105s aipsniai / a icles
esMiniai ŽodŽiai: semasiologinis / onomasiologinis me odas, eonimas, janas Łasickis,
I 's a wi e.
KeyWo ds: onomasiological semasiological wo d esea ch me hodology, heonym, by
Jan Łasicki, Ki nis.
oLandas k egŽdys
Lie u os kul ū os y imų ins i u as
Scien i ic esea ch a eas: ancien Bal ic eligion and my hology,
sou ces; compa a i e g amma and e ymology o he Bal ic and
o he Indo-Eu opean languages.
Li huanian language
LM-mo phology and semioch omology
o he LM-in e e on kine ics
(LM-in e e on kine ics and
LM-in e e on kine ics and
LM-in e e on kine ics and
LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics and LM-in e e on kine ics)
Mo phological and semasiological
Le els: Ki nis anno a ion The a icle is in ended o discuss he peculia i ies o seman ic
ex ensional and e e en in e e ence ela ions o lexemes in seman ic onomasy analysis
(semasiological onomasyological). A e semasiologically analyzing he name o he dei y
men ioned by Jan Łasicki in his wo k De Diis Samagi a um (1582) Ki nis, he onomasiological
me hod o s udying wo ds is ega ded as caus ic. on he basis o a newly ca ied ou ex ual
and g amma ical analysis o he La in ex and he e ymology o he name, he seman ic
explana ion o he Li huanian wo d Ki nis is denied. This name o he dei y is no associa ed
wi h a phy on, bu wi h he objec o wo ship o he medical social g oup.
In his a icle, we will discuss he de ini ion o he e m "seman ic" and how i ela es o he
de ini ion o he e m "seman ic" and how i ela es o he de ini ion o "seman ic" and how i
ela es o he de ini ion o "seman ic" and "seman ic." T ying o in e p e Vy au as Mažiulio
106 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX masiological and semasiological). on he basis o he p esen ed
oLandas k egŽdys
semasiological analysis o he heonym Li h. Ki schne , men ioned in De Dius Samogi a um (1582) by
Jan Łasicki, he onomas icism o he econs uc ion o he indi idual social g oup dei y cul o he
Hea e is based on he ecen ansla ion o agmen s o Łasicki's wo k om La in and hei
logical wo d esea ch me hodology is de ined as casuis ic.
also, a new explana ion o he seman ic alue o he heonym Ki nis is p esen ed. he as-
ex ual esea ch, as well as he e ymological analysis o he heonym. he exis ence o he
wo shiping objec
as che y- ee is e u ed.
0 Con ibu o s
The seman ic ex ensional and e e en ela ionship o lexemes is based on wo
me hods o esea ch: 1) semasiological analysis, whe e, acco ding o Vinco U bucio,
[…] he s udy goes om he exp ession o he con en […] (Lke 566); 2) he
onomasiological me hod, whe e […] he examina ion goes om he con en o he
exp ession[…] (Lke ibd.), i.e. he mo i a ion o he i s wo d's seman ic explana ion is
a gued by an in e e en seman ic sequence e lec ing he conno a ion o he
subjec o he signi ying objec , and he second […] sync e ic signi ying sequence, he
axonomy o whose s uc u al elemen s de e mines he hype onomic s a us o he subjec o he signi ying objec .
(PeŽ ii 195) un il now o unce ain o igin (see G oshe a 2009: 306) subs . and lo. he co num ‘sedula
(Co nus); sedulos aisius[…] (old 446) a seman ic le e , based on which he adj is econs uc ed.
I 's going. *k[…]n[…]- (-a-) - […]nuki s as, cu o […], o he La in wo d supposes sememą *[…] aisius
wi h a ha d (possibly cu , cu o ) bone, i.e. a hypo he ical mo phological seman ic connec ion,
unb oken by ac ual ma e ial, because he e is no e idence ha anyone would e e cu
some hing, cu o a bone o cu o a bone. In addi ion, i should be no ed ha w i en ancien
sou ces emphasize he ha dness o he wood o some o he plan s named by his phy onym,
a he han he p ope ies o he mo phology o he cons i uen pa s o he ui s (see
Annenko : 1878-109; BCE XX 611-612; Le XXVii 149; SDS 492-494), e.g. he compa ison o sedulus wi h he
g ain: ae a a o si e o.p. o.408, . y. a . The good co nucopia V. g. 2.448, i.e. sui able o mili a y
a ai s, is he sedula (ž . oLd ibd.).
Lie u ių kalbos leksemų mo ologinio i semasiologinio
lygmenų in e e encinio yšio k in esencija: Ki nis
107 a icles by a icles
1. subs i u ed Lie down. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I is also known as he "P unus ce asus" o "P unus ce asus".
Lie down. This is KiRN[…] . P. and
TeoniMo Lie. KiRNiS o he in e e ence a io
P obLeMa
sp endžian žodžių e imologiza imo p oblemas, dažnai emiamasi bū en ono-
he massiological de e mina ion o he ela ionship be ween he seman ic
ex ensional and he e e en , de e mining he o igin o he phan asmago ic
hypo heses. some o hem ha e no been denied un il now, and he esul o such a
backwa d app oach o he o igin o wo ds is he codi ica ion o pseudolexems, i.e.
hei p esen a ion in he main Li huanian-language lexicog aphical dic iona ies (pa y,
LkŽ[e]), he eliabili y o which (i.e. his o ical) is no usually doub ed. By blindly elying
on he ac og aphy o he wo ds men ioned and using he a o emen ioned
onomasyological me hod (i.e. wi hou aking in o accoun he peculia i ies o he
supe io i y o he in e nal econs uc ion me hod o he language), some
esea che s ha e e en de eloped he idea. he p o o ypical languages o speech (see
he hypo hesis o Hjalma F isco and Viachesla I ano below). One such wo d is
[…]subs . he lie. he meaning o (bo .) k yklė yšnia (P unus ce asus) in he Li huanian
dic iona y is gi en based on only wo sou ces: Kazimie Bougas and he Li huanian
Bo anical Dic iona y. Pa i (composed by he Bo anical Dic iona y Commission, headed
by D . L. Vailionio. edi ed by D . J. Dagys. Kaunas 1938) acco ding o he da a o he
au ho s (see LkŽe), and subs. he lie. he ca e pilla . p is equal o only om he
Li huanian Bo anical Dic iona y (LkŽe). The e a e easonable doub s ha his is an
a i icial bo anical e m, c ea ed acco ding o he me hodology o he i s
Li huanian lo a esea che , Ju gis Amb aziejaus Pab ėžis, who […]...[…] did
inno a ions, among o he s, gi ing plan s and Li huanian (land) my hological names
(wi hou Aus ia, bu e aičinas, ga duny is, guboja, Poklius, aganė, a ainy ė,
so a as, e ikas, gabė, e c.) […] (balsys 2006: 78). Un o una ely, some esea che s a e inclined o a chaize hese gende s (sen ai y ė 2002: 6), al hough hey a gue his hypo hesis no o linguis ic easons, bu o bo anical easons (see 4 below).
I can be sa ely assumed ha he k. is, based on he wo k o Jan Łasicki De Diis
Samagi a m Cæ e o mque Sa ma a um, & also um Ch is iano um. The A menian
Religion (1582) was he i s o men ion he Ki nis2, p esumably, k laidingai (see below)
is in e p e ed as he god o he sp ing (plg. Ki nis cæ asos a cis alicuius secundum
lacum si ae cu a , i.e. he "ki nis" is a ached o one,
1 apie šį eikalą i jo y imo aplinkybes bei pe ipe ijas plačiau ž . dini 2010: 305–307; k egždys 2011a:
101–106; ališauskas 2012.
2 Fo a mo e de ailed desc ip ion o he unc ion o his e m, see sen ai y ė 2002: 6.
108 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX s anding on he pa emen , o esses g owing in he
oLandas k egŽdys
highlands), ene a ed in he Zems o 3: P æ e ea, Plo elscij, i.e. […]be i , ce ain places, as
well as mo e noble amilies, ha e hei own special gods. Fo example, deuoi is [de ai is],
ſun ce is ag is, quemadmodum nobilio ibus amilijs, ſingula es dei. idelice Deuoi-
is ag i Poiu skij, Ve uſ is Re o skij, Guboi ac T e icos Sa ako skij, Ki nis
ie a e […] Ve us is, sa ake […] guboi and e icos, […] ki nis […] [Lasickis yš 1969: 21, 19,
40[…]41], we e wo shipped on he beach, and he plan was named […]k yklėnia (P unus
ce asus)[…]. The hypo hesis pu o wa d by O o Sch ade io (i.e. 589; 1907: 175) (which was
suppo ed by Maksas Niede mannas [1902: 97]) is men ioned by J. Łasicki in his wo k De Diis
Samagi a m... he heonym Ki nis […]die s […] yšnių globėjas[…] e lec s p alie. *ki nas
‘ yšnia (→ *Ki nijas) (b oade see ieW572; Walde, ho mann i 277; see also
Грошева 2009: 307–308).
Such an a emp by hese esea che s o econs uc he Bal ic ield o he ze o oo deg ee is
appa en ly unsuccess ul (e.g. beekes i 771), esul ing in many e oneous s a emen s, a leas in la e
wo ks, abou adimusi4. such an assump ion can be made o he ollowing easons: i. ac ual disc epancies
[…] a) he cul i a ion o indigenous ineya ds in Li huania began o be plan ed in mano s only in he 15 h
cen u y. b) in Li huanian olklo e his plan is no poe ic, 3 i is sepa a ely men ioned ha he my hological
ma e ial was collec ed and submi ed o Jan Łasicki by Jakob Łaskowskis, a Polish bajo om he Kaliszow
egion, he ma hema ician ( e ise ) o he land o Zygmun Augus in Žemai ija (see Le 1958: 188). he places
he isi ed a e acked acco ding o he lis s o he coun y egis e compiled by J. Łaskowski himsel .
The e o e, i is belie ed (Le ibd.) ha J. Łaskowski wo ked in Pla eli and Ga gdu ( he a ea o he K e ingiški
k e ingi), in Jos a ( he dialec al a ea o he Wes e n Highlands), in A iogalo ( he a ea o he Wes e n
Highlands Kauniškių), in he illage o Šiaudiniai ( he a ea o he Šiaudiniai Šiaudiniai nea he illage o
[ba ko] [ he a ea o he Wes e n Highlands Kauniški] and Ka šu os) (see 2011a; 2012a). 4 In addi ion o he
wo ks o he o a o , his phan asmago ical na a i e has also been in e p e ed in he wo ks o
Li huanian my hology (i is a pi y ha he esea che s o he na ion who y o in e p e he subjec s o
my hology e y a ely ely on he wo ks o he o a o s, see J. Łasicki's Apidomenos o he Dei ies
(Lasicius)
1868: 12 [89] linguis ic analysis by Zigmo Zinke ičius [1981: 9697], which has been igno ed o his day [see
Vai ke ičienė 2002: 18; ališauskas 2012: 45, 113]), see An onio Mie zyński (1892: 59, 77), Alexande B uckne
(1980: 212), Wilhelmo Mannha d (1936: 380), and he claims o Jono Basana ičius and Pe e Klimen abou
he dend opho ic adi ion o he wo ship o Li huanian gods, o example. This is a e y doub ul
idea ha was de eloped in his wo ks by Vi o Pisanis (1950: 91; see also LM iii 71), Wal e Jaskiewicz
(1952: 85), Ma ia Gimbu ienė (2002: 54), Ignace Na bu s (2004: 6118, 6 619), Gin a as Be esne ičius (2004:
190), Romain Ba u a (2005: 115), Ma a Bě áko á and Václa Blažek (1952: 91: 93) and o he s.
Algi das Julius G eimas (1990: 95-96) was he i s o doub he au hen ici y o he dei y and claims
ha his unc ional desc ip ion is a s e eo ype ypical o he Renaissance e a, i.e. ins ead o , in his
opinion, he clampy and dumbling dei y, J. Lasicki c ea ed he dei y o he cha io . Acco ding o
Ma hew P e o ia (MP ii 387), in he hi een h cen u y P ussia, he willow was al eady abundan , i.e.
i became a common ga den plan (plg. MP iii 633).
Lie u ių kalbos leksemų mo ologinio i semasiologinio
lygmenų in e e encinio yšio k in esencija: Ki nis
109s aipsniai a icles . y. i s e iology is assumed o be e y la e (see balsys
2006: 351). In addi ion, he K. Buga (ii 199[…]201, 225) is a inding ha he names yšnių
[…] and laukinės ( esp. Ce asus ulga is) and kul ū inės ( esp. P unus ce asus L.)
[…] a e Li huanian loanwo ds om Sla ic languages. The i s bo owings o his
plan a e da ed o he VVii a., based on lie. he dial. I 's called he Viennese Uppe
Peninsula. The loan was used by he wes e n whi es, plg. p . wisnay os ‘ yšnios e
620 (ž . PeŽ iV 255), bu his does no mean ha such plan s we e g own in
Li huania a ha ime. The s a us o cul u al deb s can be mo i a ed by hei
seman ic disc e ion, e.g. V. Mažiulio's (PeŽ ibd.) asse ion ha p . * īsnai ā
o iginally mean sememą *‘sly ų ajai i medeliai. ii. o mal analysis, supposing
lapsus calami j. Łasickio's shop De
This is Samagi a m... exis ence.
by examining he o mali ies o g amma ical lo. he ce asus […] he oak […] he emu . ; […] supe io ui […]
is neu al. […] subs i u ed and lo. ce asum […] supe io ui […] (mo phological inno a ion, i.e. g. neu . is
seconda y because o 1) g . κεράσιον […] supe io ui […] neu . [Ls 798]; and 2) in e aces wi h subs . and
lo. he ui o he pomum ee (especially he obelisk, he sp uce, he ig ee, he walnu ee, e c.) […]
neu al. See also Lewis, sho 1958: 317; D o ecky 1976: 596; oLd 301) and J. Lasicki indica e unc ional
a ibu ions deno a e cae asos inconsis encies, p ima ily he no ed adial -ei -a-con adic o y
ela ionship, which has so a been igno ed, al hough i does ha e a decisi e signi icance in no ing he
absence o hese wo gene ic si es, see lo. ce asus is a loanwo d om he G eek κερασός ‘ yšnia (e nou ,
Meille 2001: 114; see also Ls 798), no eco ded in ancien sou ces wi h he oo -ae- (ž . e nou , Meille ibd.),
which usually e lec s he di ongoid o he loans, plg. subs . and lo. G aecus is G eek, adj. and lo. G aecus,
-a, -um […]G eek, G eek […] is G eek. G eek […] e nou , Meille 2001: 280; he subs . and lo. Aeoles […]ajoliečiai[…]
is he g . a[…]oeleῖς […] .p.[…] and k . O cou se, i is possible o specula e ha such changes may ha e been
in luenced by he endency o he sounds o medie al La in o be modi ied, e.g. subs . and lo. aeclesia
[…]bažnyčia[…] […] ecclesia […] .p.[…] I is also known as he […]eclesia […]bažnyčia[…] (see D bogla 1993: 11; also
see Ha ing on 1997: 3). Such a guess would be co ec i he dic iona ies used in he Kingdom o Poland in
he 15 h cen u y indica ed such a change. Un o una ely, ha 's no he case. ce asum […] supe io ui […]
neu al This is V. lo. he ce asus […] he oak […] he emu . (see Maczinsky 1564: 48; see also E zepki 1900: 18),
i.e. no only does i no a y he adial -e-, bu he di e en ial a ian s o wo ds a e also e y clea ly
de e mined acco ding o seman ics and g amma , espec i ely he genus ca ego iza ions we e (ii 201),
explaining he Sla ic name o his plan al eady in old Li huanian w i ings, says […] in Li huania i does no
g ow wild wild wild boa […] p unus a ium[…], and he pa o he old bo anical ee (2002: 109), based on
esea ch (LP), nu odo […] he common che y (also known as he us y che y) (ce asus ulga is) ha has
been widesp ead since ancien imes. Ne e heless, he desi e o his esea che o jus i y phy onomy
lies. The s a us o he inhe i ed o ms o he c anbe y (P unus ce asus) is comple ely unsuccess ul, as
he names o he plan s men ioned a e no used in he old w i ings and, mos impo an ly, in he
dic iona ies. So hese wo ds ha e an ex emely la e o igin, p obably no o be doub ed.

110
oLandas k egŽdys
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX
he i e indica o . Thus, i can be assumed ha he ligio-olian a ian s o his in e p e a ion o he
ex , o he dei y Ki nis is he "god o he high places", may be mis aken: Kï nis cae asos a cis
alicuius secundum lacum si ae cu a . In quos, placandi eius, he o ess's g owing ineya d. In o de
causa, gallos mac a os inijciun , cae eosque accendos in eis igun (Lasicius 1868: 11
[88]; da ž . Lasickis 1969: 40) ↔ „ki nis – globoja p ie ienos, paeže ėje s o inčios,
o change i , hey pu he papaya be ween he candles icks and ligh he candles icks ha we e
bu ning he e (Lasickis 1969: 19). Such a s a emen is a gued by he esul s o o mal o g amma ical
analysis: 1) he second sen ence in quos is no consis en wi h he i s cae asos, because he las
wo d is he mo he o he cousin's g imines, and he adjec i e syn agma […] masculine o no o he
cousin's g imines ep esen , because i hese lexical pieces we e consis en , j. Łasickis would be
w i en in quas ce (i i e lec ed he lous eminis o in quae). (2) in quos, appa en ly, ea ed as an
inse ion, ansla ed ‘ o his eason; (See also O.L.D. 1560 [16 Seman ic Lizdą]). The e is he e o e
no doub ha he sec ion o M Łasicki's shop unde analysis p esupposes en i ely di e en
in o ma ion han has been commonly assumed o da e. I 's sa e o assume ha so many discussions
ha e in ol ed a subs i u e. and lo. cae asos e lec s he s uc u al damage, cha ac e is ic o he
sequences o cons uc ions o a ious pe iods wi h sona a, plg. e b. and lo. (Vaan de 2008: 51),
subs i u ed by and lo. he ne ous sys em, he ne ous sys em, he ne ous sys em; memb um
i ile and k . This is a p alo. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. and lo. I 's called a blush. I 's a blush. ♪ I'm he
one you' e looking o ♪ I'm going. *plus- […] .p. […] This is no he case. (Wikipedia, 2008) In his a icle,
we'll look a some o he mos common misconcep ions abou LSD. cæ asos, appa en ly, e lec s he
sonan o - i o he ica i e - ansposi ion, assuming he au hen ic gende wi h he e ymology o
he adial -ae ans o ma ion: lo. Caeso […]medki ys[…]6 (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a
Spanish poli ician. caedo ‘ki s i, kapo i [Lewis, sho 1958: 6] I was ypical o he al eady elde ly
I alians o wo ship he dei ies who domina ed he ac i i ies o social g oups. They' e called lo. I 's
called he signs o he powe o he will o he gods, o he powe o he will o he gods, o he
powe o he gods. One such my hological name was he god Sil anus, who ca ed o he sick
(Hamil on 2009: 13). The my h o Medki i is common in G eek my hology (see Hansen 2004: 34, 241; Lose
1957: 142, he Cel s wo shipped he god Ezus (Esus, Aesus), depic ed in Medki i (Sh ae man 1961: 181,
1996: 164, 854). jis minimas i šiau ės ge manų sagose (Macculloch 1930: 207, 280).
264; see also Kalygin 2006: 8182). The ancien Indians belie ed ha he god Rud a was he ule o he
Medki s (Macdonell 1912:
Lie u ių kalbos leksemų mo ologinio i semasiologinio
lygmenų in e e encinio yšio k in esencija: Ki nis
111 a icles by a icles
26) → *cae -a-sos (pl.) due o homophonic con amina ion wi h he ollowing ollowing
cae eosque accendos […]i igni ed wax candles bu ning[…], appa en ly, he ex quo ed
nės leksijos -os a si adimą ( . y. eikė analogijos ak o ius).
by Liem and Inno aci od, i is possible, should be in e p e ed as ollows: Ki nys globoja
akes ca e o some building by he lake in he illage o Medki s. So, in o de o pu him
on his side, he cook summoned him and pu him on his back he e. This assump ion can
also be suppo ed by ac ual ma e ial, since i is known ha he own o Pla eli was
si ua ed on a lake o he same name, he su oundings o which we e e y wooded. The
people who li ed in hem also cu down he ees, cu hem down in he o es s, e c.
(see Le XXiii 94[…]95), and J. Łasickis (Lasicius: 13 [90] 1868) indica es ha Ki nys was
wo shipped speci ically a he Pla elyi cas les:
P ae e ea, sun ce is ag is, quemadmodum nobilio ibus amilijs, singula es dei idelice Deuoi is ag i
Poiu skij, Ve us is Re o skij, Guboi ac T e icos Sa ako skij, Kï nis Plo elscij (Lasickis 1969: 41),
i.e. […]be ha in some places, as well as in he noble amilies, he e a e only local gods; namely: deuoi is
o he Paju i egion, Ve us is ie a o, guboi and w e icos sa akų, ki nis Pla elių. […] I is clea ha
he in e p e a ion o he onomasyological lexeme o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he
meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning
o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning o he meaning. This me hod o s udying
lexemes de e mines no only he ideas o Li huanians, bu also hose o o he s. Vyachesla I ano
(Gamk elidze, I ano II 554) e en econs uc ed he idea o he de e mina ion o he cha ac e is ics
o he lexical sys em o languages, o example, by no analyzing he o mal analysis o he La in ex .
*kh[…]n[…]- […]sedula[…], hus assuming he s a us o a wo d ha ne e exis ed in he Bal ic languages
(gamk elidze, i a-303). In hei my hological s o ies, he my hical name s. i. d u-han […]medki ys[…] and
he sac alized name o he axe s. i. pa açu a e eco ded (Macdonell 1912: 384, 492). Simila my hological
mo i s a e also ound in I anian manusc ip s (Albo o ii 84).
112 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX i ano ii 554), based on he hypo hesis o hjalma o
oLandas k egŽdys
isko (i 828) ha he e is no such hing as a spy. Ki nis is a ela i e o subs . and lo.
no ii 555), be i pa alogizmą ide. *khnŏ-, ma i pa s V. i ano as (gamk elidze,
The ho ns, he emales. he ollowing A icle is inse ed: O a hickness no
exceeding 0,2 mm ie is (old 446447), g . κράνον ‘sedula, g . κερασός ‘ yšnia a e he
deb s om some a ea o Asia Mino (see also Vaan de 2008: 137), and alb. hanë ‘sedula
can also be o en i ely di e en o igin (ž . o el 1998: 472), nei he claimed men ioned
he e o e o unce ain o igin lo. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
hipo ezės ienas au o ių, emdamasis anks esniais šios leksemos ap ašais (plačiau
ž . Walde, ho mann i 277).
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying
down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. p is equal o (Beeches
77071) is no o be con used wi h heonime7 lie. Ki nis, who does no e lec he
conno a ions o i onimin (see his desc ip ion o o igin in pa ag aph 2), as was
cus oma y o do un il now (see sch ade i 589; 1907: 175; niede mannas 97: 1902; boisacq
1916: 509; chan aine ii 577; ieW 572; isk ii 7; e nou , Meille 2001: 144; Vaan de ibd. ; Walde
and Ho mann, ibd. ; The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he
in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Thus, he e is no basis o supposing ha G eeks, I alians, and whi es a e o he same o igin.
Two, I'm going o lie. KiRNiS e iMoLogiZaViMo will be p o ided by he company.
Ki nis has been in e p e ed in a ious ways o his day: 1) as a lexion - and subs .
he lie. The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: subspecies,
non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species,
non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species,
non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species,
non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, non-species, and o he species
he lie. he dial. he ci cle […] e u ns he MŽ, n, j […] subs . he lie. k[…] nos 1 (pl.)
[…]slopes, almos uninhabi ed bushy a eas, clampyness[…] bzbk XXViii 308, g 91, k.
būg, d , (LkŽe) edinys (ž . Mannha d 1936: 380[…]381; jaskiewicz 1952: 85;
g eimas 1990: 95[…]96 [see also sec ion 3 om] he o e
2006: 351);
2) is connec ed o he Ki no […]ke as, bush […] e 637 (g ienbe ge 1896: 20[…]21; b ückne
1980: 214);
(3) he op. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: Kie no 1326 (Mie zyński 1892: 77), which is in e p e ed as a
subs . he appella ion "ki no […]ke as, bush[…]" ( o he oponym see ge ullis 1922: 63); 7 This is no he
i s comple ely unsuccess ul a emp o link g . κράνον ‘sedula (Co nus mas L.) wi h heonine. Ma inus
Willem de Visse (1903: 156) hypo hesized ha he heonimous g . The epi he […]θήνη Κραναία (P. 10.34) is
de i ed om he subs . g . κράνεια […]sedula[…], al hough i s o igin is qui e di e en (see Kaga o […] 1913: 165[…]166).
Lie u ių kalbos leksemų mo ologinio i semasiologinio
lygmenų in e e encinio yšio k in esencija: Ki nis
113 a icles by a icle
4) he op. he lie. Ki nė […] locali ies in he Šilalė dis ic nea Pajū i and Piliakalnio (Alishas-
kas 2012: 62; da ž . La Ž 135)8;
5) is going. *kh[…]n[…]- […]sedula (Co nus)[…] is a species o he genus P alie. I 's
lie. *ki ns ‘ as, ku is gy ena ki nis’ → lie. Ki nis ‘deus ce aso um’ (sch ade i
589, 1907: 175; niede mann 1902: 97; da ž . ПЯ iV 15; gamk elidze, i ano
called "p alie". This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I should be no ed ha his su name is no men ioned in he e ymological
dic iona ies o he Li huanian language by E ns o F ankel (LeW 241, 257) and
Wojciech Smoczyński (sejL 276277).
On he basis o he ex ual and o mal analysis o an ex ac om he shop o J. Łasicki (see pa ag aph 1),
i can be cau iously assumed ha he heonism lies. he dial. I e lec s a de ec i e line wi h an abso bed
elemen . he dial. This specula ion by Vy au as Alishauskas (ibd.) is comple ely unbelie able due o he lack
o a e y s ange a gumen o mo i a ion. The au ho o he hypo hesis, based on he onomassiological
me hodology o he s udy o he de elopmen o seman ic heo y, claims ha : Ki nis appeals o he
p esence, i.e. he name, e lec ing he localiza ion e e ence o he wo ship o he oponymic dei y. By
he way, his is how he (Alishauskas 2012: 61[…]63) in e p e s, by e elling he e ymology o he people o
Wal e Cha les Jaskiewicz, he explana ions o he o igin o he names o he gods c ea ed by he
p inciple (b oade . k egždys 2011a: 102), no jus he heology. I 's a cu e, bu i 's a lie. I 's called Deuoi is,
i 's called Ve us is, i 's called T e icos, i 's called Guboi. I is eg e able ha his esea che dis o s
he in o ma ion p o ided in M . Łasicki's shop, i.e. he changes he localiza ion o he wo ship o he dei y
(i.e. he denies his own specula ion, a guing he homophony o he place and he names o he dei y): De Diis
Samagi a m men ions he place o he wo ship o he dei y P la el ius esp. I 's called Ki n.
I is wo h men ioning ha Vy au as Ališauskas uses a e y s ange me hodology, no only ying o
analyze Li huanian my hologies, bu also in e p e ing La in language lexemes (see mo e a k egždys
2011a: 102103) and o he ideas. cul u al eali ies o he na ions, o example, acco ding o his
esea che , he syn agma g . πότνια θηρών […]ž ė ių aldo ė[…] il. 21.470 is o […]mikėniškės o igin[…],
al hough specialis s in classical philology a gue he opposi e, e.g. […] his i le o a emis, so o en used
by mode n schola s, only occu s he e in home […] ( icha dson 2000: 94), i.e. he linea b le e in he
insc ip ions c ea ed du ing he lou ishing pe iod o C e an and Mycenaean cul u e, such a
my hologeme is no eco ded (Kazanské, Kazansky 1986; ba on 2002). Cu cheku kē […] *Ku k-is-is-is-is-is
[…] is he god o he ago , i.e. he one o whom he ogues (gal ijai) a e subo dina e […] ← *Ku - a-ka- . p
is equal o (wi h s uc u al elemen s - abso p ion [b oadly see C aigslis 2009: 280281; C aigslis 2012:
108109]); 2) he name o he s. isl. V […]odino o Lokio's son […] […] *Wa-ni-lo (wi h s uc u al elemen s -
non-abso p ion [b oadly see V ies 1977: 641; also see kempiński 2003: 94; k egždys 2012: 286) and o he s ( o
mo e examples see k egždys: 41, 44, 92, 116, 117, 131, 221, 286, 289, 290, 307 […]308, 348, 355, 363, 373, 412, 414, 496,
219; k egždys 2013: 94). I is no easy o de e mine he gende a ec ed by he abso p ion, especially by
de ining he e ymological de elopmen o onomas ic o ms, e.g. a d. lie. Š ka (also spelled Š kus, Šikus o
Ši kái ė) is a lis o Li huanian su names (LPŽ ii 937), classi ied as Sla ic on he basis o o ela ed o he
a d. (s.) b . Shy ko, by he way. Shi ko , his is Shi kin. Howe e , such an explana ion is jus i ied by he
c i e ia o onomasio-scien i ic analysis (see Chap e 0), which a e causal, acco ding o he R.A.V.D. The
o igin o Shi ko is associa ed wi h he appeal o he Russian language a d. (s) . Shi yae (ъ) ← a d. (s) .
120 ac a
oLandas k egŽdys
Linguis ica
sejL – smoczyński Wojciech. Słownik e ymologiczny języka li ewskiego. Wilno: P in-
Li huanica LXX e Polyglo , 2007. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Shi yai *'da bs us, uolus; The old man is old and he gi l is young 2002: In e p e a ions o he my hological
6–10.
ci cle. […] People's cul u e 6(87), sc a ches i[…]Vii […] sc a ches he d o he P-line. Ring one w i ings 17,
pa . albe osin. Vilnius: Publishing house o Science and Encyclopedias, 1996 o 2013. In he case o he
Uni ed Kingdom, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance uled ha he con es ed decision was i ia ed by an e o
o law. he Na ional Ins i u e o Osse ian Names; Published by he Polish Academy o Sciences. This
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. Słownik Polish language 18. Wa saw: W p in ing house e. Lubowskiego (12), W p in ing
house […]gaze y handlowej[…] (36), W p in ing house […]Współczesnej[…] (7), Wydawnic wo kasy pomocy dla
osób p ackujących na polu naukowem imienia j. Mianowskiego (8), 1898[…]1923. V. g. […] Publi Ve g ili Ma on is
he name o he illage. I 's called Geo gica.
Van Michiel, E ymological Dic iona y o La in and he O he I alic Languages, published in 2008.
Leiden and Bos on: b illian
"I don' wan o gi e up" 2002: Home is whe e he hea is. This Decision shall en e in o
o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean
Union. Visse Ma inus Willem de 1903: The non-humanizing gods o he G eeks Leiden: book
ading and p in ing o ms e. j. b . This a icle is pa o a se ies on he Old No se
E ymological Dic iona y (V ies jan de 1977). Leiden: e. j. b . (Spanish p onuncia ion) Walde,
ho mann iii Walde alois, ho mann johann bap is . This is he name o he ci y in which i is
loca ed. This is he La in E ymological Dic iona y. Heidelbe g: ca l win e uni e si y
bookkeeping, 1938 (bo n 1 [al]), ca l win e uni e si y bookkeeping 1954 (bo n 2 [mz]). Zygmun
96–97.
Bauman (1981), he name o a my hological god. […] Bal is ica 17(1), Zinke ičius Zigmas 2006:
The o igin o he Li huanian dialec s. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e. Albo o iii Albo o Bo is om And ee ich. Some ques ions om he Osse ian
лологии 1–2. Владикавказ: Издательско-полиграфическое предприятие им. В. А. Гас-
сиева, 1979–2005.

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lygmenų in e e encinio yšio k in esencija: Ki nis
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апе лятыўнай лексікі. Мінск: Навука і тэхніка.
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значения. Москва: Астрель, АСТ.
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Lie u ių kalbos leksemų mo ologinio i semasiologinio
lygmenų in e e encinio yšio k in esencija: Ki nis
In his a icle "De e mina ion o he In e e en ial Rela ionship o he Lexemes a he
Mo phological and Semasiological Le els," Ki schne p esen s a semasiological analysis o he
heonym Li h. Ki nis is men ioned in De Diis Samagi a um (1582) by Jan Łasicki. I also deals wi h he
de e mina ion o he in e e en ial ela ionship o he seman ic ex ensional and e e en ,
which is o be based on he a gumen s o he wo old c i e ia (onomasiological and
semasiological). The assump ion o he dei y-cul econs uc ion by he indi idual social g oup o
hewe s is based on he ollowing conclusions: (1) Onomasyological wo d esea ch me hodology,
based on he sync e ic seman ic dis ibu ion o he lexeme, which accoun s o he hype nomic
s a us o he de ini e objec subjec in he case o i s s uc u al complexes, p esupposes he
eme gence o pseudoscien i ic e ymologies.
2. heonym Li h. Ki nis wi h he meaning […]p o ec o o he che ies[…], men ioned in De Diis
Samagi a um by J. Łasicki, canno be in e p e ed as a e lec ion o P o o-Li h. I 's called a
che y. he said conclusion can be d awn on he basis o 2a. ac og aphic disc epancy, o he
cul i a ion o amed che ies as plan s o he mano in
Li huania began in he 16 h c. only;
2b and The esul s o he o mal analysis o he ex o Lacus Lacus, which is w i en in La in,
p esuppose he exis ence o a lapsus calami, i.e. M. and M. La . ce asus […]che y ( ee) […]
em. ; […] che y ( ui ) […] is neu al. […] M. and M. La . cae asos (J. Łasicki); also known as 2c.
O he M. and M. La . cae asos em. Wha is i ? (J. Lassicki) does no ag ee wi h he
g amma ical s a us o he p eposi ional syn agma in quos (masc. neu .), which should
egula ly be pu down as in quas, in quae.
3. heonym Li h. he dial. (Lowland) Ki nis p esupposes econs uc ion o he de ec i e o m
dial. *Ki ns ‘dei y o hewe s’, which is o be de i ed om Li h. dial. *Ki ins ‘di o’. he
o igin o he las is o be jus i ied by he phenomenon o an onomasia.
Li h. 4. gi en he analysis o he heonym Li h. Ki nis, he possibili y o he econs uc ion o i-e
*khn- ‘co nel (Co nus), as well as he exis ence o g eek, i alic and bal ic isolexeme wi h
he meaning o ‘che y’ mus be ejec ed.
Deli e ed on 4 Ma ch 2014
oLandas k egŽdys
Lie u os kul ū os y imų ins i u as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
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