S aipsniai / A icles 155
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas: analysis o w i en sou ces, lexicog aphy and
lexicology o w i en sou ces, sociolinguis ics.
The ime o Ma y's a i al
LANGUAGES o he Ca holic Sc ip u es
In luence o Dialec on he Language
o Ma ius Ka iliškis Wo ks
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle eminds he scien i ic communi y o he linguis ic iews o he w i e Ma ius
Ka iliški. Wi h ega d o he lexicon o Ka iliškis' w i ings and he models o spoken
language, i is hypo hesized ha his ex s we e ansmi ed in he spoken language o he
wes e n highland s eppe, he locali y, he linguis ic sys em, he dialec . The use o he
e minology and he s anda dized lexicon o G eek in Ka iliškio's w i ings e lec s he
pe iod o consolida ion o he common (s anda d) language. ESMINIAI WORDS: he
p onuncia ion o high-pi ched whis les in he e ening, he p onuncia ion o he lexicon, he new wo d, he common language, he p onuncia ion o he spoken language.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
Linguis ic iews o he w i e Ma ius Ka iliškis a e e isi ed in he a icle o he a en ion o
he scien i ic communi y. Du ing he cou se o he analysis o he lexis o Ka iliškis wo ks and
dialec speech pa e ns, a hypo hesis is o mula ed ha Ka iliškis ex s a e w i en in
Wes e n Aukš ai ian o Šiauliai local language sys em, i.e., dialec . The use o dialec lexis
oge he wi h he s anda dized one in Ka iliškis wo ks e lec s he pe iod o es ablishmen o
he s anda dized language.
KEYWORDS: Šiauliai sub-dialec o he Wes e n Aukš ai ian, dialec lexis,
neologism, s anda dized language, exp ession o dialec speech.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
Ma ius Ka iliškis ( eal pe sonal name […] Albinas Vai kus, bo n on 13 Sep embe 1914
in G uzi, Šiaulių . […] died on 12 Decembe 1980, bu ied in Lemon e, a subu b o
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
156 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
Chicago) was a pe sonali y and a w i e in No he n Li huania, in he Zaga a
dis ic . A he age o nine, Albina's pa en s b ough he o he illage o Ka iliški,
as he w i e himsel says, "in he ields" (ER 381). Su ounded by wo linguis ic
sys ems: his mo he 's Onos Filipa ičiū ė, descended om Rokiškio (eas e n
highlande s), and his a he 's Juozo Vai kaus and local inhabi an s, who spoke he
aukš aičių šiauliškių pa a mės Žaga ės šnek a1. Tu bū dėl įsiklausymo į ap-
s o ies o he people on he wes e n lines, in he e y ac o w i ing and speaking
he language, Ka iliškis called himsel no a w i e , bu a "pasako iumi". Li e a y
schola s in e p e ed him di e en ly: "Ka iliškis is a p o essional a is o he uppe class" (Kubilius 1995:
458).
Ka iliški's w i ings a e a e lec ion o he spoken language (discou se) du ing he
pe iod o he in asion o he common language, he es ablishmen o he language
in socie y2. This linguis ic si ua ion also de e mined he pu pose o he a icle […]
o discuss he cha ac e is ics and examples o he ocabula y (phone ic,
mo phological, wo d making) o he Ka ilician sc ip compa ed o he ma e ial o
he la e 19 h and ea ly 21s cen u ies. The 20 h cen u y and 21s cen u y
ocabula y is e lec ed in he manusc ip Joniškio šnek ų žodyne (JšŽ), and he
19 h cen u y and 20 h cen u y ocabula y in he publica ion Ma o Slančiausko and
his assis an s ell he s o y o he people's ocabula y. The wo d (abb e ia ed
SŽ). To achie e his, se e al objec i es a e en isaged: a) ecall o he w i e 's own
linguis ic p o isions, b) analysis o he w i en spoken lexicon, c) sea ch o exp essi e models o spoken language.
The a icle is based on he handw i en ma e ial o he dic iona y (K Ž) w i en
by Ma iaus Ka iliškio, compiled by he au ho o he a icle. The dic iona y is
compiled om he no els: Miškais a eina uduo (1969), Užuo ėja (1990), Izėjusiem
neg įž i (1990) and he collec ion o sho s o ies Seno ka ei io sug įžimas (2003)3.
he me hods o desc ip ion, analysis and compa ison used o e eal he ma e ial
unde in es iga ion; The e a e linguis ic hypo heses.
1 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he in luence o Ka iliškios mo he s speech, see. Tumėnas 2003: 510, and
o mo e in o ma ion abou Žaga ės šnek ą and he nea by Skais gi io šnek ą, see. This Decision
2 S aipsnio au o ė mano, kad bk mokymas sus ip ėjo daugėjan mokyklų isoje Lie u os e i-
o ijoje apie 1932–1936 m., o a minė kalba bk pi menybę užleido XX a. penk ame–šeš ame
shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. In he '10s. The au ho 's opinion consis s o summe expedi ions, in which he has
pa icipa ed since 1977, and one o he opics o he alk is ques ions abou schools, eache s and he lea ning p ocess.
The no el was i s published in Russian in 1991 and he au ho does no decide on he in luence o
he Ka iliński w i ings on he language and he p inciples o edi ing, because he belie es ha his opic is wo h a sepa a e a icle.
A icles o he 157 h a icle
Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai
As old by Ma ia Ka liškė
The iew
In his au obiog aphy, Ka iliškis has exp essed his iews on he language. He w o e:
How did he wo d sod uma come abou ? I don' know, man. I 's p obably my na u e.
Since I am cu sed no o speak in o eign languages, I mus no o ge my own. The e
we also ind ano he sen ence: "I know e y a e wo ds, which pe haps only clichés
d . Pe as Jonikas i da kele as žino“ (ER 380). Ka iliškis, dėl is o inių ka a-
ha e go en in o ano he cul u al and linguis ic en i onmen , seeing he
epa ia es' adap a ion o he en i onmen o he displaced, has epea edly
complained ha pe haps he eade s do no unde s and he wo ds used in his
no els, o his eason I ha e o pos pone so many a e, wonde ul wo ds ha he
eade will unde s and. O he edi o s and publishe s we e discou aged, ea ing
ha hey would lose hei eade s. Whe he Ka iliškis would ha e paid a en ion o
such a desi e o p o ec he eading public om i s own and i s own linguis ic
exp ession, i no emig a ion, emains only a he o ical ques ion.
Jū a ė Sp indy ė has no iced one peculia i y o Ka iliškio […] […] isu ca ied a
block o w i ing, and a pencil always came ou o he pocke pocke s. […]4 The
same is said abou he speake s. Thus, Ka iliškis w o e down a ious ansla ion
wo ds, ph ases, and his is unde s andable, because he w i e 's li ing
en i onmen and Juozas Balčikonio's cons an appeal o he na ion o buy
ma e ial o he la ges Li huanian language dic iona y, I hink, encou aged Ka iliškis o look o he li e o he language.
LEGAL TEXT This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
MARIAUS KATILIŠKIO WRITES WORDS Usually, in beau i ul wo ks, he spoken wo ds
a e used o desc ibe he cha ac e is ics o he cha ac e s and o highligh he
local colo . Bu ha 's no a e y accu a e lexical uni . Those who ha e ead
Ka iliški's wo k ha e undoub edly no iced many wo ds ha di e om he
common language. The use o he e minology in Ka iliški's w i ings is qui e
di e en om wha is common in con empo a y li e a u e. In he wo ds o
Ka iliškis, he e is some phone ic a ia ion om one wo d o ano he , bu mos
o en he g amma ical ea u es a e e ealed h ough he mo phological o ms o
he wo d, and inally he wo d i sel can be used only in he local en i onmen .
Among he phone ic ea u es o Ka iliški's w i ings is he inse ion o he wo d
balsio a in he s one, also ound in JšŽ, e.g. kazalėkas ‘kazlėkas, plg. 4 See mo e a
www.šal iniai.in o/indexde ails64.124.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI o he yea 1585. Ka iliškio is consis en ly
used as a ansli e a ed o m o he wo d šilima ‘šilui om JšŽ, plg. Shilima is
ma’ su umpuoju balsiu i, ie oj bk balsio u. Jį a o ą liudija pa yzdžiai iš SŽ
like a g in, […] a e age. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This is no he case.
I 's called a G.C. (See also Appendix 1).
The e m is mos clea ly e lec ed in he mo phological and syn ac ic o ms o he
wo d. In he a ea o Šiauliškių pa a mės, o ms o he su name a e used wi h
di e en kamiengalia6. Examples o his include K Ž, e.g. keliu a and keliu ė […]sho ,
li le a eled oad[…], kišenė and kišenius […]sewing o kni ing place o hands o
ouch[…], palazdė and palazdys […]whi e plukė[…], šelma and šelmis, -ė […]išdykėlis,
neklaužada, padauža[…], še kšna and še kšnas […], s eam c ys als on ees, ša ma[…].
The names o he di e en s ones a e used in he ex s w i en mo e han one
hund ed and six y yea s ago by Ma o Slančiausko and his assis an s in he na a i e
o he people, plg. S: he bee and he bee is he bea e o he ui , he spi i and he
spi i a e he b ea hing, he b ea hing, he inhabi an and he inhabi an s a e he
li ing. This linguis ic phenomenon is also obse ed in he headings o JšŽ, e.g. ak ojis
‘wo ke , a ójis ‘wo ke , bi s ‘bi ė, aly à and alỹ as ‘aliejus, ámžis and ámžis
‘me ai, á klas and á klė ‘padda k o he ea h (see Appendix 2). In he w i ings o
Ka iliškis, he e a e p eposi ions -ui is o name he young o he Vedic animals, e.g.
šunui is […]šunų jauniklis[…], ž i blui is […]ž i blio jauniklis, ž i bliukas[…]. No only SŽ,
bu also JšŽ, plg. lapui is ‘lapiuk, lapės jauniklis, a nui is ‘ a nų jauniklis, pémpui is
‘pempės jauniklis, pempiukas a e ull o hese p ecep s. The adjec i es "ma ied
man" a e a ely ound in Ka iliški's w i ings, e.g. bu ininkas […]ka iuomenės bu ų
ūpin ojas[…]7. The e a e SŽ and JšŽ, plg.: o es ange […] o es gua d, eigulys[…],
shopkeepe […] puodžius[…], minčãčininkas, -ė […] Minčaičių[…]. In he w i ings o
Ka iliškis, he e is a p ecep -inė edinys a inė ‘ o keep wagons, ho ns and o he
hings. Bu , as can be judged om he examples, he azaunė […]pa alpa o ca s,
ho ns, a m poles, packages, e c. is conside ed o be used mo e o en han he
a ina[…] Ka iliškio.
I e lec s he di e en o ms o he spoken wo d, indica ing ha he w i e was
so amilia wi h he sys em o he syllable ha e en he could a y he o ms o he
wo d in his wo ks in such a way ha he image he c ea ed would be dull, ich and i id.
5
Due o he limi ed scope o he a icle, illus a i e examples om all h ee sou ces a e p o ided in
Appendices 14: om he publica ion Ma o Slančiausko and his assis an s' collec ion o na a i e
olklo e lexicon. The wo d, he handw i en Ka iliškio le e s wo d and he handw i en Joniškio
šnek ų wo d. The ound examples a e lis ed in ables acco ding o he phone ic, mo phological and
wo d-making ea u es discussed in he a icle.
See sec ion 6 o de ails. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
7 Plg: Jshp 72[…]86, 97[…]105 ansc ibed ex s.
A icles by A icles 159
Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai
The sea ch o he wo d e idence o ms he smell and he smell o […]k apas[…],
hanging, -i and hanging, -i […]pa ogus[…], comp. I 's called "consump ion". The
possibili y o inse ing p eposi ions (usually n, s, ) in o he oo o p e ix o a
wo d is also ouched upon by SŽ and JšŽ, e.g. lepniai ‘g ea , boas ul, p onoun and
p onoun ‘li le, sk ai as and sk ais as ‘s e blė, apýnas and apýs is ‘spindle he
oa s o he a kli, ã š a ‘who ejec s he oa s (see Appendix 3). In he w i ings o
he Ka ilians, he e a e p edominan ly dualis ic ones, composed wi hou he
jungian balsio, plg. o inklis […] o a inklis[…], landlūžis, -ė […]žemaūgis[…]. The
adi ion o making such u nips is also con i med by he sub i les gi en in he SŽ,
e.g. juodgal is […]š end as[…], me gmo e ė […] u in i aiką me gina[…], o inklis
[…] o a inklis[…]. In he manusc ip , JšŽ's dishes wi hou a connec ing balcony also
p e ail, e.g. ž ý kelis […]ž y uo as kelias[…], g e g ūšnė […]anks y oji k iaušė[…],
aũk a škė […] a škė mixed wi h a […]. Ka iliškio is also used wi h conjuga ed
owels -a-, -i-, especially when he opposi e owels a e di icul o p onounce, e.g.
ugiagėlė ‘žiemkenčių ja ų pik žolė wi h blue lowe s, bajo ių gen ies plan ,
ugiažolė ‘ ugiagėlė, o a inklis ‘1. spide webs; ‘2. he ollowing pa ag aph is
added: he si ua ion, he si ua ion, he ege able ga den, he ege able ga den.
The e a e also such du ians, bu hey a e mos o en combined wi h he owel -aa
-(i)a-, plg. laukagalė […]galulaukė, ield end[…], kiau anosė […] in e e ence o
sepa a ing poo g ains wi h lea es[…]. Examples show ha such
ha de - o-p onounce owels wi h conjuga e owels -a-, -i-, -y and -j occu , e.g.
a klãmyšlis […]ho se mea […], an aka[…] is […] he second ime is di icul […],
a ganis […]a ius piemuo[…], da býme is […] he ime o he ha es […]. In Ka iliški's
w i ings, he a ian o he same du s some imes is used wi h he sho
conjunc i e owel -i-, cha ac e is ic o he common language, and he e bal
a ian wi h he long owel -y-, e.g. wi h slang and syllables […]šalia, a i[…],
high-pi ched and high-pi ched, […]a […]aukš ielninkas, […]a[…], plg. You' e wea ing high
heels. Simila du s, which a e domina ed by he une en-leng h conjuga e oice -i -yap inkama and SŽ, plg. šalikelė and šalykelė ‘pakelės uožas (see Appendix 4).
In he no els and sho s o y collec ions i is seen ha in one case he w i e uses
he o ms o he lexicon o e minology, and in he o he […] he e a e no ma i e
sexes, e.g. iensėdis […] ienkiemis[…], sodnas […]sodas[…], sodnelis Ka iliškio in he
w i ings a e much mo e o en used han singula […]sodyba[…] o sodas […]zemė […] a
plo o land whe e g ape ees and ines g ow. Ins ead o he wo d " illage" in
Joniškio šnek os, he wo d […]1 was used mo e o en. illage, 2. These wo ds a e also
consis en ly ound in Ka iliški's w i ings. Ka iliškis does no shy away om using
new wo ds o c ea i e p ocesses (p ocessing wo ds). Jolan a Vaskelienė has
w i en abou such un eco ded a i ac s and a i ac s. Kalbinka esea ched he
collec ion o no els The Re u n o he Old Soldie and ound 26 un eco ded pieces.
Acco ding o Vaskelienė, […]da inia ollows he ules o wo d o ma ion, bu he e
a e a e uses and ha dly e e

JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
160 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
aps ak y iosios leksikos dalimi“ (Vaskelienė 2007: 511). Tokios leksikos, u in-
I depic s he sound sem, o en in o he Ka iliški's no els, e.g. he og
[…]šonkaulis[…], he og […]kieno ūsai iesus, simila o ogs[…], he g een
[…]žalia imas, žaluma[…], he win e […] ik zimmu iz ažinėjamas kelias[…]. The e a e
wo ds ha a e exac ly he same as hose in he dic iona y o he Slančiausko and
his assis an s' na a i e olklo e collec ion, e.g. banka […]bankas[…] (Ausų nesima o
[…] p asmegęs bankose. Už Plg. SŽ 58.81); canduolas […] b anduolys (The g ain is e y
la ge like a walnu canduolas. Fo 124. Plg. SŽ 270); he pig […]pa šas, mei elis[…]
(Whe e e he pig can be ound, bu whe e e possible, whe e e he abbi bi es.
Fo 220. Plg. SŽ 294); When no one's wai ing, I'm like a c ipple a he landlady's. he
eceip is comple ed (Nesup an u and eceip om N 530 Plg. SŽ 327); The se an 's
chambe , he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe ,
he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe . The p ies , -ė […]š en iniai, o he
eas day (clo hes) […] (The d esses can ie he p ies s oge he . MAR 104. Plg. SŽ
578); The man who is heal hy, s ong, and s ead as . The man who is heal hy, s ong,
and s ead as . The man who is s ong, and s ead as . The only explana ion o he
lack o ocabula y o mo e han one hund ed and six y yea s can be a ibu ed o
he ac ha he ep esen a i es o he communi y did no change hei place o
esidence, li ed pe manen ly on he es a es o hei pa en s and ances o s and
had de eloped high alues o he na u al language […] language […] c i e ia8. So
Ka iliškis had indeed lis ened ca e ully o he local alk and had old his own s o ies.
LESSONS om he Ca holic Sc ip u es
Valued
Ka iliškis is p esen ed in encyclopedic publica ions as a w i e o he exile. The s a emen is
c i icized in e ms o linguis ic sel -unde s anding. Fo he eade s o he magazine, almos 20
yea s la e , and as a eenage , Ka iliškis has made i di icul o ead he dic iona y. Veličkai ė
y i. Tai odo i Čikagos pedagoginio li uanis ikos ins i u o absol en ės As os
Veličkai ės diplominis (daba bū ų – bakalau o) da bas Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš-
w o e he wo ds o he Ka iliškio w i ings (abou h ee hund ed o hem), see 8 in mo e de ail.
The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he
meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 9 Thank you, doc o . To S asi Tumėnai, who b ough
his wo k o Li huania and dona ed i o he au ho o he a icle.
A icles o he T ea y
Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai
which do no appea in he cu en Li huanian dic iona y o 195410. The diploma ic
wo k con ains a numbe o ansla ional wo ds ha , o cou se, we e no in he
a o emen ioned dic iona y, he only one a ailable o Li huanians. By he way, one
eason why i is di icul o ead Ka iliškį is men ioned by he w i e himsel .
This is a g ea desi e o Li huanians o combine language wi h English (ER 380). The
image and eac ion aised by he ocabula y o Ka iliškio's w i ings in Li huania is
e y i idly e lec ed in Vy au as Almani's memo ies. A he end o 1969,
e u ning om exile in he Joniškio books o e, Almanis bough he Ka iliškio
no el in ed. The whole amily eads he deco a ed Ch is mas no el wi hou
wi hd awing. As Vy au as Almanis says, […]M. The sen ence is like a key o unlock
an ancien ches , inside which you know o su e ha you will ind some hing
ex ao dina y, unseen and sec e . In his memoi s, he exp essed a e y impo an
opinion: "I was ashamed o he language, o I knew he wo ds o my coun y, and
I e en began o w i e he wo ds o he Pala ine Li huanians ([…]ske sla ių[…]),
such as […]šunelis bėgiai (ka u)[…], […]k iečių mil as i kuku ūzai a ie (su
kuku ūzais)[…], […]k au u ė kie ai (uaba )[…], […] (be )[…] I a oided using hem as i I
we e a shy s uden who, s anding in a ci cle o iends, was wai ing o he
a i al o a s ange o be ay his a he . Who pu ha shi in he e? Whe e did
she come om? Ques ions emain o u u e esea ch.
I eminds us o he a en ion ha Ped o Lenza's no el He e I Am a Sa iou
( ansla ed by Ma kus Rodune is and Riman as Kmi a) ecei ed in 2013 in he Czech
language. Acco ding o Riman o Kmi os, "Li huania eels ha he examples o he
mas“, o Š eica ijoje y a susi o ma usi a minės li e a ū os mada11. Taigi g įž a-
ma p ie na ū alios kalbos, kokia i ašė Ka iliškis.
common language p ess and wo di e en assessmen s o he ocabula y o he
Ka iliškis w i ing do no doub he idea ha Ka iliškis w o e he local a ian o
he slang ( a miniu) language. The language does no seek o indi idualize he
cha ac e s, as is usually done in ai y ales. Ka iliški's w i ings e lec he i s
li le s udied pe iod o he common language, when he no ma i e lexicon, he
no ma i e wo ds a e no included in he e minology lexicon. One can only conside :
uo i, gal i mes bū ume u ėję susi o ma usią a minės li e a ū os k yp į i ja
i Ka iliški would no ha e needed a g oup o emig an c ea o s?12.
10 The g ea -g andmo he 's lexicon is d awn om he w i ings o Užuo ėja. Chicago: Te a, 1952; The woods come in ed. This is Chicago:
Te a, 1957; The depa ed a e no coming back. Chicago: Te a, 1958; A holiday ou side he ci y. Chicago: Te a, 1963. This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
11 h p: www.kul u polis.l /dedikuo a-klaipedai/ iman as-kmi a-kalbos- a a a ius This is a lis o ci ies and owns in Li huania, so ed by loca ion.
In he summe o 2016, he no el Pie inia K onika by Riman as Kmi os was published.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
162 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI, con aining he ollowing sec ions:
TERMINAL Speech pa e ns a e also used.
The le e o Ma y Ca he ine
A e discussing he lexicon, i is necessa y o examine he syn ax o he
su ounding wo ds. As a means o ealizing he hough s, he sen ence o
Ma iliškis is an adap a ion o all le els o language so ha he e bal speech
(na a i e) is unde s ood by he eade s (Aliūkai ė 2008). The syn ac ic s uc u e
o he na a i e o he Ka ilician w i ings has no been s udied. Fo he i s
ime, an a emp is made o discuss and dis inguish he models o medial speech
and o depic hem s uc u ally. I is impo an o no e ha he s uc u e o he
sen ence clea ly indica es ha his is he way o w i ing o Ka iliškis, ha is,
wha dis inguishes Ka iliškis om o he w i e s, by which i is possible o
ecognize Ka iliškis as a w i e . Whe he hese models a e also e lec ed in he
ansla ions o Joniškio šnek ų ex s, compa ed wi h he discou se examples
om he publica ion Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai and indi idual illus a i e
sen ences om SŽ. One such model is he e inemen o sen ence hough , he
sequen ial in e p e a ion o he meaning. This way o exp essing hough s,
desc ibed in Li huanian syn ax wo ks, is he mos common discou se. Usually, he pa o he sen ence ha needs o be supplemen ed, explained (o may be supplemen ed, explained) is gi en i s .
Ka iliškis also uses he in e se model, whe e i is i s lis ed and hen summa ized,
e.g. The palaces, he s ai cases, he smelling mo a s - all his happened be ween he
glen, jus as he b anches o he be y ee ha had jus e up ed we e cu o
om he deck and se up a he bo de . 45; Fo he luxu y, he s a us, he good
manne s o he wo ld, he la o o he camp and he nos ils o he camp, he
gene al g ee ed ou lec u e and ansla o . F om N324; by oads, ields and poppy
acks, by ails and gena ways, ains o neighbou hoods. Fo he 78 h. This kind o de ailed na a i e is e y ypical o he discou se: in he publica ion Joniškio
In summe , he wind
b ings he smell o he
žemės d ėgmę,
o es he e. S.K.S. 178. Wha a e you doing?
A icles o he T ea y
Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai
In he speeches and ex s, he na a o explains in de ail wha and how she had o
g aze (see Jšp 72 […] 74).13 Ka iliškis likes o b eak a sen ence down in o meaning ul
segmen s, some imes asking and answe ing, some imes saying singula sen ences, all
o which desc ibe a ce ain human s a e o beha io . A ex ha is o en b oken
down in o sho e segmen s (pa s o a sen ence o sen ences) is pe cei ed as
meaning ul only when a ew o hem a e pu oge he in o a whole, e.g. Don' wis
you w is s. You didn' make i . 153; Fo a man o Sodom has his maul. I 's w ong, i 's
no cu , i 's igh . You' e bad a eaching you mind. 228; The collapse o he Sodden.
We' e go a lo o wo k o do. I'm o hem. 226; And he eyes behind he !.. Rainy and
da k b own. SKS 24; The child is pulled ou o his sigh . Like my mo he . And my a he .
One hund ed and ou . Ka iliški's no els and sho s o y collec ion a e ull o e bal
e alua ions. Acco ding o Aloysius Guda ičius, i is impo an o a speake no only o
exp ess, name eali ies, bu also o e alua e hem emo ionally (Guda ičius 2000: 136;
Handke 1995: 93). Sen ence b eaking also has adjec i e signs, plg. I don' know wha you
mean. And he eceip . F om N 530. I'm going o blow wi h an ash ay, bu I'm going o si
down, ha 's all. The 18 h o Ma ch. The addi ion, usually meaning i( ) e e y hing, is
no iced in he al eady men ioned ex […]Ganymas[…], […]Naginės[…], especially i s many
Slančiausko dic iona y headings in illus a ed dic iona ies (Jšp 75, 102;
SŽ 2014: 44, 51, 67 and k . ).
Ka iliški, a dissemina o o monis ic secula ideas, is pa icula ly cha ac e ized by
jux aposi ion and compa ison wi h ce ain phenomena o na u e14. Compa ison is adi ionally
exp essed in compa a i e wo ds such as, a um, like, e.g. : Puoci puoci basom 13 Due o he
scope o he a icle, he e a e no examples o ansla ion ex s, only he pages o he
ansla ion ex s in he publica ion whe e he sen ences o he ansla ion model desc ibed
p edomina e a e indica ed. 14 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he monis ic wo ld iew in he p ose o Ma ius Ka iliški, see The 2015 epo :
66–79.
Wha abou he ?
I' e had sex wi h a guy like ha .
To he igh , whe e you' e slep wi h you owne .
299 o he MAR.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
170 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXVI
The ollowing is a summa y o he guidelines:
I 's called Al.
B n, please. […] The ba ons.
The DMK. […] Swee po a oes.
The DNR. […] Dauno a a. […] Wha a e you doing?
The Gšč. […] The goa s.
The G č. […] Ga auchi. Wha a e you doing?
Gžč. – Gaižaičiai.
The J.K. […] In a nu shell.
Jnn. Wha is i ? […] Young people.
I 's him. […] This is Jonis.
See also […] Cucumbe s and cucumbe s.
I 's called Lnkč. This is Linkaičiai.
See also […] Skais gi ys.
S nl. Wha is i ? […] The S anels.
The S p. They' e s upid.
Shm. I 's called Shimkai.
The Vdg. […] The a e age.
See also Žiū iai.
LITERATŪRA
Aliūkai ė Dai a 2008: Ta minio kalbėjimo sup an amumas: ap io inės eilinių ben-
d uomenės na ių nuos a os. – Lie u ių kalba.l 2. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://www.lie u-
iukalba.l /index.php/lie u iu-kalba/a icle/ iew/4 (žiū ė a 2017 04 10).
Almanis Vy au as 2015: Tols ančios salos. – Me ai 10, 99–117.
ER – Egzodo ašy ojai, pa . A. T. An anai is, A. Mickienė. Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų
sąjungos leidykla, 1994.
Dob owolski Kazimie z 2001: Chłopska kul u a adycyjna. – An opologia kul u-
y. Wa szawa: Wydawnic wa uni e sy e u Wa szawskiego, 374–384.
Guda ičius Aloyzas 2009: E noling is ika. Šiauliai: Šiaulių uni e si e o leidykla.
Jšp – Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai, a s. ed. Janina Š amba y ė. Šiauliai: K. J. Vasi-
liausko įmonė, 2001 (a ba CD Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai. Šiauliai: Discens, 2005).
JšŽ – Joniškio šnek ų žodynas ( ank aš is).
Handke Kwi yna 1995: Polski język amilijny. Wa szawa: Slawis yczny oś odek wy-
dawniczy (SOW) p zy Ins i ucie slawis yki PAN.

S aipsniai / A icles 171
Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai
Kaika y ė Auš a 2015: Skais gi io šnek os ypa ybės. – Kalbos is o ijos i dialek olo-
gijos p oblemos 3. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 150–173.
Ke u a k is Saulius 2010: Li e a ū a kaip medijų sis ema a ba kas y a medija Ma iui
Ka iliškiui? – Logos 64. Vilnius: Mykolo Rome io uni e si e as, 179–189.
Kmi a Riman as 2014: Riman as Kmi a: kalbos a a a ius. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://
www.kul u polis.l /dedikuo a-klaipedai/ iman as-kmi a-kalbos- a a a ius/ (žiū ė a
2016 10 02).
K Ž – Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų žodynas ( ank aš is).
Kubilius Vy au as 1995: XX amžiaus li e a ū a. Vilnius: Alma li e a.
Lk ch – Lie u ių kalbos a mių ch es oma ija, mokslinė ed. Laima G umadienė, sud. Ri-
ma Bace ičiū ė, Aud a I anauskienė, As a Leskauskai e, Edmundas T umpa, Vilnius:
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o leidykla, 2004.
Macienė Ju gi a 2005: Deminu y ų s ilis ika. Šiauliai: VšĮ Šiaulių uni e si e o
leidykla.
Sp indy ė Jū a ė: Ma ius Ka iliškis. P ieiga in e ne e: h p:/www.šal-
iniai.in o/index//de ails/1264 (žiū ė a 2016 07 10).
SŽ – Š amba y ė-Valužienė Janina 2015: Ma o Slančiausko i jo pagalbininkų pasakoja-
mosios au osakos inkinių leksika. Žodynas. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
Tumėnas S asys 2003: Da ienas M. Ka iliškio sug įžimas. – Seno ka ei io sug įži-
mas. Šiauliai: Šiau ės Lie u a, 5–10.
Tū ly ė Ri a 2015: Ma iaus Ka iliškio p oza: meniniai monis inės pasaulė okos
kon ū ai. – Colloquia 34. Vilnius: Lie u ių li e a ū os i au osakos ins i u as, 60–79.
Vaskelienė Jolan a 2007: Žodynų ne iksuo i da iniai i unkcijos Ma iaus Ka i-
liškio no elių inkinyje „Seno ka ei io sug įžimas“. – VALODA 2007. Valoda daž-
du kul ū u kon eks , Zin nisko aks u k jums XVII. Dauga pils uni e sī ā es akadē-
miskais apgāds “Saule”, 505–512.
This is a ansla ion o a 1968 book by Ma ia Ka iliška. Diploma ic wo k ( ank-
is). Čikaga.
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI 172 This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In luence o Dialec on he Language o
Ma ius Ka iliškis […] wo ks by Ma ius Ka iliškis
Summa y
The a icle desc ibes he linguis ic iews o Ma ius Ka iliškis ( eal name Albinas 1980 in
Vai kus, bo n on 15 Sep embe 1914 in G uzdžiai, Šiauliai dis ic ; died on 17 Decembe
Lemon , a subu b o Chicago), who comes om No he n Li huania, Zaga ė dis ic ,
discusses he lexicon o he Šiauliai sub-dialec o Wes e n Uk ainian used in Ka iliškis' wo ks
and dialec speech pa e ns ha he w i e is known o . The a icle is compiled wi h
e e ence o he ma e ial o he manusc ip o he Glossa y o Ma ius Ka iliškis Wo ks
(abb e ia ed as K Ž), compiled by he au ho o he a icle. KT Lexis is compiled om he
no els Mischkais a eina uduo (1969), Užuo ėja (1990), and a collec ion o sho s o ies Seno
ka ei io sug įžimas (2003). He had hea d qui e a ew s o ies old in i , collec ed and no ed
indi idual wo ds, hei o ms and language exp essions. Dialec lexis abundan in Ka iliškis'
w i ings indica es ha he w i e ac ed as a dialec use , i.e., c ea ed wo ds, o med
colloca ions no included in o any dic iona ies, used a ious nuances o wo d meaning. Wo ds
used o c ea ed by Ka iliškis a e a ec i e, no iced by he eade as new, emo ional, inally
in e es ing in he way o phonic and seman ic meaning.
In Ka iliškis w i ings he s o y is elayed by using simple and ex ended sen ences o hough s
ha a e di ided in o sho sen ence componen s. I seems ha he w i e wishes o hal he
eade o a momen and o emphasize e e y colloca ion o ph ase. Usually, his kind o
agmen ed sen ence also conceals an emo ion exp ession. Ka iliškis w i ings, as indica ed in
he a icle, a e w i en in local dialec , i.e., dialec language used in he 20 h cen u y. Up o his
day, he de elopmen o s anda d language equi es a mo e in-dep h s udy by linguis s ocused
on a ious a eas o esea ch, and Ka iliškis' w i ings a e ex s on which such an in es iga ion
should be g ounded.
Deli e ed on 2 Ma ch 2017
JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o ičius s ee , numbe i e. LT-10308
Vilnius, Li huania Janina. [email protected] Wha is he name o he company?