RASUOLĖ VLADARSKIENĖ

Institute of the Lithuanian Language

THE USE OF THE WORDS PERŽIŪRĖTI AND PERŽIŪRA IN ADMINISTRATIVE LANGUAGE

KEYWORDS: word meaning, administrative language, lexicon.

The use of the words peržiūrėti and peržiūra in administrative language prompted an investigation of section 1.4.68 of the List of Major Errors, approved by Resolution No. 68 of the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language on 18 December 1997 (Žin., 1998, No. 18-445). It states that the verb peržiūrėti is not to be used in the sense of “reconsider; consider anew, once again”: peržiūrėti (=consider anew, once again) a case, an issue, a procedure, and so on. However, such usage is abundant in administrative language. The aim of this article is, after discussing the presentation of the words peržiūrėti and peržiūra in dictionaries, to examine their actual use in administrative texts and offer suggestions for defining the meanings of these words in dictionaries.

PRESENTATION OF THE MEANINGS OF THE VERB PERŽIŪRĖTI IN DICTIONARIES

Doubts about the use of the verb peržiūrėti apparently arise because it is a prefixed verb formed from the verb žiūrėti with the prefix per-, and is assigned one of the meanings of this prefix given in DŽ: repetition of an action, doing something anew: pérdažyti, pérd irbti, pérgalvoti, pérsiūti. Thus the current meaning of this word would be “to look again.” However, DLKG (1996: 289) states that “[a] prefix usually not only changes the meaning of aspect, but also gives the verb other semantic features. Thus prefixes do not form different aspectual forms, but verbs with different meanings.” Consequently, alongside its primary meaning “to look again,” the verb peržiūrėti could also have other shades of meaning.

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DŽ defines the verb peržiūrėti concisely: “to inspect one after another (while searching or checking)”: I went through all the corners and hiding places, but found nothing. || dialectal: Have a look through your pockets, and you’ll find it.

The word is described more fully and precisely in LKŽₑ. Six meanings of the verb peržiūrėti are given:

1. to see right through, to see through: The walls of that town were transparent and bright as glass prš¹; 2. to inspect: When he now began to look carefully at everything, he soon saw a deer Tat. What photographs (nj.) do we have? You couldn’t look through them all in two days Bt. The two of them looked me over very carefully and left Šlv. The owl looked over all the birds—none had been as beautiful to her as her own child Sln. || ŠT289 to glance through: Perhaps you don’t read [the newspapers] much? – I look through them Mžš. After returning from work, I was in the habit of sitting for another hour or two and looking through the newspapers J.Jank. || to check: I used to check the woollen cloths, to see whether they were woven properly Pv. We walked through the whole forest and looked it over Grz. We’ll have to check the eggs the hens are incubating Aln. So those servants looked and reported what they had found DS72(Rs). He carefully inspects the parts rš. | The [teacher] will look over the exercise books on Monday V.Bub. | refl. tr.: Just to be safe, let’s check our things M.Katil. || to examine thoroughly, to check (a patient): He (the doctor) examined him—there, as soon as he saw what was wrong, he prescribed medicine PnmR. Doctors need to check her health Jrb. I’ll take [the child] to the doctor; he’ll examine [him], maybe he can help Slv. || figurative to reflect on, assess: To critically review one’s previous path rš. The programmes were reviewed and revised rš. | refl. ŠT290. 3. to missee, to mistake something while looking, to fail to recognize: Why are you looking, child? It happens sometimes that an old person mistakes what they see Žg. 4. to damage or affect by looking for a long time: I gazed too long at the white little hands; I stared too long at the glass windowpanes DrskD209. 5. to cast an evil eye on: Evil eyes would cast a spell Lel. 6. tr. to defeat by looking: John and I went to the staring contest, and I outstared him Rdm.

Some of the meanings given in LKŽₑ are more characteristic of dialects; for present-day usage (especially administrative usage), the second meaning, “to inspect,” is important and is perceptively divided into shades of meaning: 1) to glance through; 2) to check; 3) to examine thoroughly, to check (a patient); 4) to reflect on, assess. The third of these is not used in administrative language.

To clarify further the shades of meaning of the verb under discussion, the meanings of the verb patikrinti need to be established. DŽ gives two meanings for this verb: “1) to look at something to establish its authenticity or correctness, to check: check the documents, the cash register; 2) to determine quality or condition: The teacher checked the written assignment.” LKŽₑ gives three meanings; the first is relevant to the case under discussion, while the meanings listed in DŽ are presented as shades of a single meaning: “to look at whether something is correct or meets requirements, to check

¹ Abbreviations of sources such as LKŽ.

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to ascertain by checking; determine the condition: The farmer goes and checks that door—the door is locked. See “

Iš aptartų veiksmažodžio peržiūrėti reikšmių ir jų atspalvių žodynuose ryškėja administracinei kalbai svarbus reikšmės atspalvis „iš(si)aiškinti tikrinant; nustatyti būklę.“ Tokio reikšmės atspalvio nėra pateikta KancKP, čia teigiama, kad „peržiūrėti – gali reikšti skaitant, vartant ar kaip kitaip peržvelgti, susipažinti: Būtina peržiūrėti turimus dokumentus. Įstaigos vadovas, peržiūrėjęs (perskaitęs) dokumentą (susipažinęs su dokumentu), rašo rezoliuciją. Nutarta peržiūrėti (iš naujo) turimus duomenis.“ Tačiau iš karto perspejama: jei peržvelgimu neapsiribojama, o daroma kas nors daugiau, vartotini atitinkami veiksmažodžiai: Taryba peržiūrėjo (=pakeitė, papildė) savo sprendimą. Komisija skundą peržiūrėjo (=išnagrinėjo, apsvarstė iš naujo).

USE OF THE VERB PERŽIŪRĖTI IN ADMINISTRATIVE LANGUAGE

That the verb peržiūrėti is needed and frequently used in administrative Lithuanian is evident from search results in legal-act databases. By 30 October 2013, the LRS legal-act search database contained 6,218 documents using the word peržiūrėti (most often in the infinitive form of the verb, although the plural nominative of the past passive participle also occurs), while the “EUR-lex” database of EU legal acts and other public documents contained 5,327 such documents. It should be noted that instances of this verb or its forms are far more numerous, since in some documents it is used more than once.

That the word peržiūrėti is characteristic of administrative language is also shown by the object-denoting words it takes as its complements. The most frequent are designations of various documents: a general designation (peržiūrėti documents, legal acts, a draft), and names of document types (peržiūrėti a report, directive, order, resolution, ruling, programme, regulation, rules, decision, agreement). In these cases, documents may be peržiūrėti in the physical sense as well, as described in KancKP—to read, leaf through or otherwise look over them and become acquainted with them. However, when the word nuostatos (provisions) appears alongside the name of a document (e.g. peržiūrėti the provisions of a draft), it is clear that the issue is assessing a condition; sometimes it is specified what is being assessed in order to determine the condition or the situa-

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tion, for example: peržiūrėti functions, methods of control, measures, commitments, procedures, the appropriateness of agreements, the policy for implementing decisions, the application of remuneration, or, in general terms, the legal framework. Peržiūrėti (assess suitability) may also be used with certain specific prescribed amounts, for example: the amount of funds and rates; the number of posts; the list of measures; service fees; prices; penalty thresholds and limit values.

An examination of the actual use of this verb and its forms reveals several meanings and shades of meaning in which peržiūrėti is used in administrative language.

1. A meaning associated with direct (physical) viewing—to i n s p e c t, g l a n c e a t, l o o k o v e r data, information, a record, for example:

For public-information purposes, a recipient of Register data may peržiūrėti after confirming consent (Žin. 2013 10 30, Nr. 113–5677); In view of the request submitted, the data recipient is given the opportunity to peržiūrėti VSSIS information via online access (Žin. 2013 10 19, Nr. 110–5469); The testimony of participants in a confrontation, recorded in the minutes of previous interrogations, may be read aloud; the audio and video recordings of those interrogations may also be played back and peržiūrėti only after the participants in the confrontation have given their testimony (LRS, 2013 07 02). Of the 210 cases checked in the LRS legal-act database, peržiūrėti was used in the sense of “look over” in 32 cases. Thus, this meaning is less relevant to administrative language.

2. C h e c k, i.e. determine a condition or situation, usually with the aim of changing it. Several shades of the meaning “check” can be discerned in administrative language:

check, i.e. d e t e r m i n e t h e c o n d i t i o n, for example:

The administrator(s) must check (peržiūrėti) the configuration of the information system and the information-system status indicators regularly, at least once a year (Žin. 2013 08 07, Nr. 86–4310); Five years after this Directive enters into force, the Commission peržiūri its application and submits to the Council a report on the operation of this Directive (OJ C 054, 2012 02 23); the Commission is required, on the basis of BAT, to peržiūrėtų [cable missing – R. V.] whether EU-wide emission limit values need to be set for these types of installations and the emission limit values set out in Annex V need to be amended (Commission report, COM/2013/286, 2013 05 17).

Checking is one of the earlier steps in a process involving amendments to documents; usually, in such cases, the steps are listed, for example:

Instruct the Seimas Chancellery to peržiūrėti and, if necessary, pakeisti or prepare a new procedure governing the organisation of formal Seimas sittings and commemorations—

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applicable legislation (LRS, 2013 06 12); It would be necessary to review current management and administrative structures and assess whether changes are needed and what they should be (OJ C 107, 2011 04 06); Member States shall ensure that emergency response plans are regularly tested, reviewed and revised (EC proposal COM/2012/0242, 2012 05 30). This usage is quite common in legislation.

Two nuances of the verb review meaning “check” stand out: 1) when a state of affairs is assessed and it becomes clear only through the review whether anything needs to be changed: review and assess the information, review and coordinate the recusal procedure, review and, if necessary, amend or prepare new legislation, review the legal framework and determine whether legislation needs to be amended; 2) when review, alongside the meaning “check”, also carries the notion “with a view to changing, clarifying, or adapting to changed circumstances”, e.g.: review the amount of funding and redistribute it, review the measures and reduce their number. Cf. also: Municipal councils should review the already approved rates for allotment garden land and increase them from 1 litas to 3 litai per are (LRS Legal Department opinion, 2013–06–10); It should be noted that no proposal is made to review the state functions being carried out and abandon some of them (Committee opinion, 2013 10 03).

3. C h a n g e, c l a r i f y, a d a p t t o c h a n g e d c i r c u m s t a n c e s.

This meaning is very close to “check with a view to changing”, but differs in the completion of the action. This meaning is most clearly apparent in sentences using past active participles, e.g.: The maximum amounts of fixed tariffs, as reviewed, apply only to producers whose power plants were granted a permit to produce electricity after the date on which those tariffs entered into force (Žin. 2011, Nr. 62-2936); The Directive itself further tightens the elements of the revised recommendations (EC proposal COM/2013/45, 2013 02 05); Revised GPA (Agreement on Government Procurement) text is clearer and more transparent, and ensures equal conditions for suppliers in public procurement procedures [...]. In addition, to enable the public procurement markets of other GPA Parties to be genuinely opened up, the revised text contains entirely new provisions that greatly improve the conditions for EU suppliers participating abroad (EC proposal, COM/2013/143, 2013 03 22).

Sometimes it is simply specified how something should be reviewed, i.e. clarified or changed, e.g.: It was also stressed that the regulatory framework and pension models need to be reviewed (cf. changed, clarified) so as to ensure the security of private pensions (White Paper COM/2012/055, 2012 02 16); On 16 December 2010, the Belgian Government, pursuant to Article 48(6), first paragraph, of the EU Treaty

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submitted a proposal to review Article 136 TFEU by adding a paragraph under which Member States whose currency is the euro may establish a stability mechanism (2011/199/EU: Decision of the European Council of 25 March 2011).

4. R E C O N S I D E R, C O N S I D E R A G A I N. Even before the List of Major Errors was approved in 1997, important documents had established wording using the verb to review in the sense of “reconsider”: A fee is payable for a motion to have a decisionreviewedin absentia, in the amount of fifty litas (Code of Civil Procedure, Žin. 2002, No. 36–1340); In cases, decisions adopted by courts may be reviewedonly by a court and only in accordance with the procedure laid down by law (Law on Courts, Žin. 1994, No. 46–851). Although such usage is not recommended, it can be found both in Lithuanian documents and in translated EU documents, for example:

An appeal is a request addressed to the appeals commission of a certification body, in which the applicant asks it to review its decision on organic production certification (Žin., 2009 01 17, Nr. 6–178); The Supreme Court is the sole court of cassation with jurisdiction to review final judgments, decisions and orders of the Lithuanian Supreme Administrative Court (Legal Department opinion, 2013 09 04); the contested decision was adopted by an administrative authority and no judicial body has the competence to review all its aspects (OJ C 120, 2011 04 16); a final infringement decision is a decision on an infringement adopted by a competition authority or an appeal court that can no longer be reviewed (EC proposal COM/2013/404, 2013 06 17).

USE OF THE NOUN REVIEW

When discussing the verb to review, it is also necessary to consider its suffixed derivative, the noun review. In administrative language, the noun review is used less often than its base word, the verb to review. By 30 October 2013, 3,986 documents containing this word in various grammatical cases had been found in the LRS legal acts search database; the genitive form review is used most frequently—in 1,779 documents. This noun is used far more often in EU documents: the “EUR-lex” database yielded 11,440 documents (for the same period) in which various grammatical forms of the word review are used.

Both LKŽₑ and DŽ give the same meaning for this noun, “viewing, checking,” but provide different examples: “screenings of performances

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committee” (DŽ) and “Screening of performances DŽ. I am sending you two fairy tales for review, to see whether they will be good Blv. Screening committee VŽ1905, 49. Before the holidays, the house needs to be inspected Rš” (LKŽ_e). These terse examples make it difficult to determine what kind of inspection is meant. Therefore, one must rely on the meanings of the base verb.

Before Lithuania joined the EU, this word was not common in administrative language. The first recorded instances of its use in the LRS legal acts search database are from translated documents, for example: At its first meeting, the Conference of the Parties reviews whether the subsections (a) and (b) submitted earlier have become obsolete. Such reviews are carried out on the basis of the best available scientific information and an assessment of climate change and its effects, as well as relevant technical, social and economic information. On the basis of this review, the Conference of the Parties shall take appropriate measures, which may include amendments to the commitments set out in subsections (a) and (b) (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Žin. 1995 03 15, No. 23–521). This passage clearly shows that review is used in the sense of checking, that is, determining the existing state of affairs and its suitability under current circumstances. This usage was also found elsewhere, for example: review of the treaty (Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, Žin. 1997 12 03, No. 109–2761); review of the implementation of the Convention (Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, Žin. 1998 04 15, No. 35–935). In 1998, review also appeared in the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Anti-Dumping, but it is highly likely that it found its way there because the law was drafted with reference to international agreements on anti-dumping measures. From 2000 onward, review gradually spread to documents drafted in Lithuania as well, first of all those dealing with the coordination of international trade relations (e.g., the Law on Countervailing Duties and the Law on Safeguard Measures).

When discussing the verbal noun review, it is also worth mentioning reviewing, which is likewise derived from the verb to review and can sometimes be used in a very similar sense to review, for example: reviewing legal acts, contracts, programme provisions and recommendations. In the LRS database, this word is used chiefly in documents relating to two important legal acts and their wording: Review of Court Decisions Not Yet Having the Force of Law reviewing by way of appeal (Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania); Article 62. Review of a Ruling of the Constitutional Court reviewing (Law on the Constitutional Court).

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CONNECTIONS WITH THE MEANINGS OF WORDS IN OTHER LANGUAGES

It is likely that translations are promoting the spread of the word review in Lithuanian administrative language. This is suggested both by the dates on which documents containing the word review were adopted and by the fact that those documents are translations. The Lithuanian word review is used to translate two English words: review and revision. ALKŽ lists 8 meanings of the English word review in Lithuanian, three of which are characteristic of documents: 1) overview, survey; 2) inspection, viewing; checking; 3) law. reconsideration; his case is in under review – his case is being reviewed. The IATE database of EU institutions’ translators gives the following translations of terms: ethics review – assessment of ethical aspects; viability review – viability assessment; engagement quality control review – engagement quality control inspection. The English word also has shades of meaning that essentially correspond to the meanings of the base verb review to review: the first meaning, “overview,” can be associated with looking something over and becoming acquainted with it; the second, “assessment of a state or condition, checking”; and the third meaning (included in the list of major errors, but used in legal language), “reconsideration.”

In discussing the verb to review, another meaning, “to change,” was identified; the noun review derived from this meaning of the verb is also used in administrative language. In English, this word is translated as revision. Interesting data on how the word review relates to data from other languages can be found in the European Union’s multilingual thesaurus, “Eurovoc.” It gives the Lithuanian term Treaty revision and its translations into 22 EU languages; in more than half of them (12), the expressions contain an international word: Spanish revisión del Tratado; Danish revision af EU-traktat; English revision of the Treaty; French révision de traité; Croatian revizija Ugovora o EU; Italian revisione del trattato; Maltese reviżjoni tat-Trattat; Polish rewizja traktatu; Portuguese revisão de tratado; Romanian revizuire a unui tratat; Slovak revízia zmluvy; Slovenian revizija Pogodbe. In some other languages, words meaning “change” are used (Bulgarian изменение на договор; German Vertragsänderung; Czech změna smlouvy). Latvians have a word formed similarly to the Lithuanian one (Līguma pārskatīšana). The words review and pārskatīšana have the same structure as the international word (formed from a prefix denoting an action repeated anew and a noun denoting the directing of one’s eyes in order to see).

TŽŽ 2013 lists six meanings of the international word revision; the fifth meaning is “review and amendment of a law or treaty.” In fact, this term is hardly used in Lithuanian administrative language; revision of a treaty-

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There are no instances of žijų in the LRS legal acts database, while įstatymo revizija, in its various inflected forms, occurs 18 times in total, of which only 5 instances are in written language; the others are in transcripts of LRS sessions (spoken language). In this sense, peržiūra. is used.

REVIEW IN EU INSTITUTIONS’ TRANSLATED DOCUMENTS

In EU institutions, peržiūra is a procedure related to amendments to legal regulation recorded in documents: Union producers may submit a written request for a review (OJ C 119, 2012 04 24); Having initiated a review, the Commission reserves the right to conclude it, even if the review is withdrawn by the party that requested it request for review (OJ C 086, 2012 03 23); If Member States wish to introduce a certain form of assurance, they should begin providing new types of statutory services specifically tailored to the needs of SMEs, such as a “limited audit” or “statutory review”, under which auditors would carry out limited-scope procedures to detect inaccuracies due to error or fraud (Green Paper COM/2010/0561).

Review may be accompanied by various modifiers indicating that different types are meant, for example: Following initial review of the European voluntary humanitarian aid sector identified shortcomings (OL L 056, 2012 02 29); Minimal review, to take account of case law. Comprehensive review, to adapt the directive to current conditions in the pharmaceutical sector (Commission working document, 2012 03 01); With many indicator values exceeding the reference thresholds, following an economic review of the results summaryvarious challenges are evident at both the internal and external levels (Commission report COM/2012/068, 2012 02 14).

In EU documents, the word peržiūra is typically used in the sense of “examination”, for example: asks the Commission, in its 2011 review, to consider the possibility of completely abolishing roaming charges within the EU (OJ C 136 E, 2012 05 11); In 2010, many JUs [joint undertakings] began a review of strategic documents and set about updating research priorities, which inform the selection of competition topics, to take account of scientific progress and the changing needs of various sectors (Commission report COM/2012/0190, 2012 04 27); The purpose of these reviews is to ensure consistency with the “Solvency II” initiative and to promote cross-border activity in this area, as well as help improve the situation of pension systems throughout the EU (White Paper COM/2012/055, 2012 02 16).

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These examples show that review is not merely a simple examination, that is, an assessment of a situation, but also entails certain targeted changes made in response to circumstances or particular objectives.

The unclear meaning of the words peržiūrėti and peržiūra is also borne out by Government of the Republic of Lithuania Resolution No. 390 of 11 April 2012, “On Amending Resolution No. 1558 of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania of 25 November 2009 ‘On Approval of the Description of the Procedure for Flood Risk Assessment and Management’” (Official Gazette, 2012 04 19, No. 46–2230). It provides that the earlier resolution is to be amended by replacing the word “consider” with “review”; replacing the word “consideration” with “review”; and replacing the word “considering” with “reviewing”. The following wording in the resolution is amended:

2.1.2. consider (to be replaced by review) and, where necessary, no later than 22 December 2018, and thereafter every six years, approve reports on the preliminary flood risk assessment and any amendments to them; 2.1.3. submit the following reports to the Commission of the European Communities: [...] 2.1.3.3. on the preparation, consideration (to be replaced by review) or amendment of flood hazard and flood risk maps, no later than 22 March 2014 and thereafter every six years; 2.1.3.4. on the preparation, consideration (to be replaced by review) or amendment of flood risk management plans, no later than 22 March 2016 and thereafter every six years. [...] 19. When considering (to be replaced by When reviewing) flood hazard and flood risk maps, the effects of climate change on the occurrence of floods must be taken into account.

It is likely that the verbs consider and consideration appeared in the original text of the Government resolution in order to avoid the error mentioned in the aforementioned item of the List of Major Errors, but the correction went too far, and the resulting overcorrection later had to be rectified.

CONCLUSIONS

The verb peržiūrėti and its derivative peržiūra are frequently used in administrative language, as confirmed by search results in legal acts databases. These words are characteristic of administrative language because they express matters related to the amendment of legal regulation recorded in documents.

Four meanings of the verb peržiūrėti can be distinguished in contemporary administrative language: 1) to inspect, scan, review data, information, or a record; 2) to check, that is, to establish a condition or situation, usually with a view to changing it; 3) to change or revise something in pursuit of certain goals, adapting it to changed circumstances; 4) to reconsider, to consider anew.

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It is likely that the spread of the word peržiūra in Lithuanian administrative language is encouraged by the influence of translations. This is suggested both by the adoption dates and translated nature of the documents in which the word peržiūra began to be used, and by statistics from the European Union legal acts and other public documents database “EUR-lex”.

The descriptions of these words in Lithuanian dictionaries (DŽ, LKŽ_e) are inadequate; therefore, when compiling new dictionaries, attention should be paid to the changed usage of these words in administrative language. Their codification should also be revised: the meanings discussed should not be considered errors, much less serious ones.

A B B R E V I A T I O N S

ES – European Union LRV – Government of the Republic of Lithuania EK – European Commission OL – Official Journal EP – European Parliament Žin. – Official Gazette LRS – Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania

L I T E R A T U R E

ALKŽ 2000: Piesarskas B. Anglų–lietuvių kalbų žodynas, Vilnius: Alma littera.

DLKG 2006: Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatika. Red. Vytautas Ambrazas, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.

DŽ 2011: Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vyr. redaktorius Stasys Keinys. Šeštas (trečias elektroninis) leidimas. Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2011. Prieiga per internetą: <http://dz.lki.lt>.

EUR-lex – European Union legal acts and other public documents database “EUR-lex”. Available online: <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/lt/index.htm>.

EV – Eurovoc. Multilingual thesaurus of the European Union. Available online: <http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=lt> (accessed 2013 10 02).

IATE – Multilingual terminology database of the European Union, IATE. Available online: <http://iate.europa.eu/iatediff/switchLang.do?success=mainPage&lang=lt>.

KancKP 2007: Kanceliarinės kalbos patarimai. Sud. Pranas Kniūkšta, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, internetinis leidimas. Prieiga per internetą: <http://lkz.mch.mii.lt/Kancelarinis>.

LKŽ_e 2005: Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 1–20 (elektroninis variantas). Vyr. red. G. Naktinienė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas. Prieiga per internetą: <www.lkz.lt>.

SB – Legal acts search database of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania. Available online: <http://www.lrs.lt>.

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TB – Bank of Terms of the Republic of Lithuania. Available online: <http://www.vlkk.lt/lit/terminai>.

TŽŽ 2013: Tarptautinių žodžių žodynas. Redaktorių taryba: Angelė Kaulakienė ir kt., Vilnius: Alma littera.

Received 2013 12 05

Accepted 2013 12 20

USE OF THE WORDS PERŽIŪRĖTI AND PERŽIŪRA IN ADMINISTRATIVE LANGUAGE

S u m m a r y

The aim of the article is to discuss the presentation of the words peržiūrėti (to review) and peržiūra (a review) in dictionaries and to analyse their actual use in administrative texts as well as to provide recommendations on the definitions of these words in dictionaries. The verb peržiūrėti and its derivative peržiūra are often used in administrative language; it is also confirmed by the results of the search in the databases of legal acts. These words are characteristic of administrative language because they express matters relating to the change of legal regulation recorded in documents. The definitions of these words in the dictionaries of the Lithuanian language (Dictionary of Modern Lithuanian, Dictionary of Lithuanian) are not sufficient; therefore, attention should be paid to the changed use of these words in administrative language when compiling new dictionaries.

Four meanings of the verb peržiūrėti, characteristic of contemporary administrative language, can be distinguished: 1) to take a look at, to scan through, to revise data, information, entry; 2) to inspect, i.e. to determine the state, condition in order to change it; 3) to change, update for specific purposes; to adapt to the new circumstances; 4) to reconsider, to consider one more time.

It is likely that the spread of the word peržiūra in Lithuanian is driven by the impact of translations. Such a conclusion is prompted by the dates of approval of documents that mark the beginning of the use of the word peržiūra and the translation type of such documents as well as statistical data of the database of EU legal acts and other public documents EUR-lex.

KEYWORDS: meaning of words, administrative language, lexis.

RASUOLĖ VLADARSKIENĖ

Institute of the Lithuanian Language

Petro Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius

[email protected]

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