LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI XL (1998)

Vincentas DROTVINAS

Vilnius Pedagogical University

A COPY OF F. W. HAACK’S „VOCABVLARIVM LITTHVANICO-GERMANICVM, ET GERMANICO-LITTHVANICVM“ (HALLE, 1730) WITH MANUSCRIPT ADDITIONS¹

While researching the history of lexicography in Lithuania Minor, I first noticed in 1988 a copy of F. W. Haack’s „Vocabvlarivm“ held in the archives of the library of the Francke Foundations in Halle (Hauptbibliothek Franckeschen Stiftungen)² (shelfmark 155 M 4/4a). This copy of F. W. Haack’s „Vocabvlarivm“ is rarely mentioned in the history of Lithuanian lexicography (see below), and the content of its additions has not been examined at all until now. The copy itself is also interesting because it makes it possible to date such publications to the second half of the 19th century.³

The copy in question consists of pages of the „Vocabvlarivm“ text and blank, larger-format leaves, the latter having been interleaved (bound in) between two printed pages of the dictionary. The pages and leaves are of different formats: an untrimmed dictionary page measures 18.2 cm × 11.5 cm (trimmed: 17 cm × 10 cm; type area: 14.4 cm × 7.5 cm), while a leaf measures 20 cm × 17 cm. Thus, each dictionary page has an inserted leaf: for the right-hand, odd-numbered pages (1, 3, 5…), the leaf is on the left, and for the left-hand, even-numbered pages (2, 4, 6…), it is on the right. As we know, the „Vocabvlarivm“ itself (without covers and the Preface (Vorbericht), which occupies two additional leaves) has a total of 230 pages (the Lithuanian section, pp. 1–151 Abašas, šo das Lager – žywa-tas, o der Leib (uterus) with the closing phrase Garbe Buk’ Diewui ant Aukšto. Amen and colophon) and the German section, pp. 152–230 (Aaron – Aornas – Zwölfte – Dwyliktas). There should be 115 inserted leaves in all, but there are only 112: 75 in the Lithuanian section of the dictionary and 37 in the German section. Leaves are missing between the last pages of the Lithuanian section of the dictionary, pp. 150–151, between pp. 154–155 and 228–229 of the German section, and after p. 230. Some leaves are folded vertically. Some leaves are defective: after dictionary p.

¹ This article examines F. W. Haack’s lexicographic work and is related to the author’s article „F. W. Haacko Vocabvlarivm Litthvanico-Germanicvm, et Germanico-Litthvanicvm (Halle, 1730)“, published in „Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai“, vol. XXXIX, 1998.

² The current official name is „Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Pietismusforschung der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg in Verbindung mit der Franckeschen Stiftung zu Halle“.

³ The Lithuanian term interleaved copy (see Knygotyra. Enciklopedinis žodynas, Vilnius: Alma Littera, 1997,282), durchschossenes Buch is a book in which sheets of writing paper are bound between the printed leaves for proof corrections or notes (see Helmut Hiller. Wörterbuch des Buches. Fünfte, vollständig neu bearbeitete Auflage. Vittorio Klostermann. Frankfurt am Main, 1991, p. 98.).

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146 The right half of the page has been cut off across its entire width; on p. 226 an uncut corner still remains, and after p. 228 the leaf has been torn out (a stub remains).

When touched, the paper of the leaves feels thicker and stiffer than that of the dictionary pages. As the three watermarks found show, the paper of the leaves was made by local Prussian papermakers, most likely in the third decade of the eighteenth century. Incidentally, dating the watermarks would contribute little to establishing when the additions were made. In general, we might suppose that this copy of the dictionary in question came into being soon after the “Vocabvlarivm” itself appeared, while additions may have continued to be entered in it until the very end of the Lithuanian Language Seminar’s activity, that is, no later than 1740. The leaves are stained with printing ink where they lie against the dictionary pages: when held up to the light, the page columns are quite clearly visible. Otherwise, this copy of the dictionary is in fairly good condition; only here and there are there splashes of ink or brown (glue?) stains. There are also no signs of frequent use (soiling, underlining, folds, or the like).

The dictionary copy is bound (most likely much later) in covers made of approximately 0.3–0.4 cm-thick cardboard, covered with brown patterned paper. In places the paper has worn through to the cardboard; the cover edges are worn, the corners rounded from use, and the left edge of the front cover has suffered particularly from folding. The spine is torn at the top and bottom, and the stitching is exposed. When held, it is easy to feel that the copy is not of uniform thickness throughout. Indeed, on the left, from the spine toward the middle, where the dictionary pages and leaves are sewn together, the dictionary as a whole is noticeably thicker, while the right edge, containing only the leaves, is clearly thinner. As a result, the entire copy appears somewhat compressed and flattened; since the leaves on the right are not held down by the cover, they have become slightly wavy.

We have discussed the physical appearance of the copy of F. W. Haack’s dictionary in question. Knowing that the additional inserted leaves are intended to correct and supplement the text—in other words, to serve as proofs in the broad sense—we will now describe the additions themselves in greater detail. We define these as all the handwritten insertions, or annotations, in the copy under discussion; these may be classified, of course somewhat tentatively, into three types: a) additions in the narrower sense—new words; b) notes on the use of words or their forms; and c) corrections to words, including the correction of omitted or incorrectly written letters, and so forth. The additions are written not only on the leaves: we also find them on the inside of the cover and on the pages of both parts of the dictionary.

On the inside of the cover, arranged in columns and written most likely in two hands, are a total of 32 lines of Lithuanian headwords: one column, in a single hand, contains 24 Lithuanian words with German equivalents, and the other, in a different hand, contains another 8 words (some words have been crossed out and new ones added).

Below the columns, at the bottom of the cover, are 2 entries:

Sum

Michaelis Theophili

Successor

Gundlingii

Godof. Gerlach

Regiom. Poruss.

Regiom. Boruss.

4

A. O. R.

M.D.CC.XXXII

MDCCXXX

Mens. Septbr.

mens. Dec.

(erased or scraped off below)⁴

In Jesu spes mea

To the right of the second column, the monogram GM was added (= Michael Gundlingius?), and later the aforementioned shelfmark was written in brown pencil.

More non-lexical annotations also occur throughout the dictionary, for example:

p. 126, in the blank space, as if by a hand practicing penmanship

Kriſtus Kriſtaus K K Kriſtaus

Kriſtaus

Kriſt()

p. 151: Glory be to God on high.

Amen

Gloria Dei in Excelsis!

p. 260 next to the words

Gotthard from Hungary departed from Halle for Hungary at the Leipzig Easter=Fair.

Ungar Hungarian

Ungarn Hungary, written in the margin

Although the dictionary’s additions and corrections are not particularly numerous (more than 180 words are counted), they are fairly varied. In terms of their nature and purpose, they can be divided into several groups.

1. Most commonly, new words (lexemes) are added; these include, first and foremost, the words in all 32 lines on the back cover. They are presented like the words belonging to the corresponding part of speech in the „Vocablariuvme“, though not always systematically.

2. Related words (derivatives) are added, expanding the entries (articles) of existing headwords; for example, a noun is written next to an existing noun:

p. 8 Apſtas – Apſtumas, and

p. 137 Duck, female – Uttelus, aus

Laußwantzel

or the verb Uttinetis, to delouse oneself,

next to an adjective, an abstract noun is written:

p. 16 White – Baltumas das Weiße.

We find other related words that have been added:

p. 98 Piklewoju, au, oſu, ti, sifting – and Dūna piklewota, sifted bread.

3. Added words or their forms illustrate certain phenomena of the Lithuanian language, indicating where they are described in F. W. Haack’s grammar, for example, case endings:

p. 8 Apſkuſtojis has in vocativo – ſtojau vid

Grammar, p. 246, no. 3.

4. The semantics and usage of new words are also explained in special notes:

⁴ For the authorship of the entries, see below.

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p. 18 Bernas, Knecht or Hausknecht, horse servant. But Tarnas is a servant m. [?] außta fourth servant

p. 21 Dainojimas Dainoti sey (?) this word is used when someone sings for me out of pleasure, e.g., in a tavern or inn. But it cannot be used for sacred verses (in such cases one says giesmė, giedoti – V.D.).

p. 47 Kankles, a musical instrument commonly used among the Lithuanians.

5. Sometimes the notes reflect the religious views or judgments of the author of the annotations:

p. 157 Aufmachen – Paßileidęs inclined, attentivehuⁱᵘᵐ vocabulum usurpatum de hominibus sibi relictis et ad peccatum pronis.

6. In some annotations, apparently written by more than one person, differing opinions on one question or another are reflected, and the annotations themselves form a small lexical study; for example, on the inside of the cover, beside 3eķke, Strumpe, another hand added melior Strumpes uⁿᵈ Streples, while on p. 210 Strümpffe Sзeke,ēs secundum dialectum Memelenſen alias Strumpe, es, aut Streples, iū. This might suggest that one of the annotators was from Klaipėda.

7. Word forms that arose through doubt or error are also often corrected: p. 126 Suti (Sunu) – glossed and corrected to fiuwu, or an error caused by omitted letters is corrected: p. 159 amijliti = apmijliti.

Throughout the annotated copy, traditional abbreviations for Latin grammatical categories of the period are used: adv. interr. = adverbium interrogativum, decl., d. = declinatio, f., foem. = foemininum, G., gen. = genus, g.m. = genus masculinum, gramāt. = grammatica, masc. = masculinum, num. = numerus, pl. = pluralis, pl. tantū = pluralia tantum.

By content, the additions can be divided into several groups. First, efforts to enrich the dictionary with examples of colloquial vocabulary are evident; the following may be noted:

a) names for artisans and officials:

p. 14 Amtmannas Ein Āmtmān p. 15 Audejas, io Ein linen weaver p. 18 Bruwelle, io beer brewer Bitczulis, io E. bee keeper p. 47 Kappoczininķ’s, o a gravedigger p. 54 Kurpininkas, kurpjus, from the shoemaker p. 163 sculptor or stonemason Akmens kalwis;

b) some names of days of the week and months:

p. 18 Little birch, and May month (? – V. D.) p. 20 Sзwenta dienna oder Nedieles diena the Sunday Pannedelis, io Monday Vtorninkas Tuesday Serrada, os Wednesday

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Petnyczia, os Friday

Subata, os Sunday;

c) names of household items, such as clothing:

(cover) trousers, iu Hose oder beinkleider, cf.

p. 87 Hosen oder beinkleider, in pl. tantū

Skepeta f napkin, also handkerchief

Coverlet ober deck

Underlay unter

and footwear:

(cover) shoes, pju Wyžinos leather shoes Wyžios

Naggines, u. Parreβken. A kind of leather shoes

p. 209 Boots;

d) names of some plants:

(cover) Notrinės, u: anderer Arth von Neßeln

p. 76 Ožka=bardis, džia Lilium convallium

p. 108 Puppos, u beans;

e) names of insects and animals:

p. 18 Please, es biene

Bittinas bee king

p. 173 Pelleda, os owl

p. 199 Ratt βurke, es;

f) names of actions, states, processes:

p. 9 To smear, be[chmieren, eppu, epjau, epfu

p. 12 To fly away, eku, ekiau, eksu herzufliegen.

p. 95 perlipti crawl through

p. 173 iβtroβkinti suffocate

p. 183 they call waddinti.

Among the additions, alongside words in general use from colloquial speech, several words from the New Testament with references to passages are noteworthy:

p. 16 Baddu perish from hunger Luc. XV

p. 25 Dūnos pilna tur He has bread in abundance Lukobip V

p. 59 Mattyti See Matt. II.2.

p. 201 Safft sap, moisture, Luc. VIII 6

The additions comprise not only individual words, but also phrases of various kinds:

p. 8 Drugiu apsirgti lie ill with a fever

p. 13 Atpencз pareina He comes back again

Durris vβrakinti unlock the door

p. 23 Wyta (=wiβta – V. D.) det (=deda – V. D.) Kiaubus the hen lays eggs.

p. 49 To say prayers, Poterus laikyti Bettstunde halten

p. 52 A hard road of gravel^us Eiⁿ hard road

p. 53 Dantis iβkulti Zähne ausschlagen (? – V. D.)

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p. 90

To sift grain (i.e. grains)

ungemahlt eßen

p. 143

V3 Wartu ſtoweti

stand in front of the gate.

Among the more typical figurative expressions, at least those that are conditionally equivalent to a proverb or saying, only one is found:

p. 57

When the wolves(?) were in the village, then the dogs (there were none? – V. D.)

When the wolf is there, then one feeds(? – V. D.) the dogs.

Having reviewed the additions, one may consider what purpose their authors had in mind. It is unclear whether these were the unorganized, amateur efforts of one or another reader to write down in the dictionary words they knew but which it did not include. Or perhaps the aim was to correct and improve the dictionary, whose shortcomings we read about in the preface written by G. A. Francke. How realistic the idea of preparing a second edition of the „Vocavblarivm“ was, and how it might have been done, is difficult to say. Only one thing is clear: the new edition of the dictionary was supposed to fill, at least approximately, the gaps that its users had undoubtedly noticed, first and foremost the deficiencies in colloquial vocabulary. Of course, these additions did not constitute systematic, planned correction of the dictionary, if only because those roughly two hundred words, their variants, and combinations were not enough. Apparently, no one was in a position to take serious responsibility for substantially improving and supplementing the „Vocavblarivm“: F. W. Haack left Halle in 1732, and his successor Schimmelpfennig, as far as is known, did not distinguish himself through scholarly Lithuanian studies, limiting himself to teaching the Lithuanian language (at least, no detailed information is available about his work and interests). And in 1740 the Lithuanian language seminar finally ceased all its activities.

Nevertheless, what can be said about the people who may have written the additions to the dictionary? F. Specht, in surveying the manuscripts in the Francke Library, was the first to note the very existence of such a copy („ein durchschossenes Exemplar zu Haacks lit. Wörterbuch“), but remarked of the annotations only that they had not been incorporated into the dictionary. ⁵ Gertruda Bense, the first to study this dictionary in greater detail, writes that many annotations are in the same handwriting as the name Michaelis Theophilius Gundlingius: the entry on the inside of the cover, and similar entries on pp. 9, 12, 14, and 15. Pages 48 and 49 were written in another hand or at least in another ink. On p. 64, too, two different hands can be seen.⁶

It is difficult to draw any more specific conclusions by comparing the entries of the names of the two readers of the „Vocavblarivm“ commemorated on the dictionary’s cover with the handwriting of the additions, or to say that these were specifically their work. Most likely, others besides these two read and used the dictionary and had handled it. This is clearly shown by the two aforementioned notes about the synonymy of names for stockings, whose authors must have been Klaipėda residents. For Michael Theophil Gundling and Godofried Gerlach themselves were born in Königsberg. ⁷ The first was imm-

⁵ Specht F. Das Litauische Seminar an der Universität Halle. – Archivum Philologicum 5, Kaunas, 1935, 47.

⁶ Bense G. Beschreibung der in der Hauptbibliothek der Franckeschen Stiftungen vorhandenen Bücher des Seminars (manuscript, 1992).

⁷ Christiane Schiller: Das litauische Seminar in Halle (1727–1740) und seine Mitglieder. Auf Spurensuche. – Acta Baltica 32, 1994, 211–212.

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rašė tenykščiame universitete 1729, Hallėje 1730 ir buvo eksmatrikuliuotas 1732 m. Antrasis stojo į Karaliaučiaus universitetą dukart (1730), Hallėje įsirašė 1732, bet baigė Hallės universitetą 1735 m. Juodu galėjo lankyti Karaliaučiaus Universiteto Lietuvių kalbos seminarą, bet nežinia, ar buvo geri lietuvių šnekamosios kalbos mokovai.

To find out which individuals added to the dictionary, we should first remember the author of “Vocabvlarivm” himself. In fact, F. W. Haack knew the shortcomings of his work best and had a personal interest in improving the dictionary, so some of the additions may be his. There is no doubt that F. W. Haack’s practical knowledge of spoken Lithuanian and its vocabulary was far richer, more varied, and more lively than the dictionary intended for religious texts. F. W. Haack could have made additions on two occasions: first, while preparing the dictionary for a reprint (if Francke’s wish had been carried out), and second, while using the dictionary. Over a longer period, he could have added words, forms, or combinations that he had heard: these would have been notes for his own use. We could test the hypothesis that the additions and entries belong to the dictionary’s author, F. W. Haack, by comparing his handwriting with that of the dictionary entries; however, without F. W. Haack’s autograph, this is impossible.

In any case, the authors of the annotations were dictionary users who realized that “Vocabvlarivm” had gaps and weaknesses. They showed that they could supplement the dictionary at least to some extent, on their own initiative, although the additions were not unique Lithuanian words (they were known from other dictionaries of the period). Despite the research difficulties caused by the scarcity of sources, one can say that the annotations in F. W. Haack’s dictionary are a document of the language of the Lithuanians of the first third of the eighteenth century, reflecting the need for a more comprehensive dictionary and the longing for a better one. It is unfortunate that a second edition of the dictionary was never prepared and these additions could not enrich it.

Active study of the Lithuanian language in Halle came to an end with F. W. Haack’s dictionary. It is hoped that the old Lithuanian dictionaries in Halle will be studied and that the results will be significant for the future history of Lithuanian lexicography.

Appendix

The appendix consists of facsimiles of additions to Vocabvlarivm and a continuous list of the additions.

The additions are transcribed while preserving the line layout and, where possible, distinguishing uppercase and lowercase Lithuanian and German letters. The relationship of annotations to dictionary words is sometimes indicated in parentheses with the article author’s initials, V. D. Words corrected, illegible due to unclear handwriting, or doubtful are given in parentheses with a question mark and the aforementioned initials. Latin abbreviations are explained in the notes.

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Reverse of the cover of the copy containing additions to the “Vocabvlarivm”.

10

VOCABVLARIVM

LITTHVANICO-

GERMANICVM,

ET

GERMANICO-

LITTHVANICVM,

Containing all the

New Testament and Psalter

words occurring according to the alpha-

bet are included;

In addition

An Appendix

a concise

Lithuanian

GRAMMAR

Published

by

Friedrich Wilhelm Haack/

cultivator of sacred theology,

currently lecturer at the Lithuanian Seminary in Halle.

H A L L E,

Printed by Stephanus Orban, University Printer

1730.

Title page of the “Vocabularium.”

11

12

Applikations-

Ablative, m. pract. nat. Turb. off. Image, m. gen. form. Representation, m. the represented. Representable, m. the representable. Representation- (mico) is based on. Representation, f. gen. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form.

Representation, f. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representable, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representation, f. gen. form. Image, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Representable, m. gen. form. Representation, f. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Image, m. gen. form. Representation, f. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form. Image, m. gen. form. Representation, f. gen. form. Representable, m. gen. form. Representational, m. gen. form.

47

p. 47, 1 47 k.

13

14

[Printed table; text is not legible enough to transcribe reliably.]

[Handwritten annotations; text is not legible enough to transcribe reliably.]

p. 18, 1. 18 d.

Entries on the dictionary cover

Lippine treppe

Staircase Stairs, u

Working day werckeltag

Skrieblinė, es hutt

Cap, es E.¹ Mitze Hutt Mutczia, czios Mütze

3ekke Stockings

meli^or2 Stockings

u. Strēples Raiß... (stained with ink, crossed out – V. D.)

Neck garment (crossed out – V. D.) E. Halßtuch

Neck garment (crossed out – V. D.) Ryßis

A little stone

Kenkle, it is the curved leg of a stocking

Spaktis (p crossed out – V. D.), that is, E. buckle, E. clasp

Shoes, pju Wyžinos leather shoes, Wyžios, u, Parreßken

Naggines, u. Pareßken, a kind of leather shoes.

Trousers, iu pants or breeches

Sermega (means) coat; E. Weßt (cloak means Skreißte, es)

Kulner^us collar

Window: Fenßter

Horn, es f.³ wooden pointed glass

scd: dialectum Skywis, jo f.⁵ plate

Memel dialect,

alias⁴ Torelus

Tablecloth f. tablecloth is very much in use, better⁶ Skoterte, es

Kerchief f napkin, it.⁷ handkerchief

Covering (U corrected from V – V. D.) or cover

Pakklotis below

Pawazios, and a sled’s manger

Wortinkle, it is a spiderweb

Mießlunkis, that is, the jester

Kute os (? – V. D.) f. (? – V. D.) fire (? – V. D.)

Dilgines and nettles

Notrines, and another kind of nettle

Spangoles, and bilberries

Pempe, it is a lapwing

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Sum of Michaelis Theophili Gundlingii, of Regiomontanus⁸, Prussian. At Halle in Magdeburg⁹, in the year of the Lord¹⁰ 1730, in the month of December. In Jesus is my hope

Successor Godofr. Gerlach, of Regiomontanus, Prussian. 1732, in the month of September.

Additions to the Lithuanian-German section of the dictionary

8 d¹¹ Apſjwelkūs

To be afflicted with fever (g corrected from k – V. D.), to lie sick with a fever, page 334, grammar¹²

Apſkuſtojis, has in the vocative ſtojau vid grammar page 246, no. 3

Apſjtūmas, o

9 k Aptepti, to smear, eppu, epjau, epſju

11 k Atkalti, to hammer or forge, Kalwis Ka (? – V. D.)

12 d Atlekti, eku, ekjau, ekſju, to fly here

Atminnu, ynau, ysxu (x crossed out – V. D.), inti, to step back, e.g.¹³ to step back the shoe

Atpencз pareina, it comes back again

Atpleſti, to open (? – V. D.) door or (? – V. D.) to open (? – V. D.) to br.. ſt (? – V. D.)

to open (? – V. D.), atdarryti

Durris vßrakinti, to unlock the (? – V. D.) door; Raktas, key

14 k that which remained (written beside Atſtanka, os, the remainder 2 decl. G. fem. – V. D.) Amtmannas. A bailiff. Pole..k (? – V. D.) vel (? – V. D.) get up when you have fallen (? – V. D.), then stand up.

15 k Audejas, his Ein linen weaver Audeklas linen

16 d Baddu to perish from hunger Luc. XV

18 d Blizgoti to shimmer (written in: von Edelſtein D.? – V. D.) Bloзnas, no ein ſchalck (written in: Schelm – V. D.) BaltumāS the white

16

Beggu God would have said this den Gott das soll.. (? – V. D.)

Beje yes, he has said even more NB the gradation of a speech, yes, he has also.. (? – V. D.) said that (? – V. D.) need (? – V. D.)

Ben kad ben tai butu If only that were so!

Bernas, servant or house servant, stable hand

But Tarnas is a servant. e (? – V. D.) auſsta fourth (? – V. D.) servant

Berzellis, o May month

Bille if only this were so

Bitte, it is a bee

Bittinas, queen bee

Aulys, his (crossed out – V. D.) beehive Awyliſ, io

Bitcullis, io f. bee keeper

Bruwelle, io beer brewer

Spiecus, aus swarm of bees

the sun that gleams in an old-fashioned way

20 d ſchwenta diena or Niedeles diena the Sunday. Pannedelis, io Monday Vtorninkas Tuesday Serrada, os Wednesday Petnyzia, os Friday Subata, os Sunday

21 k Dainoti To sing; this word is used when one sings merely for pleasure, e.g. in an inn or lodging house. Or otherwise for pleasure. But it cannot be used for spiritual matters (? – V. D.)

23 k wyta (corrected to wißta – V. D.) det Kiaubus the hen lays eggs kaip deſdinni (? – V. D.)

25 k Myllas cloth or cloth Drumstas thick is used of fluids, e.g. water, wine (? – V. D.) etc. but etiam ras (garden trowel? – V. D.) Storas (? – V. D.) Dünos pilna tur He has bread in abundance Lukobip XV.

32 d Grobai, u 1 d. g.m. the entrails

46 d Kaip retay how seldom

47 d Kankles, u a musical instrument commonly used among the Lithuanians

47 k Kappoczinink’s, o a gravedigger Kappoczauti, ju, awau, ausu to practice the gravedigger’s trade

48 d katrulⁿ where, adverb of place: Karaulunas (=Karaliūnas – V. D.), o a crown prince Kaspin’s, o a hairband worn by women Kaßkadda perhaps (written in above ex adv. dubitandi et adhibet de rebus dubiis – V. D.)

17

49 k Let us fall on our knees and pray (? – V. D.)

Passiklau (crossed out thereafter – V. D.) let us fall on our knees and ^d pray

To hold the prayer ^us to hold a prayer service

The prayers, if held twice a day

A trodden path A well-trodden path

A rough road A ⁿ hard road

A frozen road A ⁿ frozen road

A sled path A ⁿ sled road

53 k To knock out a tooth to knock out a tooth (? – V. D.)

Cheekiness, well, a cheek = tooth

54 d A shoemaker the shoemaker (written above: the female shoemaker – V. D.)

is more commonly used (? – V. D.) Kurpjuſ, aus, 4 d. g.m.

To sew shoes to make shoes

A preacher’s wife A preacher’s wife

to cough, cough, coughing

57 k When the wolves are in the village, then the dogs (is it? – V. D.)

When ^er the wolf is there, one feeds the dogs

59 Mattyti: Sehen (prirašyta Matt. 11. 2. – V. D.)

62 d Milſti (ſ3 corrected – V. D.) to milk, 3u, 3au, ſ3u

milßtūwe, the milk pail

64 d Myße laikiti E. to hold a sermon

Naujena, od^er A new newspaper

Narras (uns written above = Narruns? – V. D.) it. E.

Duck (crossed out – V. D.) diving duck, female duck

65 k Nebylys, io (prirašyta mutus. – V. D.)

dumb

nedawadney (added – V. D.): incomposit^us

incontinu^us

incondit^us

indigest^us

indisposit^us

inordinatus

turabat^e (? – V. D.)

76 d Obſras, and a Dachſe, 1 d. g.m.

Ash=tree, of ashes, Lilium convallium

90 d To eat roasted (sc.¹⁴ grains) ungemahlen

91 d Patkawa, os a horseshoe

Pakalne, es the lowland

95 k to climb over, to surmount

to pour over, übergießen

to crawl through

97 d pertiſti, to stretch apart from one another ſtu, ſiau, tiſu

98 d Pėſtas, ſto on foot g.m. peſta, ſtos g.f. (written in: NB also means a

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By Stammpfe, a pestle was meant (V. D.).

Piklewoju, au, oſu, oti to sift and¹⁵

Piklewota dūna, sifted bread

108 d Puppos, u bohnen

126 d Suti nahen sunu (the n is circled and corrected to w. – V. D.) ſuwu

Christ Christ’s K k Christ’s

Kriſtaus

Kriſt (unfinished? – V. D.)

137 d Uttelus, aus, n. Loußwentzel

uttinetis to run

138 d Pantas, o

141 k Walakis, io unsuitable money

142 wamʒdʒūti to whistle (underlined and annotated: wamʒdʒu, au, iju, iti – V. D.)

142 d Wanta, os a short broom made of green herbs, which is used in the bathhouse

143 k Vʒ Wartu stoweti To stand before the gate

149 k ʒarnos, u 2 d. g.f. the intestines

NB Angle ʒiarrojanti

Additions to the German-Lithuanian section of the dictionary

157 k, having let oneself go, inclined, aufmerkſahm (underlined – V. D.) h^hum

vocab ulum uſurpat de hominibus sibi relictis et ad peccatum pronis

Joſtas tried

159 k Bedenken to ponder, to consider (p was inserted and the corrected word apmiſliti was repeated – V. D.)

der bedacht ʒamone, because (3=S – V. D.)

161 d Bemühen (sich) to strive (an addition: ſtorotiſi – V. D.)

163 k Bildhauer oder Steinhauer stonecutter

165 k Creatur, gechſöpff creation, o 1 d. g.m.

173 k Pelleda, os owl

Vschtrokßkinti to choke one another (? – V. D.), but to choke

Selbst is Vßrokßti

174 d Feder feather (an addition: also writing – V. D.)

175 k Wiſſa pilnacſe (? – V. D.)

Riezwaſ

diligently

181 k to melt (?? – V. D.) the fire pours (?? – V. D.), i.e. ¹⁶glow

183 k to call waddinti

House Buttas hut farm (numbered by the author of the annotation – V. D.):

House 1) is proprie a house; (2) is properly a building that (3) is house, yard (?? – V. D.) v^nd everything understood under the term household.

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Properly, a house is also called Nammai, mu, 1st decl. gen. masc. Luc. XIV,

XI. Household goods Turtas, o Namu rykay.

187 k trousers or breeches Kelnes, iu in pl.: only in the plural

191 k cloth

193 k Pelle, it is mouse

199 k Raht ſurke, it is

201 Dampness, Luc. VII. 6

205 Duty i.e. to be obligated; is guilty.

206 d V.17 p. 67. Priereggeti not to be able to see well (annotated: Neprireggeti – V. D.)

208 Proverb Kālbeſis (annotated cio (?? – V. D.) 1 d. g.m.

209 Boot Sopaga (annotated: ending s – V. D.)

Ražai, u

Strangas

210 daily, everyday (written above: kas den [every day] – V. D.)

210 d Strümpffe Sſēke, it is. According to the Memel dialect, otherwise

Strumpe, es. or (? – V. D.) Strep̄les, ú.

211 k foolish, silly, sillily (written above i.e. einfältig – V. D.)

foolish, durnay, i.e. närrisch

223 d forest, Girra

226 again^er fetch or^er repeat atkarto­ti

230 twice-fold

Explanations

1. Here and elsewhere, E. denotes the indefinite article ein eine.

2. melior – better.

3. f. – foemininum – feminine gender.

4. ſcd: – secundum – according to.

5. ſ – ſive – or.

6. in uſu – in use, potior – better.

7. it – item – likewise.

8. Regiom – Regiomontanus – of Königsberg.

9. Magd. – Magdeburgensis – of Magdeburg.

10. A. O. R. – Anno Orbis Redemptoris – Year of the Redemption of the World.

11. d – the right-hand side of a leaf, k – the left-hand side of a leaf.

12. gramāt. pag. – the pages indicated are from F. W. Haack’s Lithuanian grammar.

13. e.g. – exempla gratis – for example.

14. ſc. – ſicut – for example.

15. unde – from here.

16. i.e. – id est – that is.

17. vid., v. – vide – see.

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THE CORRECTED COPY OF “VOCABVLARIVM LITTHVANICO-GERMANICVM, ET GERMANICO-LITTHVANICVM” BY F. W. HAACK (HALLE, 1730)

Abstract

The annotated copy of Friedrich Wilhelm Haack’s (1705–1754) “Vocablavrim Litthvanico-Germanicvm, et Germanico-Litthvanicvm” is preserved in the Main Library of the Francke Foundations (shelfmark FrB 155 M 4/4a). More than 180 Lithuanian words and phrases, together with their German equivalents, have been entered in the dictionary copy by previously unknown users (probably two students of the Lithuanian Seminar). These handwritten additions, mostly drawn from colloquial language, were intended to enrich the printed dictionary entries and explain the semantics and use of some Lithuanian words.

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