MOKSLO
KALBOS
KULTUR-
OS IR
TERMINOLOGIJOS
PROBEMOS
LIETUVIU
KALBOTYR-
OS
KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985)
CAPMHTE
JIAT3
MHA
KPOBJIE-
ME
OTHOCHT-
EJIBHOFO SHAYEHHA
JIATBILICKOFO
MPHJIATATEJIBHOFO
C
CYHKCOM®®
-I/SK-
Tipusa a e buble,
O6pasopanuble
OT
OCHOBEI
CyICTBHTebHO O
MpH
T10-
MollH cydduKca -isk-
(cooTBeTc Bylomle o
pyCCKOMy -CK-
H
HeMeI[KOMY
-isch),
W3aBHa
COCTABAAIOT
NPOAYKTHBHeMMMA
THN
NpHAa aTeMbHBIX
B
a-
TBIMICKOM
ASbIKe.
Oco6eHHO
BOSpOCa
HX
AKTHBHOCTb
B
NOcaesHee
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H
BMeCTe
C
TEM
BHOBb
aKTYaJIbHOH
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MOMHOCTHIO elle
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He
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npH a a enbHO o
cydpuKcom
¢
-isk-,
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pesyabTaTe
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pasBHTHA
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lIpHa a embuble
Ha
-isk-
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e.
oO6pasopaHHble
OT
OCHOBbI
CYIL€CTBHTCIbHOFO
MAaTHILICKO O
MIpOHCXOMMeHHA)
BCe da
HMeIOT
Ooee
HH
MeHee
APKO
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KayeCTBeHHOe
3HayeHHe.
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‘Cm.,
nanp. :
Blinkena
A.
Pa mainas
ek i unkciondlo
a ibu i o
de e minan u
lie ojuma
la ieSu aloda.
Bal is ica,
II
p iedas.
V.,
1977,
20.—25.
Ipp. ;
Endzelins
J.
Dazadas
alodas
kjiidas.
Riga,
1928,
9.—10.
Ipp. ;
Endzelins
J.
Jaunu
a du
adi aji-
em.
Da bu
izlase.
Riga,
1980,
.
3,
2.
d., Ipp. ;
398
Endzelins
J.,Milenbahs
K.
La ieSu
g ama ika.
Riga,
1907,
35.—36.
Ipp. ;
Kikauka
P.
Piezimes pa
daziem
la ieSu
idiomas
labojumiem.
Riga,
1937,
82.—86.
Ipp. ;
Milenbahs
K.
Daii
jau aju-
mi pa
la ieSu
idioma.
2.
bu n.
Riga,
1893,
21.—39.; 43.—46.;
62—67.
Ipp. ;
Miisdienu
la ieSu
li e a as
alodas
g ama ika
Riga,
1959,
1.
d., Ipp. ;
252.—268.
Saule-
Sleine
M.
Pa
su iksa
-isk o -
mu
un
a
leksiski
g ama iskam
unkeijam
(i se iSki
bal u sla u
alodas).
un
Vel ijums
akadémikim
Janim
Endzelinam
1873—1973.—
Riga,
1972,
225,—252.
Ipp. ;
Valodas
un
aks ibas
jau ajumi
Riga,
1940,
9.—10.
Ipp.
*Cm. :
Endzelins
J.
La ie3i inu
un
alodaDa bu
izlase.
Riga,
1979,
.
3,
1.
d., Ipp.
509.
100
B
JlaTbIICKOM
HM
PyCCKOM
A3bIKAaX,
Halip. :
MpHa aTe bHoe
dzi niecisks
oT
cyWlecTBHTembHO O
dzi niexs
KWBOTHOe>
HMeeT
Ka ecTBeHHOe
3HayeHHe
nogo6HbIl ,
cBolicTBeHHBIi
2XHBOTHOMY,
HO
He
H€MeeT
YHCTO
OTHOCHTCbHO O
sHa eHHA
<OTHOCAINMMCH
K
%HBOTHOMY;
MpHaa a embHoe
kundzisks kungs
OT
OapuH>
uMeeT
KayecTBeHHOe
sHayeHHe
Takoli,
Kak
y
OapHHa,
xapak ep-
uniii
2a
Gapuna,
BbICOKOMePHBI,
HaMeHHIi,
HO
y
HeTO
HET
4HCTO
OTHOCHTeNBHOTO
3HayeHHs
oTHOCAMMMMicA
K
OapHHy,
NpHHadnexamni
Oapuny.
OTHOCHTeIBHEIe
3HAIeCHHA,
UMCIOWIHECA
B
PYCCKOM
ASBIKe,
B
JATDILI-
CKOM
BBIpaxkaloTch
C
MOM{bIO
TeHTHBa
cyMlecTBHTeNbHO O;
Halp.,
PyC-
CKOMY
%9UBOTHOLL
MUP
COOTBETCTBYeT
aTbILICKoe
dzi nieku als s
unu dzi nicku
pasaule,
pyccKomy
OapcKuii dom
naTEIMIcKOe
—
kungu maja.
ckasanno o cae ye ,
¥TO
cAOBOOOpasoBaTeNbHOl
cucTeMe
B
CoBpe-
MeHHO o
JaTHIMCKO O
A3bIKa
MpHsa a embHoe
c
cydduKcom
-isk-
ABaAeTCA
KaueCTBCHHBIM,
He
Ipesnosa aloulHM
4HCTO
OTHOCHTeAbHOTO
SHayeHHA, ac-
HeKT
OTHOCHTeNBHOCTH
B
HEM
COXPaHseTCH
TOKO
B
BULe
SoHOBO O
sHaue-
Hha
OTHOMMeHHA.
Vi
sce
Ke
B
COBPeMCHHOM
JAaTHIMICKOM
ASbLIKe
HMeeTCA
Tpylilia
npHaa a-
TeMbHEIX
¢
cydukcom
-isk-,
ynoTpeOisembIx
B
cbyHKUHH
OTHOCHTeIbHOTO
IIpHa aTesbHO O
HC
TOUKH
3peHHA
ASEIKOBO
CHCTeMBI
AYOMMpyioulux
yHK-
WH10
TeHTHBa
MOTHBUPylolle o
cyllecTBUTeAbHOTO.
ITO cOBa
HHOASHIYHOTO
MPOHCXOXKACHHA
C
TEPMHHOMOTHYCCKHM
XTepOM,
TakHeapak
Kak
geome isks
eome puueckuii>
uu
klima isks
KauMaTuyecKHii>
u
T.
1.
Boabwinuc Bo
3
HHX
3€HMCTBOBAHbI
H3
APyFHX
ASLIKOB
B
BHAe
TOTOBBIX
JICKCHYCCKHX
CAH-
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HH
J@KCHKO-CeMaHTHYeCKHX
BapHaHTOB
HIM
Aaxke
B
BUe
KOMMOHCHTOB
KOHKpeTHBIX
cwoBocoNeTaHHii
(Hanp.,
b iziska
ci kulacija
<Opu30Baa
WHp-
Kyaauus>).
Xo a
B
CHTYallMH
BOSpac aiomle o
NOTOKa
HHopMallunN
H
pocTa
Bceoblei
OOpasoBaHHOCTH
MHO He
H3
COB
STOM
pymmbl
CTAaIH
AOCTOAHHEM
oOmeyno peOuTeNbHON
JIeKCHKH
aTHILICKOTO
A3bIKa,
BCe
*e
BCe
OHH
TO-
ABHIHCh
Ha
CBeT
B
c bepe
TePMHHOJO HH
HH
HMCIOT
TepMHHOO HYeCcKHi
Xapak Tep.
Takne
OTHOCHTeIbHbIe
NpHa aTesbHbIe
Cc
cydpuKcom
-isk-
B
COBpeMeH-
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JlaTIICKOM
ASHIKe
COCTABJIAIOT
JOBOIbHO
OOWIHpHy!o
pymiy,
koTOpad
N10,
BIHAHHEM
KOHTAKTHPYIOWHX
ASLIKOB
MOCTOAHHO
NOMHAeCTCA
HOBbIMH
CJIOBaMH,
B
TO
Ke
BMAPe
KaK
CaMa
MOJeAb
EPHBALMH
OTHOCHTEMbHHIX
MpHjla aTenbHBI-
xX
Ha
-iskcyllec-
m0
TBy
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Aol
cnOBOOOpasoBaTedb-
HOii
CHCTeMe
JaTHINCKO O
ASbIKa.
JIHUIb
B
OTLENDHBIX
CayyasAx
B
ciepe
Tep-
MHHOMOFHH
CO3alOTCH
HObbIC
NPHa aTeMbHble
C
OTHOCHTEbHBIM
3HAYeCHHEM
Ha
OCHOBe
CYICTBHTeIbHLIX
aTbIICKO O
mpoucxoxzenus,
Hamp. : laicisks
laiks
o
spema>
(laiciskd
k an ésana
<BaHTOBaHHe
BO
BpemeHu>);
ilnisks
ilnis
o
ponna
(niska ilis
ciklons
<uuKnoHn
BomHoBOli>).
A
TepMH-
HOCHCTeMBI,
KaK
H3BeCTHO,
B
3HAYHTeIbHO!
cTemeHH
OG6OCOOIeHHEI
H
HMCIOT
CBOH
c lelHHyeckHe
3akOHEI
(HaNp.,
TpeOOBaHHe
OMHHAYHOCTH
TePMHHA
waxke
BHe
KOHTeKcTa,
TpeGoBaHHe
MapadH MaTHYeCKOl
CHCTeMHOCTH
B
MIpeena-
xX
TEPMHHOMOFHH
ONApeeMeHHO!
OTPacMH
H
OMpeeNMeHHOTO
ASbIKA,
TeH-
101
6onee
HIN
MeHee
BbIPAaxKeHHbIi ,
HO
OOAZATCIbHbI
KAYeCTBCHBI
OTTEHOK,
Haga aembli
Ha
He o
3Ha eHHeM J1aTHILICKOli
caoBoo6pa3zoBaTesbHOH
MOseau, Apy o c opoHbl,
MOxKHO
C
Noma aTb,
4YTO
HMCHHO
9TOT
HeH36exKHBIi
KauecTBeHHbIil
OTTEHOK
B
TO
2Ke
BPCMA
ABACAACT
TaBHEIM
YCIOBHEM,
o6ecHeuHBAIOM-
LHM
NOTEHUHAbHY!O
BOSMOXKHOCTH
BKMOVCHHA
OTHOCHTEIDHDIX
npHjla aTeabHb-
Ix
Ha
-isk-
B
JaTbINICKHH
ASIK,
OH
CYKUT
Kak
6b
CBASYIONLUM
3BeHOM
Me2K
AY
JIeKCHYCCKHM
3Ha eHHeM
aHHO O
IpHia aTeAbHO O
H
CAOBO-
O6paso0BaTesbHLIM
3Ha eHHeM
MOJCJH.
Ha
ocHose
3To o
MOxHO
cilenaTb
yTOYHeHMe
TeOpeTHYecKO o
XapakTepa:
B
WaTHINICKOM
S3bIKe
HeT
MpHsa aTembHBIx
Ha
-isk-
c
YHCTO
OTHOCHTCADHBIM
gHa¥eHHeM, YTO
TAK
WHPOKO
BCTpeyaeTca
B
PYCCKOM;
TAK
Has.
OTHOCHTE/b-
mp
HoeHaa a enbHoe
Ha
-isk-
B
MaTBILICKOM
ASBIKe
—
9TO
lipHaa aTeabHoe
C
JOMHHMpyIOWHM
OTHOCHTebHBIM
3HAayCHHeM.
Txolocapky
peskoii
paHHi b
Mexly/
Ka eCTBCHHBIM
H
OTHOCHTEJbHBIM
SHAYCHHAMH
He
cyulecTByeT,
TO
pH
OTCyTCTBHH
Apy Hx,
OcoObIX
sakTOpOB
9TOT
cemaHTH¥eckHi
ciBH
OIMHOOb
ABASeTCA
TpYAHOYOBUMBIM
H
CaM ceGe
lo
He
Npema cTByeT
ajleKBaTHOCTH
BOCIPHATHA
OTHOCHTEAbHOTO
ac eKTa
3HayeCHHA
MpHwa aTeAbHO O
HAH aleK-
BaTHOCTH
KOHKPeTHBIX
3Ha eHH{
MaTHILICKHX
MpHsa aTeAbHBIX
COOTBeTCT-
BYOWHM
pyCCKHM
IIpHa aTe/bHbIM.
Cnenopa esbHo,
HeT
OCHOBaHHA
118
IIPHHUNNMHATHO O
OTPHUAHHA
MpaB
cyllecTBOBAHHA
OTHOCHTCJIBHBIX
MIpHa-
PaTeJIbHBIX
Ha
-iSk-
B
WaTbILICKOM
ASHIK.
Onnakoulec ByeT
pai akTopos,
o paHHyHBaloulux
BO3MOXKHOCTb
CBO-
GonHo o
o6pasoBaHua
H
ynoTpeOTeHHA
TAKHX
IpHa aTesbHbIX
H
MpaMo
HH
KOCBCHHO
OGBACHACMBIX
BBILMeH3O%KCHHBIMH
TeopeTuyecKHMH
cooOpa3keHHAMH
(HeKOTOpbIe)
H3
HEX, KaK
CulelyeT
M3
NTH4eCKHX
pexomenmanni pak
B
YNOMAHYTHX
paGoTax
AaTHILICKHX
A3bIKOBEOB,
B
KaKOii-TO
Me ypexE
oco3HaHb ,
XOTA
He
HallH
TeopeTHyecKol
dbopmysaupoBKH).
OTH cbaxTopbl
copmeulaioT ce6e
pa3sHbie acneKTbl:
B
cnoBoobpasoBaTembHblli
H
JeKCHYe-
CKHii,
ASBIKOBOH
H
TeCTOBOM,
CeEMaHTHYCCKHA
H
yacToTHHi .
Tlonpi aemca
KpaTKO
OGOOULHTb
OCHOBHbIC
gaKOHOMepHOCTH,
coOM0AeHHe
KOTOPHIX
MOxKeT
cnoco6cTBoBaTb
Gouee
MpaBHAbHOMy
OOpasoBaHHlo
H
ynoTpe61eHHI0
OTHO-
CHTeDHLIX
MpHwia aTembHEIX
Ha
-isk-
B
CocTaBe
HeTCPMHHOMOPHUECKHX
CI10-
BocoueTaHHil.
1.
O6s uHo
He
caeMyeT
OGPasoBHIBAaTh
OTHOCHTeAbHbIe
MpHla aTeTbHBle
WIM
JIeKCHKO-CeMaHTHYeCKHe
BapHaHTEI
C
OTHOCHTEMbHBIM
SHa¥eHHeM
OT
CY-
IWecTBHTeIbHLIX
MaTBIMICKOTO
NPOHCXO*KAeHHA,
MaKe
CCH
HET
TIpoTHBOpeyHA
Mexkily
TpeOyeMBIM
OTHOCHTEIDHBIM
3Ha eHHeM
H
cylecTBYIOMHM
HJIH
10-
TeHUMAAbHLIM
KA eCTBCHHBIM
3HaYeHHeM
MpHa aTebHOTO,
Hanp. : aina isks
nangumad upli>
oT
aina a
nanquap >
(nem
e a
aina isko
kon eks u
<YUMTBIBATh
aH
AWMAaTHb i
xou exc );
elpisks
mpoc panc TBeHHbili>
OT
elpa
npoc pauc so
(ie ilp
neliela
elpiska
ieniba
nomeulaTBcsa
B
He-
Gonpuiol
enuHMue
mpoc panc sa);
país als isks
oT
ocyapcTBo
( als iska
mé oga
uzde umi
saqain
ocy apeTBeHHo o
MacuiTa6a).
O cyTCT-
BHe
OTHOCHTebHOTO
3HAa eHHA
y
WaTHIMICKOM
cOBOOOpasoBaTeIbHO!
103
MOJeNH
MpenaTcT-
ByeT
BOCIPHATH-
IO TAKUX
NpHa aTeb-
HbIX B
Ka¥ecTBe
HoOpMaTHBHBIX;
BM€CTO
HHX
PeKOMeHAyeTca
ynoTpeOeHHe
eHHTHBa: pem
e a aina as
kon eks u,
ie ilp neliela
elpas ienibd,
alsis mé oga
uzde umi.
2.TIpuma a emb-
ubim Ha -isk-B
aTHILICKOM
A3bIKe
HCBOSMOXHO
BbIPASHTb
KOHKpPeTHble
YHCTO
MpeAMeTHble
OTHOMICHHA
NPHTAKATeAbH-
OCTH,ABAMeTa H
H MaTepHasa,
NpeAMeTa npe H
COMepxHUsA,
AelicHA HIM
pesTaTa
AeiTBICUA H
cy6bekTa H H H O
G O G beKTA, N
BOCKObKY
CBASHI C O O
Oa3aTeTa!
KayecTBeHHOCT-
bIO
JlaTHIUICKO O
Npula aTebHO O
B HEM
MPOHCXOAMT
HeH3G6exKHbIii
OTPIB YHCTOH
MpeAMeTHOCTH,
3Ha BCYeHHe
e oe qa Goee
HH MeHee a
Cy6bcTpa upoB-
aHo OTes~me a,
O6O3HaYaYaeMO-
O
MOTHHBHPYIOM-
LU
LeCTBTeIbHbIM.
HeyMecTHocTb
aTpHOyTHBHOTO
OTHOWICHHA,
BLIpaxKaemMo o
mpHua aTEJIbH-
EIM, OOKIYHO
BbIABIAeTCH yKe
B Mpese ax
cAOBOCOVeTAH-
HA, HaMp. :
ak ie iskais
ansamblis
ax epcKuli
aucaMO6u1b>, T.
e. akTepbi>;
komunis iska
celinieciba
cTpouTeabcTBo
KoMMyHH3Ma>;
me aliska pile
me ananuecKad
Kalla, T. €. Kalla
MeTaqa>;
npaBubuo:
ak ie u
ansamblis,
komunisma
cel nieciba,
me ala pile c
exuTHBoM
cymecTBuTeabH-
o o. Muo gae Ke
OWHOKA
PacKpbIBaeTCA
TOAKO B Gouee
WIMPOKOM
KOHTeKcTe
c10BOCOTaYeH-
He CaMO Mo ce6e
BOSMOXKHO,
OHAKO e o
CMBICA He
COBETOTCTByeT
CMBICJy
2aHHo o
npeawoxenna,
Hamp. : lugas
eziso iskais
ak ejums
peXHCCepCKasl
TpaKTOBKa
Mbecbl> B
TeKCTe, T1e
HMeeTCA B BHAY
TPakTOBKa,
WaHHad Mbece
KOHKPeTHBIM
pexuccepoM (Cp.
C€
KaeCTBCHHHHB-
IM 3HHeHeM
aKTOBKa,
NOJJYHHA
BCATPAe
KOMMOHEHTHI
NOCTOHOBKH e
eHHOMY
3aMBICJY
pexkuccepa).
3.
He
pexomensye ca
yno pe6eHue
meKcHKo-cemaHTHuecKHx
BapHaHTOB
C
OTHOCHTCJIbHEIM
3HAYCHHEM,
ECM
IpHa aTe bHOe
y2Ke uMeeT
CTabHsbHOe
Ka eCTBeHHOe
3HAYeHHE
C
APKO
BbIPaKCHHBIM
OMeHOYHLIM
XapaKTepom
—
OMeHOYHOCTH
IIpelATCTByeT
HeliTpawbHOMY
BOCIPHATHIO
OTHOCHTeABHO O
ac-
NeKTa
NpHa aTeIbHO O
ake
B
CAy4YaAX,
KOPla
KOHTeKCT
CHUMaeT
NOHATHI-
Hy0!
MHO osHayHocTh,
Halp. : logiskie
da bi
pyabi
no
no uKe
(cp.
c
Ka-
N€CTBCHHEIM
3HaYeHHeEM
Mpua aTeabHo o
logisks
no uuupiii>);
plaka iska
maksla
ucxyccTBo
maKaTa>
(cp.
c
Ka4ecTBeHHLIM
3HayeHHeM
npHaa a-
TeabHo o
plaka isks
<nopepxnoc unii,
Ges iqeiiu ii>).
Bonee
lpaBHJb-
Ho: da bi
logika,
plaka a
maksla
uan
npoc o
plakd s.
Tpo usopeyne
MexKy
OOOMMH
3HaYeHHAMH
OCOGeHHO
APKO
4YBCTByeTCA
B
IPHAa aTebHBIX
aTBIUICKO O
MPOHCXOKAeHuA,
Hamp. : dzejiskas
o mas meis a s
mac ep
NOSTHYeCKOH
MOpMbI>
(cp.
c
Ka¥ecTBeHHHIM
sHa eHHemM
mMpHaa aTenbHO O
dzejisks
nosTH4HEIii>).
4.
Bee
xe
Hao
mpusHa b,
uTO
B
GombUIMHCTBE
CYYaeB
JaTbILICKHe
OT-
HOCHTCJIDHBIC
TIPHa aTeIbHble,
B3ATKIC
KaXKTO€
B
OMBOCHOCTH,
He
BHISBI-
BaloT
KOHKPeTHHIX
BO3paxKeHui .
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