S aipsniai / A icles 237
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas include dialec ology, geolinguis ics, a eal
linguis ics, expe imen al phone ics, and phonology.
Li huanian ad ice
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This is he las one.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
T ansc ip ion o Li huanian Dialec s by IPA
Symbols: he Wes e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec
o Šiauliai
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle discusses he symbolic possibili ies o he cu en edi ion o he In e na ional
Phone ic Alphabe (TFA) o he ansc ip ion o wes e n high-pi ched syllables. Un il now, in
Li huanian dialec ology, he sounds o dialec s we e mos ly w i en in he so-called
Copenhagen ansc ip ion, adap ed by Geo ge Ge ullio in he ea ly 20 h cen u y. A he
beginning o he 21s cen u y, wi h he eme gence o new ansla ion di ec ions in Li huania,
he need o mode n TFA has g ea ly inc eased, so dialec ologis s o he Li huanian Language
Ins i u e in 2016 c ea ed a pilo TFA symbol se , which is now " es ed" on he cha ac e is ics o all he ecommenda ions.
The co espondence be ween he TFA symbols and he Copenhagen ansc ip ion, w i en in
Palemon sc ip , is p o ided in he a icle. The main pa analyzes TFA ansc ibed specimens
o ash om wo di e en se lemen s […] Ažý ėnai, belonging o he sou he n pa o he
subu b, and Šakýnos, loca ed in he no h, nea he land a ea. The aim o he expe imen s was
o es he possibili y o cap u ing mos o he phone ic ea u es o he owels wi h TFA
symbols. Mos o he ea u es o he ad ice did no aise ansc ip ion p oblems. The
symbols o owels and consonan s in he TFA se oughly co espond o he owel sounds in
mos cases, some o hem a e w i en wi h addi ional diac i ics. How p oblema ic is he TFA
ma king o he so-called […]shaking[…] sounds […] be ween s, z, c, dz and š, ž, č, dž […] in he
p ebalsial sys em, since he e is no p ecise desc ip ion o he a icula o y p ope ies o he
in e media e sounds un il now. As in o he dialec s and in common pa lance, he mos complex
o he s eams emains he ixa ion o p onoun uni s, especially p eposi ional a ian s, wi h TFA symbols.
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
238 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXVII
ESMINIAI WORDS: dialec ology, Li huanian language, Wes e n high-le el languages,
ansc ip ion, In e na ional phone ic spelling (TFA).
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle discusses he oppo uni ies o he applica ion o he la es e sion o he In-
In e na ional Phone ic Alphabe (IPA) o he ansc ip ion o he Wes e n Aus en subdialec o he
lec o Šiauliai. Un il now dialec al sounds we e usually ansc ibed in Li hua nian dialec ol-
ogy using he so called Copenhagen T ansc ip ion ha was adap ed by Geo g Ge ullis a he
20 h cen u y. Wi h he a i al o new ields in dialec ology in he ea ly 21s cen u y, he need o
con empo a y IPA s eng hened, esul ing in a pilo se o IPA symbols compiled by he
dialec ologis s o he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language in 2016. I is now being es ed on he
peculia ea u es o all subdialec s. The a icle p esen s he equi alen s o he IPA symbols and
he Copenhagen T ansc ip ion eco ded by he Palemonas on . The main pa analyses he
examples o he subdialec o Šiauliai ansc ibed by IPA symbols om wo di e en esiden ial
poin s […] Ažy ėnai belonging o he sou he n pa o he subdialec and Šakyna loca ed in he
no h, nex o he a ea o Samogi ians. Examples we e used o check he oppo uni ies o eco
ding mos o phone ic ea u es o he subdialec o Šiauliai by IPA symbols. Mos o he ea u es o
he subdialec did no pose any ansc ip ion p oblems. The ansc ip ion o he sounds o he
so-called phenomenon o slang […] in e media e sounds be ween […]s, […]z, […]c, […]dz, […]š, […]ž, […]č,
majo i y o cases, he IPA owel and consonan symbols oughly co espond o he sounds
o he subdialec ; some o hem a e ma ked by addi ional diac i ics. In he consonan sys-
[…]d[…] by IPA symbols is sligh ly mo e p oblema ic, as he e is s ill no accu a e way o desc ibe he
cha ac e is ics o a icula ion o in e media e sounds. As in o he subdialec s and he s anda d
language, he eco ding o p osodic uni s, in pa icula accen a ian s, by IPA symbols emains
mos p oblema ic in he a ea o he subdialec o Swahili.
KEYWORDS: dialec ology, Li huanian dialec s, Wes e n Aukš ai ian subdialec
o Šiauliai, ansc ip ion, In e na ional Phone ic Alphabe (IPA) This is a lis o languages spoken in Li huania.
1.In oduc o y no es
The p oblem o ansc ibing spoken language has always been ele an o
ep esen a i es o dialec ical science. E en he ansc ip s o common languages
cija negali pe eik i isų sub ilių ga sų a ian ų, už ašy as aizdas ė a apy ikslis.
Teigiama, kad subjek y i ansk ibuo ojo in e p e acija neiš engiamai eikia i-
ha e language le els seman ics, lexicon, g amma and phone ics. The ansc ibe is
na u ally inclined o w i e down his o he linguis ic in e p e a ion, which does no
A icles by A icles 239
Lie u ių pa a mių ansk ipcija TFA simboliais:
aka ų aukš aičiai šiauliškiai
always coincide wi h he in o ma ion encoded by he ansc ibe . When
ansc ibing spoken da a, he e is especially a lo o ambigui y a he le el o
phone ics, mo e p ecisely phonemic, because he ansc ibe uses he bes -known
(mos ly na i e) phone ic sys em o decode he eco ded ex . Objec i i y in
ansc ip ion is a e y di icul ask o achie e, i is ecognized ha w i ing
usually con eys an "imp essionis " image o he li ing language1 (Lade oged 1990: 32
[…] 36; Pandeli, Eska, Ball, Rahilly 1997: 65; Widdowson k : 2012 57 e al.). he choice o a
Ta miniam kalbėjimui pe kel i an popie iaus labai s a bus i ansk ipcijos
sys em, he de e mina ion o i s p inciples. Di e en coun ies o en ha e hei
own na ional ansc ip ion sys ems. As we know, he adi ion o he so-called
Copenhagen ansc ip ion adap ed by Geo ge Ge ulli (1930) has exis ed in Li huania
o a cen u y, which was imp o ed in la e pe iods by all he amous dialec ologis s
(ž . This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Zinke ičius 1994; Ski man as, Gi denis
2001 [1998] and k . He is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . ; Read mo e abou he
ansc ip ion o Li huanian dialec s in he 21s cen u y. This Regula ion shall en e
in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Al hough hese ansc ip ion ma ks we e adap ed
o he Li huanian language on he basis o he TFA (edi ion o 1925), hey a e e y
di e en om he cu en TFA symbols. La ian dialec ologis s use hei own
ansc ip ion sys em (see AV 2016: 1415; BA P 2009: 5057; BA I 2013: I 7481). Howe e , in
join scien i ic p ojec s, especially in he 21s cen u y, esea che s acknowledge
ha his g ea ly limi s he scope o esea ch, making i di icul o compa e da a
om di e en languages2. Ano he eason o he inc ease in he need o a
uni e sal ansc ip ion sys em o ansla ional ex s is he me hodological and ideological changes in ansla ion in he 21s cen u y. In o de o mee hese needs, he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language (ILL) launched a pilo p ojec on he In e na ional Phone ic Alphabe (TFA).
1 Plg. aiklią An ano Ba anausko pas abą ašy inės i gy osios kalbos d ilypumo klausimu: „Kas ki-
a knyga, kas ki a bu na: knygoje kalba pusiau apmi usi, bu noje gi isa gy a“ (Ba anauskas 1970:
248).
2 T ansc ip ion p oblems in he 21s cen u y ha e been pa icula ly encoun e ed by esea che s
o common Bela usian languages, compa ing he acous ic cha ac e is ics o sounds (see
G igo je s, Ja osla ienė 2014; 2015; Ja osla ienė 2014; 2015; U bana ičienė, Ind ičāne 2015; 2016).
Li huanian and La ian dialec ologis s mainly discussed his in he p epa a ion o BA P 2009, BA I 2013.
3 Uni e sal p esen a ion is pa icula ly ele an o he analysis o a m da a by compu e
p og ammes, e.g. RuG/L04, Gabmap (see also Ne bonne e al. 2011: 6589 .; Leinonen e al. 2016: 7183 .)
and o he s. Dialec ome ic measu emen s a e mos o en used o calcula e, ep esen and analyze
linguis ic simila i ies o di e ences, usually aking in o accoun he geog aphical loca ion (see
Szm ecsanyi 2011: 45).
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li uaniana (LXXVII) is a collec ion o symbols o he Li huanian language.
Recen ly, his collec ion has been p esen ed o he scien i ic communi y, conside ed by
esea che s o he dialec s o he Bal ic languages and geolinguis s5. The nex s age o his
wo k was he adap a ion o he selec ed TFA symbols in de ail.4 This wo k was one o he
componen s o a la ge Li huanian language s udy in which TFA ansc ip ion was equi ed o
he analysis o language ma e ial by compu e p og ams based on dialec ome y me hods.
5
The TFA collec ion o Li huanian dialec s p epa ed o he session o he Li huanian Language
Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e on 05 03 2016. I was p esen ed o he scien i ic communi y a
in e na ional scien i ic con e ences in Li huania (Bakšienė R., Čepai ienė A. […]Applica ion o
In e na ional Phone ic Alphabe s (IPA) o Li huanian language ex s: possibili ies and p oblems[…].
In e na ional scien i ic con e ence on he ans o ma ion o con empo a y Bal ic languages and
dialec s. Li huanian Language Ins i u e, Vilnius Uni e si y, Vilnius, 2016 10 19 […]21) and in La ia (Bakšienė
R., Čepai ienė A. […]Li huanian language ansc ip ion: adi ion and IPA[…]. In e na ional scien i ic
con e ence on ex s and wo ds. LU La ian Language Ins i u e, Riga, 2017 02 22[…]23; Bakšienė R. […]F om
sound o wo d: p oblems o ansc ip ion o Li huanian dialec s[…]. In e na ional scien i ic con e ence
Vā ds and aspec s o i s esea ch. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible
wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. La ian dialec ologis s a e cu en ly p epa ing an analogous collec ion sui able o ansc ibing La ian dialec s.
1 PAV. O he The ne wo k o con ol checkpoin s (LKA 1977, map No. 1) is checked
A icles and a icles 241
Lie u ių pa a mių ansk ipcija TFA simboliais:
aka ų aukš aičiai šiauliškiai
o each Li huanian checkpoin . Fo his pu pose, a ne wo k o 24 poin s
(unde lying […] LKA 1977) was c ea ed, co e ing all Li huanian ad ice. I s i es o
adhe e o he p inciples o uni y and symme y […] he selec ed a ea is loca ed
be ween he main ad iso y a eas o he in e sec ing isoglosses and ep esen s
ingus a ealus (ž . 1 pa .). Ch es oma inių šal inių (daugiausia LKTCh 2004)
he basis o he collec ion o con ol wo ds o med om hese poin s,
illus a ing mos o he ad iso y cha ac e is ics. Based on he desc ip ion o he
e bs, all he wo ds we e ansc ibed in he adi ional Copenhagen sc ip and
he cu en TFA symbols6 (see mo e Bakšienė, Čepai ienė 2017). So a , only he
closes examples o he common language a e lis ed in he TFA ansc ip ion
symbols (see Bakšienė, Čepai ienė 2017a). The pu pose o his a icle is o discuss
he possibili ies o applying he TFA symbols o he cu en edi ion o ano he
wes e n high-pi ched admoni ion o he Šiauliai, whose phone ic sys em is also no
oo a emo ed om he common Li huanian language. The smalles asks o he
s udy: o selec he samples om he con ol se o wo ds ha bes illus a e
he phone ics and spelling ea u es o he s awbe y spices; he selec ed
samples shall be w i en in he Copenhagen ansc ip ion and he TFA symbols; an
o e iew o he symbolic possibili ies and p oblems o ansc ip ion o TFA. The
aim o he a icle is o con inue he discussion o he esea che s o he dialec s o he Bal ic languages on his issue.
2. he TFA and he KOPENHAGEN
TRANSCRIPTION SEAL
The cu en adi ion o Li huanian language ansc ip ion is used o c ea e a se
o TFA symbols sui able o Li huanian languages. In addi ion o he basic
p inciples o sound ansmission, many spelling wo ks use he same ansc ip ion
ma ks, mos ecen ly in he Palemon sc ip (see Alekna ičienė and o he s, 2005).
The p inciples o he connec ion be ween he Copenhagen ansc ip ion and he
TFA symbols ha e al eady been discussed in he scien i ic p ess (see Bakšienė,
Čepai ienė 2017), so only a summa y o he co espondence ables (see Figu e 1) is
p esen ed he e and shows how many and which TFA symbols we e used (see Figu e
2, Figu e 3).
The pu pose o his ansc ip ion es is o check he "e alonical" image o he spaces eco ded in
he ch oma og aphy. Un il he changes o he 21s cen u y, new phenomena, e c. a e aken in o
accoun . Once a se o TFA symbols sui able o all ad ice is c ea ed, i will also be possible o ansc ibe he eco dings o he li ing language.

RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
242 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
1 LENTELĖ. Ta minių TFA i kopenhaginės ansk ipcijos ašmenų a i ikmenys
Sounds and o he phone ic uni s TFA Copenhagen ansc ip ion
Balls o a
ype
[a] [a]
[[…]] [å] Wha is i ?
[ɐ] [α]
e ipas
[ɛ] [e]
[a] [a]
[ɜ] [ɛ]
[ə] [ə]
he ype
[ his] [ his]
[e] [e] Wha is i ?
[ɘ] []
[ɘ] []
ype i
[iː], [i] [i·], [i] Wha is he meaning o his exp ession?
[ɪ] [i] Wha is i ?
[ɪ ] [], [ι]
[ and ] [ and ]
[ɨ] [ы]
[ɪ ] []
and ype
[o] [o] [o]
[ɔ] [ɔ]
[o] u ype
[uː], [u] [u·], [u] Wha is he meaning o he name?
[[…]] [u] This is no he case.
[ʊ] [], [υ]
[ʊ] []
Leng h o o es and
educ ion ː· hal -leng h .
Reduc ion o […]a (a) and […] (i) The
klausa neski iamas balsis  ъ, ь
so ness and so ness o he adhesi e
minkš umas ʲ‚ / ’/ 
nežymus suska dėjimas [s],[ ]... [s], [ ]...
is no a sligh su oca ion [g], []... [], []...
Key and accesso y main key […] […] side
key […] […] umpojo skiemens key
unknown […] wi l on key […] […]
wi l end key […] con inuous key […] […]
[…] […] loose key unknown […] middle key
unknown […]
A icles o he T ea y
Lie u ių pa a mių ansk ipcija TFA simboliais:
aka ų aukš aičiai šiauliškiai
Two, h ee PAV. Selec he TFA owel and consonan symbols o he ansli e a ion
o Li huanian dialec s (based on […] IPA 2015)
3. he nigh o he auc ion
The ansc ip ion o he pic u e
This is TFA SIMBOLIAIS
In o de o check he sui abili y o he se o TFA symbols o he
cha ac e is ics o he s awbe ies, wo e y di e en poin s we e selec ed
om he a ea o he pa a mė - he sou he n pa belongs o Ažan ysy ėnai and
he no he n pa belongs o Šakýna (ž . pa . 4). All dialec ologis s' wo ks
emphasize ha he di e ences be ween he no he n and sou he n pa s and
he peculia i ies o he indi idual dialec s a e discussed in mo e de ail. This
mės šiau inė i pie inė dalys labai ne ienodos, be o, esama y inių i aka inių
šnek ų ski umų. Šiauliškiai – bene ne ien isiausia iš isų lie u ių pa a mių
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. G ina eckis 1974; Zinke ičius 1994: 36[…]40;
JŠPT 2001; LKTCh 2004: 60[…]75; Kazlauskai ė 2002; 2003; 2005: 9[…]27; 2008; VAS 2007;
Ge žo ai ė 2012; 2016: 107–131; XXI a. p . si uaciją ž . Kaika y ė 2010; 2015;
Aliūkai ė, Bakšienė, Ja osla ienė i k . 2014: 155–157).
Selec ed examples om he con ol se o all he ecommended wo ds (see also
Bakšienė, Čepai ienė) o he mos ele an poin s o Šakynos and Ažy ėnai,
illus a ing he phone ic and c ossing ea u es o he s awbe ies. The main
ones a e mos ly ealized in he same way a bo h in es iga ed poin s, he smalle
ones a e ma kedly di e en . Based on he desc ip ion o he lines, hey a e
ansc ibed wi h he adi ional Copenhagen ansc ip ion and he TFA symbols.
The ollowing is a de ailed o e iew o he ansc ip ion and w i en examples.
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
244 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
4 PAV. Fo ansc ip ion illus a ions, he VAS poin s chosen by Kamien Ki čiuo i ie, uo, de e mining he
a ilia ion o he s awbe ies o he uppe classes, a e answe ed a bo h con ol poin s in he same
way as in common speech (LKA 1982: map 64, 66; Zinke ičius 1994: 85; LKTCh 2004: 29). In o de o con ey
he posi ional a ian s o hese sounds as accu a ely as possible wi h TFA symbols, he skiemens
app oach should be aken in o accoun . The ixed p e ixes, i.e. uo, a e implemen ed in bo h poin s in
exac ly he same way as in mos e minals, wi h s ong emphasis on he beginning o he a iable
balsio. TFA hey a e ma ked wi h he symbols [iɛ] and [uɛ] […] a he beginning, [u], ma king closed
sounds, abo e hem adding he one alling (see below o mo e abou he ansc ip ion o he guides),
e.g. sjɛjs s es a ~ s es a, dɑnes s dúona ~ dúona7. The ansla ions o he T-shaped le e s a e
sligh ly di e en in he selec ed poin s: in he uppe case, he end o he T-shaped sound is usually
indica ed, and in he lowe case, which is nea he lowe case 7 h, he o de is gi en e e ywhe e:
ansc ibe TFA (in s anda d sc ip ), kopenhagine ansc ip ion and co espondence in he common
language.
A icles and a icles 245
Lie u ių pa a mių ansk ipcija TFA simboliais:
aka ų aukš aičiai šiauliškiai
a ea, […] he beginning (VAS 2007: 120; LKTCh 2004: 63). In he example o he Az ecs, he
sign indica ing he ising one is w i en on he second d ess (ˈjɛɪns shiẽns ~ shiẽns,
ˈjɔks juõks ~ juõks), and on he i s one (ˈjns šens, ˈjɪɔks jũoks). The ending o he
spoken sounds depends less on he accen , in all cases he TFA symbols [ɛ] and [ɔ] a e
w i en he e, ma king he medium-opening owels. Gi en he a iable a icula ion o
hese sounds, hey can also be ansc ibed wi h a linking link (an. linking) a he bo om o
[…] sjjʋjɛs s, […] jɔks […] jɔks. Don cu i , o ansc ibe i in he same TFA symbols as
he wi ls (jɛˈnjɛljɪs šien.lis ~ šienẽlis, pˈɔdks puodùks ~ puodùkas) a he Šakyn poin . In
he non-ci cula pa , ie, u can be answe ed wi h wo pai s: ie > æe, hey a e w i en [æ]
[ɛ], [e], [], [o] […] he las o he h ee o mo e open a icula ion is used as a diac i ic,
ẹ, uo > u, ọ (LKA 1982: žemėl. 64, 66; Kazlauskai ė 2005: 14). TFA simboliais
ma king he lowe ed oice (an lowe ed)8 ([…]jɛlɪnjæ[…]ljɪs […]jɛlɪs […]shen[…].lis, pdu[…]ks
poˈdu[…]ks […] pud.l.s.s.p.s.s.s. / p.s.s.).
The peculia i ies o he dis inc i e high-pi ched ad ices […] nasal oices […], […] and owels an, am, en, em
a e also said in he whole a ea o he slang as in common pa lance, he a ian s may a ise only due o
he in luence o p ose elemen s. The sounds a e ansc ibed wi h he co esponding TFA owels and
consonan s (see Figu e 1, Figu e 2, Figu e 3), e.g. […]k[…]sjɪs […]k[…]nis ~ k[…]snis9, […]k[…]sjɪj
[…]k[…]k[…]k[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…],
[…]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…]s[…], […]s[…]s[…], […]s[…], […]s>s[…]s[…], […]s[…], […]s[…], […]s[…], […] […]s[…], […] […], […] […]
[…], […]s> […] […] A he checkpoin s, he long s ones a e no cu a all, hey a e sho ened. Mos o he
scales sho en hem al oge he , bu a ound Shakyn he long owels emain hal -leng h (LKA 1982: 29, 36,
41, 45; LKTCh 2004: 61). In he case o ansc ip ion by TFA symbols, he hal -leng h (hal -long) ma k is
indica ed on he igh side o he w is , e.g. gj jɛˈjɪms g e.žms gj jɛjms g ež.ms ~ g ęžmas,
gjiˈjɛnj j gi. é.. gjˈɪjænj j gi lj ~ gy én i, suɛs sunljlis snjljljl. sl. l. l. l. s. In cases whe e long y, ū a e
comple ely sho ened, hei quali y is also a ec ed […] hey become somewha mo e open and less
ense, so hey a e widely p oposed o be ansc ibed wi h TFA symbols [ɪ], []. The long owels abielãpę,
pjæmjpjɛ p.pe ~ pémpė, dɑng dãŋgu ~ dagų, mɑ m a ~ mã o a e no hea d in bo h open and closed limbs;
[…] […]kɑs […] š.kas […] šākos, […]g ɛɑ[…]jɑs […] g .žes […] g ɑ[…]jo[…]s […] g .žos […] g ãžios, 8 Su umpėjęs
u […] uo is also conside ed o be somewha mo e open-minded han he na u al umpas u. […] 9 Ažy ėː
poin can also be used in he inal cu a ian : kūnsjnj[…]s […]s […] ka[…]n[…]s […]
juose punk uose umpinami iki umpųjų. Jie už ašomi eikiamais TFA um-
pųjų balsių simboliais (ž . 1 len .), p z.: ˈʃɑˑkɑ – š.ka ~ šãką, ˈlɑˑpʲɛ – l.pe ~
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
252 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Jona Aldouna (1964): The mo phological ea u es o he Zemai ic language in he
e i o y o Shakyn. […] Ques ions on he Li huanian language 7, 165 […] 177.
Jonai y ė Aldona 1967: The impac o La ian language on he g amma ical s uc u e o
he slang o he La ian dialec s. […] Ques ions on he Li huanian language 9, 171[…]182.
Jonai y ė Aldona 1969: he nickname, he numbe , he su name o he high- anking
nobles o he Pala ine e enings. […] Ques ions on he Li huanian language 11, 183 […] 209.
John Aldous (1972): The phone ic o igins o he wo ds o he Pala ine Wes . Li huanian
language ques ions 13, 3141. Jonah Pe as, he ansla o o he book o P o e bs. The
ci y o Spindulys. J.P.S. 2001: The P ac ices and Tex s o he Joniškis Janina
Š amba y ė, om he sou h. I is also known as he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden
T iangle".
The company K. J. Vasiliausko om Šiauliai.
In he sp ing o 2010, he Joni Šnežek's Daik a a dis chee ing sys em was launched.
The doc o al hesis. Vilnius: The Uni e si y o Vy au as he G ea . Kaika y ė Auš a
2015: The peculia i ies o he Skais gi 's snake. […] P oblems o language his o y and
dialec ology 3, 50 […] 173.
In his 2002 book, "The Phonological Sys em o he Pašu ia Sh e l: Vocalism and P ose,"
The doc o al hesis. Vilnius: The Uni e si y o Vilnius. In he case o he "Kazakhs an"
and "Kazakhs an" phonemes, he co espondence be ween he phonemes
"Kazakhs an" and "Kazakhs an" occu s in he "Kazakhs an" and "Kazakhs an"
phonemes, espec i ely. […] Language 52(1), 71[…]80. Wha is he meaning o he wo d […]?
In his 2005 book, "S awbe y Sho cake: The Sou h Side o he Ske ches and Commen a ies," Šiauliai: The publishing house o Šiauliai Uni e si y.
In he case o he "Kazakhs ani" (Kazakhs ani: Kazakhs ani), he name is de i ed
om he G eek wo d "kizakhs ani," which means " o d aw." […] P oblems o
language his o y and dialec ology 1, 313 […] 324. "Kazakhs an" is he name o he
phone ic o m o he name "Kazakhs an." […] P oblems o language his o y and dialec ology 2, 600[…]609.
Lade oged Pe e 1990: Wha do we symbolize? Though s p omp ed by bilabial and
labioden al ica i es. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The
Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Leinonen The ese, Çöl ekin Çağ ı, Ne bonne John 2016: Using Gabmap. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. –
Language 178, 71 and 83.
LKA 1977: A las o he Li huanian language 1. The dic iona y, please. This is Kazys Mo kūnas. Vilnius: The science.

S aipsniai / A icles 253
Lie u ių pa a mių ansk ipcija TFA simboliais:
aka ų aukš aičiai šiauliškiai
LKA 1982: A las o he Li huanian language 2. Phone ics, by he way. This is Kazys Mo kūnas. The Vilnius:
I 's science.
LTCh 2004: The ch es oma ics o Li huanian language ansla ions, sud. Rima
Bace ičiū ė, Aud a I anauskienė, As a Leskauskai ė, Edmundas T umpa. She is also a
membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e publishing house.
I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o equal ea men o men and women.
nonen The ese 2011: Gabmap – A Web Applica ion o Dialec ology. – Dialec olo-
gia. Special Issue 2, 65–89.
Pandeli, Eska, Ball, Rahilly 1997: P oblems o phone ic ansc ip ion: The case o he
Hibe no-English sli - . […] Jou nal o he In e na ional Phone ic Associa ion 27, 65[…]
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
12 10).
Salys An anas 1992 [1946]: Li huanian language. Rome: Li huanian Ca holic Academy
o Sciences.
SCHMIDT (PPE). - (DE) M P esiden , ladies and gen lemen, I should like o begin by
cong a ula ing he appo eu on his excellen epo . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
S. G. Pe e s, G. A. (1998), The phone ic ansc ip ions o he mode n languages. This is
Aleks Gi denis. The wo ks o Kalbo y os 3. Vilnius: Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedia
Publishing, 335 […] 351.
Š age is E aldas 2015: Acous ic cha ac e is ics o Li huanian and La ian
mono ongue sounds: compa a i e analysis. The doc o al hesis. Vilnius: The
Uni e si y o Vilnius. Joli a U bana ičienė, Ind ičane 2015: Resul s o he Li huanian
and La ian language es s: esul s o he locus equals. This Decision shall en e in o
o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. Jolie-U bana, Ind ičane-Ines, 2016: The bounda ies o he closu e o
he Li huanian and La ian languages: he du a ion o he explosion phase and he FFT spec a. A man and a wo d. Didac ic Linguis ics 18(1), 46[…]79. This is a lis o linguis ic disciplines in he Uni ed Kingdom.
VAS 2007: Wes e n high schools in Šiauliai: a ex book, sud. Ru a Kazlauskai ė, Lionė
Lapinskienė, Rima Bace ičiū ė. She is a membe o he Russian Academy o Sciences.
Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e. John Da id Allison 2012: Some Elemen a y
ic T ansc ip ion. – T adi ion Today 2, 57–69. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://cen e- o -en-
P oblems o Phoneglish- adi ional-he i age.o g/T adi ionToday2/TT2_Widdowson.pd (which is also a ailable in English)
10).
Zinkiewicz-Zigmas, Dialec ology o he Li huanian language (1994) Vilnius:
Science and encyclopedia publishing house.
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII is published by he Li huanian Minis y o Educa ion and Science.
T ansc ip ion o Li huanian Dialec s by IPA
Symbols: he Wes e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec
o Šiauliai
Summa y
This pape discusses he oppo uni ies o he applica ion o he In e na ional Phone ic
Alphabe (IPA) o he sounds o Wes e n Aus onesian. F om he 20 h o he 21s
cen u y, ex s o Li huanian dialec s we e ma ked using he ansc ip ion ha was
adap ed by Geo g Ge ulli in 1930. I is a dis inc i e ansc ip ion which di e s om
hose applied o o he languages. Nowadays, he use o his ansc ip ion became mo e
complica ed a e quan i a i e measu emen s o language a iance became popula .
They a e usually made by compu e p og ams which equi e iden ical da a. In o de o
a oid ansc ip ion a ia ion in he u u e, he pilo s udy ansc ibing he sounds o
Wes e n Aus onesian o Siam ( om) can be concluded ha in he IPA he e a e almos
Ažy ėnai and Šakyna egions) using IPA symbols was pe o med.
A e e iewing he illus a i e ma e ial o Wes e n Aukš ai ian o Šiauliai, i
all cha ac e s ha a e sui able o ma k a a ie y o sounds ound in his subdialec .
Only a ew sounds need o be ma ked wi h addi ional diac i ics. In e media e sounds
be ween s, z, c, dz and š, ž, č, dž a e p oblema ic in he consonan sys em. App op ia e
IPA symbols di e somewha om he dialec al sounds by hei cha ac e is ics o
a icula ion o unc ion. The ma king o p osodic uni s in he Shia dialec using he IPA
symbols is mos p oblema ic. They can be ma ked as an accen ed syllable (wi h p ima y
and seconda y s ess) and a long-syllable one all (= acu e) ise (= ci cum lex). Some
allo ones in he accen s o Šiauliai subdialec canno be ma ked using he IPA. I is he
objec o u u e esea ch.
Deli e ed on 6 Decembe 2017
RIMA BAKŠIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o
adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.