Žodžių „peržiūrėti“ ir „peržiūra“ vartojimas administracinėje kalboje

112 Languages culture | 86 RASUOLĖ VLADARSKIENĖ Lithuanian Language Institute WORD REVIEW And REVIEW USE aDMINIstraCINĖJE KalboJE KEY WORDS: meaning of words, administrative language, lexicon. The use of the words peržiūrėti and peržiūra in the administrative language was prompted by paragraph 1.4.68 of the List of Major Errors approved by the State Lithuanian Language Commission by Decision No. 68 of 18 December 1997 (Journal of Laws, 1998, No. 18-445). It states that the verb to review should not be used in the meaning of ‘to reconsider; „re-examine, reconsider“: to review (=re-examine, reconsider) a case, question, procedure, etc., but similar usage is abundant in administrative language. The aim of this article is to discuss the presentation of the words review and review in dictionaries, to examine their actual use in administrative texts and to make proposals for defining the meanings of these words in dictionaries. Some doubts about the use of the verb nagrinėti seem to arise because it is a prepositional verb, made from the verb žiūrėti with the prefix per, and it is assigned one of the meanings of this prefix as indicated in the DŽ: repetition of the action, redoing something: pérdažyti, pérdirbti, pérgalvoti, pérsiū ti. so the operative meaning of this word would be “to look again.” but DlKG (1996: 289) writes that the verb “[p]refix usually not only changes the meaning of the verb, but also gives the verb different characteristics of meaning. so with prepositions are not made different forms of the verb, but verbs of different meanings“. Thus, the verb peržiūrėti could have other meanings besides the basic meaning of “to look again”. r. VlaDarsKIENĖ. The use of the words peržiūrėti and peržiūra in the administrative language 113 The verb peržiūrėti in DŽ is described in a concise way: „one after another to inspect (seeking, checking)“: ~I went all the corners, corners, and I did not find. ‖ sngr. : Look in your pockets and you'll find it. More broadly and precisely this word is described in lKŽe. Here are six meanings of the verb to view: 1. clearly see, see through: The walls of the city were seen as clear as glass prš1; 2. examine: When he now began to examine everything carefully, he saw a deer tat. What do we have of those pictures, in two days you wouldn't look at Bt. Black looked at me so nicely and went slv. When the owl looked at all the birds, no one was so beautiful to her as her own child sln. ǁ Št289 flicker: Don't you read [newspapers] a lot? – Paržiūriù Mžš. When I came back from work, I used to sit for another hour, reviewing the newspapers J.Jank. ǁ check: I checked the fabrics, wool, if well woven Pv. We looked over the whole forest, looked at Grz. I'm gonna have to look at the eggs, what the hens lay. Then the servants looked, and told how they had found it. Trailers are viewing details see | notebooks [teacher] will view Monday V.bub. | refl. T.R. : For all that, let's look at our stuff M.Katil. ǁ nuodugniai apžiūrėti, patikrinti (ligonį): Jis (daktaras) péržiūrėjo, va, kad mačija, tai tuoj vaistus išrašis Pnmr. Doctors need to check her health, Jrb. I'll go to the doctor [child], he'll look at it, he'll help a little bit. ǁ prk. reflect, evaluate: Critically review your previous path p. The programmes have been reviewed and revised see | refl. No. 290. 3. get lost, make a mistake while looking, confess: What do you, child, get up, look, it happens to an old man sometimes to look at 4. damaged, affected by long viewing: I looked at the white handles, I looked at the glass windows DrskD209. 5. nužiūrėti: the eyes were bad péržiūrėdavo lel. 6th ed. overcome by looking: I went with John to the sight, and I looked at him rdm. Some of the meanings presented in lKŽ are more typical of dialects, for current (especially administrative) usage the second meaning „atžiūrėti“ is important, insightfully divided into nuances of meaning: 1) look over; 2) to verify; 3) thoroughly examine, check (hospital); 4) reflect, evaluate. The third is not used in the administrative language. further refining the nuances of the verb in question, the meanings of the verb check should be clarified. DŽ indicates two meanings of this verb „1) to look for certainty, fairness, to check: to check documents, cash; 2) to determine the quality, condition: The teacher checked the written work.” lThe three values presented in KŽ, the first value relevant to the case under consideration, the values indicated in DŽ are presented as shades of one value “to see if what is correct, whether it meets the requirements, to control the quality of the written work.” 1 Abbreviations of sources as lKŽ. 114 Languages Culture | 86 liuoti, out(si)nterpreti patikrinant; determine the condition: The gaspador goes, checks that door – the door is locked See.” From the discussed meanings of the verb peržiūrėti and their nuances in the dictionaries, an important nuance of the meaning for the administrative language emerges: “to (ex)plain in the process of; determine the state." such a shade of meaning is not given in KancKP, here it is stated that "péržiūrėti – can mean reading, turning or otherwise looking through, acquainting: It is necessary to review the available documents. The head of the institution, after reviewing (reading) the document (knowing the document), makes the resolution. It was decided to review (again) the available data.“ but immediately warns: if the review is not limited to, but does something more, the appropriate verbs should be used: The Council revised (= changed, supplemented) its decision. The Commission reviewed the complaint (= examined, reconsidered). Activity aDMINIstraCINĖJE KalboJE The fact that the verb peržiūrėti is necessary and often used in administrative Lithuanian language can be seen from the search results in the legislative databases. As of 30 October 2013, 6218 documents containing the word review (mostly in the communicative form of the verb, although there is also a plural nominative of the passive past participle) were found in the lrs legislative search database, and 5327 such documents were found in the Eur-lex database of EU legislation and other public documents. It must be said that the use of this verb or its forms is much more frequent, as it is used more than once in some documents. the fact that the word view is typical of the administrative language is also shown by the objective words to which it is associated. The most common of them are the names of various documents: general name (to review documents, legislation, draft), names of types of documents (to review report, directive, order, decree, order, program, regulation, rules, decision, agreement). In these cases, it is also possible to view documents in the physical sense, as described by the KancKP – by reading, turning or otherwise reviewing, getting acquainted with them. but when the word provisions appears next to the document name (e.g., view project provisions), then it is clear that it is about a condition assessment, sometimes indicating what the assessment determines about the condition or par. VlaDarskienė. The use of the words review and review in the administrative language 115 means, for example, to review functions, methods of control, measures, commitments, procedures, the suitability of agreements, decision-making policies, the application of remuneration, or simply in general – legal regulations. It is also possible to review (evaluate the suitability) certain specific amounts, e.g.: the amount of funds, rates; the number of posts; a list of measures; payments for services; prices; limits of fines, thresholds. After analyzing the actual use of this verb and its forms, several revised meanings and their nuances are highlighted in the administrative language. 1. the meaning related to direct (physical) viewing – a p ž i ū r ė t i, p e r m e s t i a k i m i s, p e r ž i ū r ėt i data, information, record, e.g. : Data published for public information purposes may be viewed by the recipient of the Register data after confirming consent (Journal of Laws 2013 10 30, No. 113-5677); Based on the submitted request, the recipient of the data is given the opportunity to view the information in VSSIS by means of an authorization application online (Journal of Laws 2013 10 19, No. 110-5469); Publication of the testimony of the participants in the confrontation, recorded in the minutes of previous interviews, as well as listening to and viewing the audio and video recordings of those interviews is allowed only after the participants in the confrontation have given their testimony (lrs, 2013 07 02). Of the 210 cases checked in the lrs legislative acts database, in 32 cases review was used with the meaning of “review”. so this meaning is less relevant to administrative language. 2. Pa t i k r in t i, i. e. to establish a condition, a position, usually with the aim of changing it. In administrative language, there are several nuances of the meaning of “check”: check, i. e. n u s t a t y t i bū k l ę, e.g. : Administrator (s) must check (review) the information system configuration and information system status indicators regularly, not less than once a year (Journal of Laws 2013 08 07, No. 86-4310); Five years after the entry into force of this Directive, the Commission shall review its application and submit a report to the Council on the functioning of this Directive (OJ C 54, 23.2.2012); requires the Commission to review, on the basis of BAT, [comma missing – R.V.] whether EU-wide emission limit values are required for these types of installations and to amend the emission limit values set out in Annex V (EC Report, CoM/2013/286, 17.5.2013). Check is one of the previous steps in the process involving the change of documents, usually in such cases these actions are named, e.g. : To entrust the Seimas Secretariat with reviewing and, if necessary, amending or drafting new regulations governing the organization of solemn Seimas sittings and commemorations. 116 Languages Culture | 86 sančius legislation (lrs, 2013 06 12); The current governance and administrative structures should be reviewed to assess whether and what changes are needed (OJ C 107, 06.04.2011); Member States shall ensure that contingency plans are tested, reviewed and revised on a regular basis (EC proposal CoM/2012/0242, 30 May 2012). such use is quite common in legislation. There are two shades of the verb to review the meaning of "check": 1) when the state is assessed and only during the review it becomes clear whether something will need to be changed or not: review and evaluate the information, review and harmonize the removal procedure, review and, if necessary, amend or prepare new legislation, review legal regulations and determine whether it is necessary to change laws; 2) where the meaning of review includes, in addition to the meaning of ‘check’, the characteristic of ‘to modify, refine, adapt to changed circumstances’, e.g. to review the level of funds and redistribute them, to review measures and reduce their number. But plg. : Municipal councils should review the already approved rates for amateur garden land and increase them from 1 litas to 3 litas per acre (conclusion of the law department, 2013-06-10); It should be noted that there is no proposal to review the functions performed by the state and to relinquish some of them (Committee conclusion, 03.10.2013). 3. To change, to correct, to adapt to the changed a p l i n k y b i ų. This meaning is very close to the meaning of “to check, in order to change”, but there is a difference in the completion of the action. most clearly this meaning is evident in sentences that use past participles, e.g. : The revised maximums of fixed tariffs apply only to producers whose power plants were authorised to produce electricity after the date of entry into force of these tariffs (Journal of Laws 2011, No. 62-2936); The directive itself further strengthens elements of the revised recommendations (EC proposal CoM/2013/45, 05.02.2013); The revised GPA (Government Procurement Agreement) text is clearer and more transparent and ensures equal conditions for suppliers in public procurement procedures [...]. In addition to allowing for a real opening of the procurement markets of other GPA Parties, the revised text contains completely new provisions that significantly improve the conditions for EU suppliers to participate abroad (EC proposal, CoM/2013/143, 22 March 2013). Sometimes it simply indicates how to revise, i.e. clarify, amend, e.g. : It also highlighted the need to review (see change, clarify) the regulatory framework and pension models in order to ensure the security of private pensions (White Paper CoM/2012/055, 16.02.2012); of 16 December 2010 by the Government of Belgium pursuant to Article 48(6) of the TEU r. VlaDarsKIENĖ. 117 In the first paragraph of Article 136 TFEU, the Commission proposed to revise (see amend, clarify) Article 136 TFEU by adding a paragraph allowing the Member States whose currency is the euro to establish a stability mechanism (2011/199/EU: European Council Decision of 25 March 2011). When approving the List of Major Errors, the wording with the verb to review in the meaning of “to reconsider” was incorporated into important documents: For 4. P e r sva r s t y t i, ap s va r s t y t i i š n a u j o. Dar prieš 1997 m. paan application to review a decision in absentia, a signing fee of fifty litas is payable (Code of Civil Procedure, Gazette 2002, No. 36-1340); The decisions of the courts in cases may be reviewed only by the court and only in accordance with the procedure laid down by law (the Courts Act, Official Gazette 1994, No 46-851). And although such usage is not presentable, it can be found in Lithuanian documents and in translated In Es documents, e.g. : Appeal – a request addressed to the Appeal Board of the certification body, by which the applicant requests review of its decision on the certification of organic production (Journal of Laws, 2009 01 17, No. 6-178); The Supreme Court is the only court of cassation for reviewing final decisions, rulings and orders of the Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania (conclusion of the Legal Department, 04.09.2013); the contested decision was taken by an administrative authority and no judicial authority has jurisdiction to review all its aspects (OJ C 120, 16.4.2011); Final decision on an infringement – a decision on an infringement by a competition authority or an appeal court that is no longer subject to review (EC proposal CoM/2013/404, 17 June 2013). When it comes to the verb review, it is necessary to discuss the derivative noun of its ending review. The noun review is used less frequently in administrative language than its base word review. In the lrs legislative search database up to 30 October 2013, 3986 documents were found in which this word was used in various syllables, the most – in 1779 documents – the originator revisions. This noun is used much more frequently in ES documents – in the Eur-lex database (for the same period) 11 440 documents were found, in which the word peržiūra is used in various idioms. Both lKŽe and DŽ indicate the same meaning of this noun “review, verification”, only different examples are given: 118 Languages Culture | 86 commission" (DŽ) and "shows review DŽ. I'm sending him two pieces for review, if they'll be good blv. 1905. pp. 49. "Première de la saison des fêtes de fin d'année" (in French). From such jacket samples it is difficult to determine what type of inspection is being discussed. therefore rely on the meanings of the base verb. in the administrative language before Lithuania joined the EU this word was not common, and the first recorded cases of use of this word in the search database of legal acts are from translated documents, e.g. : The Conference of the Parties shall, at its first meeting, review whether subparagraphs (a) and (b) above are obsolete. Such reviews shall be based on the best available scientific information and assessment of climate change and its impacts, as well as relevant technical, socio-economic information. On the basis of this review, the Conference of the Parties shall take appropriate measures, which may include amendments to the commitments referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, O.J. 1995, No. 23-521). It is clear from this passage that review is used in the sense of checking, when the current state of affairs and its appropriateness in the present circumstances are determined. There have been more such uses, for example: the revision of the Treaty (Budapest Treaty on the Recognition of the International Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, OJ 03.12.1997, No 109-2761); review of the application of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction, OG 1998 04 15, No. 35-935. It is true that in 1998 the revision appeared in the anti-dumping law of the Republic of Lithuania, but there is a high probability that it got there because the law was based on international agreements on anti-dumping measures. Since 2000, revision has gradually spread in documents prepared in Lithuania, primarily in those where international trade relations are harmonized (e.g., the Act on Compensatory Duties, the Act on Protection Measures). In the case of the verb noun review, it is also appropriate to mention review, which is also a derivative of the verb review, and can sometimes be used in a very similar sense as review, e.g.: review of legislation, treaties, programme provisions, recommendations. lrs this word in the database is mainly used in documents related to two important legislative acts and their formulations: Review of unlawful court decisions by appeal (Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania); Article 62. Review of a decision of the Constitutional Court (Constitutional Court Act). r. VlaDarsKIENĖ. 119 INTERACTIONS WITH THE MEANINGS OF WORDS IN OTHER LANGUAGES It is likely that the word review in the administrative language of Lithuania is promoted by the influence of translations. both the date of adoption of the documents in which the word review is used and the translation of those documents suggest this. The Lithuanian word peržiūra translates two English words: review and revision. alKŽ lists 8 meanings of the English word review in Lithuanian, of which three are typical for documents: 1) apžvalga, apžvalgimas; 2) inspection, review; inspection, 3) law. review; his case is in under review – his case is under review – his case is under review vialibity review; engagement quality control review – engagement quality control review. The peržiūrima. Es institucijų vertėjų duomenų bazėje IatE pateikiamas tokių English word also has shades of meaning, basically they correspond to the meanings of the review base verb to review: the first meaning “review” – can be associated with physical review, acquaintance; The second meaning is “assessment, verification of the state”, the third meaning (included in the list of major errors, but used in legal language) is “review.” When discussing the verb review, another meaning “change” was raised, from this meaning of the verb review is also used in administrative language. In English, this word is translated as revision. Interesting data on the relation of the word view with other language data can be found in the European Union's multilingual thesaurus Eurovoc. It contains the Lithuanian term Sutarties peržiūra and its translation into 22 ES languages, of which more than half (12) are compounds with the international word: in Spanish revisión del Tratado; in Danish revision af EU-traktaten; in English: revision of the Treaty; in French révision de traité; in Croatian revizija Ugovora o EU; Italian k. revision of the treaty; in Maltese reviżjoni tat-Trattat; in Polish rewizja traktatu in Portuguese revisão de tratado; in Romanian revizuire a unui tratat; in Slovak revízia zmluvy; in Slovenian revizija Pogodbe. In some other languages, the words used denote an amendment (Bulgarian: изменение на договор; German: Vertragsänderung; Czech: změna smlouvy). Latvians have a similar verb as Lithuanians (Līguma pārskatīšana). The structure of the words pārskatīšana and pārskatīšana is the same as that of the international word (composed of a prefix, meaning a repeated action, and a noun, denoting the direction of the eyes in order to see). tŽŽ 2013 indicates six meanings of the international word revision, the 5th meaning is “law, contract review and amendment.” true, such a term is almost not used in administrative Lithuanian language, contract revision is 120 Languages Culture | 86 zijų lrs legislative acts are not in the database at all, and the revision of the law in various dialects has been used 18 times in total, of which only 5 cases in written language, others – in lrs meetings transcripts (oral language). This value uses a preview. REVIEW OF EU INSTITUTIONS IN THE DOCUMENTS In the EU institutions, a review is a procedure involving a change in the legal framework, which is documented: Union producers can submit a written request for a review (OJ C 119, 24.4.2012). Once a review has been initiated, the Commission reserves the right to conclude it, even if the requesting party decides to withdraw its request for a review (see C 086 of 23.3.2012); If Member States want some form of assurance, introduce new types of statutory services specifically tailored to the needs of SMEs, such as "limited audits" or "statutory reviews" where auditors would carry out limited procedures to detect inaccuracies due to error or fraud (Green Paper Com/2010/0561). A review may have different tags to indicate that it is about different types of it, e.g. : The initial review of the European Voluntary Aid Sector identifies weaknesses (OJ L 056, 29.2.2012); Minimal revision to take account of case law. A comprehensive review to adapt the Directive to current pharmaceutical conditions (EC Working Paper, 01/03/2012); With many indicator values exceeding the benchmarks, the review of the economic scoreboard reveals a variety of challenges, both internally and externally (EC Report CoM/2012/068, 14.02.2012). The word "review" is used in Es documents with the meaning of "check", e.g. asks the Commission to consider the possibility of completely abolishing roaming charges within the EU in its 2011 review (OJ C 136 E, 11.5.2012); In 2010, a number of the Joint Undertakings (JUs) initiated a review of their strategic documents and updated the research priorities that guide the selection of the themes for calls to take account of scientific progress and the changing needs of the various sectors (EC Report CoM/2012/0190, 27 April 2012). The aim of this review is to ensure coherence with Solvency II and to promote cross-border activity in this area and to help improve the situation of pension systems across the EU (White Paper CoM/2012/055, 16.02.2012).