A icles o he 11 h
DARIUSIVOŠKA
Lie u iųkalbosins i u as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Resea ch a eas: onomas ics, his o ical name o he
whi es, con ac s o languages.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ins i u e o he His o y o Li huania
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Resea ch a ea: LDK legal and poli ical cul u e
13 h o 16 h cen u y.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
BRUSSELS: No h-eas e n
Li huania
A. ASMENVARDZIAI and XV. O he membe s o he Commission
(NATURAL) The name o he oad*
Mapping he Bounda ies o Vyžuonos:
15 h-cen u y pe sonal names and he
Endu ing Legacy o No h-Eas e n Li huania
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The book is based on a unique manusc ip p ese ed in he lib a y o he Uni e si y o Cologne in K akow, Poland,
da ed om 1469 o 1477, and con ains wo impo an his o ical ac s, signi ican bo h o his o ical and linguis ic
esea ch, namely, he disco e y o he B ink's Way, a pa o he bounda ies o he Vyšeh ads, and he es imony
o he 99 wi nesses.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
12 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI ansmission. The s udy o he names o he Liudininkai e eals
he endencies o iden i ica ion and naming o he pe son ha p e ailed in he second hal o he
15 h cen u y, he ci cums ances ha de e mined hem. ESMINIAL WORDS: Vyžuonos, he
bounda ies o he land, he cul u e o speech and w i ing, his o ical su names, pe sonal names,
his o ical sou ces.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle explo es a unique manusc ip housed in he Jagiellonian Uni e si y Lib a y in K akow, Poland,
ocusing on a wi ness in e iew p o ocol da ed be ween 1469 and 1477, highligh s wo key his o ical
elemen s ele an o bo h his o ical and linguis ic a chi ing, in es iga es he loca ion and e ymology o
esea ch: heB inkliškės oad,whichde inedpa o  heVyžuonoses a ebounda iesa 
he ime,and henamingo 99wi nesses.Thepape del esin o hehis o yo p o ocol
he B inkley Road, and examines he ansmission o his o ical memo y. We know ha he bounda y […]
B inkliškų kelias, and Algi das es ablished he […] bo de in Klausinėjami abou he Vyžuonų mano
ounco e  he endsinpe sonaliden i ica ionandnamingp ac icesp e alen in hela e 
hal o  he15 hcen u yand he ac o sin luencing hesep ac ices.
belonging o Rad ilas As ikaičius (†1477) 1, al hough he bounda y in Užpalai was unanimously con i med by
he ep esen a i es o he neighbo ing communi ies om Giedėčiai, U enos, Tau agnai, B aialininkai, as
well as h ee go e no s o S anislo (S ankaus) Sudi ojai.
1
Fo mo e on Vyžuonų d a as, see Malczewska 1985: 156 […]157; Baliulis 2006: 98 […]114. This a icle is pa o
a se ies on he Vyžuonų d a as. 2 […]We gi e ha he bounda y […] is he b inkle oad, and […] is he
bo de .[…] BJ 329-99 [page no numbe ed]. Fo mo e in o ma ion, see Appendix 1.
A icles o he 13 h
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
Howe e , he subsequen ial may ha e been comple ely undocumen ed in w i ing, so no o he ci cums ances
o he ial a e known. I is di icul o answe unequi ocally which o m o collec i e memo y […]
communica ion o cul u al memo y, his es imony o membe s o e i o ial communi ies is limi ed.5
Undoub edly, he knowledge o he bounda y was p ese ed hanks o he communica ion memo y, since i
co e s a ecen ly expe ienced pas (up o 75[…]100 yea s) and is usually exp essed in e bal s o ies. In addi ion
o he abo e-men ioned easons, i is also necessa y o no e ha in he case o he p esen case, i is no
possible o es ablish he ac s o he case, since he e idence p esen ed in he case is no su icien ly
subs an ia ed by he e idence o he case, and he ac s o he case a e no su icien ly subs an ia ed by
he e idence o he case. 4 The minu es di ec ly men ion ha Rad ila As ikai is submi ed he ollowing
wi nesses o he in e oga ion o he cou o ice s ([…]Pana Rodi iloch, воевод(ы) ockého, свтковъ[…]).
Al hough he subjec o he cou p oceedings is no men ioned in he in e oga ion p o ocol, i is known
Ano Aliaksand oH ušos,Kazimie oJogailaičioepochoje1440–1492me ais
Lie u osDidžiojojeKunigaikš ys ėjein ensy ėjo eisinės aš ijosekspansija, a-
om he do sal eco d ha appea ed du ing he a chi ing o he documen .
5 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he classi ica ion o he collec i e memo y o Jan and Aleid Assman, see Assmann
1988: 919. 6 Abou he a chaic Bal ic oads and hei supe ision see Čelkis 2021: 4958; abou he B inklišky oad in
gene al see 70 no es.
7 Abou he p ocess o acquisi ion o he documen in he G and Duchy o Li huania in he second hal o he 15 h
cen u y […] in he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y, see H uša 2015: 200[…]242; 2019: 236[…]289. 8 On he acquisi ion o
w i ing cul u e in la e Middle Ages […] ea ly New Age Li huania and i s
san ykįsusaky inekul ū až .Ališauskas2009;H uša2015:364–412;2019:433–483.
DARIUSIVOŠKA,ANDREJRYČKOV
14 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian XCI
In he 14 h and 16 h cen u ies, a en ion was d awn o he ac ha in cou cases
in ol ing p ope y, land bounda ies, du ies, and p oo o belonging, such as wi nesses, o al
memo y p ese a ion, and cus oma y law, he "old people" (Russian: старые люди, мужи
старые, lo senes) we e used (Chekis labo: 121134). The pu pose o his a icle is o es ablish
he ime, ci cums ances and his o y o he eco ding o he p o ocol o he in e oga ion
o he wi nesses, and o cla i y wha was he p o ocol o he p ese a ion o he memo y
o he collec i e o he communi ies o Gied aičių, U enos, Tau agnų and Balninkų, and how i
was exp essed.
us11.Visųjų eisėspap očiųišmanymasi iška osįka ąpe duodamaa min is
u ėjokel ipasi ikėjimą iekbylosšalims(a baben  ienaiišjų, .y.Rad ilai
9 Miška Je ičius, Maco skis, T usia, I an Ju ko ičius, I an Šina Žuko ičius (Čelkis 2023): This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Čelkis.
127–128).
I is impo an o no e ha he numbe o wi nesses is no he same as he numbe o wi nesses, and ha
he numbe o wi nesses is no he same as he numbe o wi nesses, and ha he numbe o wi nesses is
no he same as he numbe o wi nesses.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he i s annex, see Čelkis 2023: 121134.
A icles o he 15 h
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
1.Da a and he his o y o he a chi e
The name o he plan is de i ed om he G eek wo d o " oad," which is de i ed om he G eek wo d
o " oad," which is de i ed om he G eek wo d o " oad," which is de i ed om he G eek wo d o
" oad," which is de i ed om he G eek wo d o " oad" and he La in wo d o " oad" which is de i ed
om he G eek wo d o " oad" (B achius) in he 14 h cen u y. I is belie ed ha he minu es o he
A k eip inasdėmesysį ai,kadEdmunduiLauce ičuinebu ožinomaši an-
denženklioa maina13.Jia i inka andenženklįn .70183,į auk ąįelek oninę
examina ion o he wi nesses we e no w i en in cou , bu we e sen o an o ice au ho ized by he
cou . […]18 The la e in e iewed he wi nesses on he spo , and as e idence o he cou had o submi
a w i en es imony. […] I is wo h no ing ha he minu es we e no s amped. […] […] I can be deduced
om his ha he au ho ship o he au ho ship o he wi nesses was e i ied e bally du ing o a e
he ial. […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […]
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
13 Plg. Lauce ičius 1967a: 203[…]213, numbe 1441[…]1506. This is he i s ime ha his has happened. The
Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o
A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 15 Plg. Rábai 2021: 218243. Acco ding o E. Lauce ičius, 15 h cen u y papy i we e
impo ed in o Li huania om I aly, F ance and Ge many (Lauce ičius 1967b: 51). 16 Fo he pape ade in medie al
England, see Rold Da 2020: 5893. O cou se, he ac ual da e o he P o ocol mus ha e been close o 1469 han o
1477. 18 Abou he o icials o he go e no 's cou […] diechks, spies, se gean s and cle ks mo e b oadly see
Valikony ė
2023:54–66.

This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
16 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
ku ieno s mažai eikšmingi, bū ini išsaugo i a ei ies laikams19.P o okolasleng ai
In his case, i should be no ed ha he pe son who made he a chi al eco d
misunde s ood he p o ocol s a emen […]Вдаем, что ж граница […] бринкгелева дорога, а
лькиги дорога[…] длал границурд. […] The g ea Li huanian p incess Algie s had es ablished
he bo de , bu he bo de did no exis be o e he bo de was es ablished. In he back
pa o he p o ocol he e a e also ou en ies ha allow o judge he his o y o i s
a chi ing be ween he 19 h and 19 h cen u ies.21 The ea lies da ed o he middle o he
16 h cen u y.22 In i , as in he en i e ex o he p o ocol, he mano o Vyžu ino was no
ye men ioned.25 In he a chi es o Mikhail Ra ilo and Ju i Rad ilo , i was p ese ed
oge he wi h he documen s o he mano o Vyžu ino in he middle o he 16 h cen u y as
well as in he ime o Aspen (Malezhi sa: 15151515-2015).25 In he a chi es o he o me
mano o Vyžu ino, he documen was no men ioned in he egis e o he o he
documen s.
Thus, du ing he ime o Geo ge Rad ila's son, Mikhail Rad ila Rudojo o Anuko K is upo Rad ila Pe kūno,
a ound he end o he 16 h cen u y, when new pe sonal a chi es we e c ea ed and p ese ed, he
o go en pa o he p o ocol was once again eco ded in he Jamežonas Vilnius om 1605. 20 Regis e
o old swaddling supplies in Uszpolem and Wizunami B yngielowa d ug, which
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
21 See also Appendix 1 (O iginal).
22 Swiadkowie na uszpolskie ziemię adziwilowskie. See also he i s appendix (O iginal).
23 Plg. Ragauskienė 2015: 111138. This is he i s ime ha his has happened.
In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned easons, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance held ha he Cou o Fi s Ins ance did
no ha e ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains he judgmen o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance in he main
Rad iloms,be As ikamsp iklausiusiosVyžuonos,plg.Baliulis2006:98–99.
 25 Reges s a y swiadkow na ozg aniczenie miedzy Uszpolem a Wizunami. Plačiau – 1 p iedas
(O iginal)
A icles o he 17 h
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
p oceedings, since he Cou o Fi s Ins ance did no ha e ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains he judgmen
o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance in he main p oceedings.
The same yea .
In o de o unde s and he p inciples o Li huanian naming in he ime o o igin o he
spoken p o ocol, i is necessa y o b ie ly e iew he spelling o Li huanian names and
he meaning o he names men ioned in he spoken p o ocol.
2. The name and add ess o Ludin
Meaning o his o ical Li huania
VARDYNOTYRIMAMS
Iki Lie u os k ikš o domina o ienana is asmens į a dijimas au iniu lie-
The i s Li huanian su names o ha e in e na ional signi icance in diploma ic documen s a e he
Li huanian kunigaikščių29, e.g. Mindaugo (1251, 1253, 1257 Mindowe ex Le owie (PUB I, 20 1257), 1325 Mindowe
dei g a ia Le owie ( en pa : 18 38), Gediminas (1323 Gediminas dei g a ia ex) and Ru henum (KDL 128) and he
Li huanian a e us and a e us o he Li huanian Ka ls uhe ( en pa : 127) and he Polish a e us. 26
This can be seen om he hi d do sal en y: No(me ) 10. Fo he speci ica ions o he a chi al
desc ip ions o he Rad il Exchange and he Kėdainiai b anches, see K om 2002: czynił Olhi d.
11–14.
 27 Ke i asdo salinisį ašassie inasbū en sulaiko a piu,kuome p o okolaspa ekoįPuslo skių
a chy ą:Reges swiadkow o ozg aniczenia ziemi ouszpolskiey y ou ency: b yndhielowa d oga, k o ą
Fo mo e in o ma ion on he collec ion, see he ca alogue o he 1998 exhibi ion: Xawe y 1998. The names o
29 Li huanian p inces, aken om his o ical documen s in which hey we e a es ed in o eign languages,
we e changed and hei Li huanian gende was de e mined by Kazimie as Būga (I 1913/1958:
232–269).
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
18 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (English and Li huanian Language Ac )
I is no su p ising ha in he sou ces o his pe iod, people we e called by names o
non-Li huanian (non-Bal ic) o igin, bu conside ed Li huanian. Fi s o all, he e m
Li huanian (lei is) mean belonging o he mona ch's social mili a y o ganiza ion, and only
la e began o be iden i ied wi h he e hnic g oup, and e en la e wi h he Li huanian
poli ical na ion.
In addi ion o he name, he su names ha we e common a he ime, he wo ds ha mo e accu a ely
iden i ied he pe son, o en in ela ion o his backg ound (A amaic: ραμιον), kinship, p o ession, e c. Fo
example, he name o he pe son was gi en o he place o esidence o he a he o he 14 h cen u y, and
he su name o he 14 h cen u y was gi en o he place o esidence o he 14 h cen u y. Kesgaylo e
Zzwinwol Wolymun onis and o he s (a he same ime), 1409 And ei Olge dowi sch, Wi old Keis u iewi sch (RLA
138). The naming o pe sons o noble ank and lesse ank on he basis o he a he 's name o desc ip i e
appeals became he basis o he o m and he 16 h cen u y.33 In his wo k, he names w i en in he p o ocols
o he wi nesses a e eliably ans e ed o he p o ocol du ing he ansi ion pe iod, when he name o he
wi ness is con e ed o he ances o . The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h
he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 31 Fo example, Algi do belonged o
he a my and he s achia ic iden i y o An anas, John and Eus a hius (Ba on
pa a dėms(Maciejauskienė1991:31).Pas ebė ina,kadpi mojipa eldimągi-
minės a dąįgijoLie u osdidikųGoš au ųgiminė,naudojusijįpe  isąXVa.
2000); see also Zinke ičius 2005: 1552.
The use o he wo d "dwelling place" in he iden i ica ion o a pe son is also cha ac e is ic o ea lie imes, c .
1264 Pabilde de C oen, 1284 Rameyze de Ke nowe (RSB 83, 84). 33 The las membe o he amily […] S anislo as
Goš au as died in 1542 (Pe auskas 2003: 112; Ragauskienė
2015:118).
A icles o he 19 h
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
2.1 Names o Kilming wi nesses
in he minu es o he examina ion o wi nesses
Only a small p opo ion o he wi nesses, such as he gen lemen om Gied aičiai, we e nobles. This can be
deduced no only om he ac ha only he wi nesses om Gied aičiai a e called by he e m o nobili y,
bu almos all he emaining wi nesses a e named only by name, and by he name o he Gied aičiai […] and
hei a he . In his case, he nobles o S anisław (S ankaus) could be he i s subjec s o he b ide Ekimai
(da Ekimić, b a ego Monić), as well as Gine i is K iače ić (Kine i K iače ić). In he case o he wo b o he s,
i is clea ha he name o he wi ness is he Li huanian na ionali y o he wi nesses, and he names o he
wo b o he s a e he names o he wo b o he s, he name o he wo b o he s is he name o he wo
b o he s, he name o he wo b o he s is he name o he wo b o he s, he name o he wo b o he s is
he name o he wo b o he s, he name o he wo b o he s is he name o he wo b o he s, he name o
he wo b o he s is he name o he wo b o he s, he name o he wo b o he s is he name o he wo
b o he s. name (PVS).
ju a eju a mes inos, nes abejo ina lenkų kalbos į aka lie u iškam a dynui
XV a. p adžioje. P ie neaiškios kilmės p iski ini i  ė a a džiai Рачевич i
 35 Dėl Єда Екимович ž .„Vals iečių a dailiudininkųapklausosp o okole“– Єда i Єка. Монивил –
Mañ ilasšiandieniniamelie u ių a dynenesan is,be  ekomenduojamaslie u iškasd ikamienis
The e is no Li huanian su name wi h he oo K ec- *K iac o *K eč- *K iač- in he meaning ha he son should
s ill be called by he Li huanian name, he a he 's name should also no be o o eign o igin.
(F ench)
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
26 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI
O he , o a a con en , by weigh
A e he p o ocol was used in he ial o Rad il's As ikić in connec ion wi h he bo de s o
he House o Vyžuon, i was deposi ed and s o ed o ou cen u ies in he a chi es o he
ep esen a i es o he House o Vyžuon. Judging by he da ing o he manusc ip , i can be
assumed ha he wi nesses we e ep esen a i es o he second o hi d gene a ion a e
he adop ion o Li huanian bap ism, despi e he Ch is ianiza ion p ocess ha las ed o
abou a cen u y, many o whom s ill used na ional Li huanian names.
• supplemen ed he lis o Li huanian his o ical pe sonal names wi h 13 new names,
no only no used in oday's name, bu also no ound among known his o ical
pe sonal names: mononyms and double na ional Li huanian su names Be nu is,
Daugeidas, Kičius, Madenis Modenis, Melikis Mėlikis, Pu pšys, Rauge a Rauge a,
Ru is, T a ilas, Videi a, Viešgalas, Žadu is Žim odu is, Ž ilis;
In addi ion, he name o Dauman as, a ep esen a i e o he second o hi d
gene a ion o he LDK, was w i en along wi h he names o 14 noble wi nesses om
he Gied aičių, who spoke impo an in o ma ion abou he Li huanian su names o he
15 h cen u y. O he 9 mino su names (o he h ee in he p o ocol), 7 a e Li huanian
su names acco ding o he Li huanian su names, almos one in 31 o he ou majo
g oups o wi nesses, and he mos clea ly indica ed is he Li huanian su name: S as
S anisławski, S as S anisławski, S as S anisławski, S asławski. I is clea ha he
sp ead o Ch is ian names was o be di ec ly ela ed o he sp ead o he ne wo k o
chu ches and pa ishes.

A icles o he 27 h
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
I is no su p ising ha Li huanian su names ha e been mo e common he e. Al hough
he sp ead o Ch is ian names is e iden , he e is a no iceable inc ease in he
adap a ion o su names o o he o igins in o he Li huanian language, such as Jãčius,
Mėčius, Pè kus, S ãnius, e c.
This a icle aises he ques ion o he sea ch o he e ymology o he B engelian oad,
he P engelsche weg, he B inkele oad and he B engelian oad, which has been
es ablished in he his o y o Li huania, which has no been discussed in his o ical
documen s.
In addi ion, he Commission shall:
AGAD, AWR, 160 […] A chi e o he main ac s o he judges in Wa saw, A chi e o
he Wa szawski Radziwiłłów, Dział XXXV, 160.
ALEW I […] Al li auisches e ymologisches Wö e buch, Bd. 1 (A[…]M), unde he leade ship o
W. Hock and he coope a ion o E. J. Buke ičiū ė, Ch. Schille , edi ed by R. Fech , A. H.
Feulne , E. Hill, D. S. Wodko, Hambu g: Ve lag Baa . Alyosha Vy au as, 2009: Saying and
w i ing. Cul u al models o he cas le and he cas le in he G and Duchy o Li huania,
Vilnius: Aidai. Alisauskas Vy au as, Jaszczoł Tomasz, Jo aiša Liudas, Paknys Mindaugas
2009: Li huanian Ca holic cle gy o he 14 h and 16 h cen u ies, by he Chu ch His o y
S udies, Vilnius: Aidai.
Assmann Jan 1988: Kollek i es Gedäch nis und kul u elle Iden i ä . […] Kul u und Gedäch nis, edi ed by J.
Assmann, T. Hölsche , F ank u am Main: Suh kamp, 9[…]19. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used
in his way. Baliulis Algi das 2006: F om he pas o he Vyžuons. […] Vyžuons, he coun y and he people, sud.,
by A. Vyžin as, U ena: U enos Ind a, 98[…]114. In he case o he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he
Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy
Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy
Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy
Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e, he Chu ch o he Holy Sepulch e.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
28 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (English and Li huanian Language Ac )
Ba onas Da ius 2000:T ys Vilniaus kankiniai: gy enimas i is o ija / T es ma y-
es Vilnenses: i a e his o ia:is o inės udijai šal iniai,se .Fon es ecclesias ici his o ia
Li huania, 2, Vilnius: Aidai.
Ba on Da ius 2004: High Cou du ing he ba les wi h he Li onian O de (13 h-14 h cen u ies). […]
Iš Pane ėžio p aei ies: Upy ės žemei 750 me ų: kon e encijos p anešimai, Pane ėžys:
Pane ėžiok aš o y osmuziejus,36–55.
Ba on Da ius, Rowell S ephen C. 2015: The Con e sion o Li huania: F om Pagan Ba ba ians
o La e Medie al Ch is ians, Vilnius: The Ins i u e o Li huanian
Li e a u e and Folklo e.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. B andenbu g
Nikolaj E. 1892: B andenbu g, Nikolai E. Rod o he P inces o Mosal (XV[…]XIX cen u y) [Rod
knjazej Mosal[…]skich (XV[…]XIX cen u y)], col. Genealogical and biog aphical e e ences [koll.
Genealogičeskie and biog aphical speeches], S . Pe e sbu g: ype. […]A ille y o he Jou nal o
he Fu s kaja[…] [Sank -Pe e bu g: ype o he A ille y o he Jou nal o he Fu s kaja]. Būga
Kazimie as 1958: Abou Li huanian pe sonal names. […] Rink iniai aš ai 1, Vilnius: S a e publishing
house o poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e, 201[…]269. CDP V […] Codex Diploma icus P ussicus. This
is a lis o all he o icial languages o he Eu opean Union. The collec ion o ancien his o y o
P ussia om he ime o he King. The Geheimen A chi zu Königsbe g, nebs Reges en, Bd. 5,
edi ed by J. on Voig , Königsbe g: Wilhelm Koch, 1857, was published by he Ge man Academy o Sciences.
CEV–Codex epis ola is Vi oldi magni ducis Li huaniae 1376–1430,collec usope a
A.P ochaska,C aco iae:Sump ibusAcademiaeLi e a omC ac.,1882.
Čelkis Tomas 2014: The e i o y o he G and Duchy o Li huania: he concep o bo de s
and delimi a ion p ocesses in he 14 h-16 h cen u ies, Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y Publishing
House. "Today, we a e celeb a ing he 20 h anni e sa y o he G and Duchy o Li huania's
independence. D ough con ol, Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y publishing house. Čelkis Tomas 2023:
Old people o he 14 h-16 h cen u ies in he sou ces o he his o y o he G and Duchy o
Li huania.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A ū as Dubonis 2011: S a e name. […] Li huanian his o y 3: 13 h cen u y […] 1385 S a e ise
be ween he Eas and he Wes , by D. Ba onas, A. Dubonis, R. Pe auskas,
Vilnius: whi e lances.
A icles o he 29 h
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
Oleg I. Dja no ich, Oleg I. […]Rus[…] and […]Li huania[…] o he G and Duchy o Li huania in he 16 h
and 17 h cen u ies as e hno-con essional and socio-geog aphical egions […]Rus[…] and
[…]Li huanian knyazdom o Veliko sk […] in he 17 h and 17 h cen u ies as e hno-con essional and
social-geog aphical egion[…]. […]Russian Rus[…] a e he 19 h cen u y: Russian-Russian
discou se in Eas e n Rus[…] (Dne na) Guobis Raimondas 2023: The ma ch o Gene al B indelli. […]
Anykš a, Janua y o he yea 2023
31 h day (Tuesday) 3, 8.
H uša Aleksand I. 2015: G uša, Aleksanda I. Documen a y w i ing o he G and Duchy o
Li huania (end o he 14 h […] i s hi d o he 16 h cen u y) [Documen a y w i ing o he
G ea Duchy o Li huania (end o he 14 h […] end o he 16 h cen u y)], Minsk: Bela usian
science [Minsk: Bela uskaja na uka]. H uša Aleksand I. 2019: Wha is he c isis o us ? The
eme gence and app o al o a legal documen in he G and Duchy o Li huania (end o he 14 h
[…] i s hi d o he 16 h cen u y) [C isis o deb ?
IAK […] Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, Resea ch Cen e o Bal ic Languages and Names,
Pe sonal Names W i en om His o ical Sou ces, A chi e, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian
Language. King Laimon as 2014: Measu emen egis e o he Balninkų d a o alakų in he yea
1554. […] His o ical sou ces esea ch 5, edi ed by A. Dubonis, Vilnius: Li huanian Ins i u e o
His o y, 233[…]266. KDL […] Code o Diploma ic A ai s o Li huania, published by E. Raczyński, W ocław: nakładem Zygmun a
Schle e , in he yea 1845.
K om Michail M. 2002: K om, Mikhail M. In he ield o educa ion.
Радзивилловские акты из собрания Российской национальной библиотеки. Первая
половина XVI в. [Radzi illo skieak yizsob anijaRossijskojnacional’nojbiblio eki.
The c ossing is hal way h ough he 16 h cen u y. M. K om, C.P. Memo ials o he his o y
o Eas e n Eu ope. Sou ces om he 15 h-17 h cen u ies. [Se gean o he His o y o
Eas e n Eu ope, 15 h and 17 h cen u ies] Monumen o he his o ical ges u es o Eu ope
in he O ien . Fon es XVVII c.e., Moscow, Wa saw: The T eehouse o he Gods [Moscow, Wa saw:
The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
LAA II […] A las o a chaeology o he Li huanian SSR 2: Piliakalniai, Vilnius: Min is,
1975. Edmund Lauce ičius 1967a: Popie ius in Li huania XV[…]XVIII a. A las, Vilnius: This is he i s ime I ha e seen his.
The mind.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
30 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI Lauce ičius Edmundas 1967b: Popie ius in Li huania XVXVIII c.,
Vilnius: Min is. This is he i s ime ha he Ac a ha e been published in Li huanian. Laužikas
Rim ydas 2005: The chu ch o S . Geo ge in Tau agnai in he 14 h and 20 h cen u ies. […]
Tau agnai, edi ed by V. Mačiekus, P. K ikščiūnas, Vilnius: Ve smė, 482 […] 491. LUBEC IV […] Li -,
es hund cu ländisches U kundenbuch, Bd. 4, h sg. on Li o sky wi h Li onia unde he T ea y
F.G. onBunge,Re al:KlugeundS öhm,1859.
Licke ič Oleg V. 2022: Лицкевич, Олег B. Граница Великого княжества
o Salina o 1398 [G anica Velikogo knyazes a Li o skogo s Li oniej a e he T ea y o Salina
o 1398] […] Cu en p oblems o in e na ional ela ions and diplomacy [Ac ual p oblems o
in e na ional ela ions and diplomacy]: ma e ials o he In e na ional Scien i ic and P ac ical
Con e ence [ma e ials o he In e na ional P ac ical Con e ence], VI May 19, 2022 [Vi ebsk, 19
May 2022], Vi ebsk: VGU in he name o M. M. RIB 20 […] The Li huanian Me ic [Li o skaja me ika]
1: The books o cou cases [Knigi sudnych del], Russian His o ical Lib a y, published by he
Impe ial A chaeological Commission [se . Russkaja is o ičeskaja biblio eka], 20, S . Pe e sbu g:
The Impe ial A chaeological Commission [Sank -Pe e bu g: Impe ial A chaeological Commission],
1903. LIŠ I […] Sou ces o he his o y o he Li huanian SSR 1: Feudal pe iod, Vilnius: S a e
publishing house o poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e, 1955. LKŽE […] Li huanian language
dic iona y 1[…]20 (1941[…]2002), edi ed by G. Nak inienė, J. Paulauskas, R. Pe okienė, V. Vi kauskas,
J. Zaba skai ė, edi ed by G. Nak inienė, e. a ian , Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e, 2008
(upda e, 2018). This is a ailable on he In e ne : h ps: www.ekalba.l LLP […] Li huanian people's
b oadcas s, by N. Vėlius, Vilnius: Min is, 2010. LPDBe […] Li huanian su name da abase. A ailable on
he In e ne a : h ps: h ps: ekalba.l /pa a dziu-duomenu-baze/ [ iewed a 2024-07-18].
LVŽ I […] Li huanian place name dic iona y 1 (A[…]B), edi ed by L. Balode, V. Blažek,
G.Blažienė,V.Ka delis,A.Ragauskai ė,S.Temčinas,J.Udolph,Vilnius:Lie u iųkal-
bosins i u oleidykla,2008.
Maciejauskienė Vi alija 1991: The o ma ion o Li huanian su names in he 13 h o 18 h cen u ies.
Vilnius: The science.
Malczewska Mi osława 1985: La y undium Radziwiłłów in he 15 h o he 16 h
cen u ies, Wa saw, Poznań: published by he S a e Publishing House.
A icles o he T ea y
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
MMAH VI […] Monumen a Medii Ae i His o ica Res Ges as Poloniae Illus an ia 6, Con ine :
Codicem Epis ola em Vi oldi Magni Ducis Li huaniae, Edi ionum Li e gii His o ici Li e a um
C aco iensis N 23, C aco ie Sump ibus Academiae Collea um C ac, Typis Vlad. L. Anozyo e al.
1882. This is he i s edi ion o he book ha has been published.
Pe auskas Rim ydas 2003: Li huanian dynas y in he end o he 14 h cen u y […]
15 h cen u y: composi ion, s uc u e, powe , Vilnius: Aidai.
Pe o sky Nikand A. 1966: Pe o sky, Nikand A. Russian pe sonal name dic iona y
[Slo a ussian pe sonal names], Moscow: So ie encyclopedia [Moscow:
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I […] P eußisches U kundenbuch, ol. 1: Häl e 1, 2, by Ph. D . Wölky, A. Se aphim, Königsbe g in P .
Ha ungsche Ve lagsd ucke ei, 1882 […]1909. This is he i s ime ha a book has been published
in which he e m "Ha ungsche Ve lagsd ucke ei" is used. Pugačiauskas Vi gilijus,
Mas ianica-S anke ič Olga 2021: The His o ical Memo y o he 1812: Wa in Li huania in he 19 h and
Ea ly 20 h Cen u ies: A Complex P ocess. […] Li huanian His o ical S udies 25 (59.97.1) PVS […] Lis
o names o ci izens o he Republic o Li huania.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Rábai K isz ina 2021: The Usage and Acquisi ion o Pape in he Jagiellonian Cou s, 1490-1507. […]
The Pape T ade in Ea ly Mode n Eu ope P ac ices, Ma e ials, Ne wo ks, edi ed by D.
Belling ad , A. Reynolds, Leiden, Bos on: B ill, 218[…]243. Ragauskienė Raimonda 2015: Dingę in he
his o y o he wo ld. a. P i a e a chi es o he 16 h Ba a ian G and Duchy o Li huania, Vilnius:
Publishing house o he Ins i u e o Li huanian His o y. RLA […] Russian-Li onian ac s, edi ed by
K. E. Napie sky, published by he A chi ec u al Commission, S . Pe e sbu g: Impe ial Academy o
Sciences ypog aphy, 1868. Rissisch-Li ländische U kunden, collec ed by K. E. Napie sky, head o
he a chi al commission. ROLD D'ORIETTA: A pape on medie al England: om pulp o ic ion,
published in Camb idge.
This is he Camb idge Uni e si y P ess.
Rowell, C. Sud., 2015: Ac a p imae isi a ionis diocesis Vilnensis anno Domini 1522 pe ac ae:
Vilniaus Kapi ulos A chy o Libe IIb ep oduc ion, in oduced by he au ho S. C. Rowell, se .
His o iae Li uaniae Fon es Mino es, 8, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he His o y o Li huania. RSB […]
Das Rigaische Schuldbuch (1286-1352), edi ed by D . He mann Hildeb and, S . Pe e sbu g:
Commissionä e de Kaise lichen Akademie de Wissenscha en, 1872. This is he i s ime
ha he book has been published. Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2018a: Unknowns o he old Li huanian
double pe sonal names o he Li huanian Me ikos. […] Bal is ica 53(1), 117[…]132.

This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
32 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2018b:NežinomiLie u osMe ikosd ikamieniaiasmen a -
[…] Bal is ica 53(2), 303[…]325. This is he i s ime ha he Cou o Appeal has uled on his
ma e . Sinke ičiū ė Dai a 2019: The second-pe son p onouns o he Li huanian double-pe son
p onouns […] he esul o he in e ac ion o he pagan and Ch is ian p onouns? […] Bal is ica 54(2),
349–359.
Słownik XIII […] Słownik geog a iczny K óles wa Polskiego i innych k ajów słowiańskich 13,
edi ed by B. Chlebowskiego, Wa saw: D uk […]Wieku[…], 1893, which was published by he
Polish Academy o Sciences. SSNO IVII […] Słownik old Polish pe sonal names 1[…]7, W ocław:
Zakład Na odowy imienia Ossolińskich, Wydawnic wo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1965[…]1987.
Šmigelsky ė-S ukienė Ramunė 2009: Te i o y and bo de s o he S a e o Li huania in he
13 h-18 h cen u ies. The his o y o he millennium, Vilnius: Whi e bows, 8[…]65. Tęgowski Jan
1999: The i s gene a ion o Giedyminowiczów, Poznan-W ocław:
This is a his o ical publica ion.
UWKL II […] O icials o he G and Duchy o Li huania. H. Lulewicz, A. Rachuba, P. Romaniuk,
A. Ha a ym; wi h he coope a ion o A. Macuka and J. Aniszczanki, Wa saw: DiG, 2004. V.
Vai ke ičius Vykin as, 2006: Ancien Li huanian sh ines and emples. The Commission shall
be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
I 's a diamond.
Vai ada Vacys 2015a: The de elopmen o Ch is ianiza ion in Žemai ija a he end o he 15 h
cen u y […] in he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y based on pe sonal name da a: example o he
illage o Ka šu os. […] Cul u e […] economy […] socie y: in e ac ion and changes in he Middle
Ages and ea ly mode n imes on he eas e n coas o he Bal ic, by M. Š inčia, Klaipėda: Klaipėda
Uni e si y Publishing House, 205[…]219.
Vai ada Vacys 2015b: The de elopmen o Ch is ianiza ion in Žemai ija a he end o he 15 h
cen u y […] in he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y based on pe sonal name da a: example o he
K azy peasan s. […] Cul u e […] economy […] socie y: in e ac ion and changes in he Middle Ages
and ea ly mode n imes on he eas e n bank o he Bal ic, by M. Š an skas in, Klaipėda:
Klaipėda Uni e si y Publishing House, 220[…]244.
Vai ada Vacys 2015c: The de elopmen o Ch is ianiza ion in Žemai ija a he end o he 15 h
cen u y […] in he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y based on pe sonal name da a: example o he
Telšiai peasan y. […] Cul u e […] economy […] socie y: in e ac ion and changes in he Middle Ages
and ea ly mode n imes on he eas e n coas o he Bal ic, by M. Š an skas in, Klaipėda:
Klaipėda Uni e si y Publishing House, 245 […] 261.
Valikony ė I ena 2023: Rex ius issimus: he cou o he ule in he G and Duchy o
Li huania a he end o he 15 h cen u y […] 16 h cen u y, Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y Publishing House.
A icles o he T ea y
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
The e ymological dic iona y o Li huanian hyd onyms, Vilnius:
I 's science.
VK–Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o Bal ų kalbų i a dyno y imų cen o ie o a džių, už ašy ų
iš gy osios kalbos, ka o eka,Vilnius:Lie u iųkalbosins i u as.
A. Pupkis, M. Razmukai ė, R. Miliūnai ė, edi o -in-chie A. Pupkis, Vilnius: Ins i u e o he
Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias, 2002. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he
aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he
T ea y. Woj kowiak Zbysław 2005: Li huania T answilniensis saec. This species is endemic o
Li huania. Fou een h and six een h. No he n pa o Li huania in he middle ages, Poznań:
Poznańskie Dawns. Wol Józe 1895: Kniaziowie li ewsko- uscy om he end o he
ou een h cen u y, Wa saw: p in ed by J. Filipowicza.
Xawe y 1998: Xawe y Pusłowski. He is a membe o he Polish na ional eam. I 's no a
s awbe y ime. The island o K akow: Te a Nowa. Zabiela Gin au as 1992: The c ea ion
o he S a e o Li huania in he e enings. […] Eas e n Li huania. His o y, cul u e and
language, Vilnius: Science, 12 and 24. Zinkiewicz-Zigmas, 2005: The o igins o Ch is iani y in
Li huania: acco ding o he names o Eas e n Ch is iani y, Vilnius: Ca holic Academy.
Zinke ičius Zigmas 2008: Li huanian pe sonal names, Vilnius: Li huanian language ins i u e.
Zlo Izabela 2018: Ca alogue and in en o y o he books o Zygmun Pusłowskiego.
Biule yn Biblio eki Jagiellońskiej68,99–122.
DARIUSIVOŠKA,ANDREJRYČKOV
34 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XCI (English and Li huanian Language Ac )
Mapping he Bounda ies o Vyžuonos:
15 h-Cen u y Pe sonal Names and he Endu ing
Legacy o No h-Eas e n Li huania
Summa y
The s udy p o ides a de ailed analysis o a wi ness-in e iew p o ocol om 1469-1477, in ol ing wi nesses
om Gdańsk, U ena, Tau ag, and Białys ok, which was eco ded by an anonymous cou o icial in he
mid-nine een h cen u y and documen s he es imonies o 99 nobles and peasan s.These wi nesses,
p esen ed by Lo d Radwał Asz akiewicz o Li huania, unanimously a i med he bounda ies o he Gdańsk
Mano , which was es ablished by he Li huanian G and Duke Gdańsk's amily o app oxima ely ou
cen u ies. This documen p o ides aluable insigh s in o he Li huanian onomas ics by documen ing he
Algi das(†1377)a oundacen u yea lie along heB inkliškės oad.
The esea ch aces hep o ocol’shis o y, e ealing ha a e  he ial,i wasa chi edby
names o 99 wi nesses om he second hal o he 15 h cen u y.Among hese names, some ha e pe sis ed
as pe sonal names o su names in Li huania oday.
Howe e , i is pa icula ly signi ican o no e hose ha ha e allen ou o use, such as Be nu is,
Daugeidas, Kičius, Madenis Modenis, Melikis Mėlikis, Pu pšys, Rauge a Raugė a, Rim u is, T a ilas, Videi a,
Viešgalas, Žadu is Žodu is, Ž ilbu is. The esea ch also unco e s c ucial ex a-linguis ic in o ma ion
ele an o he s udy o he pe sonal names o he Li huanians and Bal s: i e eals ends in naming
p ac ices, he in luence o social s a us on naming con en ions du ing he pe iod, and he p e alence o
Li huanian names compa ed o hose o o he o igins.
Deli e ed on 15 Augus 2024.
This is DARIUS IVOŠKA
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language
The Commission shall be empowe ed o
adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ins i u e o he His o y o Li huania
This Decision shall en e in o
o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
A icles o he T ea y A icles 35
B ėžian Vyžuonų ibą:
Šiau ės y ų Lie u os XV a. asmen a džiai i (ne)pami š as kelias
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The ex o he publica ion is di ided in o sen ences, and he pa ag aphs co espond o he
handw i en pa ag aphs. Mode nized w i ing o la ge and small le e s, sen ence
sepa a ion. The le e s w i en in he publica ion abo e he line a e dis inguished by
w i ing hem in i alics. The missing le e s a e w i en in b acke s, he missing le e s a e
w i en in i alics.
Mos o he Cy illic le e s ha a e no longe used a e le : […], […], е, а. Only he
wo-le e o m is used. In he ankings, he le e is used as u, and he le e […] is used
as я. No e ha only he wo d Ou enci is used.
he o m co esponds o he cu en le e u.
B. . [1469 o 1477] m.
Membe s o he communi ies o Gied aičių, U enos, Tau agnų, Balninkų and h ee
(S ankaus) Sudi ojaičio pa aldiniai paliudija, kad Vyžuonų d a o ibą ies Užpaliais
nus a ė Lie u os didysis kunigaikš is Algi das B inkliškių keliu.
membe s o he communi y o S anislo o O iginal: BJ 329/99, l. [no numbe ed]. The ex
is w i en in wo columns on a 32 x 21 cm shee o pape . The Vandenklis […] head o a
duck, da ed 1469 (Wasse zeichensammlung Picca d Online, no. 70183; access o he
In e ne : h ps: www.wasse zeichen-online.de/wzis/s uk u .php? e =IT1365-PO-70183).
On he B-side o he a chi al no ebook, he e is an en y om abou he middle o he
16 h cen u y […] om he second hal o he i s hal o he 16 h cen u y Swiadkowie
na uszpoly ziemię adziwilowskie; 2) an en y om abou he end o he 16 h cen u y
Regla in a unses zy s skozkow na ozg anic Uszpoly a mianka; 3) an en y om abou
he middle o he 18 h cen u y. 4) abou he 18 h-19 h cen u y, eco d Reges
swiadkow o ozg aniczenia ziemi ouszpolskiey y ou ency: b yndhielowa d oga, k o ą czynił
Olhi d, wha a e you doing?
Nuo ašas (XVIII cen u y, published in he 19 h cen u y,
ansli e a ed in Polish): BJ 324/99, l. [no numbe ed].
[Le column:] […] Uspolskaya 67 he land.
ПанаРодивиловых68,воевод(ы)троцкого,свѣтковъ.Инапервовыставил
кгедроитскыи69паныуголовах:ДоумонтъВоиневич,Юшко акгаилович,
67 Dab. Uspalai ms l. (Uspalai sen., U enos . sa .) was ounded in he 17 h cen u y. 68 Rad ila As ikai is (†
1477) se ed as he go e no o T akų om 1466 o 1477 (Pe auskas 2003: 215 […] 216;
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
69 Dab. Gied aičiai ms l. (Ged aičių sen., Molė ų . sa .) is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name.