190 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Resea ch a eas include accen ology, dialec ology,
e hnolinguis ics, and lexicog aphy.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
VIETINK[…] KIRČIAVIMO (Spanish p onuncia ion)
POLINKIAI FIET AUKŠTAIČI
ŠNEKTOSE (Polish language, F ench language, Spanish language)
Accen ua ion Tendencies o Loca i e Cases
in he Sou he n Aukš ai ian Subdialec s
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
Based on he w i en sou ces o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y and he beginning o he
21s cen u y, he polynomials o he single-syllable and mul i-syllable inesi e and ilia ic o ms o
he su name o he su names o he su names o he su names o he su names o he
su names o he su names a e examined. The aim o he a icle is o desc ibe he peculia i ies
o he accen o he speake s om a synch onous poin o iew, o explain he easons o
he a ia ion o accen ua ion, o es ablish he a ea p e alence o o ms con aining accen ed
a ian s in he same speech. The s udy showed ha accen analogy, seman ics, inclina ion o
accen a ia ion, and oxy ocin in luence he p onuncia ion o local dialec s used in he
sou he n highland dialec . I u ned ou ha he o ms o he wo-headed assals a e mo e o en w i en in he sou he n and sou he n s anzas.
ESMINIAI WORDS: he sup eme counselo o he sou h, he depu y, he ilia ic, he
inesi e, he ci cumcision a ian .
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The s udy del es in o accen ua ion pa e ns wi hin he loca i e cases […] singula and plu al inessi e
and illa i e […] in he Sou he n Aukš ai ian dialec . I d aws on w i en sou ces spanning he second
hal o he 20 h cen u y o he ea ly 21s cen u y. The a icle aims o desc ibe he accen ua ion
ea u es o he loca i e cases om a synch onic pe spec i e, explain he easons behind accen
di e si ica ion, and map he a eal dis ibu ion o accen ed a ian s wi hin he same subdialec . The
indings e eal ha he accen ua ion o loca i e wo ds in he Sou he n Az ec dialec s is in luenced
A icles o he a icle 191
Vie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose
by accen ua ion analogy, seman ics, and a endency o accen ual a ia ion and oxy one.
In e es ingly, i eme ged ha loca i e o ms exhibi ing dual s ess pa e ns a e mo e p e alen in
sou hwes e n and sou he n subdialec s. KEYWORDS: Sou he n Highland subdialec , loca i e case,
inessi e, illa i e,
accen a ian .
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
In he scien i ic li e a u e, much a en ion has been paid o he seman ics o he
ninkų a osenai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose ap a i. Dialek ologai gana išsamiai
wo ds "local" (in e nal being o he place) and "illici " (in e nal being o he place),
he eason o he neu aliza ion o meanings, he g amma ical mo phemes o
o ms and he widesp ead use o he wo d "pla e" (Zinke ičius 1966: 201; 1980: 196 […]
197; 2006: 145 […] 146; LKA III, 48). ; The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is
compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he
T ea y. A leas un il now, he pollina ion o he locals has been in es iga ed. In
desc ibing he sou he n high-al i ude accen ua ion sys em, a en ion is d awn only
o he a ian s o he c ossing o hese pleasan o ms1 and o he a e cases o
he u n (AukT 31; Ragaišienė 2010: 14, 129; see also LKA III 55)2. Pu pose, me hods,
no el y and ele ance o he s udy. The aim o he s udy is o desc ibe in a
synch onous way he peculia i ies o he local people's wo ship in he councils o he
sou he n highlands and o discuss hei accen ua ion pa e ns. Objec i es o he
s udy: 1) o compile a lis o subs i u ion o ms o unny wo ds ound in he sou ces
unde s udy; (2) o iden i y he ange o he a ious o ms o c ossing; 3) explain he
possible easons o he exis ence o c oss-sec ional a ian s. The in es iga ion is
based on desc ip i e and in e nal econs uc ion me hods. The me hod o in e nal
econs uc ion has iden i ied he oldes a ian s o he c ossing, explained he possible assump ions o he exis ence o in e media e g ids.
The s udy ca ied ou is new and up- o-da e. In his a icle, based on mo e han 60 yea s o ma e ial
collec ed om he en i e a ea o he sou he n highlands, o he i s ime in he linguis ic
li e a u e, wo ds and hei o ms a e a iously spelled, called spelling a ian s (Ka dely ė 1975: 11;
Zinke ičius 1979: 91 and o he s), accen a ian s (S und 1995: 22), spelling g amma ical g amma
(Pake ys 1994: 7) o spelling g amma ical g amma (Mikulė, Pake ys 2010; pl.
S undžia 2007: 8). Au o ė sa o da buose laikosi adicijos e minus ki čia imo (akcen inis) a ian-
66).
In he cou se o scien i ic discussions, Janez Ma ke ičienė has poin ed ou ha when de e mining
he p onuncia ion o a wo d, one should no ely solely on he o ms o owels, because hei
p onuncia ion may di e om o he owel o ms, i.e. no always show an accen pa adigm.
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
192 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX Map o he dis ibu ion o o ms con aining
ap ašomi linksniuojamųjų žodžių ie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai, pa eikiamas
accen ed a ian s in he same dialec . This s udy should be o pa icula ele ance
o esea che s o changes in he polynomial and accen ua ion phenomena o
in e s i ial in e sec ion. I is expec ed ha i will also be o p ac ical use o
ansla ional dic iona y compile s […] dialec ologis s and lexicog aphe s. W i en
Šal iniai i i iamoji medžiaga. S aipsnyje nag inėjami duomenys su ink i iš
sou ces and pe sonal eco ds om he second hal o he 20 h cen u y o he
beginning o he 21s cen u y. The ma e ial is based on XX cen u y 67 deš. he
desc ip ions o he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he slang o his ad iso y, he
de ailed ansla ion dic iona ies ( he second dic iona y o sou he n slang, he
dic iona y o he D uskinų dialec and he a chi e o he Li huanian Polish slang
o šnek os eks ai, Ma cinkonių šnek os eks ai, Sei ijų šnek os eks ai, Leipalingio
dic iona y being p epa ed) and he ansla ion ex s collec ions ( he published
ex s o he Kučiūnai k ašapylinkai, he ex s o he Šub endės dis ic , he ex s
o he Li huanian dialec ). Bala na (Va ana as), Ramaškonių šnek os ex s and Polish
Li huanian šnek ų ex s) a e he da a. The in es iga ion included he ac s o he
Li huanian language ansla ions published in he ch es oma ic, Li huanian language
ansla ions in he ch es oma ic and in he i s pa o he ex s o he Highe
Language T ansla ions o he publica ion Žane a Ma ke ičienė. Re e ence is also
made o he Li huanian language dic iona y, he wo ks o dialec ologis s and he
pe sonal ile wi h he da a o he examined slang4. Ma e ials a e a ailable om he
en i e a ea o he a m, bu mainly om he sou hwes e n pa . Summing up he
collec ed da a, i can be a gued ha hey a e su icien o in es iga e he pollina ion o he ul u es in he sou he n highlands. I should be no ed ha w i en sou ces well e lec he cha ac e is ics o he accen o ad ice.
In he li e a u e, he e a e 585 wo ds o p aise, abou 3300 o which a e in he o m o owels (ž .
len elę). The e a e a numbe o o he a ia ions o he name, bu he mos common is
"B.A.C.E.R.E.S.E.S.E.R.E.S.E.R.E.S.E.R.E.S.E.R.E.S.E.R.E.R." (see also "B.A.C.E.R.E.S.E.R.E.S.E.R."), which is a
combina ion o "B.A.C.E.R.E.S.E.R.E.S.E.R.S.E.R." and "B.A.A.C.E.R.R.E.S.E.R.R.E.S.E.R." 4 Fac s eco ded by
au ho s o collec ed om audio eco dings om scien i ic wo ks included in he s udy. 5 This numbe
does no include he equen ly used supp essi e iliac o ms laukañ, ó an o añ, šónan šonañ, and k .
The e a e also a numbe o non- e bal e bs ha ha e been used in he spoken language, such as he
six h owel, which is o en used in he o m o a wo d in he e nacula .
o mos namópi, namepi, udenióp i k .
A icles o he 193 h
Vie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose
Di y men, di y KT 362, di y people, di y people Rdm and k .7 Abou wo- hi ds o
he cases o w i en e ses a e composed o he place names o objec s. O en
used in place o hese le -handed o ms a e he polysyllabic o ms k[…] as, -à,
kok[…]s, -ià kókis, -ia, às, -à, ok[…]s, -ià ókis, -ia, nume als p[…] mas, -à, añ as, -à.
Mos ly ound objec wo ds, non-yea ly objec s, single-syllable illici o ms,
di ec ions and places o be spoken (see he same place, 2829). Mo e han a hi d o
he subs ance consis s o monosyllabic and polysyllabic inesi e o ms. The Ilia ic
plu al is used qui e a ely (see he able) in he sou he n highland snails. The basis o
he s udy ma e ial is he o m o he subs i u ion o he wo ds […] p oduc i e a,
[…]a2, ā and ē o he pleasan wo ds o he s ones. Examples o Linksis Skaičius and
Kiekis Va osenas
LENTELĖ. Linksniuojamųjų žodžių ie ininkų o mų dažnis
Ines and
One hund ed and six y- wo ca iages,
i s -class, second-class, i s -class,
middle-class, second-class, i s -class,
i s -class, i s -class, i s -class, i s -class, i s -class, i s -class, i s -class, i s -class
In he case o a ehicle equipped wi h an
au oma ic eme gency b aking sys em, he
b aking sys em shall be so designed and
cons uc ed as o enable he ehicle o be d i en
sa ely and e icien ly.
The Iliad
I 's he only one. I 's he only one. I 's he only one.
I is also known as he "Golden T iangle" o he
"Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he
"Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he
"Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle".
O which: 3290
The eco ded ma e ial con i ms he a eal di e ences iden i ied by dialec ologis s in he ad ice on
he p e alence o subs i u e o ms (see Leskauskai ė 2022: 2830). The whole a ea is domina ed by he
single-syllable iliac o ms, along wi h he common unisex o ms used by hem: in he sou hwes e n
syllables hey o m a qua e , in he sou he n a ea […] abou a six h o he cases. The plu al o ms o
he iliac e b, i can be said, a e no longe used in he sou hwes e n pa o he a ea, only isola ed
cases ha e been ound. 7 The ansc ip ion o he ci cumcision is no ele an , so examples a e gi en
in he common Li huanian spelling ( hus a oiding he same wo d and i s o ms being gi en se e al
imes in a di e en ansc ip ion). The expec a ions o he Vie namese o m a e no co ec ed.
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li uanica 194 LXXXIX in he sou he n a ea, how much be e his
plu ali y is main ained in he no he n and eas e n s ee s (see he same, 29).
The VIETINK o m
Cons uc ion o accen ua ions
In he sou he n highlands, mo e han hal o he wo ds in he accen ed o ms
a e spelled acco ding o he same accen model as in he o he accen ed wo ds
[…] kamiene o galūnē, e.g. klpa, klpoj Kb (PPŽ I 49 Kb), Kn (PPŽ I 49 Kb), Rdm, Lzd,
Vs, klpose Pns, P l (LLŽ K); O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, no u he wo ked
han ho - olled, in coils, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o
ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o
ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o
ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o
ci cula c oss-sec ion, o ci cula c oss-sec ion The ollowing species a e
kúose Kb, Kn , P č (PPŽ I 663), KčT 330, miškuosà M c (PPŽ I 663), miškuosè
included in his ca ego y: L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L.
c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L.
c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L.
c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L.
c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L.
c anksha ed, L. c anksha ed, L. The Commission he e o e concludes ha
he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107
(3) (c) o he T ea y.
Lš (AukT 216), Š T 80, M cT 46, Eg, Ožk (LLŠŽ K), akýse Pnč (AukT 207),
K , Šlk, P l, Pns, Ožk, Ž (LLŠŽ K), Bd, Lzd, Vs, gal õn D skŽ 92, Š T 149,
Pns, Eg (LLŠŽ K), K kš, M l, Rdm, gal ósa K kš; kapas (4), kampè Rud (PPŽ I
(see also LKA III 54).
The accen ua ion o he o ms o he emaining wo ds (mos ly […] nouns) a ies om place o
place. Almos a hi d o hem a e spelled wi h a double owel, as in o he unny o ms, e.g. balà
bãloj Ožk, Šlk (LLŠŽ K), Bd, Lzd, bãlon Kn (PPŽ I 8).

S aipsniai / A icles 195
Vie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose
95), Rdm, M l, bãlosa D skŽ 27, Kn , P č (PPŽ I 95), Š T 90, D č (LLŠŽ
The ollowing species a e included in CITES Appendix I: Lis o endange ed
species, as de ined by CITES Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species, as de ined
by CITES Appendix I: Lis o endange ed species, as de ined by CITES Appendix
I: Lis o endange ed species, as de ined by CITES Appendix I: Lis o
endange ed species, as de ined by CITES Appendix I: This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
kiúosa M l, Kpč, okiúosna Dn (PPŽ II 615), Kpč / ókis, -ia (1), ókian Vlk, Dg,
T ak (LKŽ K), Rdm, ókiuosa V n (LKŽ K).
The only a ia ion o Dali wo ds is he spelling o he local o ms (o he unny
accen ed syllables a e no spelled). The ollowing species a e also included in his
ca ego y: A, M, O, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G I is also logically likely ha he accen ed o ms o wo ds
con aining accen ed g amma ical o ms, such as: púod (1), púode Ožk, Pns (LLŠK),
KčT 173, S jT 116, púodan D skž 469, Kn , M g, Kš, Ms (PP II 302), Spg (AukT 204), Ag
(LLŠK), Rdm, Kpč puodañ D skž 287, M l, púoduosa Ž (PP II 30 KŽK 223, Ag (SLŠK 287),
Anal D sk 287 and o he s. The mos common ypes a e he ollowing: (a) The mos
common ypes a e: (a) The mos common ype is: (b) The mos common ype is: (c)
The mos common ype is: (d) The mos common ype is: (d) The mos common ype
is: (d) The mos common ype is: (e) The mos common ype is: ( ) The mos
common ype is: (g) The mos common ype is: (g) The mos common ype is: (g) The
mos common ype is: (g) The mos common ype is: (g) Fo example, he old
ba i one kak à (2 K), he old ba i one kak à (2 K), he old ba i one kak á (2 K), he
old ba i one kak á (2 K), he old ba i one kak á (2 K), he old ba i one kak á (2 K),
he old ba i one kak á (2 K), he old ba i one kak á (2 K), he old ba i one kak á (2
Kn , G b, Kpn, M c (PPŽ I 441), Sem, T ak, Dsm, S j (LKA III 54–55), Mcl,
K), he old ba i one kak á (2 K), he old ba i one kak á (2 K), he old ba i one kak á
(2 K), he old ba i one kak á (3 K), he old ba i one kak á (3 K), he old ba i one
kak á (3 K). I should be no ed ha he accen endencies o he subjec s
discussed a e cha ac e is ic o bo h bilinguals and mul ilinguals
linksniuojamiesiems žodžiams.
9 Because o he assignmen o hese nouns o he ba i one c ossing pa adigm, see. Būga
1961: 73, 710; Zinke ičius 1975: 19; Ragaišienė 2010: 30 and he li e a u e men ioned he e.
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
196 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX and i s annexes
The polynomials o he in e sec ion o he singula and plu al o ms. The
numbe o epo ed cases is ela i ely low (abou 20% o epo ed cases, see
able 10). The wo mos common ypes o "squa " a e "squa " and "squa ",
wi h he excep ion o "squa " and "squa " being mo e common, and "squa "
and "squa " being mo e common, wi h "squa " and "squa " being mo e common,
and "squa " and "squa " being less common. The ollowing is a summa y o he
main indings and conclusions o he e iew: (a) he ollowing is a summa y o
he indings and conclusions o he e iew: (b) he indings and conclusions o
he e iew: (c) he indings and conclusions o he e iew: (d) he indings and
conclusions o he e iew: (e) he indings and conclusions o he e iew: ( ) he
indings and conclusions o he e iew: (g) he indings and conclusions o he
e iew:
On he (LKŽ K). In he linguis ic li e a u e, he ki is o he i s -o de ypes o he colon and he
e minal […] model o he one-syllable subs i u e (as well as he consonan and he polysyllabic end) o
sia siejamas su mo onologiniu akcen inės pa adigmos išlyginimu, . y. d iejų
hese nouns (b oadly 1997 Mikulėnienė 1996 […] 60 […] 61; Tuomienė 2005: 65 […] 69; U bana ž ičienė 2005: 106
[…] 107). The double meaning o he o ms in ques ion can be de e mined no only by compa ing he
pa adigm o wo ds o p aise wi h he example o Sla ic languages. F om he da a p o ided, i can be
seen ha he o ms c ossed on he s one a e w i en no only pe iphe ally and wi h he
accen ua ion o he singula ialy i e o ms (bo h loca o s a e used in bo h he place o he s one and
inėse šnek ose. Inesy o o mų d ejopas ki is, kad i ne iesiogiai, gali bū i susi-
he seman ic en i onmen ) coincidence may be one o he easons o he decisi e inesy pull om he
k ypčiai, iek ie ai eikš i), plg. blidas (2), °blide / bliūdè i blidan / bliūdañ.
middle. 10 Fo example, in au obiog aphical s o ies, he e a e only a ew o ms o he o en used
wo-dimensional […]u kamien i ems, ma king non-li ing objec s, such as ámžiuj M l, pẽčiuj S jT
di ec ion and place.
140, Ag (LLŠŽ K), K kš i k . Labiau papli usios ienaskai os ilia y o o mos, ku iomis eiškiama
11 The a ia ion in hei accen ua ion is de e mined by he same ac o s as in o he unny o ms (see below).
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion.
The 12° sign indica es he "non-pa adigma ic" o m.
A icles and a icles 197
Vie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose
The p e ailing accen ua ion o he wo ds in ques ion is also a ec ed by he p e ailing accen ua ion o
o he singula o ms o he wo d, e.g. siên, siên, siên, siên, siên, siên, siên. This is also con i med by he
second c ossing p ecep s -uk, -uk, -u and - u ė o he Vedic polynomials o his une al ci cumcision. In
he sou h-wes o he coun y he e a e also a numbe o small illages, such as he illage o L'Amou ,
he illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he illage o
L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou , he
illage o L'Amou , he illage o L'Amou . In he no he n sou he n highlands and Polish Li huanian
slopes, he p e ix -uk can be used o accen ua e he accen o he Vedic place, e en indi ec ly, om
he bo owed o m o […]a2 s one wi h he g amma ical mo pheme -y, plg. kamba ùky (and kamba ùki),
ca iumùky (and ca iumùki) Pns (plg. Leskauskai ė 2022: 78). The acquisi ion o he sho ened (single
owel) o ms, plg. handù ė handu ėjè handù ėje (2) → handù ėj Rdm, c ea ed a o able condi ions o
he se lemen o he s one chu ch. In he sou he n pa o he a ea, a ely used, "non-pa adigma ic"
p oduc i e and ine o ms o he s ones ha e been ound, e.g. l[…]epa liepõj Bd, ka ūnà (1), ka ūnõj Vng,
kál ėj Kal j KčT 87, klùmpė (1), klumpj M l, as inė (1), ais inj K k. Thei eme gence is p ima ily
explained by he endency o hese syllables o accen ua e a ia ion and oxy ocin. In some cases, he
adjacen ki is may be educed by he analogy o accen ua ion o he same ype o wo k, e.g. du pinj,
da žinj, o summa ized by he p e ailing accen ua ion model o single-syllable ilia ic o ms, e.g. bačká
(4) ‘s a inė, bačkõj LLŠT 143, Šlk (LLŠK), Rdmkojč M c (ŽPP I 91), lepa (1), lepoj liepõj Bd, lepon liepõn P č
(PP 57 I B) o B. I is no ewo hy ha he a ia ion o he c osses o hese inesi e o ms is di ec ly
ela ed o wha small bi ds Bd and Mūs liepõj bi es si , honey has Bd. The e a e wo hings o be seen
om he ma e ial. The mos common ypes o spelling a ian s a e he ollowing: coa se, coa se,
coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se,
coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se,
bãčkoj S jT 113, bačkõn M c, Rud (PPŽ I 91), KčT 166, RamT 235, S jT 227 /
coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se,
coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se, coa se. The second is ha he ci cumsc ibed o ms o he
nesie inas su eikšmių neu alizacija – jos a ojamos ie ai eikš i, plg. Lepoj
wo ds o his hymn end o in e sec cons an ly, i.e. o desc ibe he in e sec ion o he s ones
acco ding o he ba i one in e sec ion model. In he 13 h cen u y, he sou he n pa o he coun y
was di ided in o -ukė, -u ė, and - u ė, which became he gene ally used sho ened o ms o he wo d.
This chee ul wo- oiced o m is a ely w i en as a consonan .
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX is published by he Li huanian Minis y o Educa ion and Science.
One o he polynomials o he iliac o ms o he c oss. In he sou he n highland dialec s, he
abb e ia ed single-syllable iliac o m o he di ec ion and place is pa icula ly common (i
accoun s o abou 58% o cases o a icose eins, see able). Few o he hi d pa o he
wo ds o his chee ul o m ha e a g a ing o in e sec ion. Mo e han hal o hem a e spelled
he same as he o he le -handed o ms, e.g. dù pinė dù pinėn ŽV (LLŠŽ K), Rdm, Lzd, ll (1), du pin
(3a), du pinn Sn, Pns (LLŠŽ K) 14, as as (2a), ab, Rud, M c (K), V n (LKTCH), Pnč, M c (AukT4), 20 22
93 T 119, ais a M (PP IIŠ Šónas, - ed ed (3), Rdm, Ldm, Kpč, Vzdm, Kpč, Kpč, Kpč, Kp, Kp, Kp, Kp, Kp,
Kb, Kb, K a, Rdm, T n (AukT4), e c. Mo e a ia ion o he p oduc i e a, a1, ā and ē o ms o he
wo ds o he s ones. The e a e ew seconda y illici o ms o he unp oduc i e i, u and u o
s one objec s. Mos o en hey end o be c ossed acco ding o he pa adigm o he main
(o en […] olde ) a ian . Fo example, he ba i one's ugus (2) u gùs (4) iliac is only pie ced in he
jaws ( he e a e 46 cases o a icose eins)15. The wo mos common o ms o limb pie cing in
he case o s one- h owing spikes and soddy spikes and soddy spikes a e spikes and soddy spikes
(53 cases ou o 68). The ollowing de ini ions o he noun o m a e used in he con ex o he
abo e-men ioned a icle: (a) The noun o m is used in he con ex o he abo e-men ioned a icle.
(b) The noun o m is used in he con ex o he abo e-men ioned a icle. (c) The noun o m is used
in he con ex o he abo e-men ioned a icle. (d) The noun o m is used in he con ex o he
abo e-men ioned a icle. I is clea om he a ailable ma e ial ha , in addi ion o analogy, he
ci cumcision o he o ms in ques ion may also be a ec ed by o he o ms o limb ci cumcision
(e.g. D sk, R n (LKŽe), plg. low R n, Kb, M k D sk (LKŽe), R n (AukT 230), Pls (TA), which may be
inhe i ed om he pas (see Rinke ičius 2009: 90; Ragaišienė 2010: 90 and he li e a u e ci ed
he e). The ba i one's mien and he mocke y o he illi e acy o he gallows, pe haps de i ed
om he newly in oduced wo ds o he gallows, see miens an Dbč, D ž, Rud, M c, Ms , Ž (ZPP I
652), S jT Kn nsla (ZPP I 652), 146 Pnč (AukT 21 Bd, Kpč, mókslan Vs D žsk 214, Kb (LKT 391), Nmn, 14
Pl. in he gallows o he gallows o he chu ch in he o m o a du pinj Š n (AukT 193). 15 Fo a
niai. Be o, an iniai a ian ai gali bū i a si adę ski ingu me u. Daik a a džio
mo e de ailed discussion o he a ia ion in he pa adigms o he wo d ma ke , see R.I.P.S. 107,
and he li e a u e on i .
In he a ea o 16 sou he n highlands, he e a e no o he o ms o mul i-speed c oss-sec ion o
he ex emi y o his objec .
17 The oo ki an may be suppo ed by he accen ua ion o he o en used o ms o he loan wo d ki an.
A icles o he a icle 205
Vie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose
O he , o a a con en , by weigh
A e he analysis o he c ossing o he sou he n highlande s in he sou ces
o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y and he beginning o he 21s cen u y,
he ollowing conclusions can be d awn:
1. In sou he n high-pi ched slang, mo e han hal o he wo ds o chee leade s
a e spelled acco ding o one accen pa adigm: ba i ones […] kamiene, oksi ones […]
galūnėje. The spelling o he emaining o ms o he wo ds o he ice oys a ies.
Almos a hi d o hem a e c ossed in pai s, as in o he o ms o en e ainmen .
The only a ia ion o he wo ds in he Dalies is he spelling o he locals (o he
unny o ms o accen ed g e ys a e no w i en). In he sou he n highland
isų ie ininkų, o ieno ku io ( ienaskai os a daugiskai os inesy o i (a ) ie-
slopes, i is no uncommon o he slopes o be c ossed in he o m o a slope. The
a džių ienaskai os ilia y o o mų ki čia imas.
2. Linksniuojamųjų žodžių ie ininkų o mų ki čia imas nulem as ne ie-
mos a ied o he p oduc i e s one objec s o any eason, and he whole o
hei complex: 1) analogies o he cu ing o o he unnels and (o ) he cu ing o
he ype o wo k; 2) seman ics ( he o ms o p onouns now used o places and
di ec ions); 3) he use o exclama ion ma ks (accen a ia ion and occlusion) in he
p onuncia ion o high-pi ched wo ds in he a e noon. The accen ua ion o
single-syllable illici o ms may be in luenced by he endency o eplace hem
wi h p e e en ial cons uc ions wi h p e e en ial in, an + galininkas, o me
o ms wi h double owels and abb e ia ed (single owels) g amma ical
mo phemes compe i ion and k . In he a ea o he sou he n highlands, he o ms
o he wo-syllable subs i u ion wo ds a e widesp ead in he o m o
subs i u ions. These o ms a e mo e common in he sou hwes e n and sou he n
pa s o he a ea. Howe e , he a ailable ma e ial does no indica e a single a ea
in which a ia ion as a phenomenon is mos in ense compa ed o adjacen
phenomena. The accen ua ion o he o ms o he placeholde in he sou he n
highland a ea, conside ed he cen e o he accen a ia ion o he wo ds o he linkage, does no di e om he adjacen syllables.
LITERATURA and yellow
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VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
206 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX
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A icles o he 207 h
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VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
208 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
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The abb e ia ion o he e m
[…] Agu kiai, Lénkija Dbč
This Decision shall
Al […] Allo ė,
The High Cou o Appeal,
Bd […] Bd ie is, Lazd[…]jų
This Regula ion shall
B č - Bačiai, Lazdjų . D ž
B Bačiai, T ãkų . Dsm
Č n […] Či ónys,
[…] Dubčiai, Va ėnõs . […] Agu kiai, Lénkija Dbč […] Agu kiai, Va ėnõs . […] Agu kiai, Lénkija Dbč […] Agu kiai, Va ėnõs . […] Agu kiai, Va ėnė, Va ėnė, Va ėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė, Vėnė a e also known as Agu kiai.
en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Aly aus . Dg […] Daugi, who was bo n in he illage o Al […] Allo ė, Aly aus .
T ãkų dis ic , he High Cou o Appeal, Daugi dškės, T ãkų dis ic
. Dn […] Daina à, Va ėnõs . is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name.
en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
[…] Da žėliai, Va ėnõs . is loca ed in he dis ic o B č - Bačiai, Lazdjų .
Dùsmenys, T ãkų . is loca ed in he dis ic o B Bačiai, T ãkų .
Lazdžijské . D č […] D a č[…]nai, Lénkija, which is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name
A icles o he T ea y
Vie ininkų ki čia imo polinkiai pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose
[…] Egnė, Lénkija, also known as Eg[…]nė
Gdl […] Gudliai, Šalčiniñkų . Ilg […]
G b – G ybaulià, Va ėnõs .
Ìlgininkai, Aly aus . J š […]
Jo ašiai, D ùsk owne s. He is
also a membe o he boa d o
di ec o s o he company. The
ollowing species a e included in
his ca ego y: Lpl […] Lipli[…]nai,
he owne s o he D uze. Lš […]
Liškia a, Va ėnõs . was bo n in
he illage o Liškia a.
K – Kie ã iškės, Elek nų sa .
Lzd o Lazdjai
The ollowing species a e
included in CITES Appendix I (A,
B, C, D) and Appendix II (A, C, E,
F) o he CITES Appendix I (A, C,
E, F, G, G, G, H, G, H, G, H, G, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H, H,
Ram – Ramaškónys, Bal a ùsija
Sn […] Seina[…], om Lénkija
Spg […] Sapiengiskiai,
Lazdžijos . S j […]
Sei […]jai, Lazdžijos . Škl […] Škl iai, Va ėnõs . is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name.
Šlčn […] Šačininkai Šlk […]
Šlýnakiemis, Lénkija Šl n […]
Šla añ ai, Lazdžijos . Š n […]
Š eñ eže is, Lazdžijos . is loca ed in he dis ic o he same name.
Š nd – Š endùb ė, D ùskininkų sa .
T ak and T akai
Vlk […] Valkiniñkai, Va ėnõs
. Vng […] Ving […]nai, Lazd[…]jų . Vng […] Ving […]nai, Lazd[…]jų . Vng […] Ving […]nai, Lazd[…]jų . Vng […] Ving […]nai is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he coun y.
O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e
I is also known as he
"Golden T iangle" o he
"Golden T iangle" o he
"Golden T iangle" o he
"Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle".
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
210 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIX and i s annexes
Accen ua ion Tendencies o Loca i e Cases
in he Sou he n Aukš ai ian Subdialec s
Summa y
A e analyzing he da a, i became appa en ha o e hal o he declensible wo ds in he
Sou he n Hellenis ic dialec s ollow a consis en accen ual pa e n: ba y ones a e s essed on
he s em, while oxy ones ecei e s ess on he ending. Howe e , he accen ua ion o loca i e
case o ms o he emaining wo ds displays a iabili y. App oxima ely a hi d o hese wo ds
exhibi dual s ess pa e ns, like o he in lec ional o ms. Some wo ds only a y in he
accen ua ion o loca i e cases, wi hou simila a ia ions in o he cases. Addi ionally, i is
common in he Sou he n Augus ian dialec s o ei he he singula o plu al illa i e (o bo h) o
ea u e dual s ess pa e ns. Among p oduc i e s em nouns, he accen ua ion o singula
illa i e o ms shows he mos di e se pa e ns wi hin his pa adigm.
The accen ua ion o declensible wo ds […] loca i e o ms is no go e ned by a single eason,
bu a he by a complex o ac o s: 1) analogies o he place o accen ua ion o o he cases
and/o he accen ua ion analogy o he wo d o ma ion ype; 2) seman ics ( o ms o
loca i e cases now used o indica e loca ion and di ec ion); 3) accen ua ion endencies
(accen ual a ia ion and oxy onesis) o declinable wo ds in he Sou he n Aukš ai ian dialec .
The accen ua ion o singula illa i e o ms can be in luenced by se e al ac o s, including
he endency o subs i u e hem wi h p eposi ional cons uc ions wi h "in," "an," "an,"
" he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he,"
" he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he," " he" e c.
The loca i e case o ms o declinable wo ds exhibi ing dual s ess pa e ns a e no ably
widesp ead ac oss he Sou he n Highlands egion. P edominan ly, hese o ms we e obse ed
mo e equen ly in he sou hwes e n and sou he n e i o ies, accoun ing o app oxima ely
60% o cases. Howe e , he a ailable ma e ial does no dis inc ly pinpoin an a ea whe e
a iabili y, as a phenomenon, is mos in ense compa ed o neighbo ing subdialec s. In he
sou hwes e n a ea o Sou h Aus alasia, o en ega ded as he cen e o accen ual a ia ion
o declensible wo ds, he accen ua ion o loca i e o ms does no di e signi ican ly om
neighbo ing subdialec s.
Deli e ed on 27 Oc obe 2023.
VILIJA RAGAIŠIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius,
Li huania Municipali y. ag[email p o ec ed] This is a lis o municipali ies in Li huania.