Recenzijos / Re iews 269
HARALD BICHLMEIER
Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g
F ied ich-Alexande -Uni e si ä E langen-Nü nbe g
Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en
Scien i ic esea ch a eas include ancien Eu opean
hyd onyms, Indo-Ge manic, Cel ic, Ge manic e ymology,
his o ical phonology and mo phology, Mycenaean, and
ancien I anian syn ax.
This is G eule Alb ech .
Ge man
I 's called he Wa e Name Book.
E ymology o he name
NAMES OF he wa e s and o he
NAMES o he
co esponding a eas and se lemen s
Wi h he help o Sabine Hackl-Rößle .
Be lin […] Bos on: de G uy e , 2014, 634
pages, wo maps in he co e o he en elope.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Wi h he Ge man Wa e Names Book [DGNB] p esen ed he e, Alb ech G eule
has o he i s ime p esen ed a comp ehensi e o e iew o wa e names in
he Ge man-speaking wo ld. Fo his alone, A. G eule dese es hanks and
ecogni ion. The book is he esul o se e al yea s o wo k in 2006-2012 (S. 8)
and can be conside ed as a sum o his ea lie wo ks on oponomas ics in he
b oad sense.
I s ands alongside he wo k on Ge man place names published wo yea s
ea lie , which was o ganized by Man ed Niemeye (2012), bu is signi ican ly
di e en in concep ion and o igin om ha one: The Ge man Place Name Book
[DONB] was able o build on a numbe o p edecesso s and is a join wo k o
almos 90 au ho s. The ollowing a e deal wi h:
HARALD BICHLMEIER
270 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
Names o owns om a size o abou 8,000 inhabi an s. Since he DONB has been
a ended by nume ous his o ians in addi ion o enowned namesake schola s and
(p ima ily Ge manic) linguis s, i is a e. The DGNB owes i s o igin o he Fleiß .a. o
die sp achwissenscha liche E klä ung in e lichen A ikeln, zumal wenn sie
o deu sche Namen(bes and eile) behandeln, o übe hol . Zudem wa en das
Zielpublikum des DONB ehe sp achwissenscha liche Laien als Namen o -
an au ho . Abou 3,000 wa e names in he Ge man-speaking wo ld a e ea ed
he e. This makes he wo k as a whole and especially in e ms o he le el o
linguis ics much mo e homogeneous han he DONB. In his con ex , i should also be
no ed ha he DGNB is he i s o p esen a la ge onomas ic wo k on oday's
oponyms in he b oade sense, in which an a emp was made o inco po a e he
knowledge o mode n Indoge manis ics in o he p esen a ion. This canno be
emphasized enough in iew o he ha dening o he o e whelming majo i y o he
ep esen a i es o ha gene a ion o esea che s on he s a us o
Indoge manis ics à la Hans K ahe and Julius Poko ny (and hus ul ima ely on he
s a us o he p e-wa pe iod).
The DGNB is di ided in o h ee pa s: an in oduc ion o he o ma ion and
esea ch o wa e names (page 1 […] 5) and gene al explana ions o he o igin o
he book, he s uc u e o he a icles, explana ions o echnical e ms, e c.
(page 7 […] 17). The main pa is he ac ual […]Namenbuch[…] (S. 21[…]619), and he
wo k is concluded wi h he li e a u e di ec o y (S. 621[…]634). The la e is
somewha awkwa d o use, as he i les o an au ho a e booked ch onologically,
bu a e quo ed in he "name book" acco ding o keywo ds p in ed in i alics in he
li e a u e di ec o y in he espec i e i le. The indi idual en ies in he "name
book" o e in he i s pa he name o he body o wa e in he s anda d
language o m, in he case o names no composed wi h clea ly de ined basic
wo ds wi h ega d o he genus he speci ic a icle and hus a genus name,
in o ma ion on he loca ion and leng h o he i e as well as […] bu no
consis en ly […] in o ma ion on he (mundane) p onuncia ion. This is ollowed by
some impo an his o ical o ms o he name, usually he i s documen . A e
ha , he e ymological and linguis ic explana ions a e o e ed and inally he
mos impo an li e a u e is quo ed. Wa e names o he same p onuncia ion
a e summa ized in one a icle, bu o cou se can ha e qui e di e en
e ymologies, which a e hen shown sepa a ely o each sub-a icle. I he
e ymology is consis en , i is gi en only once a he end o he a icle o all
names oge he .
G eule Alb ech . Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie
de Gewässe namen und de Zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und
Flu namen Un e Mi a bei on Sabine Hackl-Rößle .
Re iews by 271
In p inciple, he a icles o e eliable in o ma ion, bu he e a e also
inconsis encies ha a e some imes o e looked. In any case, hey can also be
explained by he p ocess o c ea ion o he wo k: A. G eule basically adhe es o he
LIV2 in his oo app oaches, bu he e a e also he ou da ed w i ings o J. Poko ny:
*h2em(H)-e- pou ing, wa e ing (S. 125 s. . Emme) nex o he […]ig. *amə- (> gm. *ama-)
[…] o p oceed igo ously, o ackle […] (e.g. S. 126 s. . Ems; so abou IEW 36), which is
ce ainly u idg. *h2emh3- (LIV2 265 .) means how abou hen 127 s. . Emsbach
becomes clea whe e i says: […]u ig. I'm going o ouch i , I'm going o ouch i . A.
G eule he e o e d aws an in e media e Indo-Ge manic be ween he
U indoge manic and he indi idual languages, which la gely co esponds o he
sound le el econs uc ed in he IEW. I emains unclea whe he A. G eule is
e e ing o an ac ual in e media e s age o is simply e e ing o eade s who
a e o e whelmed by he app oach o he la ynx. Wi h he la e oo , which is
unexpanded in Ge man only in isol. I'm no going o bo he you. I'm no going o
bo he you. (IEW 778; de V ies 1962: 8; no in EDPG) seems o be subs an ia ed, bu i
seems o be ques ionable, in any case, on he basis o he seman ics, whe he i
should ac ually be assumed in his and se e al o he cases. This is all he mo e so as
wei e en Gewässe namen, ü die sie als G undlage o geschlagen wi d/wu de,
o liegen kann, ode nich besse (imme ?) on u idg. *h2em(H)- ‘gießen, be-
a lexeme is eme ging. I'm su e i 's mo e likely o be o.g. I'm so y abou ha .
*h2em(H)-e- pou ing, wa e ing is hea d. Howe e , i can also be based on he wo king
me hod p esc ibed by he publishe (pe sonal communica ion A. G eules), a e
Diese Uneinhei lichkei en mag man einem ehlenden wei e en Ko ek u -
which inished name a icles a e no longe supplemen ed o ew i en. should be.
This equi emen has also led o younge , i.e. u he back in he cu en si ua ion
han hose u he o wa d. In iew o he six-yea pe iod o c ea ion (collec ion
o he ma e ial and d a ing o he a icle), much could no longe be inco po a ed.
Alphabe s ehende A ikel o auch wissenscha lich und bibliog aphisch au
This is eg e able, since i is p ecisely in ecen yea s ha some wo ks ha e
appea ed which ha e led o a kind o pa adigm shi in he s udy o he oldes
laye s o wa e names, which can also be unde s ood in A. G eule's o he wo ks and
o which he himsel poin s (G eule 2011: 125): he applica ion o he me hods and
ep esen a ions in mode n Indoge manism. The publishe 's speci ica ions aise
ano he p oblem, which is o cou se also known om he wo la es edi ions o he
[…]Kluge/Seebold[…] (EWdS24, EWdS25) which se e as a model o he DGNB: in he
e ymological pa , usually only an explana ion o he name is o e ed, a
ep esen a ion o e en
HARALD BICHLMEIER
272 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
Discussion o compe ing p oposals is a e. So i is a om always clea in he
espec i e explana ion whe he i is a long-es ablished e ymology, which has
pe haps only been mode nized in e ms o no a ion, o a (new) p oposal by A.
G eule (which may well ha e come om him himsel and may ha e been published
ea lie ). Since he li e a u e in each a icle is e y limi ed, no conclusion can be
d awn abou his ei he , unless you ha e he ci ed li e a u e a hand and can look
i up.
An example o his is he en y Ems-Bach1 (S. 127): 795 Hemisa, 805 (copy 12 h
cen u y) Emisa, Heimese, 1420 Emse. The name is e u ned o he p e ious one.
*Amisa, a Ge manic explana ion o he oo […] o ouch, o ackle[…] is
conside ed as shown abo e a Ems, o a Cel ic e ymology o he oo […] o
pou , o wa e […] which is also used o he Swiss place names Obe ems,
Niede ems (Wallis) 1101[…]1300 Emesa, 1270 Hemesa, which a e aced back o a
Cel ic wa e name *Amisāzu (c . LSG 660, 899). Fo he same Bach (bu lis ed
he e as […]Emsbach[…], G eule 1998: 11 = 2007: 48 s ill adds: […]idg. *Amesâ,
s-de i ed om idg. The i e bed, he di ch. I is an ancien Eu opean name
because o he pa allel names. […]1
The lack o p esen a ion o compe ing p oposals and he ex emely limi ed li e a u e may be
la gely unimpo an o a layman, bu o hose who use he DGNB scien i ically, his o cou se
makes he wo k mo e di icul : i will no be le ou ha indi idual esea che s will make
"new" hough s abou wa e names ha o he s ha e long had. Fu he mo e, in many cases
one can ha e di e en opinions on e ymologies o on he linguis ic classi ica ion o E yma,
especially as ega ds he classi ica ion as Cel ic s. Old Eu opean o Indo-Eu opean. Fo
example, he names Isa ( igh o he Danube) < Isa a (244 ), Isel (le o he D au) < 1312 Isel < *
Isala (246), Isen (le o he Inn) < Isana (246) a e adi ionally e e ed o as […] es.-ig.[…], a
Cel ic explana ion emains a possibili y […] and has long been accep ed in Cel ic wo ks as
sel -e iden . […] Un il now, i is unce ain whe he an in e consonan la y in he inne wo d, i.e.
[…]h in he la e syllable, was ac ually adop ed in he Eu opean laye o ocabula y as […]a okal,
[…] 1 V. o one o a se ies o ocabula y names ha a e supposed o con ain he wo d […], […]
Bie meßl.
2 See o example Poko ny 1914: 293; DLG2 191; Delama e 2012: 165.
G eule Alb ech . Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie
de Gewässe namen und de Zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und
Flu namen Un e Mi a bei on Sabine Hackl-Rößle .
While his is gua an eed o he Cel ic, i is also he case o he Cel ic. Adjec i e
in Cel ic also a es ed appella i ely: The wo d o he squi el in Old Cel ic, ía u,
is a u he o ma ion o he o-be-se ancien Cel ic adjec i e wi h he
indi idualizing on-su ix and on o u i . *isa ōn- ‘ he swi o he adjec i e
u kel . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . *h1ish2 o be e u ned.4
Consequen ly, *Isa-l/ /nā- < u idg. can be used. *h1ish2-l/ /néh2 in any case o be
Cel ic, whe he i can also be p e-Cel ic, mus be conside ed unce ain as long as
no examples o wa e names can be p esen ed ha he ocaliza ion u idg. *KHK-
> *KaKzeigen and no based on pos -Cel ic se lemen s. Language a ea lie.
Anyway, i is p ecisely wi h such names ha he assignmen o a language laye is
made mo e di icul by he ac ha one always has o calcula e wi h a su ix
a ian *-e ó, ega dless o whe he one uses his now wi h Ha đa son 2011 as
Vddhie ung o u idg. - Explained o o he wise. Jus in he p esen case, due o
u idg. *-h2-e- > *-aim Inlau a clea assignmen o he names o one o he wo
language laye s is de ini i ely impossible.5 A la ge numbe o such cases can be
ound. In he case o such an ex ensi e wo k, i canno be a oided ha e o s
may also c eep in, no only based on he di e ing opinion o a esea che on
indi idual sound changes, e c. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is
awa e o he ac ha he Commission has no ye aken a decision on his
ma e .
This is he case wi h he name o he Luhe (le o Naab; DGNB 328). He e, A. G eule elies
on he e idence. Loua (a. 905 [copy o he 12 h cen u y]) and he mode n dialec o m [lọu]
Cel ic. I'm so y, bu I don' know wha you' e alking abou . *plōā- (wi h ypical Cel ic
p-sh inkage) as a en-s ep o ma ion o he oo u idg. I'm no su e wha you' e alking
abou . This de i a ion is impossible because he ancien Cel ic had no *ō, u idg. *ō had
de eloped in o *ā in he in oduc ion, in o *ū in he ending.6 As an al e na i e solu ion, i
is p oposed o use he Uppe Pala ina e wa e name as a Ge manic o ma ion ei he a
he oo u idg. *le- […]smudge[…] (LIV2 414) o unde s and: he basis is hen u idg. *ló-o-
he di y, di y o *lo-ó- he di y, di y, a Ge manic unp oblema ic Vddhi de i a i e o
u idg. *lō-ozu o one o hese wo o ma ions had ei he he meaning […]wi h di ,
cha ac e ized by di […] → […]di y[…] o […] o he di ie 3 c . McCone 1996: 51 . This is he
i s ime I' e seen i . ; sligh ly di e en EDPC 6: only in he i s syllable? ; Zai e 2012:
193[…]201, also known as *isa ā197.
See also pa ag aph 4. Ziegle in he yea 2001.
5 See also Bichlmeie 2011, 2015a wi h u he li e a u e.
See also 6. McCone 1996: 54[…]65; EDPC 8, 9. This is a lis o people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
274 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII
gehö ig’, wobei die e s e wah scheinliche is ; ode , un e dem Vo behal , dass
eine seman ische Ve schiebung angenommen we den müss e, anzunehmen,
dass auch eine Vddhi-Ablei ung u idg. *lōh3o/eh2- > u ge m *lōa/ō- zu
o-s age o ma ion *lóh3-o- ‘ he washing o *loh3-ó- ‘washing, washing ( om he
oo u idg. leh3- ‘washing [LIV2 418]) could exis .7 Howe e , he las -men ioned
examples should no be unde s ood as a undamen al c i icism o he DGNB.
Ra he , hey show how much esea ch is s ill needed in he a ea o he oldes
s a a o wa e names in Cen al Eu ope. To igno e his esea ch and pa ly he
need o ollow-up is o close one's eyes o eali y. The wo ks o H. K ahe, W. P.
Schmid and J. Udolph on his complex o subjec s, which a e la gely ou da ed in
hei me hodology (and hus in hei esul s) oday, necessa ily (as he e iewe
has epea edly eminded) equi e a e ision o he cu en s a e o
Indoge manis ics. A. G eule has aken a big s ep in he igh di ec ion wi h he
DGNB. His book will be a s anding wo k o yea s o come and can se e as a
aluable basis o u he esea ch. Wha is needed now is a ho ough and
comple e examina ion, a leas o he oldes s a a o wa e names in Cen al
Eu ope, by Indo-Ge manis s, including a discussion o he olde p oposals in a
mul i- olume wo k. The DGNB is no he wo s basis o his.
LITERATUR
Bichlmeie Ha ald 2011: Baye isch-ös e eichische O s- und Gewässe namen aus
indoge manis ische Sich : Teil 2: Isa und e ymologisch Ve wand es sowie Addenda
zu dem Bei ag in den BONF 46 (2009), 3-63. – Blä e ü obe deu sche Namen o -
schung 47, 2010[2011], 21–31.
Bichlmeie Ha ald 2015: Einige indoge manis ische Anme kungen zum Namen
de Luhe (Obp .) (Baye isch-ös e eichische O s- und Gewässe namen aus indoge -
manis ische Sich 7). – Blä e ü obe deu sche Namen o schung 52, 2015. [im D uck]
Bichlmeie Ha ald 2015a: Isa , Isel, Isen, Ise , Isny – Re lexe eine kel ischen
Gewässe namensippe in Baye n und Ös e eich mi einem Anhang zu Isu a (Baye-
isch-ös e eichische O s- und Gewässe namen aus indoge manis ische Sich 8). –
Ös e eichische Namen o schung 42, 2014[2015]. [im D uck]
7 Vgl. zum ganzen Komplex aus üh lich Bichlmeie 2015.
G eule Alb ech . Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie
de Gewässe namen und de Zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und
Flu namen Un e Mi a bei on Sabine Hackl-Rößle .
Recenzijos / Re iews 275
Bichlmeie Ha ald 2015b: Amme bach und e ymologisch Ve wand es. – Ös e ei-
chische Namen o schung 42, 2014[2015]). [im D uck]
Delama e Xa ie 2012: Noms de lieux cel iques de l’Eu ope ancienne (-500/ +500).
Dic ionnai e. (Collec ion Les Hespé ides) A les: Édi ions E ance.
de V ies Jan 1962: Al no disches e ymologisches Wö e buch. 2. e g. Au l. Leiden:
B ill.
DLG²: Delama e Xa ie : Dic ionnai e de la langue gauloise. Une app oche linguis ique du
ieux-cel ique con inen al. P é ace: Pie e-Y es Lambe . 2e édi ion e ue e augmen ée.
Pa is: Édi ions E ance 2003.
EDPC: Ma aso ić Ranko: E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Cel ic. (Leiden Indo-Eu o-
pean E ymological Dic iona y Se ies 9) Leiden – Bos on: B ill 2009.
EDPG: K oonen Guus: E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Ge manic. (Leiden Indo-Eu o-
pean E ymological Dic iona y Se ies 11) Leiden – Bos on: B ill 2013.
EWdS24: Kluge F ied ich / Seebold Elma : E ymologisches Wö e buch de deu schen
Sp ache. 24., du chges. u. e w. Au l. Be lin – New Yo k: de G uy e 2002.
EWdS25: Kluge F ied ich / Seebold Elma : E ymologisches Wö e buch de deu schen
Sp ache. 25. Au l. Be lin – Bos on: de G uy e 2011.
G eule Alb ech 1998: Gewässe namenschich en im Flußgebie de Lahn. – Nail
Robe (Hg.): Die Wel de Namen. Sechs namenkundliche Bei äge. (Sch i en de Uni e -
si ä sbiblio hek Ma bu g 87) Ma bu g: Uni e si ä sbiblio hek Ma bu g, 1–17.
G eule Alb ech 2007: E ymologische S udien zu geog aphischen Namen in Eu opa.
Ausgewähl e Bei äge 1998-2006 he ausgegeben on Wol gang Janka und Michael
P inz. (Regensbu ge S udien zu Namen o schung 2) Regensbu g: edi ion ulpes.
G eule Alb ech 2011: A bei s- und Da s ellungs echniken des Deu schen Gewäs-
se namenbuchs. In: Ziegle , A ne / Windbe ge -Heidenkumme , E ika (Hgg.): Me ho-
den de Namen o schung. Me hodologie, Me hodik und P axis. Be lin: Akademie-Ve lag,
117–126.
Ha đa son Jón Axel. 2011: Um o điđ já n í o nno ænu og o sög þess. – O đ og
unga 13, 93–121.
IEW: Poko ny Julius: Indoge manisches e ymologisches Wö e buch. I. Band. München –
Basel: A. F ancke 1959.
LIV²: Rix Helmu e al.: Lexikon de indoge manischen Ve ben. Die Wu zeln und ih e P i-
mä s ammbildungen. Zwei e, e b. u. e w. Au l. Wiesbaden: Reiche 2001.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
276 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII
LSG: Lexikon de schweize ischen Gemeindenamen. Dic ionnai e oponymique des commu-
nes suisses. Diziona io oponomas ico dei communi s izze i, h sgg. om Cen e de Dialec-
ologie an de Uni e si ä Neuchâ el un e de Lei ung on And es K is ol. F auen-
eld – S u ga – Wien: Hube , Lausanne: Edi ions Payo 2005.
McCone Kim 1996: Towa ds a Rela i e Ch onology o Ancien and Medie al Sound Ch-
ange. (Maynoo h S udies in Cel ic Linguis ics 1) Maynoo h: Depa men o Old and
Middle I ish, S . Pa ick’s College.
Niemeye Man ed (Hg.) 2012: Deu sches O snamenbuch. Be lin – Bos on: de
G uy e .
Poko ny Julius 1914: He kun und E ymologie des Wo es Eisen. – Kuhns Zei -
sch i 46, 292–294.
Zai Nicholas 2012: The Re lexes o he P o o-Indo-Eu opean La yngeals in Cel ic.
(B ill’s S udies in Indo-Eu opean Languages and Linguis ics 7). Leiden – Bos on:
B ill.
Ziegle Sabine 2001: Al i isch ía u, das „ linke“ Eichhö nchen. – F i z, Ma hias /
Zeil elde , Susanne (Hgg.): No alis Indoge manica. Fes sch i ü Gün e Neumann zum
80. Gebu s ag. G az: Leykam, 587–590.
I was published in June 2015.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
F ied ich-Alexande -Uni e si ä E langen-Nü nbe g
Ins i u e o Compa a i e Indo-Ge manic Linguis ics
This is Kochs . 4/16, D-91054
E langen ha ald.bichlme[email p o ec ed] This is a lis o ci ies and owns in Ge many.
Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g
The O ien al Ins i u e
Semina o Indo-Ge man s udies and gene al linguis ics
Ludwig-Wuche e -S . 2, D-06108 Halle (Saale)
ha ald.bichlmeie @indoge m.uni-halle.de The e ymological dic iona y o
Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en
Old High Ge man is published by he Jena o ice
I is loca ed a Zwä zengasse
12, D-07743 Jena ha ald.bichlmeie @uni-jena.de
