Greule Albrecht. „Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch. Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der Zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen“

Recenzijos / Re iews 269 HARALD BICHLMEIER Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g F ied ich-Alexande -Uni e si ä E langen-Nü nbe g Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en Scien i ic esea ch a eas include ancien Eu opean hyd onyms, Indo-Ge manic, Cel ic, Ge manic e ymology, his o ical phonology and mo phology, Mycenaean, and ancien I anian syn ax. This is G eule Alb ech . Ge man I 's called he Wa e Name Book. E ymology o he name NAMES OF he wa e s and o he NAMES o he co esponding a eas and se lemen s Wi h he help o Sabine Hackl-Rößle . Be lin […] Bos on: de G uy e , 2014, 634 pages, wo maps in he co e o he en elope. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Wi h he Ge man Wa e Names Book [DGNB] p esen ed he e, Alb ech G eule has o he i s ime p esen ed a comp ehensi e o e iew o wa e names in he Ge man-speaking wo ld. Fo his alone, A. G eule dese es hanks and ecogni ion. The book is he esul o se e al yea s o wo k in 2006-2012 (S. 8) and can be conside ed as a sum o his ea lie wo ks on oponomas ics in he b oad sense. I s ands alongside he wo k on Ge man place names published wo yea s ea lie , which was o ganized by Man ed Niemeye (2012), bu is signi ican ly di e en in concep ion and o igin om ha one: The Ge man Place Name Book [DONB] was able o build on a numbe o p edecesso s and is a join wo k o almos 90 au ho s. The ollowing a e deal wi h: HARALD BICHLMEIER 270 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) Names o owns om a size o abou 8,000 inhabi an s. Since he DONB has been a ended by nume ous his o ians in addi ion o enowned namesake schola s and (p ima ily Ge manic) linguis s, i is a e. The DGNB owes i s o igin o he Fleiß .a. o die sp achwissenscha liche E klä ung in e lichen A ikeln, zumal wenn sie o deu sche Namen(bes and eile) behandeln, o übe hol . Zudem wa en das Zielpublikum des DONB ehe sp achwissenscha liche Laien als Namen o - an au ho . Abou 3,000 wa e names in he Ge man-speaking wo ld a e ea ed he e. This makes he wo k as a whole and especially in e ms o he le el o linguis ics much mo e homogeneous han he DONB. In his con ex , i should also be no ed ha he DGNB is he i s o p esen a la ge onomas ic wo k on oday's oponyms in he b oade sense, in which an a emp was made o inco po a e he knowledge o mode n Indoge manis ics in o he p esen a ion. This canno be emphasized enough in iew o he ha dening o he o e whelming majo i y o he ep esen a i es o ha gene a ion o esea che s on he s a us o Indoge manis ics à la Hans K ahe and Julius Poko ny (and hus ul ima ely on he s a us o he p e-wa pe iod). The DGNB is di ided in o h ee pa s: an in oduc ion o he o ma ion and esea ch o wa e names (page 1 […] 5) and gene al explana ions o he o igin o he book, he s uc u e o he a icles, explana ions o echnical e ms, e c. (page 7 […] 17). The main pa is he ac ual […]Namenbuch[…] (S. 21[…]619), and he wo k is concluded wi h he li e a u e di ec o y (S. 621[…]634). The la e is somewha awkwa d o use, as he i les o an au ho a e booked ch onologically, bu a e quo ed in he "name book" acco ding o keywo ds p in ed in i alics in he li e a u e di ec o y in he espec i e i le. The indi idual en ies in he "name book" o e in he i s pa he name o he body o wa e in he s anda d language o m, in he case o names no composed wi h clea ly de ined basic wo ds wi h ega d o he genus he speci ic a icle and hus a genus name, in o ma ion on he loca ion and leng h o he i e as well as […] bu no consis en ly […] in o ma ion on he (mundane) p onuncia ion. This is ollowed by some impo an his o ical o ms o he name, usually he i s documen . A e ha , he e ymological and linguis ic explana ions a e o e ed and inally he mos impo an li e a u e is quo ed. Wa e names o he same p onuncia ion a e summa ized in one a icle, bu o cou se can ha e qui e di e en e ymologies, which a e hen shown sepa a ely o each sub-a icle. I he e ymology is consis en , i is gi en only once a he end o he a icle o all names oge he . G eule Alb ech . Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie de Gewässe namen und de Zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen Un e Mi a bei on Sabine Hackl-Rößle . Re iews by 271 In p inciple, he a icles o e eliable in o ma ion, bu he e a e also inconsis encies ha a e some imes o e looked. In any case, hey can also be explained by he p ocess o c ea ion o he wo k: A. G eule basically adhe es o he LIV2 in his oo app oaches, bu he e a e also he ou da ed w i ings o J. Poko ny: *h2em(H)-e- pou ing, wa e ing (S. 125 s. . Emme) nex o he […]ig. *amə- (> gm. *ama-) […] o p oceed igo ously, o ackle […] (e.g. S. 126 s. . Ems; so abou IEW 36), which is ce ainly u idg. *h2emh3- (LIV2 265 .) means how abou hen 127 s. . Emsbach becomes clea whe e i says: […]u ig. I'm going o ouch i , I'm going o ouch i . A. G eule he e o e d aws an in e media e Indo-Ge manic be ween he U indoge manic and he indi idual languages, which la gely co esponds o he sound le el econs uc ed in he IEW. I emains unclea whe he A. G eule is e e ing o an ac ual in e media e s age o is simply e e ing o eade s who a e o e whelmed by he app oach o he la ynx. Wi h he la e oo , which is unexpanded in Ge man only in isol. I'm no going o bo he you. I'm no going o bo he you. (IEW 778; de V ies 1962: 8; no in EDPG) seems o be subs an ia ed, bu i seems o be ques ionable, in any case, on he basis o he seman ics, whe he i should ac ually be assumed in his and se e al o he cases. This is all he mo e so as wei e en Gewässe namen, ü die sie als G undlage o geschlagen wi d/wu de, o liegen kann, ode nich besse (imme ?) on u idg. *h2em(H)- ‘gießen, be- a lexeme is eme ging. I'm su e i 's mo e likely o be o.g. I'm so y abou ha . *h2em(H)-e- pou ing, wa e ing is hea d. Howe e , i can also be based on he wo king me hod p esc ibed by he publishe (pe sonal communica ion A. G eules), a e Diese Uneinhei lichkei en mag man einem ehlenden wei e en Ko ek u - which inished name a icles a e no longe supplemen ed o ew i en. should be. This equi emen has also led o younge , i.e. u he back in he cu en si ua ion han hose u he o wa d. In iew o he six-yea pe iod o c ea ion (collec ion o he ma e ial and d a ing o he a icle), much could no longe be inco po a ed. Alphabe s ehende A ikel o auch wissenscha lich und bibliog aphisch au This is eg e able, since i is p ecisely in ecen yea s ha some wo ks ha e appea ed which ha e led o a kind o pa adigm shi in he s udy o he oldes laye s o wa e names, which can also be unde s ood in A. G eule's o he wo ks and o which he himsel poin s (G eule 2011: 125): he applica ion o he me hods and ep esen a ions in mode n Indoge manism. The publishe 's speci ica ions aise ano he p oblem, which is o cou se also known om he wo la es edi ions o he […]Kluge/Seebold[…] (EWdS24, EWdS25) which se e as a model o he DGNB: in he e ymological pa , usually only an explana ion o he name is o e ed, a ep esen a ion o e en HARALD BICHLMEIER 272 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) Discussion o compe ing p oposals is a e. So i is a om always clea in he espec i e explana ion whe he i is a long-es ablished e ymology, which has pe haps only been mode nized in e ms o no a ion, o a (new) p oposal by A. G eule (which may well ha e come om him himsel and may ha e been published ea lie ). Since he li e a u e in each a icle is e y limi ed, no conclusion can be d awn abou his ei he , unless you ha e he ci ed li e a u e a hand and can look i up. An example o his is he en y Ems-Bach1 (S. 127): 795 Hemisa, 805 (copy 12 h cen u y) Emisa, Heimese, 1420 Emse. The name is e u ned o he p e ious one. *Amisa, a Ge manic explana ion o he oo […] o ouch, o ackle[…] is conside ed as shown abo e a Ems, o a Cel ic e ymology o he oo […] o pou , o wa e […] which is also used o he Swiss place names Obe ems, Niede ems (Wallis) 1101[…]1300 Emesa, 1270 Hemesa, which a e aced back o a Cel ic wa e name *Amisāzu (c . LSG 660, 899). Fo he same Bach (bu lis ed he e as […]Emsbach[…], G eule 1998: 11 = 2007: 48 s ill adds: […]idg. *Amesâ, s-de i ed om idg. The i e bed, he di ch. I is an ancien Eu opean name because o he pa allel names. […]1 The lack o p esen a ion o compe ing p oposals and he ex emely limi ed li e a u e may be la gely unimpo an o a layman, bu o hose who use he DGNB scien i ically, his o cou se makes he wo k mo e di icul : i will no be le ou ha indi idual esea che s will make "new" hough s abou wa e names ha o he s ha e long had. Fu he mo e, in many cases one can ha e di e en opinions on e ymologies o on he linguis ic classi ica ion o E yma, especially as ega ds he classi ica ion as Cel ic s. Old Eu opean o Indo-Eu opean. Fo example, he names Isa ( igh o he Danube) < Isa a (244 ), Isel (le o he D au) < 1312 Isel < * Isala (246), Isen (le o he Inn) < Isana (246) a e adi ionally e e ed o as […] es.-ig.[…], a Cel ic explana ion emains a possibili y […] and has long been accep ed in Cel ic wo ks as sel -e iden . […] Un il now, i is unce ain whe he an in e consonan la y in he inne wo d, i.e. […]h in he la e syllable, was ac ually adop ed in he Eu opean laye o ocabula y as […]a okal, […] 1 V. o one o a se ies o ocabula y names ha a e supposed o con ain he wo d […], […] Bie meßl. 2 See o example Poko ny 1914: 293; DLG2 191; Delama e 2012: 165. G eule Alb ech . Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie de Gewässe namen und de Zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen Un e Mi a bei on Sabine Hackl-Rößle . While his is gua an eed o he Cel ic, i is also he case o he Cel ic. Adjec i e in Cel ic also a es ed appella i ely: The wo d o he squi el in Old Cel ic, ía u, is a u he o ma ion o he o-be-se ancien Cel ic adjec i e wi h he indi idualizing on-su ix and on o u i . *isa ōn- ‘ he swi o he adjec i e u kel . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . *h1ish2 o be e u ned.4 Consequen ly, *Isa-l/ /nā- < u idg. can be used. *h1ish2-l/ /néh2 in any case o be Cel ic, whe he i can also be p e-Cel ic, mus be conside ed unce ain as long as no examples o wa e names can be p esen ed ha he ocaliza ion u idg. *KHK- > *KaKzeigen and no based on pos -Cel ic se lemen s. Language a ea lie. Anyway, i is p ecisely wi h such names ha he assignmen o a language laye is made mo e di icul by he ac ha one always has o calcula e wi h a su ix a ian *-e ó, ega dless o whe he one uses his now wi h Ha đa son 2011 as Vddhie ung o u idg. - Explained o o he wise. Jus in he p esen case, due o u idg. *-h2-e- > *-aim Inlau a clea assignmen o he names o one o he wo language laye s is de ini i ely impossible.5 A la ge numbe o such cases can be ound. In he case o such an ex ensi e wo k, i canno be a oided ha e o s may also c eep in, no only based on he di e ing opinion o a esea che on indi idual sound changes, e c. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o he ac ha he Commission has no ye aken a decision on his ma e . This is he case wi h he name o he Luhe (le o Naab; DGNB 328). He e, A. G eule elies on he e idence. Loua (a. 905 [copy o he 12 h cen u y]) and he mode n dialec o m [lọu] Cel ic. I'm so y, bu I don' know wha you' e alking abou . *plōā- (wi h ypical Cel ic p-sh inkage) as a en-s ep o ma ion o he oo u idg. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . This de i a ion is impossible because he ancien Cel ic had no *ō, u idg. *ō had de eloped in o *ā in he in oduc ion, in o *ū in he ending.6 As an al e na i e solu ion, i is p oposed o use he Uppe Pala ina e wa e name as a Ge manic o ma ion ei he a he oo u idg. *le- […]smudge[…] (LIV2 414) o unde s and: he basis is hen u idg. *ló-o- he di y, di y o *lo-ó- he di y, di y, a Ge manic unp oblema ic Vddhi de i a i e o u idg. *lō-ozu o one o hese wo o ma ions had ei he he meaning […]wi h di , cha ac e ized by di […] → […]di y[…] o […] o he di ie 3 c . McCone 1996: 51 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i . ; sligh ly di e en EDPC 6: only in he i s syllable? ; Zai e 2012: 193[…]201, also known as *isa ā197. See also pa ag aph 4. Ziegle in he yea 2001. 5 See also Bichlmeie 2011, 2015a wi h u he li e a u e. See also 6. McCone 1996: 54[…]65; EDPC 8, 9. This is a lis o people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine. HARALD BICHLMEIER 274 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII gehö ig’, wobei die e s e wah scheinliche is ; ode , un e dem Vo behal , dass eine seman ische Ve schiebung angenommen we den müss e, anzunehmen, dass auch eine Vddhi-Ablei ung u idg. *lōh3o/eh2- > u ge m *lōa/ō- zu o-s age o ma ion *lóh3-o- ‘ he washing o *loh3-ó- ‘washing, washing ( om he oo u idg. leh3- ‘washing [LIV2 418]) could exis .7 Howe e , he las -men ioned examples should no be unde s ood as a undamen al c i icism o he DGNB. Ra he , hey show how much esea ch is s ill needed in he a ea o he oldes s a a o wa e names in Cen al Eu ope. To igno e his esea ch and pa ly he need o ollow-up is o close one's eyes o eali y. The wo ks o H. K ahe, W. P. Schmid and J. Udolph on his complex o subjec s, which a e la gely ou da ed in hei me hodology (and hus in hei esul s) oday, necessa ily (as he e iewe has epea edly eminded) equi e a e ision o he cu en s a e o Indoge manis ics. A. G eule has aken a big s ep in he igh di ec ion wi h he DGNB. His book will be a s anding wo k o yea s o come and can se e as a aluable basis o u he esea ch. Wha is needed now is a ho ough and comple e examina ion, a leas o he oldes s a a o wa e names in Cen al Eu ope, by Indo-Ge manis s, including a discussion o he olde p oposals in a mul i- olume wo k. The DGNB is no he wo s basis o his. LITERATUR Bichlmeie Ha ald 2011: Baye isch-ös e eichische O s- und Gewässe namen aus indoge manis ische Sich : Teil 2: Isa und e ymologisch Ve wand es sowie Addenda zu dem Bei ag in den BONF 46 (2009), 3-63. – Blä e ü obe deu sche Namen o - schung 47, 2010[2011], 21–31. Bichlmeie Ha ald 2015: Einige indoge manis ische Anme kungen zum Namen de Luhe (Obp .) (Baye isch-ös e eichische O s- und Gewässe namen aus indoge - manis ische Sich 7). – Blä e ü obe deu sche Namen o schung 52, 2015. [im D uck] Bichlmeie Ha ald 2015a: Isa , Isel, Isen, Ise , Isny – Re lexe eine kel ischen Gewässe namensippe in Baye n und Ös e eich mi einem Anhang zu Isu a (Baye- isch-ös e eichische O s- und Gewässe namen aus indoge manis ische Sich 8). – Ös e eichische Namen o schung 42, 2014[2015]. [im D uck] 7 Vgl. zum ganzen Komplex aus üh lich Bichlmeie 2015. G eule Alb ech . Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie de Gewässe namen und de Zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen Un e Mi a bei on Sabine Hackl-Rößle . Recenzijos / Re iews 275 Bichlmeie Ha ald 2015b: Amme bach und e ymologisch Ve wand es. – Ös e ei- chische Namen o schung 42, 2014[2015]). [im D uck] Delama e Xa ie 2012: Noms de lieux cel iques de l’Eu ope ancienne (-500/ +500). Dic ionnai e. (Collec ion Les Hespé ides) A les: Édi ions E ance. de V ies Jan 1962: Al no disches e ymologisches Wö e buch. 2. e g. Au l. Leiden: B ill. DLG²: Delama e Xa ie : Dic ionnai e de la langue gauloise. Une app oche linguis ique du ieux-cel ique con inen al. P é ace: Pie e-Y es Lambe . 2e édi ion e ue e augmen ée. Pa is: Édi ions E ance 2003. EDPC: Ma aso ić Ranko: E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Cel ic. (Leiden Indo-Eu o- pean E ymological Dic iona y Se ies 9) Leiden – Bos on: B ill 2009. EDPG: K oonen Guus: E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Ge manic. (Leiden Indo-Eu o- pean E ymological Dic iona y Se ies 11) Leiden – Bos on: B ill 2013. EWdS24: Kluge F ied ich / Seebold Elma : E ymologisches Wö e buch de deu schen Sp ache. 24., du chges. u. e w. Au l. Be lin – New Yo k: de G uy e 2002. EWdS25: Kluge F ied ich / Seebold Elma : E ymologisches Wö e buch de deu schen Sp ache. 25. Au l. Be lin – Bos on: de G uy e 2011. G eule Alb ech 1998: Gewässe namenschich en im Flußgebie de Lahn. – Nail Robe (Hg.): Die Wel de Namen. Sechs namenkundliche Bei äge. (Sch i en de Uni e - si ä sbiblio hek Ma bu g 87) Ma bu g: Uni e si ä sbiblio hek Ma bu g, 1–17. G eule Alb ech 2007: E ymologische S udien zu geog aphischen Namen in Eu opa. Ausgewähl e Bei äge 1998-2006 he ausgegeben on Wol gang Janka und Michael P inz. (Regensbu ge S udien zu Namen o schung 2) Regensbu g: edi ion ulpes. G eule Alb ech 2011: A bei s- und Da s ellungs echniken des Deu schen Gewäs- se namenbuchs. In: Ziegle , A ne / Windbe ge -Heidenkumme , E ika (Hgg.): Me ho- den de Namen o schung. Me hodologie, Me hodik und P axis. Be lin: Akademie-Ve lag, 117–126. Ha đa son Jón Axel. 2011: Um o điđ já n í o nno ænu og o sög þess. – O đ og unga 13, 93–121. IEW: Poko ny Julius: Indoge manisches e ymologisches Wö e buch. I. Band. München – Basel: A. F ancke 1959. LIV²: Rix Helmu e al.: Lexikon de indoge manischen Ve ben. Die Wu zeln und ih e P i- mä s ammbildungen. Zwei e, e b. u. e w. Au l. Wiesbaden: Reiche 2001. HARALD BICHLMEIER 276 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII LSG: Lexikon de schweize ischen Gemeindenamen. Dic ionnai e oponymique des commu- nes suisses. Diziona io oponomas ico dei communi s izze i, h sgg. om Cen e de Dialec- ologie an de Uni e si ä Neuchâ el un e de Lei ung on And es K is ol. F auen- eld – S u ga – Wien: Hube , Lausanne: Edi ions Payo 2005. McCone Kim 1996: Towa ds a Rela i e Ch onology o Ancien and Medie al Sound Ch- ange. (Maynoo h S udies in Cel ic Linguis ics 1) Maynoo h: Depa men o Old and Middle I ish, S . Pa ick’s College. Niemeye Man ed (Hg.) 2012: Deu sches O snamenbuch. Be lin – Bos on: de G uy e . Poko ny Julius 1914: He kun und E ymologie des Wo es Eisen. – Kuhns Zei - sch i 46, 292–294. Zai Nicholas 2012: The Re lexes o he P o o-Indo-Eu opean La yngeals in Cel ic. (B ill’s S udies in Indo-Eu opean Languages and Linguis ics 7). Leiden – Bos on: B ill. Ziegle Sabine 2001: Al i isch ía u, das „ linke“ Eichhö nchen. – F i z, Ma hias / Zeil elde , Susanne (Hgg.): No alis Indoge manica. Fes sch i ü Gün e Neumann zum 80. Gebu s ag. G az: Leykam, 587–590. I was published in June 2015. HARALD BICHLMEIER F ied ich-Alexande -Uni e si ä E langen-Nü nbe g Ins i u e o Compa a i e Indo-Ge manic Linguis ics This is Kochs . 4/16, D-91054 E langen ha ald.bichlme[email p o ec ed] This is a lis o ci ies and owns in Ge many. Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g The O ien al Ins i u e Semina o Indo-Ge man s udies and gene al linguis ics Ludwig-Wuche e -S . 2, D-06108 Halle (Saale) ha ald.bichlmeie @indoge m.uni-halle.de The e ymological dic iona y o Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en Old High Ge man is published by he Jena o ice I is loca ed a Zwä zengasse 12, D-07743 Jena ha ald.bichlmeie @uni-jena.de