144 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas include mo phosyn ax, seman ics, ypology,
g amma ical hie a chies, and seconda y p edica es.
The Eu opean Union is
he wo ld's la ges dono o aid o he poo es coun ies in he wo ld.
In speech
Es ablishmen o he Concep in
Li huanian
ANOTATION The aim o his s udy is o examine he ac ualiza ion and sp ead o he concep o
communi y in he cu en Li huanian language. Using he ex o he cu en Li huanian language
compiled by he Compu e Linguis ics Cen e o Vy au as Magnus Uni e si y in Kaunas, i was
ound ha 28 wo ds a e used in he Li huanian language, made di ec ly om he noun conjunc ion
o de i a i es o his wo d: 14 noun wo ds, 12 adjec i es, one e b and one ad e b. The a icle
discusses hese wo ds om a c ea i e poin o iew, indica ing hei meanings and o ms,
equency o use, and sou ces. Fo compa ison, examples o indings using he In e ne sea ch
sys em Google a e p o ided. ESMINIAI WORDS: he wo ds o he judgmen , he p ecep s, he
p ecep s, he p ecep s, he p ecep s, he wo ds, he deg ee o he deed.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The aim o his s udy is o analyze he g owing ele ance o he concep o he cou and i s
sp ead in con empo a y Li huanian. By e e ing o he Co pus o Con empo a y Li huanian
Language de eloped by he Cen e o Compu a ional Linguis ics o Kaunas Vy au as Magnus
Uni e si y, i was es ablished ha 28 wo ds ha we e o med om he noun sąjūdis di ec ly
o om he o ma ions o his wo d a e used in Li huanian: 14 nouns, 12 adjec i es, one e b,
and one ad e b. These wo ds a e discussed om he pe spec i e o wo d o ma ion in he
a icle by p o iding hei meanings, o ms, equency o usage, and sou ces. Fo he sake o
compa ison, examples ound h ough he web sea ch engine Google a e p o ided. KEYWORDS:
o ma ions o he wo d sąjūdis, su ixal de i a i es, p e ixal de i a i es, compound wo ds,
le el o wo d- o ma ion.
S aipsniai / A icles 145
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
1.The ollowing able is inse ed:
Language, as long as i is ali e and con inues o be he mos impo an means o
communica ion be ween membe s o socie y, is g adually changing. The mos apid
dalį i eiškiasi a ski ų elemen ų išnykimu, pasikei imu a a si adimu. Iš isų
and easies o no ice is he eme gence o new wo ds. The phenomena we e he
(U bu is 1978: 27). Pag indinė naujų žodžių a si adimo p iežas is – nauji eiš-
kiniai, naujos e ybės, kul ū os i pasaulio paki imai. Vienas iš okių s a bių
Li huanian Pe si a kymo Sąjūdis. On June 3, 1988, a an e en held in he hall o he
Li huanian Academy o Sciences, a which he d a Cons i u ion o he LSSR was
conside ed, a p oposal was made o o m an ini ia i e g oup o he Li huanian
P og essi e Socialis Pa y. Soon he Union, widely suppo ed and suppo ed by all
sec ions o socie y, became a eal poli ical o ce. On Oc obe 22-23, 1988 in Vilnius, he
ounding cong ess o he Li huanian P og essi e Socialis Pa y ook place, which
shaped he Socialis Pa y as a social mo emen . On 23 Augus 1989, on he 50 h
anni e sa y o he Molo o -Ribben op Pac , he Li huanian Socialis Pa y,
oge he wi h he Es onian and La ian People's F on s, in i ed he inhabi an s o
he occupied Bal ic S a es o he Bal ic Way ac ion, du ing which 2 million people,
demanding independence, joined an unb oken chain om Vilnius o Tallinn. This ac ion
showed ha he es o a ion o he independence o he h ee Bal ic S a es is
sough no only by na ional mo emen s, bu also by he na ions hemsel es. On 11
Ma ch 1990, he Li huanian P og essi e Pa y, aking ad an age o he o mal
democ acy o he USSR, he publici y and democ a iza ion announced by he
e o ms, was able o peace ully es o e he independence o Li huania. Since hen,
he wo d sąjūdis has been widely used in Li huanian. The ex o he cu en
Li huanian language (DLKT) compiled by he Compu e Linguis ics Cen e o
Vy au as Magnus Uni e si y in Kaunas2 p o ides examples o 9084 di e en o ms o he wo d.
The aim o his s udy is o examine he concep o consanguini y in he Li huanian language, o
examine he o igin o he wo d consanguini y, o de e mine he means o consanguini y. 2 A ailable
on he In e ne : h p: donelai is. du.l [ iewed om 2018 012018 05]. 3 This opic is discussed in
acco dance wi h he long- e m p og am o he Seman ic and Economic Linguis ics G oup o he
Cen e o Seman ic and Economic Linguis ics Resea ch o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e,
conduc ing esea ch on he ideological na a i e o mode n iden i y. The aim o he p og am is o
in es iga e lexical and seman ic changes and hei causes, as well as s uc u al changes, in o de
o ind ou wha linguis ic changes a e ele an o he ideological na a i e o mode n iden i y, so
ha i is possible o compile a publicis ic ex and a new ocabula y o mode n iden i y.
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
The Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica LXXIX is he mos commonly used in he c ea ion o
new wo ds, wha o ms a e mos commonly used, how o en and in wha sou ces
hey a e used. A e desc ibing he cases ound, he seman ic ields o he
chemical compounds a e de e mined. The aim is o con ibu e o he cu en s a e
o new wo d making and polynomial esea ch. In examining hese wo ds, he
desc ip i e analy ical and g amma ical me hod will be used o es ablish he concep
sios analizės me odai, aip pa žodžių da ybos i seman inė analizė. Apibend i-
o conjuga ion in he Li huanian language, and s aS aps will mainly be based on
is iškai apibend in i y imo duomenys bus pa eikiami len elėje i diag amose.
examples om he DLKT. I he wo d DLKT is used only once, an example is p o ided
o compa ison using he Google In e ne sea ch engine. A o al o 441 examples
we e collec ed: 380 examples om he DLKT ( om he g oce y s o e, black ma ke ,
adminis a i e li e a u e, publici y sou ces) and 61 examples om he In e ne .
2. Types o Wo d o Mou h
Changes ela ed o he ypes o p onuncia ion bes e lec he change in he p onuncia ion sys em
o all wo ds. Al hough he means o wo d p oduc ion ha e ha dly changed, he e is a ce ain
de elopmen in he p oduc i i y o he ypes o p oduc ion, which p o ides language esea che s
wi h aluable in o ma ion abou he gene al p ocesses o language de elopmen . Recen ly, mo e
a en ion has been paid o speci ic a eas o wo d-making. Saulius Amb azas s udied he de elopmen
o he a o wo d making (Amb azas 1993, 2000). Gied ius Subačius s udied he ocabula y o he
Polish language by Simon Daukan he G ea (Subačius 1993). S asys Keinys ocuses on he c ea ion o
e ms and in he book Bend inė lie u ių kalbos žodžių da yba (1999) p o ides a sys ema ic
synch onized image o he c ea ion o wo ds. Jolan a Vaskelienė has paid a lo o a en ion o
synonyms in he wo ks (Vaskelienė 2000, 2002, 2004; Vaskelienė, K ašy ė 2006; Vaskelienė, Kučinskienė
2012). Judi a Džežulskienė (2001) is in e es ed in mobile hings. The o ma ion o po en ials and p oxies
is discussed by Ju gi a Mikelionienė (2002), and G ažina Akelai ienė (1996) desc ibed he mo phological
ha m o owels in wo d composi ion. Ju gi a Gi čienė is esea ching he co espondence o new
loans and new wo ds (Gi čienė 2005, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013). Naujažodžius i ia and Dai a Mu mulai y ė
(2014, 2016a, b) and he Li huanian language's new wo ds duomenyno (online: 4 I since ely hank he
e iewe s o he e y aluable commen s, especially o he e iewe who ad ised on he ques ion
o wo d making.
5
Di e en unny wo ds and o ms a e sea ched o .
A icles o he 147 h
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
The ilm is di ec ed by Ri a Miliūnai ė (2014, 2015). The mo phology o new loanwo ds
was s udied by Ju gis Pake ys (2013). Daik a a dis is no an o dina y wo d, i is a
wo d in, mo e p ecisely, a e b, made om he p e ix e b o eel o mo e. In he
elec onic e sion o he Li huanian dic iona y (www.lkze), h ee wo d
mo emen s a e p o ided; 2. shaking, shaking, shaking: The e was such a commo ion
sąjūdis eikšmės: 1. isuomeninis sujudimas, judėjimas: Sąjūdis y a su elk inis
ha e e yone an away; 3. mo emen : The i s ice ial (Ul ydas, edi o , 1981: 17 ).
The i s is he collec i e public mo emen , he Na ional Cou . 2. mo emen ,
ba inės lie u ių kalbos žodyne ( oliau – DLKŽ) pa eik os ik d i žodžio sąjūdis
wis ing: The g ea es judgmen in he whole sodji (Keinys, ed., 2000: 670 ). Tha
wo d no only changed he whole his o y o Li huania, bu also en iched he
Li huanian language wi h new wo ds6.
In his a icle, he wo ds p ima ily discussed a e classi ied acco ding o he way hey a e made. The ole
o wo d o ma ion can be said o be he mos impo an way o en iching he ocabula y, whe eby new
wo ds a ise om exis ing ones, in a way changing hei mo phological s uc u e. In he g amma o he
Li huanian language and in he cu en g amma o he Li huanian language, he di ision o he ways o
making wo ds gi en in A icle 7 is dis inguished only by p eposi ions, p e ixes, endings, e bs and ad e bs.
Some linguis s, such as Vincas U bu is, S asys Keinys, among o he s, in hei wo ds, "basic" and "pu e"
me hods o making, also indica e a pai o seconda y mix u es, i.e. he me hods o making p e-d ying and
s eaming-d ying. We ha e a mixed way o doing hings when wo di e en ways o doing hings a e
immedia ely exp essed in he wo d do. P e ix-sub ixa ion includes p e ixes and su ixes, which a e no
accompanied by co esponding p e ixes and su ixes only (U bu is 1978: 289). I is doub ul whe he i is
app op ia e o dis inguish a mixed way o doing hings, especially i among he examples o
p eposi ions-p eposi ions gi en a e hose nex o which only he ele an p eposi ions a e widely used
(e.g., ai y ale and wedding - Google p o ides 48,000 and 239,000 cases o he use o all pa adigms
espec i ely), and, as he linguis s hemsel es say, he ole o hese ways o doing hings in Li huanian
language is small (U bu is, 1978: 290; Keinas, 1999: 23). Some o he wo ds desc ibed in he a icle ha e bo h a
p e ix and a p e ix o ha e a p e ix and a e plu al. This would sugges ha hey a e a mixed e b, bu he
e y common use o he co esponding p eposi ional o ms indica es ha he wo d is a p edica e o a
p edica e o p edica e, only he p edica e is o a highe deg ee ( o he deg ee o a p edica e, see no e
10).
8 […]Name[…] is a compound wo d wi h an a ixed o m. I s species is de e mined by he na u e o i s
a ix. The main ool o making, he ail, he side. The o man o he on al ligamen s consis s
ei he o he on al ligamen alone o o a speci ic end, which in his case is a seconda y ool o
p oduc ion. Since p e ixes a e ela ed o p e ixes in hei o igin, he classi ica ion o de i a i es
adop ed in adi ional his o ical wo d p oduc ion, acco ding o which wo ds made wi h p e ixes a e
assigned o dū inių, is some imes s ill ollowed (Mo kūnas, pa ., 2008: 590). Fo example, Aldona
Paulauskienė belie es ha he concep o a dū īn should be expanded o include p eposi ional nouns
(Paulauskienė 1994: 49, 88).
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
148 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX 2008: 121) and, inally, wo ds which, o ce ain
ada sudu iniai žodžiai9 ( oks ski s ymas y a įsi i inęs lie u ių kalbo y oje, ž .
Ul ydas, y . ed., 1965: 253 ; U bu is 1978: 283 ; Paulauskienė 1994: 48 ;
Amb azas, ed., 1996: 86; Keinys 1999: 22 ; Ružė 2008: 12 ; Mo kūnas, pa .,
easons, could no be assigned o a speci ic g oup o p oduce s. The wo ds o each
g oup a e desc ibed in alphabe ical o de , he meaning o each is indica ed, he
deg ee o p oduc ion, wi h wha o m o p oduc ion he wo d is made, wha o ms
a e used in he Li huanian language and in wha sou ces hey a e used.
2.1. The wedding eas
The examples ound in he DLKT show ha he wo d sujūdis is mainly made up o he wo ds 9 o he
p ecep s o he Vedas; O hese, 6 a e hi d-deg ee de i a i es and 3 a e ou h-deg ee de i a i es11. A
hi d-deg ee e dic , a e dic o oa h, made om he wo d oa h. I is used h ee imes in he DLKT: . g.
dgs. . o m […] 2 imes, g. o m […] 1 ime. The p e ix -el ediniai deno es he same hing as he oo wo d,
bu usually o a di e en size (usually […] smalle ) o a leas p onounced in such a way as o e eal he
e alua ion o he subjec and he emo ions associa ed wi h i (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 87), e.g. 9 […]Dū inys […]
da inys, o mally and seman ically based on wo independen wo ds. The o m o he e b he e is he
o mal combina ion o wo wo ds in o one, and he basis o he e b is he wo e bs ha ake he o m
o he s ems o wo ds, he ull wo ds, o he al e na e o ms o wo ds. The de i a i es o a pa o a
language can be g ouped in mo e de ail acco ding o which pa s o he language he basic wo ds o one o
he o he sound belong o (Mo kūnas, pa ., 2008: 148 ). U bani sugges s using he e ms i s , second, o
hi d deg ee e bs o indica e how many e b s ages make up a wo d (see U bani 1978: 89 ). Plg. wi h he
e ms sugges ed by Adele Valeckienė p ima y, seconda y (and so on) p eposi ions: […]In one wo d he e
may be no one, bu wo o mo e de i a i e p eposi ions, bu hey a e no o he same line. When o ming
a wo d, only one p e ix is always added. I a wo d is made om an un es ed wo d, he p eposi ion
a ached o i s oo is called he i s one. When a wo d is made om a Vedic wo d ha al eady has one
p e ix, he new p e ix is added a e he i s and is called he second p e ix and so on. (Valeckienė 1998:
301) This is a e y impo an poin . Howe e , he concep o o man s o he same (no he same)
p oduc ion s ep is used wi h A. Paulauskienė (see Paulauskienė 1994: 49) and he sugges ion o S. Keinis o
indica e he numbe o p oduc ion s eps (see Keinys 1999: 31, 106). The e ms p oposed by V. U bucius a e
used in he a icle, because hey mo e accu a ely indica e he cou se o he wo d making and he deg ee
o di e en me hods o making can be named in one e m. 11 I will be ecalled ha he wo d "judgmen "
i sel is a seconda y concep . 12 In he ex , heading wo ds (adjec i es and ad e bs) a e p esen ed in he
neu al o m […] ns. g. . ( he excep ion is he wo d desąjūdiza ion, which is he mo o o g. daik a a dis
and canno be p onounced o he wise).

S aipsniai / A icles 149
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
1) Jie ik jaučia sąžinės įpa eigojimą, a ba isuomeninės sąmonės beldimąsi, a -
I 's a na ional esponsibili y call, some imes like a oice om hea en: go, do,
mo e. They ind simila eelings, hough s, anxie ies, bu owing in o
emo ions and aking ac ion: hey change hei li es - hey become clea , hey
become pe ec , hey mo e, hey c ea e a new a mosphe e. The TAC
2) F om a his o ical poin o iew, he a heis s o med as a communi y and
became an o ganiza ion. Some imes b igh e , some imes no so, as he
o ganiza ion de eloped. The TAC
All he examples a e used in one publicis sou ce - Gediminas Mikelaičius' book
"Tolyn in ime, deep in he ca e"... kun. S asys Yla in w i ings and memoi s. Since
Kun. S. Yla li ed e en be o e he o ma ion o he Sąjūdži, he wo d used in he
sou ce wi h he Li huanian Pe si a kymo Sąjūdži is no ela ed. This idea is
con i med by he ollowing examples o compound nouns ound on he In e ne :
3) The mos impo an obs acle was and s ill is ou di ision in o iendships,
iendships, compounds, and compounds. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
4) Now, I da e say his is happening wi hou malice. This is ela ed o ce ain
egionalis eelings and ends in Eu ope, as de ined by he Con en ion o he
P o ec ion o Na ional Mino i ies. And his o ically, i 's clea ha he goal was o
pa cel ou Li huania, and ha 's i . The Commission he e o e concludes ha he
aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c)
o he T ea y. a judge […] a hi d-deg ee judge, a cou o p eceden , made om
a cou o a gi en name. I is used 32 imes in he DLKT: 3 imes in he […] mo . g.
ns. The o m, he o m, he o m. . o m […] 2 imes, and g. o m […] 1 ime, . g.
dgs. . o m […] 10 imes, k. o m […] 8 imes, n. o m […] 2 imes, g. and in. o ms […]
3 imes each. O he examples ound by DLKT, 29 we e published in publica ions, 2 in
ic ion and 1 in adminis a i e li e a u e. These ma iages ma k he a ilia ion
o pe sons acco ding o ideology o ac i i y o some kind o communi y o a
leas one million Li huanian inhabi an s. On Monday, his ini ia i e was p esen ed
nių elkiniui (ž . Amb azas, ed., 1996: 140):
5) S eigiamojo su ažia imo delega ai a s o a o 180 ūks ančiams žmonių. Ta-
o he P esiden by he judges.
The TAC
Vienu a eju šis daik a a dis pa a o as ki a eikšme – kaip sa ai aščio
he name:
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
150 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX
7) The cul u al council […]Sąjūdiečiai[…] seeks o ha e ep esen a i es o he
public […] councillo s in he cou s. The TAC
The D.L.K.G. s a es ha he adjec i es deno ing he a ilia ion o pe sons by
ideology o ac i i y o a g oup o people a e usually nouns, and he usual meaning o
wo ds o med wi h his p e ix is he names o pe sons om hei owns, owns,
illages, o su names. Judicial - a ou h-deg ee e dic , a sea ch o a e dic ,
made om he wo d judge. The name is used eigh imes in he Bible, including in he
New Tes amen . . o m […] 3 imes, g. o m […] 1 ime, and g. ns. . o m […] 1 ime, k.
o m […] 2 imes, and g. dgs. In he o m o […] 1 ime. Fi e examples can be ound in
publicis ic sou ces, wo in non-li e a y li e a u e sou ces and one in adminis a i e
li e a u e sou ces. This adjec i e has wo meanings:
• in he sense o simila i y, whe e i is ma ked no as some hing, bu as who, wha
(See also Amb azas, ed., 1996: 207):
8) I was no possible o a ac any "decei ed o e s" o he Pa io ic Union.
Unless a pa o he o es was "sepa a ed" om he o he s, in judicial
e minology, he pa ies o he "pa isans" a gued ha he wo-pa y
sys em "could no di ide he o es". The TAC
• a signi ican essen ial ea u e o a hing, whe e a hing said wi h a
keywo d o ms he essence, he basis o a hing exp essed wi h a keywo d
(see Amb azas, ed., 1996: 207):
9) A he ime, i was jus a heo y, because he whole p ess was o ally
ideological, judgmen al. Tha 's how we unde s ood ou mission - o w i e
some hing impo an and meaning ul o Li huanian his o y. The TAC
The DLKG s a es ha […] he mos common is he sea ch, […]and he p e ix o he
adjec i es o he adjec i es o he adjec i es o he adjec i es […]simila o he
basic wo d o he adjec i e […] (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 207). Such a meaning is no
ound in he adjec i es o he e b. Judge […] a hi d-deg ee judge, a judge o he
ju y, made o a judgmen o a gi en wo d. In ac , he wo d " hing" is used 234
Ras i ik 4 mo . g. daik a a džiai: ns. . o ma jie pa a o i 3 ka us, įn. o ma –
imes in he Bible. One ime. Vy . g. o ms a e much mo e common. The singula
o ms a e used much less equen ly han he plu al ones. This noun is used in all
chee ul (excep .) o ms: ns. . o m changed 28 imes, k. […] 6, n. […] 2, g. […] 5,
in o […] 2 imes. The Dgs. The . o m is epea ed 78 imes, he k. […] 73 imes, he n.
[…] 13 imes, he g. […] 17 imes, he in. o m […] 6 imes. 210 examples ound in jou nalis ic sou ces,
A icles by A icles 151
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
18 […] In he sou ces o ine li e a u e, i e examples can be ound in adminis a i e
oje, ienas – neg ožinės li e a ū os šal inyje. Šie ediniai žymi asmens (asme-
li e a u e) he name o he pe son (o g oup o people) whose companion and
ollowe is he pe son men ioned in he Vedas (see Amb azas, ed., 1996: 114). A
pe son who is a membe , suppo e o ollowe o he Union is called a
daik a a džiu sąjūdininkas: 10) I is clea only ha oday's Li huanian s a e is no
uled by i s ci izens, much less by he sąjūdininkai. When I w i e "go e nmen ", I do
no mean he p esence o speci ic people in powe , bu wha ac ually de e mines
he na u e and di ec ion o a coun y's li e and de elopmen . The TAC
11) Pipynė lea ned ha he Union al eady had i s own people in he Sup eme Council,
ha i published a newspape and appea ed on ele ision sc eens. A e he
lec u e, when he p isone was handed he box, Jonah Pippen's hea was illed
wi h pain. DLKT O en he noun has a punc ua ion wo d and is speci ic, e.g. Kaunas
Klaipėda judges, he i s eal judges, he mos pe sis en judges, he judges o
he Uni e si y, he younges old judges, he o me judges o oday. Like he
e m "judge", such ma iages a e conside ed no ices (see Amb azas, ed., 1996: 114).
The ou h-deg ee ju y, he ju y's ju y, made om he name o he objec . This
adjec i e is used only once in DLKT. In he publicis ic sou ce, i is used by . g. dgs.
. o m and has he meaning […]being, usual, a ibu ed o he basic wo d o he
hing said, ela ed o ha hing[…] (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 207 12)): In a mon h almos
no hing is done o deal wi h o eign policy ma e s. Unionis p opaganda in he
Eas o in he Wes canno ep esen o eign policy in he eyes o
co esponden s. The e a e many mo e examples o his on he In e ne , e.g. 13)
Many people hoped ha i would change e e y hing. In o de o do ha , you eally
need he de e mina ion o a judge, he abili y o admi mis akes and se clea
goals. Sie ynas co-au ho o edi o o he daily li e a y almanac. (h ps:
www. acebook.com/ma ijampolesmuziejus.l pos s (1224063731004328) a cou o
law […] a hi d-deg ee injunc ion, an oa h - a cou o law, made om a cou o
law. The name is used o y- wo imes in he Bible, c . 1 Co .
14) P isimenu salėje bu ojusį Da ių Kuolį, ada jis bu o ienas iš sąjū-
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
152 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX . o m […] 7 imes, n. o m […] 1 ime once,
g. o m […] 6 imes, . o m […] 10 imes, g. […] 2 imes, . […] 1 ime, by he au ho g.
1 ka ą, mo . g. dgs. . o ma – 8 ka us, y . g. ns. . o ma – 4 ka us, k. –
dgs. k. and g. o ms […] one a a ime. Ten examples can be ound in publicis ic
sou ces, one each in ine and non- ine li e a u e sou ces. Se e al conjuga e
meanings o he adjec i e used by DLKG can be dis inguished:
• […]made, pe o med, acqui ed, ob ained, a ising in he way ha is said in he
basic wo d[…] (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 212): 15) Pe haps we can ace in he wo k some
aces o he spi i o ime: he ension be o e he sense and so on? I'm i ed o
i . In hese coun ies, you can ind om a ew o a dozen pa liamen a y and
non-pa liamen a y g oups ha eme ge om join s uc u es. The TAC
• belongs o a hing men ioned in he base wo d, ela ed o ha hing (pe son,
collec i e, meaning, a ea, e c.). (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 211): 16) A e he i s
ound o elec ions, he Conse a i es in end, depending on he si ua ion, o
suppo o he people, acco ding o hem, in he coali ion. The TAC
• […]being, occu ing, occu ing a he ime indica ed by he oo wo d,
ecu ing, occu ing in he mos signi ican ime in e als o he oo wo d[…]
(Amb azas, ed., 1996: 212):
V. Daunio's aes he ics, o ien ed owa ds he ha mony o he c ea o 's
mo ali y and c ea i i y, had a g ea impac on he ise o he communi y and
he i s yea s o independence. The TAC
• ha ing a dis inc i e ea u e consis ing o he hings said in he base wo d
(Amb azas, edi ed by 1996: 212):
18) Who else will w i e, who will sign, who in gene al will da e o engage in any, say,
c iminal-s yle ac i i y? The TAC
• […]Di e en , sui able o he basic wo d meaning some hing[…] (Amb azas, ed.,
1996: 211):
19) The eupho ia o he whole wo ld was mul iplied by he o a ion o he
[…]Sajjuji knowledge[…] lea le s, he […]Re u n[…] men ioned, which in each
dis ic appea ed al e na i es o he usual local newspape , he […]Jewish […] up
o a million when he pa y cu o i s pa h, he sunse o he Bal ic Solida i y,
he pa y ha b oke away om he li ing chain. DLKT conjuga ed […] hi d deg ee
conjuga ion, p e ixed -is conjuga ion, made a e one example ound in a
iš daik a a džio sąjūdis. Jis DLKT pa a o as 3 ka us y . g. dgs. . o ma.
publicis ic sou ce, in a li e a y sou ce and m=1...%2520-%252039k&s a =0)
S aipsniai / A icles 159
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
modload&name=Diskusijos& ile= iew opic& opic=4157& o u-
p e-juga ed […] ou h deg ee conjuga ion, p e-juga ed, made om he
adjec i e conjuga ed. The p e ixes LKG and DLKG a e no dis inguished. Th ee
examples (p e-elec ion li e, p e-elec ion shells, p e-elec ion days) men ion LKG o
p e-elec ion p onouns ha e ain he meaning o he p e ix and he noun and he
ype o he objec being ma ked (Ul ydas, ed., 1965: 591). Ob iously, he p e-elec ion
li e and he p e-elec ion day ma k he ime be o e he ime men ioned by he base
wo d (see also examples om he LKŽ: p e-ad en is , p e-school, p e-pie is ). This
is he meaning o he ou p eposi ions o he DLKT. They' e been eplaced by
mo . g. ns. g. o m, and . g. ns. g. o m, dgs. g. and in o he o m. In he case o
he i s h ee books, he i s one is called "The Las o he Mohicans," and he
second one is called "The Las o he Mohicans," and he hi d one is called "The
Las o he Mohicans," and he hi d one is called "The Las o he Mohicans." The
LKG and DLKG men ion ha he e ka čiais o he p e ix p edaik a a diniai
ediniai ma k a subjec ha is di ec ed agains he main wo d o he subjec
spoken (Ul ydas, ed., 1965: 43 Amb azas, ed., 1996: 148). Nouns ha ha e his meaning
can be easily ound in LKJ, e.g. p e-alcoholic, p e-Ame ican, p e-bonded, p e-bonded,
p e-immig an . The adjec i e o such meaning is ound in DLKT […] i is a . g.
he ollowing pa ag aph is added: o he o m:
46) The ac s known o all indica e ha he o he e hnic school in Kelmė, o
which in he imes o ebi h ains we e d awn by he hund eds as o Mecca,
was ounded by V. Ru kūnas, and he idea came om he p e-Sy ian
e hno-en husias ic ga he ing in Rumšiškės. The TAC
2.3. Compound wo ds
The 8 h le e o he G eek alphabe is "sujud," which is a compound wo d.
[…]Li huanian wo ds always consis o wo independen wo ds combined in o one;
This dis inguishes hem om he Vedas, which, wi h p eposi ions, endings, o
p e ixes, a e made up o a single oo wo d. O hese compound wo ds, 5 a e
ou h-deg ee de i a i es and 3 a e hi d-deg ee de i a i es. They' e all nouns.
One o he h ee adjec i es is he wo d conjunc ion, which is he second
adjec i e o he wo du s and he i s o he wo du s. O he 3 dungeons seconda y

VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
160 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX
sandas y a žodis sąjūdininkas, 1 dū inio – sąjūdie is, 1 dū inio – daik a a dis
he ju y. Acco ding o V. U bu ius, compound nouns con aining a leas one e b,
a ising om a p e ixed noun, a e a e and […] such e bs (especially wi h b igh e ,
longe p eposi ions con aining e bs) should be ega ded as excep ions[…]
(U bu ius 1961: 75). Howe e , he ac ha only 5 ou o 8 o he DLK's indings a e
used, he second o which is a p eposi ion, does no allow us o ag ee wi h his.
second-deg ee ju is […] a ou h-deg ee ju is , composed o he nume al second
and he noun ju is . "Ou o he nume al and noun-wo d compound nouns, he
lexical meaning o which oughly coincides wi h he meaning o he e b, he second
(noun) noun ells wha is in mind, and he i s (noun) noun indica es he numbe and
o de o ha noun" (U bu is 1961: 92). Acco ding o V. U bu ius, he g ea e pa
o hese ypes o compound nouns a e no ices (see U bu is 1961: 91). This a icle
has been epublished once in he publicis ic sou ce […] y . g. dgs. in he o m. He
poin s o "second gene a ion" judges, i.e. hose o he la e Sąjūdžio pe iod
(examples o such judges canno be ound on websi es):
47) Landsbe g's "p omo ion" has been u ned in o a headline o jou nalis s who
a e su e ing... I I we e o e ed mo e esponsible du ies, I would no e use
hem... Tylu, because he e a e no such posi ions in Li huania ye . A e ha , he
Landsbe gis o ices - he p ess, adio, ele ision and o he media - a e paid o
om he s a e budge . They a e shou ing in unison: We need p esiden ial ule! Well,
he du ies ha e al eady a isen, bu he en i onmen has no eac ion. DLKT is a
hi d-deg ee ecosys em, consis ing o he adjec i e ecological abb e ia ion and
he noun ecosys em. "F om he adjec i e and he noun o be made in o compound
nouns, he lexical meaning o which oughly coincides wi h he meaning o he e b,
he i s (noun) conjunc ion gi es ise o a cha ac e is ic ea u e o he e b,
dis inguishing i om o he hings o he same kind o g oup (men ioned in he
second noun) " (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 154). DLKT his dish is cooked 1 ime. He's he
ule o he g. .s. The o m is adap ed om a publicis 's sou ce and indica es ha
sąjūdžio ūšį:
48) Ši miela jaunų žmonių ilniečių šeimynėlė gy ena Užupyje. Tad nenus ebau,
hey wan o u n he Tymo qua e in o a ma ke o en i onmen ally iendly
p oduc s. The ecosys em o young people. When Sol eiga ealized ha I did no use
much cosme ics and ha I was e y ca e ul in my choice o cosme ics, she immedia ely sen me a lis o cosme ics ha I should use.
šą liūdnai paga sėjusių plačiai naudojamų E papildų, ku ių eikė ų eng i.
The TAC
S aipsniai / A icles 161
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
Two examples can be ound on he In e ne : in one case, he ecosys em is
w i en oge he , and in he o he , […] sepa a ely. As he examples show, his
wo d is no ela ed o he Li huanian Pe si a kymo Sąjūdžiu:
49) In he nea u u e, an in e iew wi h Riman Pilecko, he head o he
Kapčiamiesčiai dai y indus y, will be published in he newspape
"G eenzien" o he ecosys em, in which no only he Kapčiamiesčiai dai y
indus y will be p esen ed, bu also he u adija melody, in which ees and
sh ubs a e g own. (h ps: dzukuzinios.l ) Republic o Spain
50) Public ins i u ion […]Eko Sąjūdis[…], Še mukšnių g., 6A, Vilnius ci y, Vilnius ci y
council, LT-01:106 (h ps.www.118.l /imones/ iesoji-is aiga-eko-sajudis
8227058)
libe alsąjūdie is […] ou h deg ee composi ion composed o he libe als o he
dis ic and he dis ic judge16. […]Compound nouns, made om wo compound
nouns, a e usually de inable (de e mina i e) acco ding o he ela ionship be ween
he meanings o he e bs: one e b de ines he o he by na owing i s meaning, so
he common meaning o such a compound noun is na owe han i s main (de ining)
e b[…] (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 151). The wo d "libe al" is used nine imes in he Bible.
o m: . […] 5 imes, k. […] 2, n. and in. […] one a a ime. All examples can be ound in
jou nalis ic sou ces. The second ca ego y o hese Vedas indica es he a ilia ion
o indi iduals acco ding o hei ideology, ac i i ies o some people's ne wo k (see
Amb azas, ed., 1996: 140), and he i s classi ies he meaning, indica ing a speci ic
pa y, i.e.
The Libe al Pa y, o example. I would like o hank he appo eu , M Belde , o his cons uc i e wo k in b inging o he o e he in e im epo on he Eu opean Consensus o De elopmen , and I look o wa d o hea ing his iews in his House.
51) Las week, he Conse a i es, he Libe als, he Cen e Pa y, he Social Democ a s, he
Democ a s, he People's Pa y and he Labou Pa y adop ed a new Highe Educa ion Ac in he Sejm.
DLKT 16 I was o iginally hough ha he noun libe alsjūdie is is a p e ix -ie is edinys, made om he
noun libe alsjūdis (al hough he noun libe alsjūdis is no used, examples can be ound on he In e ne :
Libe alsjūdis s a ed a o al o ensi e in he Ne he lands, because o he close-kni
pa y-newcome s-libe al-mo emen s-poli ical-compe i o s-black- echnology-commen s); Libe als, who
panašu, ki aip nepe šoks ų jiems eikalingų kelių p ocen ų (h p://www. e.l /naujienos/lie u a/lie-
ha e become he cle ks o he Conse a i es (a g oup o hi ed spec a o s, loudly chan ing o singing
he eggae), claim ha he Minis e o Cul u e is hei s. I can also be s a ed ha he e a e p ime
minis e s (h ps:
www.del i.l /news/ ingas/li /nlasiene- n -his o y-a sakymai-slypi-giliau.d?id=57125879)). Howe e , he
numbe o uses o he combina ion o he wo ds "libe al concep " and "libe al concep " p o ided by
he Google sea ch engine indica es ha "libe al concep " is a palind ome.
gin i su Libe alų sąjūdis, labai e ai a ojamas. Todėl nusp ęs a daik a a dį libie alsąjūdie is laiky i
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
162 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
52) Howe e , he pos le by he libe als emains acan because i was se up
o he opposi ion, only none o he opposi ion ep esen a i es wan o wo k wi h he ule s.
DLKT libe als ju is a ou h-deg ee o ma ion consis ing o he noun libe als
and he noun ju is . The e m "libe al" is used only wice: . o m and . g. dgs.
he o m. Examples can be ound in jou nalis ic sou ces. The second ank o
hese Vedas ma ks he name o a pe son (o g oup o people) acco ding o ha
pe son (o g oup o people) whose sidekick and ollowe is he pe son men ioned
in he Vedas (c . Amb azas, ed., 1996: 11), and he i s one na ows he meaning
by indica ing a pa icula pa y, i.e. The Libe al Democ a ic Pa y (LDP) has
announced ha i will se up a pa liamen a y commi ee o inqui y o
in es iga e he scandal, which will be chai ed by And ius Kubilius, a membe o
he Libe al Democ a ic Pa y (LDP) and a membe o he Na ional Assembly, Algis
Kašūnas. DLKT 54) This is essen ially because he poli ical p inciple in he
ac i i ies o he leade s o he conse a i e and libe al on s hemsel es,
which mus be clea ly implemen ed by he e o ms o he egimes, is e y
lacking, and he di e ence be ween he la e 's phone ic desc ip ions and he
eal ac i i ies is e en mo e ob ious in he eyes o he ans. The TAC
The ac ha his noun is widely used in he Li huanian language is shown no only by
examples on websi es, bu also by he ac ha i is included in he Li huanian
language's new ocabula y da abase.
libe alsjūdis as a ou h-deg ee o ma ion consis ing o he noun libe als and he
noun sąjūdis as. The e m "libe al lawye " is used only once, by he DLKT. The o m
is gi en in a publicis 's sou ce. Howe e , a e he e any ac ions ha could acili a e
he cou se o he coali ion nego ia ions? No doub abou i . Fi s o all, he
jus (ž . Amb azas, ed. 1996: 123), o pi masis susiau ina eikšmę, nu odydamas
willingness o he smalle poli ical o ces (libe als, cen is s, social libe als,
ci izens, pe haps e en people's) o nego ia e and wo k wi h bo h he u u e
coali ion nego ia ing pa ies and he conse a i es, and he social-libe als.
demok a ais. DLKT
On he In e ne , he e m "libe al lawye " is used:
A icles o he T ea y
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
56) In he pas , i was necessa y o uni e wi h he libe als while bo h pa ies
we e s ill in powe , bu he ambi ions o he leade s did no allow i . And now he
libe al-cen is s a e no longe in e es ed in he libe als. (h ps:
www. 3.l /comen a ii775061/keleos-desim ys-plunges-libe alcen is u-pe ejo-i--
libe alu-sajudi) 57) The libe als ha e ne e been o he lo io, so i can be assumed
ha i ching is no some hing o be p icked up. The Commission he e o e
concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning
o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
As men ioned abo e, he meaning o he whole ype o wo k can be in luenced by
he indi idual meanings o he wo ds belonging o ha ype o wo k, and he
meanings o neu al wo ds can some imes acqui e a diminu i e and a diminu i e
meaning, e.g., 58) You li e will imp o e when you look a he LSDP lis . And i you
don' belie e ha , you'll ha e o wai o he Paksians and he libe als o come up
wi h a lis . Fo hose who will be elec ed o powe in he sp ing, li e will imp o e.
The Commission is also p oposing o ex end he scope o he egula ion o co e
he whole o he Eu opean Union.
59) F ankly speaking, he mos app op ia e use o he unds alloca ed o he
MEP om Li huania would be he libe al lawye G. Na ai is. Take a axi o 500
li as o Kaunas o mee he den is s. Fo 800 li as, he ook a oom a he Ho el
Palanga o mee wi h he o e s o he conse a i e P. Zheym, and o 600 li as,
he hid om he ligh s a nigh in T aku. Damn i , G. Na ai is would ce ainly no
emba ass us in he Eu opean Pa liamen . Su ely no one he e would ha e asked
him wha he hell he had done wi h such a igu e in a spo s club o a housand
li as o who he was o A. Milne's "Mike Pucuo ukas". This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Wha 's you name?
The e is no ob ious seman ic di e ence be ween he wo ds libe al Jew, libe al
Jew and libe al Jew. Only he wo d libe alsjūdis as (as he p e iously discussed
sąjūdis as) can ha e a de oga o y meaning. libsąjūdis a hi d-deg ee o ma ion
consis ing o he sho ened wo d libe alai and he wo d daik a a dis. DLKT This
wo d is used only once in he publicis ic sou ce […] y . g. ns. The "K" s ands o
"Libe al."
The name o he Socialis Pa y:
60) Populis inės pa ijos p ime a žaidimo aisykles, panašiai kaip didieji p eky-
The bosses a e shoo ing a he small e aile s. Tha 's he way i is, and ha 's he way i 's gonna be.
džio a ei is isiškai p iklausys nuo p. Auš e ičiaus poli inio kūno sugebėji-
mų. DLKT
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX 164 This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
On websi es such as Libsąjūdis aps u, e.g. 61) a ep esen a i e o Libsąjūdžio
claims ha he o me social libe al membe o he Sejm Gediminas Jaka onis,
whose assis an A noldas Bu kus, who owns UAB Ve slo a as, has hi ed Alg
Kašė ą No. 2 behind he back o he i al. (h ps:
www.al a.l /s aipsnis197029/kase a-jaka oni-kal ina-naudo
jan -juodasias- echnologies) 62) The Libe al Pa y has isen o he op compa ed
o he p e ious elec ions. I don' emembe any o he case whe e one o he
uling pa ies would ha e jumped on he elec ion ligh bulb and I'd s ill be doing my
hing. And he e we ha e an inc edible success. Ea lie Libsąjūdis ecei ed ~5
pe cen o he o es and jus passed he elec o al ca d, and now […] ecei ed ~8
pe cen . (h ps: okiskis.popo.l / aglibcen is ai) is a ou h-deg ee e m o a
new ju is , composed o he adjec i e new and he noun ju is . As men ioned,
he i s syllable o such a syllable gi es he syllable a dis inc i e ea u e ha
dis inguishes i om o he syllables o he same kind o g oup ( e e ed o as
he second syllable) (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 154). DLKT This wo d is used 1 ime in he
publicis ic sou ce […] y . g. dgs. . o m […] and indica es […]new gene a ion[…], i.e.
o a la e pe iod, judges ( he e a e no examples o his du ian on he In e ne ):
63) The e was no men ion o es i u ion in any o he selec ion p og ammes.
Howe e , hese p oblems a ose a e he es o a ion o independence. In
pa icula , hey we e escala ed by he new judges, who, aking ad an age o he
si ua ion and pu suing sel ish goals, d ew one ano he and he o me leade o
he Socialis Pa y o hei side... I has al eady been men ioned ha one o he
sands o such e bs de ines he o he , na owing i s meaning, so ha he
gene al meaning o he e b o such a compound noun is na owe han he
meaning o i s main sand (Amb azas, ed., 1996: 151). DLKT ound only one such
du ian, i is used in he publicis ic sou ce by he edi o o g. ns. In he o m and
indica es he pe iod o he ise o he Union: 64) The head u ns he eyes slide, as
people s ill say, he bo de wi h Poland bo de s, he hospi al is s ill hea ily
gua ded o wen y yea s in he bo de se ice o Majo Galuz and o he s om
such imes and s uc u es, whose names we e lis ed a he ea y mee ing in
Vilnius. I 's well gua ded. Unlike he eas e n Li huanian bo de , which was in ended
o be c ossed by he c oss oads o A ū as Skučas, and which is now c ossed by
illegal mig an s om Asia, i is usually only hose wi h expe ience o s o age who
a e de ained. Examples wi h a du ian compound can be ound on he DLKT
websi es:

S aipsniai / A icles 165
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
65) Lukiškių aikš ė y a s a bi Lie u os is o ijai kaip 1863 m. sukilimo p ieš
The place o ememb ance o he dea hs o Z. Sie akauskas and K.
Kalinauskas, he occupan o he Russian sa dom and ma y s. To
commemo a e his e en , a c oss was e ec ed in 1988 and he mask was
immedia ely blown up. (h p: www.p opa ia. l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l .
l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l .
l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l . l .
l . l . l . The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h
he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
2.4. Unclea cases In his chap e , wo ds ha , o some eason, could no be
assigned o a pa icula g oup o e bs will be discussed. he s ages o he design
o he objec name a e no en i ely clea . I could be a i h-deg ee de i a i e, a
nin h p e ix, made om he conjuga ion o a noun17. In he case o de oxi ica ion,
he p e ix would mean sepa a ion, emo al, elimina ion; The mo emen down, he
alling (see Kinde ys, ed., 2001: 145). I is qui e possible ha his wo d has al eady
been made om he p e ix e b desąjūdizuo i(s). In such a case, he wo d
"desjūdiza ion" should be conside ed a p e ix, no a p e ix. Google doesn' p o ide
any examples wi h he wo ds "in e p e a ion" and "in e p e a ion". The e o e,
i is possible ha ano he e sion o he o igin o his noun […] he wo d can be
made by analogy wi h he wo d deso ie iza ion, which is widely used in Li huanian
(Google p o ides
10800 esul s we e ob ained.
DLKT ound only one example o objec -wo d desugges ion - mo . g. ns. he
o m. I is used in he adminis a i e li e a u e sou ce: 67) Please. Membe o
he House o Rep esen a i es B. Genzelis. This is B. GENZELIS. I p opose o
dele e he so-called de-So ie iza ion law so ha he nex e m does no ha e
o adop he "de-So ie iza ion" laws, since we know e y well ha he Union is
no ye ee om he KGB agency, many ac o s a e comp omising he Union.
DLKT
17 „P iesagą -acija u i dauguma isų ų a p au inių žodžių, ku ie gali bū i su okiami kaip eiksma-
he abs ac o he wo d. In his pa o he p ecep , a meaning o he han he meaning o he
ac ion can be assigned, e.g. decla a ion, delega ion, demons a ion, e c. (See also Amb azas, ed.,
1996: 99; see also Ul ydas, ed., 1965: 302 ). They a e made up o e bs.
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
166 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Kad šis žodis nea si ik inis, odo in e ne o s e ainėse as i pa yzdžiai:
68) Na, ą gai ų ėją labai d as iškai užsmaugė „pi miausias iš isų pi mų“, ie oj
A e he de-So ie iza ion, he de-Judi ica ion, and now bo ed in he Eu opean
Pa liamen ! The Eu opean Pa liamen , he Council and he Economic and Social
Commi ee ha e adop ed a numbe o amendmen s o he p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k.
69) A e y app op ia e desc ip ion o an impo an p ocess in Li huania:
DES[…]JUDIZATION!, which, I hink, has al eady been comple ed in Li huania ins ead
o decagebiza ion. (h ps:
www. 3.l /komen a ai/615726/ -gajauskai e-p ie-seimo- a u-issi ikia o-pa ijo-
s) he wo d should be he ou h deg ee o he p e ix, he nin h o he p e ix,
made om he e b sąjūdizuo is18. Howe e , no examples o e b conjuga ion
could be ound on he In e ne . The e o e, i is en i ely possible ha his e b is
made om he desugges ed meaning o he wo d jus discussed.
This is he only o m o e b ound in DLKT, i his e b is used in a publicis ic
sou ce. I is ecalled ha he p e ix does no mean sepa a ion, emo al,
aboli ion; Mo ing down, alling down (see also This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
145. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. He e's an example:
70) Indi idualiza ion is a good hing in i sel . Bu i s end, which is ce ainly
coming soon, will be ei he adical a omiza ion o an indi idualis socie y ha
de ends and p o ec s he igh s o he indi idual in a comple ely conscious
way. O some hing else. The public has a igh o know. The So ie wo k,
b inging people oge he o one pu pose, se ed as a good echnology in
bu ying he Union - he mo emen o a common pu pose. The TAC
Examples wi h o ms o his e b could no be ound on he In e ne .
DLKT inds wo su name adjec i es. As you know, su name adjec i es a e o med om o dina y
ones, added o he su name he, she (Zinke ičius 1957: 5). Some o he unnies o ms ha e e ained
he p imi i e o m o he wo d un il now and a e no di e en om he simple adjec i e and
p onoun he, she o ms, o example, y . g. ns. he o m o a col and a gallan . The e o e, nouns
a e compound wo ds (see Zinke ičius 1957: 17 and he li e a u e ci ed he e). Howe e , mos o he
galė ų bū i laikomi sudu iniais žodžiais. Zigmas Zinke ičius a oja e miną
o ms ha e changed and a e e y a emo ed om he co esponding simple adjec i e and he 18
P iesaga -izo i is cha ac e is ic o e bs ha come om o he languages. "These e bs mean an
ac ion by which someone is gi en some quali y o by which some hing is o he wise eplaced,
in luenced" (Ul ydas, ed., 1971: 249).
A icles o he 167 h
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
I 's called lexion, i 's called lexion, i 's called lexion, i 's become he second o he
pap as ojo kin amosios ypa ybės būd a džio i kai ku ių nekin amosios ypa ybės
adjec i es. Each adjec i e can be made in o a pos -nominal adjec i e by simply
adding he end. Since he addi ion o a owel esul s in a noun o m and no a new
wo d, noun adjec i es canno be assigned o any noun g oup. conjuga e o m o he
adjec i e conjuga e. DLKT has ound one such adjec i e, in a publicis ic sou ce i is
used by he edi o . g. ns. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
he o m:
Who can deny he idea ha he 10 billion c edi line sensa ion was sugges ed ha : Mo ally c ush a
bank ha does no su ende o domes ic and o eign specula o s' p essu e; 2. would ul ima ely
comp omise he s ill un inished LDDP; 3. o aise up in he eyes o he people he expose s o all e ils
- he conse a i es, who, because o hei emp iness and endless nihilism, canno egain hei
judicial popula i y. DLKT As you know, he e a e wo main meanings o su name adjec i es:
deno a i e and empha ic. […] Adjec i es o de ini e meaning deno e a known, de ined objec o
speake s by dis inguishing i om o he objec s, by showing i s species o by saying i s peculia i y
al eady known […] (Ul ydas, ed., 1965: 505), and […] adjec i es o de ini e meaning emphasize he
peculia i y o a known objec […] (p. 509). The na u e o he meanings o adjec i es and s essed
adjec i es is di e en : he o me indica e a known hing, he la e a "known ea u e" (p. 510)20.
In he example gi en, a noun has a ma ked meaning. Examples o his adjec i e can also be ound on
he ollowing websi es: 72) Li huania has es o ed i s na ional s a e, and he laye ing o poli ical
o ces has begun. Fi s o all, he en i e Judicial Seimas (a ha ime s ill he AT) was accused...
(wha do you hink?) o […]sukai ėjimu[…]. (h p: www.g ei as.eu) This is a lis o he Membe S a es
o he Eu opean Union.
eunuomone/gal-kas-gali-man-paiskin i-ka- okio-blogo-pada e-p o lansbe gis-nes-as-kaip-i -nesu-kaz-
ka-skaiciusi-apie-ji-k iminal-i ne-p o lansbe gis-blogesni-uz-b azauska-no s-i -ne-i- ema-be ) he
meaning o he adjec i es: he simple adjec i es dis inguish he adjec i e om he adjec i e, and
he adjec i es dis inguish he adjec i e om he adjec i e om he adjec i e o he o he class.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o
supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
Paulauskienė 1994: 220 ; also known as Paulauskienė
19 „Pag indinį seman inį ski umą a p pap as ųjų i į a džiuo inių būd a džių suda o ski iamoji
1976: 72).
Mo kūnas, pa ., 2008: 230 . This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e .
VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
168 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
73) In 1990 and 1991, he Sup eme Council's judicial majo i y p epa ed and adop ed
s a biausius i bū iniausius Lie u os als ybingumo a kū imo užda inius:
he main laws go e ning he in e nal li e o he coun y and he na ional
economy. (www.l s.l /sip/ge File3?p_ id=6652) he conjuga ed o m o he
adjec i e conjuga ed o m. This adjec i e DLKT is used only once, in he
publicis ic sou ce i is used mo . g. ns. 74) The LDDP has long deba ed whe he o
no o call i sel he opposi ion, and now i seems o be inclined o do so. Such
cla i y, which has long been desi ed by he majo i y in he pa liamen , should be
welcomed. Cla i y would also mean he ma u i y o ou coun y's poli ical li e.
DLKT Examples o his su name adjec i e can be ound on he websi es: 75) -
When LTV "Klausimėlis" was s ill a componen o LTV2 "Lais ės alėjos", i was
only asked in he s ee s o Kaunas. A ha ime, he empo a y go e nmen o
he capi al was e y dissa is ied, because only he Kaunici d ank joking
answe s. I hea d you almos go i ed o ha . Isn' ha igh ? (h ps:
www.lzinios.l /lzinios/p in .php?id=144684) 76) The G ea Hall was ull, some e en
s opped. Fo some eason, all o his eminded me o ou you h oge he . The
Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal
ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
3. he desc ip ion
The e a e h ee conjuga ed meanings o he wo d in LKŽ, and only wo in DLKŽ. This
could mean ha he wo d jūdis has s a ed o be used in a na owe sense and
pe haps e en less equen ly. Howe e , he disco e y o 380 examples in he DLKT
indica es ha 28 wo ds ha e appea ed in he Li huanian language on he basis o he
wo d "conjunc ion". They' e o di e en deg ees o c a smanship. Mos a e
ou h-deg ee de i a i es […] 13, sligh ly ewe hi d-deg ee de i a i es […] 10, and
he leas , as migh ha e been expec ed, a e i h-deg ee de i a i es […] only one (see able).
O all he e bs, he mos equen ly used is […] 234 imes […] DLKT he wo d conjuga e. The less
commonly used adjec i e is […], which is used 42 imes. The less commonly used noun is conjunc i e […]
ound 32 examples21, and 14 wo ds […] ANTRAS[…]JUDININKAS, DES[…]JUDIZACIJA, LIBERALS[…]JUDISTAS,
LIBS[…]JUDIS, NAUjAS[…]JUDINKAS, 21 The e i ica ion p og am Mic oso Wo d ecognizes only
hese h ee o he 28 wo ds mos o en ound
pa a o us.
A icles o he 175 h
Są okos sąjūdis įsišaknijimas lie u ių kalboje
Sa ickienė Ine a 2005: Linksnių a ojimo dažnumas i daik a a džio eikšmė. –
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 52, 59–65.
Sc a ch P anas 1996: The w i ings o Rink 1. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia
publishing house. Subačius Gied ius 1993: New addi ions o he dic iona y o he
Polish-speaking languages by Simon Daukan o: indi idual wo d making. […] Li huanian Renaissance S udies 4. The Vilnius:
The whi e a nish, 135-216.
Ul ydas Kazys, edi o , 1965: G amma o he Li huanian language 1. Phone ics and
mo phology. Vilnius: The Min .
Ul ydas Kazys, edi o , 1971: G amma o he Li huanian language 2. The mo phology. The Vilnius:
The mind.
Ul ydas Kazys, edi o , 1981: Dic iona y o he Li huanian language 12. Vilnius: The
science. U bu is Vincas 1961: The c ea ion o con empo a y Li huanian wo ds o
objec s. […] Cu en Li huanian language. Vilnius: S a e publishing house o poli ical and
65‒121.
scien i ic li e a u e, U bu is Vincas 1978: The heo y o wo d p oduc ion. Vilnius: The
science. Vale ie Wi gens ein is he ounde o he In e na ional Dic iona y o Wo ds.
Fou h amended and supplemen ed au ho isa ion. Vilnius: The wo d.
Valeckienė Adelė 1998: Func ional g amma o he Li huanian language. Vilnius:
Ins i u e o Science and Encyclopedia Publishing
Vasilie a Jol ino a is he au ho o se e al bes selle s. Šiauliai: The publishing
house o Šiauliai Uni e si y. Vasilie a Zheleznyna, he au ho o "Synonyms and
92–101.
s yles o w i ing" […] Linguis ica Le ica 10, Vaskelienė Jolan a 2004: The
unc ioning o synonyms in he wo k. […] Philology 9, 47 and 54.
Vassilienė Jolan a, Kučinskienė Ramunė 2012: Synonyms o he adjec i es o he cu en
Li huanian language. Man and he wo d 14(1), 153161. Vasilie a Jolan a, K ašy ė Regina 2006:
S ylis ic ea u es o synonyms o Li huanian and La ian language wo ks. Li huanian and
La ian ela ed s ylis ic issues. Li huanian and La ian compose s ha e a sense o s yle.
Zinkiewicz-Zygmas, 1957: Cha ac e is ics o he his o y o adjec i es in he Li huanian
295–310.
language. Vilnius: S a e publishing house o poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e.

VESLAVA ČIŽIK-PROKAŠEVA
176 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX
Es ablishmen o he Concep sąjūdis
in Li huanian
Summa y
Based on he Co pus o Con empo a y Li huanian Language (CCLL) de eloped by he Cen e o
Compu a ional Linguis ics o Kaunas Vy au as Magnus Uni e si y, he a icle seeks o
de e mine how he concep o judgmen es ablished i sel in Li huanian. I was de e mined
ha 28 wo ds o igina ed in Li huanian on he basis o he wo d sąjūdis: 14 nouns (one
diminu i e), 12 adjec i es (10 adjec i es o he sho o m, 2 adjec i es o he p onominal
o m), one e b, and one ad e b. These wo ds we e o med on he basis o di e en
wo d- o ma ion pa e ns. They a e p edomina ed by su ixal de i a i es; he numbe o
compound wo ds is sligh ly smalle , whe eas p e ixal de i a i es a e e en less common. The
o ma ions de i ed om he wo d "sujud" demons a e a di e en le el o wo d o ma ion:
he o ma ions o he ou h le el a e mos common. Thi d-le el o ma ions a e less common,
whe eas he o ma ions o he i h le el a e leas common. The wo d magis a e is mos
common; I was used o 234 imes in he CCLL. The adjec i e is much less common; I was used
o 42 imes. The noun sąjūdie is is e en less common; 32 examples we e ound. Fou een wo ds
we e used only once in he co pus. Masculine nouns a e mos commonly used in he CCLL; The e
a e ew eminine nouns. The adjec i es o bo h gende s a e used in equal p opo ions. Nouns
a e usually used in he plu al, whe eas adjec i es a e mo e commonly used in he singula .
I should be no ed ha 26 ou o 28 wo ds o igina ed a e he e en s o 1990 in Li huania and
a e connec ed o hem. Only wo wo ds ha e no connec ion wi h he es o a ion o
Li huania's independence. These wo ds a e usually used in he sou ces o opinion jou nalism
(340 ou o 380 examples); hey a e less common in o he sou ces. A e summa izing all he
wo ds o med on he basis o he wo d sūjūdis, he ollowing ields o meaning can be singled
ou : size, ea u e o ac ion, ac ion, ype, name o objec , ime, name o pe son, peculia
ea u e.
Deli e ed on 6 June 2018
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, Vilnius LT-10308, Lie u a
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