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1
Name and enaming o he luid was e. The
I 's he all
o Swabia. A
Nigh in
Ge man
I 's called
he Wa e Name Book.
I 's called upwa d and
pe e ed. Duomenų
apie Schwappach
papildymas o he
Ge man shipping company Žodyne
I'm no going o lie o you.
The Uni e si y o Regensbu g
The e-mail add ess is [email p o ec ed]
This is ORCID ID: –
Scien i ic esea ch a eas: ex g amma , heolinguis ics and spi i ual song, onomas ics,
his o ical syn ax.
This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The anno a ion
When and by whom he i e s we e named as hey a e now, we canno unde s and o only guess wi h he help o
e ymological hypo heses. Why, o example, was he Rhine i s called he Reinos o he Danube he Danube? The
p oblem is ela ed o he high age o he hyd onyms and depends on how long o signi ican a s eam is. The
si ua ion is di e en when i comes o enaming a body o wa e . As he case desc ibed in he a icle shows, we
can hen ollow closely which con empo a y playe s a e in ol ed in p omo ing o hinde ing a new name change. I is
symp oma ic ha in he case o Ba a ia, he Schwappach is a ela i ely sho s eam, bu an in low o a la ge
i e , he Main. Fu he mo e, i is in e es ing and signi ican ha he in ol emen o wo homeland esea che s
was necessa y o ini ia e a enaming. Thei ini ia i es a e linked o issues o geog aphy, se lemen his o y and
name ansmission. Fu he mo e, he e ymology o he hyd onym Schwappach plays an impo an ole and is being
discussed anew.
SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: name o he i e , um- o new name, his o y o he se lemen , e ymology o he name, phan om
The name.
2
This is he abs ac .
The o igins o hyd onyms when, by whom, and why he lowing wa e s we e i s named as hey a e oday o en
emain beyond ou ull unde s anding. We can only specula e, elying on e ymological hypo heses. Fo example, why was
he Rhine called *Reinos, o he Danube *Dānewjos? Such ques ions a e deeply ied o he an iqui y o hese names and
he signi icance o size o he wa e ways hey deno e. The si ua ion, howe e , changes when i comes o enaming a
body o wa e . As he case examined in his a icle demons a es, we can p ecisely ace he indi iduals and ac o s
in ol ed in a mode n enaming o he obs acles p e en ing i . A elling example om Ba a ia illus a es his dynamic:
Schwappach, hough a ela i ely sho ibu a y o he Main, became he ocus o a enaming e o . No ably, i ook
he dedica ed in ol emen o wo local his o ians o ini ia e he p ocess. Thei e o s highligh b oade issues
ela ed o geogeog aphy, se lemen his o y, and name ansmission. Addi ionally, he e ymology o he hyd onym
Schwappach plays a c ucial ole and is eexamined in ligh o hese de elopmen s.
KEYWORDS: i e name, enaming, se lemen his o y, name e ymology, phan om name.
1. The name o he
plan The Swallow
A wa e name Schwappach
will be sea ched in ain in he
Ge man Wa e Name Book
(DGNB). The se lemen name
Schwappach is also hidden
among he
Composi e names
o Lowe
Schwappach and
Uppe
Schwappach. The wo chu ches a e:
Pa s o he municipali y o Kne zgau in he dis ic o Haßbe ge in Lowe F anconia
(Ba a ia). They a e bo h loca ed on he S eins elde Mühlbach. I s headwa e s, Löh enbach
and Eschenaue Mühlbach, o igina e in he S eige wald Na u e Pa k. The S eins elde
Mühlbach, oge he wi h he Löh enbach, is o e 10 km long and lows wes om Won u
(Landk eis Haßbe ge, Lowe F anconia, Ba a ia) om he le in o he Seebach, which lows
in o he Main. In he lowe eaches i is also called Schwappach.
1
The disc epancy be ween he name Schwappach as a se lemen name on he uppe cou se
o he Mühlbach s one ield and i s appea ance as a name a ian in he lowe cou se leads
expe ienced wa e name esea che s o conclude ha o iginally he whole i e , a leas
om he union o he headwa e s o he mou h, was called Schwappach and he
I was named a e he lowe cou se.
In he se ies Hyd onymia Ge maniae, ounded by Hans K ahe and published by Wol gang P.
Schmid, a collec ion o almos all Ge man wa e names wi h hei his o ical e idences, one
inds he place names Obe -, Un e schwappach unde he su ix Schwappache See, which
acco ding o he Mess ischbla (Topog aphische Ka e 1:25000 o.J., N . 5934) lows igh o he
Höcke seeg aben (z. P a bach z. Main). His o ical e idence is no eco ded. Acco ding o
cu en knowledge, he localiza ion is inco ec . Tha is why he e is no keywo d Schwappach
in he DGNB.
2
The b o he s He ibe Muse and E ns Muse , who g ew up in Un e schwappach, ha e se
hemsel es he goal o becoming local expe s in di e en ways, one as a his o ian, he o he
as a lawye , he old uni o m name o he S eins elde Mühlbach, Schwappach-Wikipedia. See
1
he illus a ed desc ip ion o he low o he i e by Muse 2024a and 2024b and he di e en
names o he lowing wa e in Cape Town. 2.
2
Spa ows in 1970: 211.
3
I would like o ask he P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is p epa ed o accep
he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume
P o ec ion. Chap e 2 "A emp s a enaming" desc ibes he adminis a i e obs acles ha had o be o e come and he success achie ed.
2. A emp o ename
The opog aphical maps (L 6128) issued by he Ba a ian S a e Su ey O ice in 1980 show ha in
he S eige wald and in Ho hausen (municipali y o The es, dis ic o Haßbe ge) in he Main
mündende lowing wa e s s ill wi h he name Schwappach. Howe e , in o icial maps published
in 2020, he same wa e is called S eins elde Mühlbach. Wi hin 40 yea s, he o icial name was
changed wi hou his ha ing been no iced o in o med by he municipal adminis a ion o
Kne zgau and he inhabi an s o Obe und Un e schwappach. Con a y o he gene al
assump ion ha he local inhabi an s do no ca e wha he wa e hey li e on is o icially
called and on he maps, he homeland esea che s E ns and He ibe Muse ha e made i
hei ask o make he connec ion be ween he name o he Schwappach s eam and he
se lemen names (Uppe , Lowe Schwappach) ca og aphically isible and o icially es o e
i . He ibe Muse explo ed in an essay he his o ical dep h o he name Schwappach h ough
e ymological in es iga ions (see chap e 3), E ns Muse as a lawye did no wan o accep
quie ly ha he said wa e "wi hou any ecognizable jus i ica ion" has been leading o
some ime he o icial name "S eins elde Mühlbach" and should con inue o do so in he
u u e. Bu abo e all, he opp essi e hough in he
I is clea ha he wo Schwappach illages ha e been dep i ed o hei 'pa e ni y' o he name
o hei place by he name change. I could no be uled ou ha he gene ally accep ed hesis in
his o ical esea ch, acco ding o which se lemen s o med on wa e s ha e gene ally adop ed
he olde name o he wa e as a place name, has emained unno iced. In addi ion, local esiden s
ha e no been gi en he oppo uni y o exp ess hei opinions. He in e es s and eelings could
ha e been signi ican ly damaged by his.
3
Wi h he o icial eques o a e iew o he hyd onymic ma e and wi h he sugges ion o
e u n he o iginal name Schwappach o he wa e , E ns Muse s a ed an o icial exchange
o le e s on 9 June 2023, which ended wi h he announcemen o he pa ial enaming o he
wa e S eins elde Mühlbach in Schwappach on 29 July 2024. P e iously, he […]Landesam ü
Digi alisie ung, B ei band und Ve messung[…], he Bad Kissingen Wa e Managemen O ice,
he municipali ies in ol ed and he Ba a ian Minis y o he En i onmen and Consume
P o ec ion we e in ol ed. A e se e al b ie ings ejec ing a enaming in he sense o he
pe i ione , on 29.2.2024 he Bad Kissingen Wa e Managemen O ice su p isingly announced
ha a pa ial enaming had now been decided and only had o be ca ied ou .
3
2024 Muse : 1s yea
4
4
Wha led o he change o hea o he au ho i ies is no known. The inal ea men by he
Haßbe ge Coun y Council and he e iew by he Legal Depa men led o he ollowing
announcemen published in he O icial Jou nal o he Coun y: […] […]The sec ion o he
[…]S eins elde Mühlbach[…] wa e way is enamed om he con luence o he
[…]Löh enbach[…] wi h he […]Eschenaue Mühlbach[…] in on o Obe schwappach
(municipali y o Kne zgau) o he mou h o he […]Zabelbach[…] a he Hohenmühle (municipali y
o Schwappachgau[…].
The e o s o he homeland esea che s o o icially and o icially es o e he o iginal
o e all name Schwappach, p esumed based on his o ical indings, led only o he pa ial success
ha he hyd onym Schwappach was decla ed he name o he sec ion o he S eins elde
Mühlbach ha lows h ough Obe und Un e schwappach. The name S eins elde Mühlbach
emains as he sec ion name o he lowe cou se. […] On he consequences o he o icial
pa ial enaming o he name lexicog aphy, see chap e . 5.
3. e ymology o he name
The desi ed, only pa ially success ul enaming o he S eins elde Mühlbachs was scien i ically
subs an ially p omo ed by he esea ches o He ibe Muse on
E ymology and age o
he name
Schwappach,
published in 2024 in De S eige wald.
A magazine o a F ankish landscape. This was p omp ed by he deba e o e he e ymology o
5
he alley o Schwappach in he Homeland Book, which is based on he p esumably oldes
documen a y men ion o he name Schwappach. I 's called Suabaha, and i 's ound in he
Codex Ebe ha di, a 12 h-cen u y codex. I is da ed o he yea 800 A.D. (Mo e in o ma ion on
6
Suabaha, see chap e 4). The secu ed names o he name e e o he Schwappach places:
1285 (?) Swapach, 1303
Swopach; In common pa lance, he name is Schwabbi. The mo e ecen his o ical e idence is well
de i ed om he oldes o m Suabaha ( eads Swab-aha), whe eby he change in he spelling o
-b- in Suabaha o -p- in he la e e idence can be aced back as a e lex o he Ba a ian spelling
7
<p> ins ead o <b>. Also he second link o he compound Suab-aha, which in Old High Ge man
mean " lowing wa e ", egula ly appea s in Sou h Ge man wa e names weakened as -ach (as
an independen appella i e Ach, Ache, e c.).
4
Muse o 2024: 4.
5
Muse is 2024a; 2024b.
6
Waile sbache 1986: 1219. He is a membe o he Ge man na ional eam.
7
Documen s acco ding o Muse 2024a: 4; Muse 2024b: 8. The wo Schwappach places a e lis ed in he Codex
Ebe ha d I, 177 a, as […]Eshinowe ubi es cu ia sicu Hamelenbu g. In quam cu iam pe inen , swapach, swapach is
localized; Obe schwappach as […]si a iux a ecclesiam Gangol i[…]. I is also known as […]si a iux a ecclesiam Gangol i[…].
5
Muse 's a gumen a ion is no di ec ed agains he phone ic de elopmen o he name, bu
agains he in e p e a ion as "Schwaben-bach". Jus as Wol -A min . Rei zens ein wi h
e e ence o he ci y o Schwabach in Cen al F anconia a he mou h o he i e Schwabach
in he Main (called Suabach in annals o he 12 h cen u y) e e s he de e mina i e wo d
Suab-(ach) o he Alemanni, i is also explained in he homeland book o he alley o he
Schwappach ha he name Schwappach (< Suabaha) e e s o he p esence o
[…]Mainsueben[…] a he u n o he 2nd cen u y. / 1. Jh. The yea is A.D. o be a ibu ed.
A ound 60 B.C.E. The Suebens and o he s ushed in.
8
9
10
Acco ding o a chaeological sou ces, he e we e solid se lemen s on he Main and no h o
i . These so-called […]Mainsueben[…], we e buil in 10/9 BC. Subjec ed by D usus. Howe e ,
a chaeological inds would ha e o p o e ha he Suebi eally se led on he Main and on he
11
edge o he S eige wald pe manen ly. I is also ques ionable whe he hei name was ixed
in a hyd onym and could ha e been handed down un il he Middle Ages.
12
He ibe Muse opposes he unce ain e ymology o he name Schwappach as
[…]Schwaben-bach[…] wi h an al e na i e based on he […]geog aphical-hyd ological examina ion
o he wa e , i s o igin and cou se in he landscape ha shaped i and also shaped i .[…] I is
s iking ha he wa e le el o he Schwappach depends on he clima ic condi ions in he a ea
o o igin, he S eige wald, whose heigh s in e cep he ainy clouds coming om he wes ,
and in he case o longe ain all he e a e co esponding wa e masses, which in he ield and
13
meadows, which all only sligh ly, lead o signi ican looding and looding o onsho e
p ope ies. In Un e schwappach and in he s eep-sided S eins eld, a me s se led nea he
wa e cou se and su e ed om looding. […]The endency o he s eam o o e low is also
s ill no iceable in ecen imes.[…]
14
No mally, a name e ymology seeks he app op ia e designa ion mo i o a gi en name. In
he p esen case, i is he o he way a ound: one has a plausible naming mo i o he
e e ence objec , he Schwappach, bu is looking o a sui able appella i e. The appella ion
ha bes cha ac e ized he i e coming om he S eige wald, which ended o lood in
he lowe eaches, leading o swamping, was he Ge man wo d schwappen. The DWB, Bd. 15
(DWB XV) and Sp. 2281, gi es he ollowing desc ip ion o he meaning o "swamp": "ac ually
o liquids", p esupposes he ac ual equa ion o (Old High Ge man) Suāba " he Swabians"
wi h he Alemanni and ha he "Mainsueben" called hemsel es Suāba o we e called.
8
9
Rei zens ein 2009: 203. This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
10
Waile sbache 1986: 18 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
11
See also:
Wikipedia.
12
Fo he age o he wa e s
named Schwab, see also
Fas nach 2002: 1318.
13
Muse 2024b: 4 and 7.
14
This is Muse 2024b: 6.

6
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I don' know wha I'm doing. o uns able, swampy, so ,
a masses, sha e ing, luc ua ing and so on. […] and leads as he oldes e idence: Joh. Ba h,
Weibe spiegel, 1565: "Wi h he wa e e c. in ca ying he swamp". Wi h his e ymological
backg ound, he Schwappach joins a g oup o lowing wa e s in he ca chmen a ea o he
Main and he Necka , such as: Schwabbach and Schwabach, o which simila
geological-hyd og aphic condi ions may ha e applied as hose o he Schwappach desc ibed
abo e. The his o ical e idence o all names gi es he ollowing pic u e in sum: 8. Jh. Suabaha,
15
9 h cen u y Suabah, 11 h cen u y Suapaha, S aba, in he 12 h cen u y. Suaba, 13 h cen u y
Swapah, Swapach, in he 14 h cen u y. Swabach, 15 h cen u y I 's called Swapach, Schwabach.
The changes in he name ha can be de ec ed in he w i ings in he cou se o his o y can all
be explained by known sound changes. As a s a ing o m o all names, ahd can be used.
*Swab-aha, wi h sound shi ing *Swap-aha apply.
The i s componen o he i e name *Swab-aha can be e ymologically ela ed o he e b
s em o nhd. swabb-en, (wi h sound shi ) schwapp-en (s.o.) a e associa ed […] wi h he
di e ence ha he e b s em is doubled compa ed o he nominal s em *swabim ou low,
which is an in ensi ica ion o he designa ion o he (i e a i e) p ocess o o e low in ended
and onoma opoe ic condi ion (see he in e jec ion schwapp!). The u he e ymology o
Ge manic *swab is unclea ; I 's p obably a Wes Ge manic sound-symbolic wo d c ea ion.
Seman ically and mo phologically, he English wo d swamp is closely ela ed o he English wo d
' o pu unde wa e , o lood; Swamp, i you' e nex o ge m. The Swabian a ian o he ge m.
*swap akes ha a ound a nasal ix
16
(-m-) has
17
been ex ended.
4. SUABAHA
(KNETZGAU) […]
Wha is he name o a phan om?
Does he e idence o Suabaha om he Codex Ebe ha di eally e e o he ON?
Schwappach (municipali y o Kne zgau)? A look a he digi ized manusc ip o he Codex
Ebe ha di I, 152 b (Digi alized No. 304) shows ha Suabaha (wi hou sepa a ion poin )
be o e
Suabheim in he
complex o places,
including Bie gila
(Ma k be gel, Cen al F anconia) and
V ba eshei (m) (= U e sheim, Cen al F anks) […]in pago Rangewe[…] (= Rangau, Cen al
F anks), which […] he comi issa Reginsuin […] dona ed o he monas e y o Fulda, is w i en.
The ex is a copied exce p om a adi ional documen da ing back o he 9 h cen u y. I is
da ed and bea s he numbe 93 in he edi ion o he Codex Ebe ha di.
18
15
See also This is DGNB 484 and DONB 573.
16
The DWB XV, Sp. 2198, pu s
unde he keywo d
Schwamm (ahd. swamp)
English swamp, wi h
Ge man schwappen in
ela ion. Acco ding o he
DWB, he o iginal meaning
o "swamp" was " he
yielding, luc ua ing
mass".
17
See also I.E.W. I 1052. Wha is i ?
18
Meye o E mgassen in 1995: 259.
7
The ques ion a ises as o whe he he Syn agma Suabaha Suabheim is wo places o jus one.
The e idence is 9 h cen u y. Suabheim is e e ed o in Wikipedia as Schwebheim
(Bu gbe nheim) in e e ence o oday's Schwebheim (Ci y o Bu gbe nheim, dis ic o
Neus ad an de Aisch-Bad Windsheim, Cen al F anconia) and no as in Rei zens ein: 205) o
Schwebheim (Dis ic o Schwein u , Lowe F anconia). A Schwebheim (Mi el anken) he
ish- ich Aisch is bo n. I is concei able ha in he empla e documen s o he Codex
Ebe ha di < suabah heim> was w i en as he name o a se lemen , oday's Swebheim
(Mi el anken), and he copyis acciden ally o in en ionally made wo names ou o i :
Suabaha and Suabheim. I do no conside […]suabah> o be a i e name, bu an a ea name
e e ing o he sou ce o he Aisch abou a qua e o a mile sou h o he cen e o
Schwebheim. The ini ial o m o he a ea name (ahd.) *Suab-ahi n., la e *Swebech, *Swebich, is
om ge m. * swab- (see chap e 3) wi h he collec i e su ix ahd. - de i ed om. As soon as
Suabah wi h he
19
The basic wo d
home was
composed, was
*Suabah(i)home
haplologically sho ened o
Suabheim,
la e also
*Suebichhe-
im o
Swebheim
e c., in he e nacula šwęb.
Fo compa ison, he ON. Schwebda (municipali y o Meinha d in he no he n Hessian
We a-Meißne dis ic ), loca ed on he eas e n slope o he Meinha d on he We a, o be
used: 9 h cen u y. Suebada (documen o he impe ial abbey o Fulda), 1243 Sueuede, 1269 in
Swebede,
o iginally he
job i le
*Swab-idi,
om ge m.
*swab-(s.o.) wi h he
Collec i e su ix as. -
I 's de i ed. So we
ha e a pai o
20
synonymic a ea names.
Swab-ahi (in Cen al F anconia) nex o Swab-idi (in No h Hesse), bo h names a e om he
same oo wo d ge m. *swab-‘ he o e lowing de i ed wi h di e en su ixes. On he o he
hand, i is ce ain ha he name Suabaha is no a phan om name, bu i does no e e o
Schwappach (Un e anken), bu o Schwebheim (Mi el anken).
5. SWAPE: NIGHT WITH DGNB The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew:
E en wi hou he e idence o Suabaha in he Codex Ebe ha di, he Schwappach can be
classi ied in he g oup o Schwabach wa e names and mus be included in he DGNB by
supplemen . The i e name Schwappach i s well in o he geog aphical name landscape
a ound Kne zgau. The coun e pa o Schwappach is he one on he o he side o he Main
coming om he Haßbe gen and in Haß u mündende Nassach (in Haß u zum Main). Bo h
names a e composi es wi h he oo wo d ahd. Ah, he loodwa e s and all ha .
21
The e m "de e mina ion" e e s o hyd ological peculia i ies (o e low
endency, su ounding lo a). Because o his way o educa ion, hey can be a
19
In 1953, Bach w o e § 193 […] 195, 160 […] 162.
20
F om esea ch in gene al o ahd.
swebēn […]wogen, wallen, mo e,
swim[…] placed, see also Udolph , please .
2023: 148.
21
See also
Nassach.
This is DGNB 370.
8
Wa e names a e a ibu ed o a laye whose designa ion was made by se le s in he ea ly
Middle Ages. Olde s a a o names belong only o he p e-Ge manic name o he Main
(La in
Moenus)
as well as
he
names
Haß u ,
Hassgau
and
Hassbe ge
Wa e name ge m. Hasa, he
old name o he Nassach. The
younges laye o wa e
22
names includes he name
Löh enbach, one o he
sou ce s eams o he
Schwappach, which is named
a e he Lä chen s ock (in
23
he S eige wald).
LITERATUR
Bach Adol 1953: Deu sche Namenkunde II: Die deu schen O snamen [Ge man Onomas ics
II: Ge man Place Names] 1, Heidelbe g, Win e .
Codex Ebe ha di:
Digi alisa e des Codex Ebe ha di
[Digi al copies o he Codex
Ebe ha di]:
HS AM K 425 und HS AM K 426
. Zugang:
h ps//a cinsys.hessen.de>a cinsys>lis .ac ion [Zug i 20.01.2025].
DGNB:
Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch: E ymologie de Gewässe namen und de
zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen
[Ge man Wa e Name Book:
E ymology o Wa e Names and he Associa ed A ea, Se lemen and Field Names], on
A. G eule, Be lin, Bos on: De G uy e , 2014.
DONB:
Deu sches O snamenbuch
[Ge man Place Name Book], h sg. on M. Niemeye ,
Be lin, Bos on: De G uy e , 2012.
Fas nach Do o hea 2002: De O sname E langen. Siedlungsgeschich e on Al e langen und
E langen aus namenkundliche Sich [The Place Name E langen. Se lemen His o y o
Al e langen and E langen om an Onomas ic Pe spec i e]. –
Jah buch ü änkische
Landes o schung
62, [1–20]. Zugang: h p://da en.digi ale-
sammlungen.de/bsb00048855/image_15 [Zug i 03.02.2025].
G eule Alb ech 2016: Gewässe namenschich en im Main-Donau-Raum [Wa e Name Laye s
in he Main-Danube Region]. –
Röme – Baie n – F anken. A chäologie,
Namen o schung, Sp achgeschich e im Main-Donau-Raum
[Romans – Ba a ians –
F anks. A chaeology, Onomas ics, Language His o y in he Main-Danube Region]
7,
h sg. on. R. Be gmann, S. S icke , Bambe g: Uni e si y o Bambe g P ess, 9–23.
IEW I:
Indoge manisches e ymologisches Wö e buch
[Indo-Eu opean E ymological
Dic iona y] 1, on J. Poko ny, Be n, München: F ancke Ve lag, 1959.
Meye zu E mgassen Hein ich, H sg., 1995:
De Codex Ebe ha di des Klos e s Fulda
[The
Codex Ebe ha di o he Fulda Monas e y] 1, Ma bu g: Elwe .
Muse E ns 2024:
Teilweise Umbenennung des Fließgewässe s „S eins elde Mühlbach“ in
den ühe en am lichen Namen „Schwappach“. Ablau des behö dlichen Ve ah ens.
Zusammen assung
[Pa ial Renaming o he Ri e “S eins elde Mühlbach” o I s
22
Zu ge m.
*Hasa
gl. DGNB 210.
23
Zu ch onologischen Schich ung de Gewässe namen in F anken, gl. G eule 2016.
9
Fo me O icial Name “Schwappach”. Cou se o he Adminis a i e P ocedu e.
Summa y] (pe sönliche Mi eilung an A. G eule om 21.10.2024).
Muse He ibe 2024a: Die Bedeu ung des O s- und Gewässe namens „Schwappach“ [The
Meaning o he Place and Wa e Name “Schwappach”], Teil 1. –
De S eige wald
44(1),
3–7.
Muse He ibe 2024b: Die Bedeu ung des O s- und Gewässe namens „Schwappach“ [The
Meaning o he Place and Wa e Name “Schwappach”], Teil 2. –
De S eige wald
44(2),
4–11.
Rei zens ein Wol -A min F h . . 2009: Lexikon änkische O snamen He kun und
Bedeu ung. Obe anken, Mi el anken, Un e anken [Lexicon o F anconian Place
Names: O igin and Meaning. Uppe F anconia, Middle F anconia, Lowe F anconia],
München: C. H. Beck.
Spe be Rüdige , Bea b., 1970:
Das Flussgebie des Mains: Hyd onymia Ge maniae
[The
Ri e Basin o he Main: Hyd onymia Ge maniae],
Reihe
A,
Lie e ung
7, beg . on H.
K ahe, h sg. on W. P. Schmid, Wiesbaden: S eine .
Udolph Jü gen 2023:
Namen – Zeugen de Geschich e
[Names – Wi nesses o His o y], h sg.
on K. Casemi , U. Ohainski, Heidelbe g: Win e .
Waile sbache Raine 1986:
700 Jah e Swapach – Eschenawe – Wunnawe, Obe -,
Un e schwappach, Eschenau, Wohnau
[700 Yea s o Swapach – Eschenawe – Wunnawe,
Obe -, Un e schwappach, Eschenau, Wohnau], h sg. on G. Kne zgau, Haß u :
Tagbla -D ucke ei.
ONLINE-TEXTE
DWB XV:
Deu sches Wö e buch on Jacob und Wilhelm G imm
[Ge man Dic iona y by
Jacob and Wilhelm G imm] 15, digi ale Ve sion. Zugang: h ps://Wö e buchne z.de
[Zug i 28.1.2025].
Schwappach:
Wikipedia
. Zugang: h ps://de.wikipedia.o g>wiki>Schwappach [Zug i
10.1.2025].
Schwebheim (Bu gbe nheim):
Wikipedia
. Zugang:
h ps://de.wikipedia.o g>wiki>Schwebheim_(Bu gbe nheim) [Zug i 25.1.2025].
Sueben:
Wikipedia
. Zugang: h ps://de.wikipedia.o g>wiki>Sueben [Zug i 18.1.2025].