him, he s e ch o he Nemunas om Ga dino o Kaunas was ich in c e ices, i.e.
places whe e he i e bed was s oned and he s eam was deepe , so i was e y di icul o d aw
souls om he uppe eaches o his i e , he equency o which was c ushed. In he mean ime, a
g oup o young men, mos ly om he highlands, called he io a disas e . 6 The eache o he
Da shunishka Elemen a y School, Pe a Puplesh, w o e o he illage s Mikhail Macule ich, Adol
Zhuko sky, and Jonah Za is ano ich.
7 The new se lemen o S e žanis in Bela us.

A icles by A icle 113
Dėl kai ku ių lie u ių ie o a džių Gùdas adimosi aplinkybių,
kilmės i mo y acijos
he names (ibid., 14). Acco ding o he au ho o he monog aph, I an T ubka, a
skilled soul-bea e , accompanied he scien is on his jou ney, and be o e he
Fi s Wo ld Wa , he anspo ed souls om Ljubljana o S olpce o Ju ba ko
se e al dozen imes (p. The monog aph also desc ibes he Nemun Go ge nea
Kaunas: he mos dange ous i e go ge in Da suniški is men ioned 4 km below
Da sūniški (p. 164), i is emphasized ha in he a ea om Aš ag o D a eliškio
lininkų pa adin a Bičenė ų ė a, ku labai pa ojinga, nes iš dugno kyšo dideli
se lemen s he e a e go ge seams, in o which he seals o A enka low (p.
167[…]168). I is also buil below he illage o Gas ilionių, he Bičių ė a, he
s oned places Velnio Til as, Velnio Pi is (p. 168), Ži gas (in he illage o
Jakš onių), Bajo ė (in he illage o Žiegžd ių), Kamendulė (in he illage o Pažaisliu) (p. 174).
Knowledge o he ac ha he gods ca ied souls o Nemun can be ound in he
Li huanian language dic iona y. In his a icle, he illus a i e sen ence "Guda" is
p esen ed, "Guda swims on he seals o Nemunas o Rus's P ussia", aken om he
Li huanian wo d "Yuškos" (LKŽe) by An ano. The connec ion be ween he gods and
he soul is also indica ed by he La ian appella ion guds, gudinis, gudiņš ‘bal a usis
sielininkas (LVV I 415, 675). As you can see, he main eason o he o igin o he s one
name (gods plucked souls) men ioned in he su ey o he name o he land o he
D a eliškiai mano is undoub edly ue, his o ically p o en. I is also ue ha in he
icini y o his se lemen in Nemun he e we e di ches and la ge s ones. This is
also w i en abou he Polish a chaeologis and e hnog aphe Zygmun Gloge , who
in he second hal o he 19 h cen u y epea edly sailed he Nemun om Ga dino o
Kaunas. The e a e also se en la ge s ones in Nemun nea he se lemen o
D a eliški, including he s one Guda: Ka ilas (Kociel), Malaka ičius (Malachowicz),
Malaka ičiai (Malachowicz), Velni Til (Dyabelski mos ), S iklina (Szklanka), Rusen, o
Gudas (Rusak, Gudas), Ki da (Ki da) (Gloge 73).
The eal his o ical ci cums ances a e he mos impo an , bu no he only,
a gumen ha sugges s ha he s one names in Nemunas a e e ymologically
mos likely o be associa ed wi h he e hnonym gudas. This possibili y is c edible
bo h om a s uc u al and a seman ic poin o iew. As can be seen om he
e e ences o hyd ologis s, his o ians, and e hnog aphe s, he s ones o Nemun
da o daug bėdų, nelaimių, kelda o daug ūpesčių, odėl ų objek ų a dai daž-
nai es i neigiamos kon eks inės kono acijos, plg. Nemuno ė ų a dus Kiaulė,
and he s ony places ( i ae) o he souls o he P ida y Pa šiukai, A inas (s ony
di ches wi h sudden alling s o e), Telyčia, Ži klės, Velnio Til as (Pupienis 1989: 55),
Velnio Pi is (Kolupaila 1950: 168;), he name o he s one Ka ilas (Gloge 1903: 73).
Some names o o he Li huanian i e s ones can also ha e Pejo a y inės
meanings, plg. The names o he s ones o he Ne ies a e Velniamindis, Velnio Til as,
Bulius, A inas (Vai ke ičius 2013: 47, 48, 51, 9697), Ka s as (Vai ke ičius 2014: 13), he
name o he s one o he Holy Ri e G iškà (G eek om he La ian g iška […] elnias[…]) (LVŽ III 306), he camp o Jū os upės […] Judõšiaus, o Vélnio
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVI ãgas (LVŽ IV 114 195) is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
Thus, om he e hnonym o he s one names Guda mo i a ion can be ‘a bad, bad, un eliable s one.
On he o he hand, he easons o hese names may be memo ial, based on he ac s ha he
goa pie ced he souls h ough hese s ones, he goa climbed on he s one and shou ed and so
on. Such meanings o place names in Li huanian oponymy a e ixed, plg. I is also known as he
"Bago B as à" (in he case o he elge a), he "Bi ù ės kálnas" (Sa ukynas 1963: 239), he "Diedùko
as as", he "Puõdýn plė" (S ide skienė 2017: 90). In e ms o s uc u al design aspec , he s one
names o he o igin o he e hnonym Guda would be wi hou o mal design ools om he basic
wo ds o he o igin o he de i a i es o he de i a i es. This me hod o making is e y ypical o
s onemasons. This is how many o he names o Nemun's s ones, al eady seman ically discussed,
we e o med: A inas, Ka ilas, Kiaulė, Telyčia, e c. In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned easons, i is
also necessa y o ake in o accoun he ac ha , in he case o he abo e-men ioned cases, he
Cou o Fi s Ins ance has no ju isdic ion o ule on he compa ibili y o he con es ed decision
wi h he T ea y on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union (TFEU) and he T ea y on he
Func ioning o he Eu opean Union (TFEU) as a whole. So i 's no impossible ha God's name came
oo la e. The e hnonym o he names Guda indi ec ly es i ies o he o igin and ano he
oponymic analogy. The name o he meadow Gudãakmenis is w i en in he su ey o he name o
he land o he illage o Da žėlių in he illage o Liñkmenų. The meaning o his place name is
appa en ly ‘a meadow in which he e is (was) a s one Gudãakmenis. The la e s one may ha e
o igina ed om gude and phone ically canno be de i ed om gude ‘pus ykė, budė o gud i ‘wi h
he end o he gude. The names o he s ones a he o igina ed om he e hnonym gùdas, a he
han om he La . gùdė o gud i, sugges ing ha he a eal place names and appella i e s one
names o igina ed in he e i o ies o he wes e n highlands o Kauniškių, sou he n highlands,
and he common wo ds […] pa aičiuose and K aš e Žemipėdos (ž . 1). Fo he sake o legali y, i
should be emphasised ha a seman ic link be ween he names o s ones and wo ds wi h he
meaning o gallan y is possible. This is con i med by he s one name Gals u as9 ← lie . gals u as
[…]galandamas p ie aisas, budė, 8 Plg. ha says […]a piece o s one o ock embedded, used o he
end, and is a es ing place, budė[…]
analizės aspek as. Ma , onimai i apelia y ai papli ę ski ingų a mių plo uose:
(See also Ka aliūnas 2004: 172).
The name was changed in 1986 o Plunges R. Zhlibin. In he illage o Ke u aki.
A icles by A icle 115
Dėl kai ku ių lie u ių ie o a džių Gùdas adimosi aplinkybių,
kilmės i mo y acijos
The acan house, he acan house (LVZ III 47). Howe e , he issues al eady discussed make i
doub ul ha such meanings (and o igins) can be a ibu ed o God. O cou se, he connec ion
be ween he name Guda and he e hnonym Guda in he sou he n highland a ea is somewha mo e
di icul o jus i y, as he e is a lack o da a on he loca ion, pu pose and o he ci cums ances o
his objec . As men ioned, he insc ip ion indica es ha he s one is on he banks o he Lydekinė
i e . In his case, he mos app op ia e hing o do is o s ick o he a eal aspec o he name and
he appella ion, o sp ead he name in di e en a eas o he e i o y. The explana ion o he
possible o igin o he i e names Guda also sepa a ely discusses he in o ma ion ela ed o hei
spelling om he li ing language. As men ioned abo e, he e a e eco ded wo ibu a ies: he
i e lowing in he Pumpėnai dis ic (upelis, upokšnis) 10 and 10 The name was w i en in he 1935
su ey o he names o he land o he illage o Gus adalio and in he 1938 su ey o he illage o
Dalickos, as well as in he 1983 su ey o he illage o Gus adalio. The named objec is desc ibed as
a 34 m wide s eam, which lows only hea ily in au umn, sp ing and win e , and d ies up in summe . 1
PAV. O he S one names Gùdas and lie . gùdė, he sp ead o gud i (c ea ed using
This is a Google map.
Good o see you. Good o see you.
LAIMUTIS BILKIS
Ac a Linguis ica LXXVI, 116, a s eam in he e i o y o he illage o Medin, in
he coun y o Žemai ė, which in he 1935 su ey o land names is called g io iu.
A en ion should be paid o he ac ha he Guda i e in he Pumpėnai dis ic lows h ough he
illage o Gus adalio, in i s e i o y i lows in o Py esą. The o icial o m o he name o he illage,
Gus adalis, is p obably he second, de i ed om he i s name Gus adalis, which is de i ed om he
e hnonym Gus o A d. 13 And he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y,
he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y, he ci y.
The su ey indica es ha he a ine is 0.25 km long, s eep slopes, and deep. On 12 May 1935, he su ey
o he names o he land o he illage o Gus adalis, compiled by he eache o he Rimk[…]nai
elemen a y school, An ano Soko, in he g aph […]Name in he local p onuncia ion o people[…] he name
o he illage is w i en Gùds adalis, and in he g aph […]Name w i en in w i en language […]
Gùs adalis. 13 h dis ic Guda is also ixed in he Pumpėnai alley. The LPDB.
2 PAV. Vie o a džiai su Gud- Pumpėnų apylinkėse (suku a naudojan „Google“ žemė-
lapius).
Gùds adalis, he illage
The Guda Ri e
Ca le, sheep
Goods, b ead
Cucumbe s, mush ooms, sh ubs, meadows