LIETUVIU
LEKSIKOS IR
TERMINOLOGIJOS
PROBLEMS
LITHUANI-
AN
LANGUA-
GE
QUESTIONS, XXIX (1991)
RITA
SEPETYTE
The
seman ics
o abs ac key wo ds
0.1. De ailed
analysis o
he
seman ics
and usage
o he
abs ac
wo d is no
he
pu pose o
his wo k,
bu a
monog aph.
Abs ac
nouns and
e bs a e
an
impo an
a ea o
seman ics
o
language, in
which
elemen s
o lexical,
de i a i e
and
syn ac ic
seman ics
a e
in e wine-
d. I has
been
s udied
un il
ecen ly,
because
he mos
popula
cu en
me hods o
s udying
lexical
seman ics
a e mo e
adap ed o
he
analysis o
conc e e
lexical han
o
abs ac s
o ,,in angi-
ble”
seman ics.
Syn ac ic
seman ics
esea che-
s end o
ocus mo e
on he
ac ion o
abs ac
wo ds. In
he s udies
o wo d
o ma ion,
binomials
a e
analyzed o
a leas
discussed
abs ac ly,
as
de i a i e-
s, usually
indica ing
ha hey
ha e
anspozic-
ing wo d
o ma ion
meaning, i.e.
hey a e
no e y
in e es in-
g”
acco ding
o
de i a olo-
gy (,,I wo d
o ma ion
is
unde s ood
p ima ily as
nomina ion,
he gi ing
o a name
o a
ce ain
(new)
con en ,
hen he
ole o
ansposi -
ion in wo d
o ma ion
can only be
conside ed
salu a y,
because i
gi es he
exis ing
con en ,
which
al eady has
i s name in
he
language, a
g amma ic-
ally
di e en
exp essio-
n” (U bu is,
1978, 167).
Al hough
abs ac ly
and no as
equi alen
uni s o
nomina ion
compa ed
o o he
lexical
g oups, he
s udy o
seman ics
o hem is
necessa y,
i only
because
hei
p esen a i-
on in he
lexicon is
one o he
mos
complex
lexicog ap-
hical
ma e s.
0.2. The
abundance
o he
ypes o
biwo d
abs ac
e bs in
Li huanian
seems o
con adic
he
p inciple o
linguis ic
economy.,,-
Lie u iy
kalbos
g ama ika“
p esen s
as many as
a dozen
ypes o
biwo d
abs ac
e bs,
albei o
a ying
p oduc i i-
y: wi h he
p e ixes
-umas, -ybé,
-ys é,
-enybé,
-uma, -o e,
-ulys, -a é,
-a is, -yba,
-as is, and
wi h he
possible -is,
-a, -as (LKG,
306—312,
315-316).,,Li-
e u iy
kalbos
zodyno“
(LKZ)
illus a ed
ex shows
ha some
o he
e bs a e
he e och -
onic and
he e o opi-
c, i.e., hey
belong o
di e en
pe iods o
language
de elopme-
n and no
o he
same
dialec s.
,.Daba in-
és lie u iy
kalbos
Zodyne“
(DZ) is also
ich in
biid a dziy
abs ac s.
Fo
example,
aklybé i
blindness is
p esen ed
in he
biwo d blind
nes
wi hou
meaning
explana ion
( his is
discussed
in
Zodyn's,,[g-
uide“ (p. XII),
akla is is
al eady
explained:,,-
1. blindness,
insigh less-
ness 2. p k.
spi i ual
blindness,
da kness*”
(wi hou
illus a io-
n);
ak/ys é,,1.
blind man's
padé is:
DidZiausia
nelaimé a. 2.
p k. men al
blindness’;
amsybé,
amsumas
—in he
singula
amsus
nezde, and
amsenybé-
,, amsuma-
s,
amsybé“,
amsis,, a-
msumas,
amsa“
—sepa a ely
and
sepa a ed
by
unexplained
Wo ds
(me a onia,
use ul o
abs ac s
wi h he
inal -is, is
no such a
big
a gumen
o
sepa a e
hem by
sepa a e
Wo ds,
especially
since he
explana ion
is in
essence a
epe i ion
o
abs ac s
wi h he
p e ixes
-uwmas o
-ybé).
128
0.3.The
aim o
his
pape is
o:
i s ly,
analyze
he
seman ic
di e en-
ces
be ween
he mos
common
ypes o
abs ac
e bs
(wi h
su ixes
-wmas,
-ybé, wi h
he inal
-is) ( hey
a e
men ion-
ed
in,,Lie u -
iy kalbos
g ama i-
ka“ (LKG,
306, 308,
316) and
P.
Ska dZiu-
s,,Lie u -
iy kalbos
ZodZiy
da yboj-
e“
(Ska dZi-
us, 1943,
65, 97—98);
secondly,
o
examine
he
ela ion-
ship
be ween
he
abs ac
ype and
he
seman i-
cs o he unde lying keywo d.
I
The LKZ was
selec ed
h ough
p ima y
200
bina y wo ds
belonging o
a ious
seman ic
g oups and
co espondi-
ng
abs ac s.
Zodyne, O
cou se, may
no be ixed
all bid a dziy
abs ac s,
bu bii en
ixa ion is
ZodZio's
Reali y
A gumen-
.
1.0. all
p ima y
(and no
only
p ima y)
e bs a e
made
abs ac
wi h he
su ix
-wmas,
e en
hose
ha a e
no
al eady
g aded,
e.g.
péscias
—pés uma-
s, ai as
— ai umas,
basas
—basumas
and so on.
The o he
wo ypes
o
abs ac
e bs
(wi h he
su ix
-ybé and
he inal
-is) a e
no
al eady
made (o
a leas
no ixed
in he LKZ)
in all
p ima y
e bs
wi hou
excep ion.
Abs ak y
wi h he
su ix
-ybé do
no ha e
he
biwo dy
gai us,
gulscias,
basas,
bukas,
d yZas,
dubus,
g iez as,
ke Sas,
k aupus,
liaunas,
pés¢ias,
ainas,
pal¥as,
sa as
and
o he s,
abs ac s
wi h he
inal -is
né a a e
ixed nex
o
biid a dziy
silpnas,
senas,
smagus,
Saunus,
Slapias,
amus,
p as as,
éd us,
gleznas,
klaikus,
lais as,
blind,
as us,
luoSas,
ga sus,
smalsus,.-
ma kus,
gobsus,
gud us,
naujas,
paikas,
linksmas
and
o he s. Is
such a
di e en-
ce due o
he need
o
nomina io-
n, o is i
de e min-
ed by
seman ic
o o he
peculia i i-
es o he
basic
Wo d?
A e all,
as we can
see om
he
examples,
he basic
ad e bs
belong o
e y
di e en
seman ic
g oups.
Appa en l-
y, ha ing
ejec ed
j Salj
he e och-
ony and
he e o o-
pia, he
wo-wo d
abs ac
o ms
wi h
su ixes
-ybé,
-wmas and
he inal
-is should
be
conside -
ed as
egula
ypes o
o ms,
especially
since his
is
e lec ed
in i8 esmés
and,,Nauj-
ojo
lie u iškos
kalbos
žodyne“.
Thus, he
inished
o ms,
belonging
o his
sub-abs -
ac
ca ego y,
di e in
he powe
o
nomina i-
on and he
deg ee o
lexicaliza -
ion. This
di e en -
ia ion is
ela ed o
he ype
o he
e b and
o he
seman ics
o he
basic
ad e b. On
he o he
hand, he
endency
owa d
uni ica ion
and
in eg a i-
on, which
usually
accompan-
ies he
de elopm-
en o he
li e a y
(gene al)
language,
also has a
g ea
in luence.
2.0
Abs ac s
wi h he
ending -is
a e made
only om
he i s
e b (an
addi ional
sub- e b
o his
e b ype
— he
p olonged
owel o
he Roo
and he
me a oni-
c). The
de i a i -
es o his
abs ac
e b ype
end o
lexicalisa -
ion and a e
a he
nomina i -
e. This is
especially
clea in
he
p esen
ime, when
he
e minolo-
gy o
science is
inc easing
and being
sys ema -
ized.,,I
was
ag eed o
use he
i s
(longe )
e ms
(wi h he
su ix
-wmas. —R.
§.) o name
gene al
p ope i-
es
(speci ici-
ies), and
he
second
(wi h he
inal -is, -a.
—R. §.) o
desc ibe a
ce ain
measu ab-
le size,
dimension,
e.g., heigh
12 me e s,
capaci y
10 li e s
(B azdZiin-
as, 1977, 5).
I is hen
admi ed
ha such
a
sys em,,-
was no
ye ully
implemen-
ed un il
Siol” (ibid.).
Linguis s
also doub
he abili y
o do so
(K oopas,
Kaulakien-
é, 1971, 11).
As a
ma e o
ac , he
p ac ice in
scien i ic
e minolo-
gy o
naming
pa ame e-
s
abs ac s
wi h he
su ix -is
is
measu ed.
An
a gumen
may be
ha only
one o he
abs ac i-
ons made
om he
an onymal
pai s o
wo
wo ds has
nominal
powe , he
second
usually
emains in
he
sphe e o
pu e
abs ac i-
on. I am
e e ing
o such
abs ac
pai s as
hickness
— hin,
wid h —
na ow,
weigh —
ligh ,
densi y —
a e, size —
b ead,
speed —
ligh , 9.
Lie u iy
kalbo y -
os
klausimai
29 . 129
abs ac s
back
leng h
—
*sho .
Si
su
-is
p ope y
is pa ially
iS
disjoin ed
,,Lie u iy
language
"Zodyno"
aiSkinino.
Fo
example,
3.
he physical g a i y.
,,size,
de ining
Zemés
a
ano he
which
sky kiino
aukos
jéga*
leng is
i
,,ease o
use*; speed
2.
,,deg ee
mo
o
eloci y,
magni ude”
i
/é is
‘lé umas’;
hickness
1.
,,dis ance
be ween
wo
su aces
o he
wid h o
an objec ”, hickness
2.
» olume,
hickness*
i
hin
1.
»Thickness«,
hin
2
,, la ness’’,
wid h
1.
,,diame e
leng h*
i
na ow
‘Na ownes-
s’; leng h
1.
»size o
he
objec
be ween
he wo
mos
jo
dis an poin s*
(DZ)
i
*sho :
he ic im
1.
,, ising
i8
om he
j
bo om*
(LCZ a
Some
examples
o his
meaning
illus a ing
pu e
i
abs ac s:
Wha a
cold
wood!
o
V ,
i
ypa ybés
ma a
eiSkian-
i:
How high is
a iangle?
Z.
Ea h.)
i
*Zemis.
Abs ac s
su
in he back
-is, o make a
bi a diya,
i8
un ecognized
clea an onym,
does no ha e
such a clea
pola iza ion.
2.1.
Se e al
abs ak y
su
iniine
-i has a
s ongly
lexicalized
meaning, e.g.:
ka S is
(ho )
1.
,,ka S ybé,
kai a“,
ka S is
2.
,, he ising
empe a u e
o he ilm
(Se gean-
)
Siluma’);
Sa/ is
(Sal is
1.
,,3high, Low
Tempe a u e
Wea he
(a mosphe -
ic
gu
uni o mi y)’;
/ygis
(Iygis
1.
,.li
heigh “,
/ygis
2.
,,.quali y,
size,
deg ee o
de elopm-
en “); liquid
(liquid
1.
,,liquid
medzZiaga”,
liquid
2.
,,di icul-
”), ange
,, he a i ude
owa ds he
w ong done;
ange ,
i i a ion,
ucking"
(DZ) k .
i
2.2.
Mos
o he
abs ac s
su
in he back
-is ai8kinami
wi h
abs ac
su
su ixes
-ness, e.g.
: Bal ic
,,whi eness-
’’, peach
»cheapnes-
s«, g ey
,,g eynes-
i
.
s* ., and,
as can be
deduced
iS
Illus a i e
ma e ial
p o ided by
LKZ, o en
used
synonymous-
ly, e.g. :
Wha a
beau i ul
cow.
Sk
i
Bo h
e sions
o one
ma gin
Gs
o
Wha
o ms
do
he
whi e,
wha liipy
ed
Ki n
i
Ne u
Jjoki
eddish,
yellow
yellow
i
P n.
You can' go
unno iced
(o a
leas no
eel) any
di e en-
ce.
Abs ac s
su
in he back
-i is mo e
sui able
o
equi ing
p ope y
pa ame e-
s han ab-
S ak ai
su
su ix
-wmas.
This is
especially
e iden in
he case
o
abs ac as e.
These
abs ac s
we e no
longe
synonymous
wi h as e.
Swee ,
bi e ,
ha sh,
sa i
p obably
mean
la o
a ian s.
Simila ly
ge/ one,
ed,
whi e,
black e c.
i
ep ese-
n colo
op ions.
E.g., he
compou-
nd pipi y
ka is
means
'Ho se
( imes),
which has
peppe *,
he
o
compound
peppe and
bi e ness
eigkia
al eady
o
as e
modula ion
i
as i
equi es
explana io-
n,
cla i ica i-
on, wha
he
bi e ness
(inc edible,
sca y, well,
i
...
i
.
.).
Milky yellow
means
spalya,
badinga
gene ally
o milk,
milky
0
yellowness
means
(o a
leas
may
need)
Va ian
o his
colo
i
.
.
These
hypo he ical
easonings can
be summa ized
by
Yes:
abs ac
su
ea
-is daZnai
a e
seman ic
in a ian s
abs ak y
su ix
su
-wi h
espec o
(plg.
da
g o%is
—
g azumas,
gé is
—
ge umas).
Todél
e minology
o some
cha ac e i-
s ic
pa ame e
(as a
seman ic
in a ian ) o
name u é y
bi s used
abs ac ly
inal
su
-is
(o o he ),
bu
abs ac ly
ne
su ix
su
-wmas.
3.0.
Abs ac s
su
su ix
-ybé a e
seman ical-
ly mo e
anspa en .
They ha e a
ea u e ha
dis inguishes
hem qui e
well om
o he
abs ac s.
"The mos
impo an
di e ence is
ha he
ad e bs
-ybé
hyd ochlo-
ide
should be
used
especially
when:
A signi ican
cha ac e is ic needs o
be mo e accen ua ed,
in ensi ied, in o he
wo ds, when i is a e y
b igh , s ongly
de eloped
cha ac e is ic*
(LKG,
308),
.,...
some im-
es su ixes
-ybé
de i a i es
130
Zymi is no
so much an
abs ac -
ed
p ope y,
kick is he
e y
p ope y
o he
hing...*
(LKG, 308).
The need
o
in ensi y
is
e lec ed
in he LKZ
in e p e -
a ions o
he i8 pa
(smailybé
1.,,high
peak“;
s a ybé,,h-
igh
s a u e*;
plošs ybé,-
, e y high
planeness-
“;
S/apybé,,hi-
gh
Sec e ne-
ss“);
lexicalized
meanings
a e ixed
in he
abs ac
nes o
daZno, e.g.:
e ybé
2.,, a e
hing,
a eness“;
igS ybé
2.,, e y
ich meal
o dish“;
S/yks ybé
1.,,8lykS u-
s, ugly
hing,
hing“;
sunkybé
2.,sunkus
daik as,
naS a“,
bjau ybé
1.,,bjau us,
SlykS us
daik as“;
baisybé
3.,, aisy
dalykas“,
baisybé
4.,,baidyklé,
Smékla“;
smailybé
2.,,a sha p
objec “,
e c. Thus,
no e e y
abs ac
wi h
su ix -ybé
has
lexicalized
meaning,
no do all
ha e
in ensi y
meaning.
This seems
o be
ela ed o
he
seman ics
o he
unde lying
biwo d.
The
lexicalized
meaning o
"place,
ma ked by
a
cha ac e -
is ic" has
o be
abs ac ,
made om
he e bs
high, nea ,
wide, ea ly,
a , deep,
as well as
we , d y,
slippe y, i.
e. om
bad e bs,
which
hemsel -
es can be
joined o a
g oup o
he same
place o
o igin. I
mus be
said ha
he local
meaning is
o en
exp essed
in he
abs ac
plu al
o m, e.g.,
We...
explo e...
he dep hs
o he
wo ld J.
Balé, The
people
ha e all
kinds o
s o ies
abou he
high
spi i s 18.
These
abs ac s
a e
synonymo-
us wi h
he
cons uc-
s wi h
he su ix
-wma.,,The
p ope y
o he
hing, he
pe son“
has he
meaning o
abs ac s,
making i8
as e
eSkian iy
biid a dziy
(ha d,
s i ,
e c.), in
addi ion, iS
biid a dZiu
sha p,
ligh ,
hea y,
ugly,
beau i ul,
ugly,
sca y,
a e; he
meaning is
eco ded
in he
ele an
abs ac s
wi h he
su ix
-ybé;
appa en l-
y,
po en ially
Siq should
s ill galé y
acqui e
and o he
abs ac s
o his
ad e b. By
he way,
mo e
p ecisely
bi y i
de ine., hi-
ng,
cha ac e -
ized by
in ensi y
o
cha ac e -
is ics“. 3.1.
A la ge
g oup o
abs ac s
wi h he
su ix -ybé
a e
synonymo-
us wi h
abs ac s
wi h he
su ix
-ys é,
which ha e
a dis inc ,
in he
wo ds o
P.
Ska dzius,
“special
meaning”.
I is
abs ac l-
y, making i8
Human
iSo ines o
inne
quali ies
eSkianéiy
biid a dzi-
y: d asybé,
dosnybé,
gud ybé,
gobsybé,
gi ybé
(gi ybé
2.,,habi ,
lien o
d ink
in oxican -
s;
d unkenne-
ss“),
aisybé,
puikybé,
luoSybé,
ku ybé
and so on.
They e e
o he
possession
(exis ence)
o
p ope ie-
s. No e
ha
abs ac s
wi h he
su ix -ybé
a e o en
used o
name a
cha ac e -
is ic. They
lose hei
ansposi-
ional
meaning
and pass
in o, so o
speak, a
speci ic
noun
sec ion, i.e.
become
a iable
numbe s,
e.g. : He has
many
weakness-
es, h ee
i ues,
se e al
Snek y
commonali-
ies, e c.
Abs ac s
wi h he
su ix -ybé
a e, in
essence,
he mos
abs ac
nouns in
he ype
o ac ion
in
ques ion.
4.0. The
mos ,,abs-
ac ,
anspozi-
ciSkiausi,
syn akSiS-
kiausi“ a e
abs ac s
wi h he
su ix
-wmas.
This
cha ac e -
is ic is also
e lec ed
in he
Dic iona i-
es — hey
a e no
in e p e -
ed, bu
only
associa ed
wi h he
basic
binomials
(DZ — by
p esen ing
he
ele an
binomial in
a niche,
LKZ — in a
sepa a e
niche, bu
no
in e p e i-
ng he
meaning,
bu only
indica ing
i in he
meaning o
he basic
binomial).
On he one
hand, i
acili a es
lexicog ap-
hic wo k,
on he
o he
hand, i
does no
e eal he
ea u es
o
abs ac
seman ics.
Fo
example,
he
meaning o
he
ansposi-
ional e b
is limi ed
by he
nomina i e
powe o
he
abs ac ,
bu , like
e e y
noun, i
has i .
The e o e,
i is a
leas
necessa y
o y o
dis inguish
pu ely
ansposi-
ional,
syn ac ic
abs ac i-
ons wi h
he su ix
-wmas
used (and
needed)
om
nomina i e
abs ac i-
ons. Fo
example,
he
abs ac
plu ali y
LKZ
ap aSomas
Thus:
plu ali y >
plu al: 1.
F om géliy
ma gumo
e en he
eyes
shimme
8. Spal y
ma gumas
éz akj 18.
Vis a
anago
ma gumo
ge
131
S s.
Wha a
beau i ul
cow.
Sk .
The i s wo
illus a i e
sen ences a e
aiSki
ansposi ion,
abs ac s
Sia eiSkiasi
as a means o
o ming
sen ences; in
he las wo
abs ac
pe o ms he
p ope ies o
he jwo d
unc ion.
mo
O en he
ansposi ion
(nomina ion o
he p edica i e
compound)
implies
ja
ambigui y, o
example, in he
sen ence I don'
like cle e ness
can be
jo
in e p e ed in
wo ways: I don'
like ha he is
cle e I don' like
how he is cle e .
i
4.1.
O cou se, i is
necessa y o
in es iga e in
de ail, which
syn ac ic
s uc u es o
he base e bs
su
a e nominalized
( ansposed) by
he abs ac
su ix
su
-Wow.
Ta iau
ai né a
The
pu pose
o his
small
essay.
Le 's discuss po g.
Fi s , he
p edica i e
compound is
»X
e y
Y“
(X
—
subjec , equi ed
by nouns, signs,
equi ed by
Y
—
binominals)
con en is
ansposed by a
subjec i e
compound
(abs ac noun
o igina o o he
espec i e
binominal), e.g. :
i
Ugly
o
Sunies
—
né
j
kiemq
nejsiligheia
Room,
Bukumas
ylos
—
né
Ro en
sikens
can'
pie ce!
E .
Kq
You
i
blindness
—
po
is in you
eyes
i
Gs
i
M .
Such
ansposi ion
is e y
common in
spoken
language,
because, in
cases o
nega i e
signs, i
pe o ms a
eu emis ic
unc ion,
ji
i
.
y.
ph ase
You' e
gi
s upid!
You' e no
as s upid as
you seem.
Tw
Secondly,
e y
plagia ily
used
sen enceiy
ype
..X is any
Y,
Z*
(X
—
subjec , Y, Z
assigned o i
—
symbols)
ansposi ion
o con en
h ough a
s uc u e in
which he
symbol is
desc ibed by
he biwo d
Y
denomina o
du
o he
—
espec i e
abs ac ,
ixa ion o
i
he symbol in
he
0
ans o med
Z
s uc u e is
op ional. The
ollowing
abs ac
usage is
mean :
Vi ue o
ji
i ue, bu
un easonable
Mon,
Smagumo
This
place is
un
Sk , I 's no
e y old,
jus
uns able
Rm
i
.
.
In hem,
bid a dzZiy
abs ac ly
pe o ms
an emphasic
ne
unc ion.
4.2.
Abs ac
su
p eposi ion
-wmas
lexicaliza ion,
by he way,
smalle han
abs ac y
su ix
su
-ybé, also
ela ed o
he basic
bid a dziy
su
seman ics.
Fo
example,
abs ac l-
y, make
is
skonj
eiSkian¢iy
biid a dZiy
ha e a
meaning
»(some)
la ou ed
ood*:
as e
4.
,,skanumynas,
skanés as“,
iigS umas
3.
»sou ood,
lus ulness,
swee ness
2.
,,swee
hing,
swee s*
i
.
e.g.;
abs ac s,
made o
i8
adjec i es,
uni ing,,spa-
ce“ e ms,
may con ain
a local
meaning,
e.g.:
sha pness
3.
,,Z .
peak
2“:
On he
o
hill, on
he pa io
o
peak is a
hole
Sk ,
heigh
2.
,, esiden-
ial place,
Iygumas
4.
,,Z .
la ness
1“
i
.
.
Mos
abs ac s
can
acqui e
he
meaning,,a
hing wi h
a
cha ac e-
is ic”,
e.g., s upidi y
2.
.,a hing
incompa ible
wi h mind*,
malice
3.
,,bad,
badybé“,
abomina ion
2.
||
D inks all
kinds o shi
o ge be e
as e
Ds
i
.
.
Lexicalized
abs ac s a e
o en used in
he plu al o m
(some ku iy
abs ak y
plu al is
gi en
LKZ as
indi idua-
ls
(e.g., liquids,
a s). ,,The
Li huanian
g amma *
says ha
,,ad e bs
-um
abs ac ly
ends o
acqui e a
sligh ly mo e
conc e e
use when
plu al o ms
a e used“
jy
(LKG,
306).
Is
in ac , hey a e
ad e bs, bu
hey acqui e a
mo e speci ic
meaning, hey
acqui e a
pa icula i y o
he speci ic
nouns by
changing in o
numbe s.
—
The use o
he plu al
i sel can be
an indica o
o he
ne
speci ici y
o he need,
a s ylis ic
o
means, e.g.:
g aZumai,
naujumai
O
os a o
0
ska elés!
Vb,
I
gleinumai
gi
—
ba ely
succéplo-
q
jo
kqasneli mésos!
Sma .
These
a e
whi es
—
Pu he
hook on
he ail!
Yes.
132

5.0.
Compa ing
he
seman ic
di e enc-
es o he
discussed
abs ac s,
i becomes
clea ha
he
abs ac
su ixes
a e close
in e ms o
su
nomina ion powe .
-um ea
i
-is.
The na u e
o
lexicaliza i-
on close
o
su
abs ac s
-wmas
i
-ybé.
In some
posi ions
all
These
abs ac
ypes can be
used
synonymou-
sly wi h
Numbe s.
Howe e ,
one canno
igno e he
ollowing
i
endency:
abs ac
inal
su
- he
pa ame ic
cha ac e is -
ics a e lis ed;
abs ac
su
su ix
-ybé he
p esence o
named
cha ac e i-
o
s ics,
su
abs ac su ix
-wmas, he
be
p ope y o
naming,
pe o ms he
unc ion o a
syn ax
ansposi ion
ool.
Si
sys emic
endency
dél j ai iy
asis eminiy
ak o iy
působení
(e.g., ha
euphonia)
i
is always
ne
i id.
SANTRUMPOS
DZ
—Con empo a-
y Li huanian
Zodynas. V.,
1972. LKG
—Lie u iy
language
g amma . V.,
1965. T. 1.
LKZ
—Lie u iy
Zodynas.
V.,
1956-1986.
Vols. 1-14.
LITERACY
B azdiines
P.
Physics
e minology
in Li huanian
//
Language
cul u e.
V., Sas.
1977.
44.
P.
4-8.
K uopas
J.,
Kaulakiené
A.
Sou h
bid a dziy
abs ak u
su
p iesaga
-gal enem-
i
ia
-is, in
-a
di e en ia ion
e minology
//
Language
cul u e.
V., Sas.
1971.
21.
P.
8—11.
Ska dZius
P.
Languag-
es in Li huania
ZodZiy's
wo k.
V.,
1943.
U bu is
V.
Zodziy heo y
o wo k.
V., P.
1978.
WATIATU-
TE
CEMAHTHKA
JEAJ(bBEKTHBHbIX
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