Tarmės įtaka Mariaus Katiliškio raštų kalbai

S aipsniai / A icles 155 JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Resea ch a eas: analysis o w i en sou ces, lexicog aphy and lexicology o w i en sou ces, sociolinguis ics. The ime o Ma y's a i al LANGUAGES o he Ca holic Sc ip u es In luence o Dialec on he Language o Ma ius Ka iliškis Wo ks This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle eminds he scien i ic communi y o he linguis ic iews o he w i e Ma ius Ka iliški. Wi h ega d o he lexicon o Ka iliškis' w i ings and he models o spoken language, i is hypo hesized ha his ex s we e ansmi ed in he spoken language o he wes e n highland s eppe, he locali y, he linguis ic sys em, he dialec . The use o he e minology and he s anda dized lexicon o G eek in Ka iliškio's w i ings e lec s he pe iod o consolida ion o he common (s anda d) language. ESMINIAI WORDS: he p onuncia ion o high-pi ched whis les in he e ening, he p onuncia ion o he lexicon, he new wo d, he common language, he p onuncia ion o he spoken language. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. Linguis ic iews o he w i e Ma ius Ka iliškis a e e isi ed in he a icle o he a en ion o he scien i ic communi y. Du ing he cou se o he analysis o he lexis o Ka iliškis wo ks and dialec speech pa e ns, a hypo hesis is o mula ed ha Ka iliškis ex s a e w i en in Wes e n Aukš ai ian o Šiauliai local language sys em, i.e., dialec . The use o dialec lexis oge he wi h he s anda dized one in Ka iliškis wo ks e lec s he pe iod o es ablishmen o he s anda dized language. KEYWORDS: Šiauliai sub-dialec o he Wes e n Aukš ai ian, dialec lexis, neologism, s anda dized language, exp ession o dialec speech. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Ma ius Ka iliškis ( eal pe sonal name […] Albinas Vai kus, bo n on 13 Sep embe 1914 in G uzi, Šiaulių . […] died on 12 Decembe 1980, bu ied in Lemon e, a subu b o JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ 156 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI Chicago) was a pe sonali y and a w i e in No he n Li huania, in he Zaga a dis ic . A he age o nine, Albina's pa en s b ough he o he illage o Ka iliški, as he w i e himsel says, "in he ields" (ER 381). Su ounded by wo linguis ic sys ems: his mo he 's Onos Filipa ičiū ė, descended om Rokiškio (eas e n highlande s), and his a he 's Juozo Vai kaus and local inhabi an s, who spoke he aukš aičių šiauliškių pa a mės Žaga ės šnek a1. Tu bū dėl įsiklausymo į ap- s o ies o he people on he wes e n lines, in he e y ac o w i ing and speaking he language, Ka iliškis called himsel no a w i e , bu a "pasako iumi". Li e a y schola s in e p e ed him di e en ly: "Ka iliškis is a p o essional a is o he uppe class" (Kubilius 1995: 458). Ka iliški's w i ings a e a e lec ion o he spoken language (discou se) du ing he pe iod o he in asion o he common language, he es ablishmen o he language in socie y2. This linguis ic si ua ion also de e mined he pu pose o he a icle […] o discuss he cha ac e is ics and examples o he ocabula y (phone ic, mo phological, wo d making) o he Ka ilician sc ip compa ed o he ma e ial o he la e 19 h and ea ly 21s cen u ies. The 20 h cen u y and 21s cen u y ocabula y is e lec ed in he manusc ip Joniškio šnek ų žodyne (JšŽ), and he 19 h cen u y and 20 h cen u y ocabula y in he publica ion Ma o Slančiausko and his assis an s ell he s o y o he people's ocabula y. The wo d (abb e ia ed SŽ). To achie e his, se e al objec i es a e en isaged: a) ecall o he w i e 's own linguis ic p o isions, b) analysis o he w i en spoken lexicon, c) sea ch o exp essi e models o spoken language. The a icle is based on he handw i en ma e ial o he dic iona y (K Ž) w i en by Ma iaus Ka iliškio, compiled by he au ho o he a icle. The dic iona y is compiled om he no els: Miškais a eina uduo (1969), Užuo ėja (1990), Izėjusiem neg įž i (1990) and he collec ion o sho s o ies Seno ka ei io sug įžimas (2003)3. he me hods o desc ip ion, analysis and compa ison used o e eal he ma e ial unde in es iga ion; The e a e linguis ic hypo heses. 1 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he in luence o Ka iliškios mo he s speech, see. Tumėnas 2003: 510, and o mo e in o ma ion abou Žaga ės šnek ą and he nea by Skais gi io šnek ą, see. This Decision 2 S aipsnio au o ė mano, kad bk mokymas sus ip ėjo daugėjan mokyklų isoje Lie u os e i- o ijoje apie 1932–1936 m., o a minė kalba bk pi menybę užleido XX a. penk ame–šeš ame shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In he '10s. The au ho 's opinion consis s o summe expedi ions, in which he has pa icipa ed since 1977, and one o he opics o he alk is ques ions abou schools, eache s and he lea ning p ocess. The no el was i s published in Russian in 1991 and he au ho does no decide on he in luence o he Ka iliński w i ings on he language and he p inciples o edi ing, because he belie es ha his opic is wo h a sepa a e a icle. A icles o he 157 h a icle Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai As old by Ma ia Ka liškė The iew In his au obiog aphy, Ka iliškis has exp essed his iews on he language. He w o e: How did he wo d sod uma come abou ? I don' know, man. I 's p obably my na u e. Since I am cu sed no o speak in o eign languages, I mus no o ge my own. The e we also ind ano he sen ence: "I know e y a e wo ds, which pe haps only clichés d . Pe as Jonikas i da kele as žino“ (ER 380). Ka iliškis, dėl is o inių ka a- ha e go en in o ano he cul u al and linguis ic en i onmen , seeing he epa ia es' adap a ion o he en i onmen o he displaced, has epea edly complained ha pe haps he eade s do no unde s and he wo ds used in his no els, o his eason I ha e o pos pone so many a e, wonde ul wo ds ha he eade will unde s and. O he edi o s and publishe s we e discou aged, ea ing ha hey would lose hei eade s. Whe he Ka iliškis would ha e paid a en ion o such a desi e o p o ec he eading public om i s own and i s own linguis ic exp ession, i no emig a ion, emains only a he o ical ques ion. Jū a ė Sp indy ė has no iced one peculia i y o Ka iliškio […] […] isu ca ied a block o w i ing, and a pencil always came ou o he pocke pocke s. […]4 The same is said abou he speake s. Thus, Ka iliškis w o e down a ious ansla ion wo ds, ph ases, and his is unde s andable, because he w i e 's li ing en i onmen and Juozas Balčikonio's cons an appeal o he na ion o buy ma e ial o he la ges Li huanian language dic iona y, I hink, encou aged Ka iliškis o look o he li e o he language. LEGAL TEXT This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. MARIAUS KATILIŠKIO WRITES WORDS Usually, in beau i ul wo ks, he spoken wo ds a e used o desc ibe he cha ac e is ics o he cha ac e s and o highligh he local colo . Bu ha 's no a e y accu a e lexical uni . Those who ha e ead Ka iliški's wo k ha e undoub edly no iced many wo ds ha di e om he common language. The use o he e minology in Ka iliški's w i ings is qui e di e en om wha is common in con empo a y li e a u e. In he wo ds o Ka iliškis, he e is some phone ic a ia ion om one wo d o ano he , bu mos o en he g amma ical ea u es a e e ealed h ough he mo phological o ms o he wo d, and inally he wo d i sel can be used only in he local en i onmen . Among he phone ic ea u es o Ka iliški's w i ings is he inse ion o he wo d balsio a in he s one, also ound in JšŽ, e.g. kazalėkas ‘kazlėkas, plg. 4 See mo e a www.šal iniai.in o/indexde ails64.124. JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI o he yea 1585. Ka iliškio is consis en ly used as a ansli e a ed o m o he wo d šilima ‘šilui om JšŽ, plg. Shilima is ma’ su umpuoju balsiu i, ie oj bk balsio u. Jį a o ą liudija pa yzdžiai iš SŽ like a g in, […] a e age. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This is no he case. I 's called a G.C. (See also Appendix 1). The e m is mos clea ly e lec ed in he mo phological and syn ac ic o ms o he wo d. In he a ea o Šiauliškių pa a mės, o ms o he su name a e used wi h di e en kamiengalia6. Examples o his include K Ž, e.g. keliu a and keliu ė […]sho , li le a eled oad[…], kišenė and kišenius […]sewing o kni ing place o hands o ouch[…], palazdė and palazdys […]whi e plukė[…], šelma and šelmis, -ė […]išdykėlis, neklaužada, padauža[…], še kšna and še kšnas […], s eam c ys als on ees, ša ma[…]. The names o he di e en s ones a e used in he ex s w i en mo e han one hund ed and six y yea s ago by Ma o Slančiausko and his assis an s in he na a i e o he people, plg. S: he bee and he bee is he bea e o he ui , he spi i and he spi i a e he b ea hing, he b ea hing, he inhabi an and he inhabi an s a e he li ing. This linguis ic phenomenon is also obse ed in he headings o JšŽ, e.g. ak ojis ‘wo ke , a ójis ‘wo ke , bi s ‘bi ė, aly à and alỹ as ‘aliejus, ámžis and ámžis ‘me ai, á klas and á klė ‘padda k o he ea h (see Appendix 2). In he w i ings o Ka iliškis, he e a e p eposi ions -ui is o name he young o he Vedic animals, e.g. šunui is […]šunų jauniklis[…], ž i blui is […]ž i blio jauniklis, ž i bliukas[…]. No only SŽ, bu also JšŽ, plg. lapui is ‘lapiuk, lapės jauniklis, a nui is ‘ a nų jauniklis, pémpui is ‘pempės jauniklis, pempiukas a e ull o hese p ecep s. The adjec i es "ma ied man" a e a ely ound in Ka iliški's w i ings, e.g. bu ininkas […]ka iuomenės bu ų ūpin ojas[…]7. The e a e SŽ and JšŽ, plg.: o es ange […] o es gua d, eigulys[…], shopkeepe […] puodžius[…], minčãčininkas, -ė […] Minčaičių[…]. In he w i ings o Ka iliškis, he e is a p ecep -inė edinys a inė ‘ o keep wagons, ho ns and o he hings. Bu , as can be judged om he examples, he azaunė […]pa alpa o ca s, ho ns, a m poles, packages, e c. is conside ed o be used mo e o en han he a ina[…] Ka iliškio. I e lec s he di e en o ms o he spoken wo d, indica ing ha he w i e was so amilia wi h he sys em o he syllable ha e en he could a y he o ms o he wo d in his wo ks in such a way ha he image he c ea ed would be dull, ich and i id. 5 Due o he limi ed scope o he a icle, illus a i e examples om all h ee sou ces a e p o ided in Appendices 14: om he publica ion Ma o Slančiausko and his assis an s' collec ion o na a i e olklo e lexicon. The wo d, he handw i en Ka iliškio le e s wo d and he handw i en Joniškio šnek ų wo d. The ound examples a e lis ed in ables acco ding o he phone ic, mo phological and wo d-making ea u es discussed in he a icle. See sec ion 6 o de ails. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 7 Plg: Jshp 72[…]86, 97[…]105 ansc ibed ex s. A icles by A icles 159 Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai The sea ch o he wo d e idence o ms he smell and he smell o […]k apas[…], hanging, -i and hanging, -i […]pa ogus[…], comp. I 's called "consump ion". The possibili y o inse ing p eposi ions (usually n, s, ) in o he oo o p e ix o a wo d is also ouched upon by SŽ and JšŽ, e.g. lepniai ‘g ea , boas ul, p onoun and p onoun ‘li le, sk ai as and sk ais as ‘s e blė, apýnas and apýs is ‘spindle he oa s o he a kli, ã š a ‘who ejec s he oa s (see Appendix 3). In he w i ings o he Ka ilians, he e a e p edominan ly dualis ic ones, composed wi hou he jungian balsio, plg. o inklis […] o a inklis[…], landlūžis, -ė […]žemaūgis[…]. The adi ion o making such u nips is also con i med by he sub i les gi en in he SŽ, e.g. juodgal is […]š end as[…], me gmo e ė […] u in i aiką me gina[…], o inklis […] o a inklis[…]. In he manusc ip , JšŽ's dishes wi hou a connec ing balcony also p e ail, e.g. ž ý kelis […]ž y uo as kelias[…], g e g ūšnė […]anks y oji k iaušė[…], aũk a škė […] a škė mixed wi h a […]. Ka iliškio is also used wi h conjuga ed owels -a-, -i-, especially when he opposi e owels a e di icul o p onounce, e.g. ugiagėlė ‘žiemkenčių ja ų pik žolė wi h blue lowe s, bajo ių gen ies plan , ugiažolė ‘ ugiagėlė, o a inklis ‘1. spide webs; ‘2. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he si ua ion, he si ua ion, he ege able ga den, he ege able ga den. The e a e also such du ians, bu hey a e mos o en combined wi h he owel -aa -(i)a-, plg. laukagalė […]galulaukė, ield end[…], kiau anosė […] in e e ence o sepa a ing poo g ains wi h lea es[…]. Examples show ha such ha de - o-p onounce owels wi h conjuga e owels -a-, -i-, -y and -j occu , e.g. a klãmyšlis […]ho se mea […], an aka[…] is […] he second ime is di icul […], a ganis […]a ius piemuo[…], da býme is […] he ime o he ha es […]. In Ka iliški's w i ings, he a ian o he same du s some imes is used wi h he sho conjunc i e owel -i-, cha ac e is ic o he common language, and he e bal a ian wi h he long owel -y-, e.g. wi h slang and syllables […]šalia, a i[…], high-pi ched and high-pi ched, […]a […]aukš ielninkas, […]a[…], plg. You' e wea ing high heels. Simila du s, which a e domina ed by he une en-leng h conjuga e oice -i -yap inkama and SŽ, plg. šalikelė and šalykelė ‘pakelės uožas (see Appendix 4). In he no els and sho s o y collec ions i is seen ha in one case he w i e uses he o ms o he lexicon o e minology, and in he o he […] he e a e no ma i e sexes, e.g. iensėdis […] ienkiemis[…], sodnas […]sodas[…], sodnelis Ka iliškio in he w i ings a e much mo e o en used han singula […]sodyba[…] o sodas […]zemė […] a plo o land whe e g ape ees and ines g ow. Ins ead o he wo d " illage" in Joniškio šnek os, he wo d […]1 was used mo e o en. illage, 2. These wo ds a e also consis en ly ound in Ka iliški's w i ings. Ka iliškis does no shy away om using new wo ds o c ea i e p ocesses (p ocessing wo ds). Jolan a Vaskelienė has w i en abou such un eco ded a i ac s and a i ac s. Kalbinka esea ched he collec ion o no els The Re u n o he Old Soldie and ound 26 un eco ded pieces. Acco ding o Vaskelienė, […]da inia ollows he ules o wo d o ma ion, bu he e a e a e uses and ha dly e e JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ 160 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI aps ak y iosios leksikos dalimi“ (Vaskelienė 2007: 511). Tokios leksikos, u in- I depic s he sound sem, o en in o he Ka iliški's no els, e.g. he og […]šonkaulis[…], he og […]kieno ūsai iesus, simila o ogs[…], he g een […]žalia imas, žaluma[…], he win e […] ik zimmu iz ažinėjamas kelias[…]. The e a e wo ds ha a e exac ly he same as hose in he dic iona y o he Slančiausko and his assis an s' na a i e olklo e collec ion, e.g. banka […]bankas[…] (Ausų nesima o […] p asmegęs bankose. Už Plg. SŽ 58.81); canduolas […] b anduolys (The g ain is e y la ge like a walnu canduolas. Fo 124. Plg. SŽ 270); he pig […]pa šas, mei elis[…] (Whe e e he pig can be ound, bu whe e e possible, whe e e he abbi bi es. Fo 220. Plg. SŽ 294); When no one's wai ing, I'm like a c ipple a he landlady's. he eceip is comple ed (Nesup an u and eceip om N 530 Plg. SŽ 327); The se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe , he se an 's chambe . The p ies , -ė […]š en iniai, o he eas day (clo hes) […] (The d esses can ie he p ies s oge he . MAR 104. Plg. SŽ 578); The man who is heal hy, s ong, and s ead as . The man who is heal hy, s ong, and s ead as . The man who is s ong, and s ead as . The only explana ion o he lack o ocabula y o mo e han one hund ed and six y yea s can be a ibu ed o he ac ha he ep esen a i es o he communi y did no change hei place o esidence, li ed pe manen ly on he es a es o hei pa en s and ances o s and had de eloped high alues o he na u al language […] language […] c i e ia8. So Ka iliškis had indeed lis ened ca e ully o he local alk and had old his own s o ies. LESSONS om he Ca holic Sc ip u es Valued Ka iliškis is p esen ed in encyclopedic publica ions as a w i e o he exile. The s a emen is c i icized in e ms o linguis ic sel -unde s anding. Fo he eade s o he magazine, almos 20 yea s la e , and as a eenage , Ka iliškis has made i di icul o ead he dic iona y. Veličkai ė y i. Tai odo i Čikagos pedagoginio li uanis ikos ins i u o absol en ės As os Veličkai ės diplominis (daba bū ų – bakalau o) da bas Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš- w o e he wo ds o he Ka iliškio w i ings (abou h ee hund ed o hem), see 8 in mo e de ail. The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. 9 Thank you, doc o . To S asi Tumėnai, who b ough his wo k o Li huania and dona ed i o he au ho o he a icle. A icles o he T ea y Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai which do no appea in he cu en Li huanian dic iona y o 195410. The diploma ic wo k con ains a numbe o ansla ional wo ds ha , o cou se, we e no in he a o emen ioned dic iona y, he only one a ailable o Li huanians. By he way, one eason why i is di icul o ead Ka iliškį is men ioned by he w i e himsel . This is a g ea desi e o Li huanians o combine language wi h English (ER 380). The image and eac ion aised by he ocabula y o Ka iliškio's w i ings in Li huania is e y i idly e lec ed in Vy au as Almani's memo ies. A he end o 1969, e u ning om exile in he Joniškio books o e, Almanis bough he Ka iliškio no el in ed. The whole amily eads he deco a ed Ch is mas no el wi hou wi hd awing. As Vy au as Almanis says, […]M. The sen ence is like a key o unlock an ancien ches , inside which you know o su e ha you will ind some hing ex ao dina y, unseen and sec e . In his memoi s, he exp essed a e y impo an opinion: "I was ashamed o he language, o I knew he wo ds o my coun y, and I e en began o w i e he wo ds o he Pala ine Li huanians ([…]ske sla ių[…]), such as […]šunelis bėgiai (ka u)[…], […]k iečių mil as i kuku ūzai a ie (su kuku ūzais)[…], […]k au u ė kie ai (uaba )[…], […] (be )[…] I a oided using hem as i I we e a shy s uden who, s anding in a ci cle o iends, was wai ing o he a i al o a s ange o be ay his a he . Who pu ha shi in he e? Whe e did she come om? Ques ions emain o u u e esea ch. I eminds us o he a en ion ha Ped o Lenza's no el He e I Am a Sa iou ( ansla ed by Ma kus Rodune is and Riman as Kmi a) ecei ed in 2013 in he Czech language. Acco ding o Riman o Kmi os, "Li huania eels ha he examples o he mas“, o Š eica ijoje y a susi o ma usi a minės li e a ū os mada11. Taigi g įž a- ma p ie na ū alios kalbos, kokia i ašė Ka iliškis. common language p ess and wo di e en assessmen s o he ocabula y o he Ka iliškis w i ing do no doub he idea ha Ka iliškis w o e he local a ian o he slang ( a miniu) language. The language does no seek o indi idualize he cha ac e s, as is usually done in ai y ales. Ka iliški's w i ings e lec he i s li le s udied pe iod o he common language, when he no ma i e lexicon, he no ma i e wo ds a e no included in he e minology lexicon. One can only conside : uo i, gal i mes bū ume u ėję susi o ma usią a minės li e a ū os k yp į i ja i Ka iliški would no ha e needed a g oup o emig an c ea o s?12. 10 The g ea -g andmo he 's lexicon is d awn om he w i ings o Užuo ėja. Chicago: Te a, 1952; The woods come in ed. This is Chicago: Te a, 1957; The depa ed a e no coming back. Chicago: Te a, 1958; A holiday ou side he ci y. Chicago: Te a, 1963. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . 11 h p: www.kul u polis.l /dedikuo a-klaipedai/ iman as-kmi a-kalbos- a a a ius This is a lis o ci ies and owns in Li huania, so ed by loca ion. In he summe o 2016, he no el Pie inia K onika by Riman as Kmi os was published. JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ 162 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI, con aining he ollowing sec ions: TERMINAL Speech pa e ns a e also used. The le e o Ma y Ca he ine A e discussing he lexicon, i is necessa y o examine he syn ax o he su ounding wo ds. As a means o ealizing he hough s, he sen ence o Ma iliškis is an adap a ion o all le els o language so ha he e bal speech (na a i e) is unde s ood by he eade s (Aliūkai ė 2008). The syn ac ic s uc u e o he na a i e o he Ka ilician w i ings has no been s udied. Fo he i s ime, an a emp is made o discuss and dis inguish he models o medial speech and o depic hem s uc u ally. I is impo an o no e ha he s uc u e o he sen ence clea ly indica es ha his is he way o w i ing o Ka iliškis, ha is, wha dis inguishes Ka iliškis om o he w i e s, by which i is possible o ecognize Ka iliškis as a w i e . Whe he hese models a e also e lec ed in he ansla ions o Joniškio šnek ų ex s, compa ed wi h he discou se examples om he publica ion Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai and indi idual illus a i e sen ences om SŽ. One such model is he e inemen o sen ence hough , he sequen ial in e p e a ion o he meaning. This way o exp essing hough s, desc ibed in Li huanian syn ax wo ks, is he mos common discou se. Usually, he pa o he sen ence ha needs o be supplemen ed, explained (o may be supplemen ed, explained) is gi en i s . Ka iliškis also uses he in e se model, whe e i is i s lis ed and hen summa ized, e.g. The palaces, he s ai cases, he smelling mo a s - all his happened be ween he glen, jus as he b anches o he be y ee ha had jus e up ed we e cu o om he deck and se up a he bo de . 45; Fo he luxu y, he s a us, he good manne s o he wo ld, he la o o he camp and he nos ils o he camp, he gene al g ee ed ou lec u e and ansla o . F om N324; by oads, ields and poppy acks, by ails and gena ways, ains o neighbou hoods. Fo he 78 h. This kind o de ailed na a i e is e y ypical o he discou se: in he publica ion Joniškio In summe , he wind b ings he smell o he žemės d ėgmę, o es he e. S.K.S. 178. Wha a e you doing? A icles o he T ea y Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai In he speeches and ex s, he na a o explains in de ail wha and how she had o g aze (see Jšp 72 […] 74).13 Ka iliškis likes o b eak a sen ence down in o meaning ul segmen s, some imes asking and answe ing, some imes saying singula sen ences, all o which desc ibe a ce ain human s a e o beha io . A ex ha is o en b oken down in o sho e segmen s (pa s o a sen ence o sen ences) is pe cei ed as meaning ul only when a ew o hem a e pu oge he in o a whole, e.g. Don' wis you w is s. You didn' make i . 153; Fo a man o Sodom has his maul. I 's w ong, i 's no cu , i 's igh . You' e bad a eaching you mind. 228; The collapse o he Sodden. We' e go a lo o wo k o do. I'm o hem. 226; And he eyes behind he !.. Rainy and da k b own. SKS 24; The child is pulled ou o his sigh . Like my mo he . And my a he . One hund ed and ou . Ka iliški's no els and sho s o y collec ion a e ull o e bal e alua ions. Acco ding o Aloysius Guda ičius, i is impo an o a speake no only o exp ess, name eali ies, bu also o e alua e hem emo ionally (Guda ičius 2000: 136; Handke 1995: 93). Sen ence b eaking also has adjec i e signs, plg. I don' know wha you mean. And he eceip . F om N 530. I'm going o blow wi h an ash ay, bu I'm going o si down, ha 's all. The 18 h o Ma ch. The addi ion, usually meaning i( ) e e y hing, is no iced in he al eady men ioned ex […]Ganymas[…], […]Naginės[…], especially i s many Slančiausko dic iona y headings in illus a ed dic iona ies (Jšp 75, 102; SŽ 2014: 44, 51, 67 and k . ). Ka iliški, a dissemina o o monis ic secula ideas, is pa icula ly cha ac e ized by jux aposi ion and compa ison wi h ce ain phenomena o na u e14. Compa ison is adi ionally exp essed in compa a i e wo ds such as, a um, like, e.g. : Puoci puoci basom 13 Due o he scope o he a icle, he e a e no examples o ansla ion ex s, only he pages o he ansla ion ex s in he publica ion whe e he sen ences o he ansla ion model desc ibed p edomina e a e indica ed. 14 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he monis ic wo ld iew in he p ose o Ma ius Ka iliški, see The 2015 epo : 66–79. Wha abou he ? I' e had sex wi h a guy like ha . To he igh , whe e you' e slep wi h you owne . 299 o he MAR. JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ 170 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXVI The ollowing is a summa y o he guidelines: I 's called Al. B n, please. […] The ba ons. The DMK. […] Swee po a oes. The DNR. […] Dauno a a. […] Wha a e you doing? The Gšč. […] The goa s. The G č. […] Ga auchi. Wha a e you doing? Gžč. – Gaižaičiai. The J.K. […] In a nu shell. Jnn. Wha is i ? […] Young people. I 's him. […] This is Jonis. See also […] Cucumbe s and cucumbe s. I 's called Lnkč. This is Linkaičiai. See also […] Skais gi ys. S nl. Wha is i ? […] The S anels. The S p. They' e s upid. Shm. I 's called Shimkai. The Vdg. […] The a e age. See also Žiū iai. LITERATŪRA Aliūkai ė Dai a 2008: Ta minio kalbėjimo sup an amumas: ap io inės eilinių ben- d uomenės na ių nuos a os. – Lie u ių kalba.l 2. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://www.lie u- iukalba.l /index.php/lie u iu-kalba/a icle/ iew/4 (žiū ė a 2017 04 10). Almanis Vy au as 2015: Tols ančios salos. – Me ai 10, 99–117. ER – Egzodo ašy ojai, pa . A. T. An anai is, A. Mickienė. Vilnius: Lie u os ašy ojų sąjungos leidykla, 1994. Dob owolski Kazimie z 2001: Chłopska kul u a adycyjna. – An opologia kul u- y. Wa szawa: Wydawnic wa uni e sy e u Wa szawskiego, 374–384. Guda ičius Aloyzas 2009: E noling is ika. Šiauliai: Šiaulių uni e si e o leidykla. Jšp – Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai, a s. ed. Janina Š amba y ė. Šiauliai: K. J. Vasi- liausko įmonė, 2001 (a ba CD Joniškio šnek ų p a imai i eks ai. Šiauliai: Discens, 2005). JšŽ – Joniškio šnek ų žodynas ( ank aš is). Handke Kwi yna 1995: Polski język amilijny. Wa szawa: Slawis yczny oś odek wy- dawniczy (SOW) p zy Ins i ucie slawis yki PAN. S aipsniai / A icles 171 Ta mės į aka Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų kalbai Kaika y ė Auš a 2015: Skais gi io šnek os ypa ybės. – Kalbos is o ijos i dialek olo- gijos p oblemos 3. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 150–173. Ke u a k is Saulius 2010: Li e a ū a kaip medijų sis ema a ba kas y a medija Ma iui Ka iliškiui? – Logos 64. Vilnius: Mykolo Rome io uni e si e as, 179–189. Kmi a Riman as 2014: Riman as Kmi a: kalbos a a a ius. P ieiga in e ne e: h p:// www.kul u polis.l /dedikuo a-klaipedai/ iman as-kmi a-kalbos- a a a ius/ (žiū ė a 2016 10 02). K Ž – Ma iaus Ka iliškio aš ų žodynas ( ank aš is). Kubilius Vy au as 1995: XX amžiaus li e a ū a. Vilnius: Alma li e a. Lk ch – Lie u ių kalbos a mių ch es oma ija, mokslinė ed. Laima G umadienė, sud. Ri- ma Bace ičiū ė, Aud a I anauskienė, As a Leskauskai e, Edmundas T umpa, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o leidykla, 2004. Macienė Ju gi a 2005: Deminu y ų s ilis ika. Šiauliai: VšĮ Šiaulių uni e si e o leidykla. Sp indy ė Jū a ė: Ma ius Ka iliškis. P ieiga in e ne e: h p:/www.šal- iniai.in o/index//de ails/1264 (žiū ė a 2016 07 10). SŽ – Š amba y ė-Valužienė Janina 2015: Ma o Slančiausko i jo pagalbininkų pasakoja- mosios au osakos inkinių leksika. Žodynas. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as. Tumėnas S asys 2003: Da ienas M. Ka iliškio sug įžimas. – Seno ka ei io sug įži- mas. Šiauliai: Šiau ės Lie u a, 5–10. Tū ly ė Ri a 2015: Ma iaus Ka iliškio p oza: meniniai monis inės pasaulė okos kon ū ai. – Colloquia 34. Vilnius: Lie u ių li e a ū os i au osakos ins i u as, 60–79. Vaskelienė Jolan a 2007: Žodynų ne iksuo i da iniai i unkcijos Ma iaus Ka i- liškio no elių inkinyje „Seno ka ei io sug įžimas“. – VALODA 2007. Valoda daž- du kul ū u kon eks , Zin nisko aks u k jums XVII. Dauga pils uni e sī ā es akadē- miskais apgāds “Saule”, 505–512. This is a ansla ion o a 1968 book by Ma ia Ka iliška. Diploma ic wo k ( ank- is). Čikaga. JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI 172 This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In luence o Dialec on he Language o Ma ius Ka iliškis […] wo ks by Ma ius Ka iliškis Summa y The a icle desc ibes he linguis ic iews o Ma ius Ka iliškis ( eal name Albinas 1980 in Vai kus, bo n on 15 Sep embe 1914 in G uzdžiai, Šiauliai dis ic ; died on 17 Decembe Lemon , a subu b o Chicago), who comes om No he n Li huania, Zaga ė dis ic , discusses he lexicon o he Šiauliai sub-dialec o Wes e n Uk ainian used in Ka iliškis' wo ks and dialec speech pa e ns ha he w i e is known o . The a icle is compiled wi h e e ence o he ma e ial o he manusc ip o he Glossa y o Ma ius Ka iliškis Wo ks (abb e ia ed as K Ž), compiled by he au ho o he a icle. KT Lexis is compiled om he no els Mischkais a eina uduo (1969), Užuo ėja (1990), and a collec ion o sho s o ies Seno ka ei io sug įžimas (2003). He had hea d qui e a ew s o ies old in i , collec ed and no ed indi idual wo ds, hei o ms and language exp essions. Dialec lexis abundan in Ka iliškis' w i ings indica es ha he w i e ac ed as a dialec use , i.e., c ea ed wo ds, o med colloca ions no included in o any dic iona ies, used a ious nuances o wo d meaning. Wo ds used o c ea ed by Ka iliškis a e a ec i e, no iced by he eade as new, emo ional, inally in e es ing in he way o phonic and seman ic meaning. In Ka iliškis w i ings he s o y is elayed by using simple and ex ended sen ences o hough s ha a e di ided in o sho sen ence componen s. I seems ha he w i e wishes o hal he eade o a momen and o emphasize e e y colloca ion o ph ase. Usually, his kind o agmen ed sen ence also conceals an emo ion exp ession. Ka iliškis w i ings, as indica ed in he a icle, a e w i en in local dialec , i.e., dialec language used in he 20 h cen u y. Up o his day, he de elopmen o s anda d language equi es a mo e in-dep h s udy by linguis s ocused on a ious a eas o esea ch, and Ka iliškis' w i ings a e ex s on which such an in es iga ion should be g ounded. Deli e ed on 2 Ma ch 2017 JANINA ŠVAMBARYTĖ-VALUŽIENĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Pe o ičius s ee , numbe i e. LT-10308 Vilnius, Li huania Janina. [email protected] Wha is he name o he company?