Benennung und Umbenennung von Fließgewässern. Der Fall Schwappach. Ein Nachtrag zum Deutschen Gewässernamenbuch

Li huanian Linguis ic Ac s This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Con en s linked o Tu inio nuo oda ISSN 2669-218X (online elec onically also known as ISSN 2669-218X) Copy igh 2025 by Alb ech G eule. This is a copy igh ed wo k. Published by he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language. This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License, which allows un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e c edi ed. This is he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. This a icle is a i os p ieigos, published in acco dance wi h C ea i e Commons license e ms, au ho iza ion condi ions, non-disclosu e condi ions, pla in i i a ku i u inį be kokioje laikmenoje, indica ing au ho s and sou ce. Recei ed by Gau a: 2025-01-12. Accep ed on he 12 h o Ma ch, 2025. 1 Name and enaming o he luid was e. The I 's he all o Swabia. A Nigh in Ge man I 's called he Wa e Name Book. I 's called upwa d and pe e ed. Duomenų apie Schwappach papildymas o he Ge man shipping company Žodyne I'm no going o lie o you. The Uni e si y o Regensbu g The e-mail add ess is [email p o ec ed] This is ORCID ID: – Scien i ic esea ch a eas: ex g amma , heolinguis ics and spi i ual song, onomas ics, his o ical syn ax. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The anno a ion When and by whom he i e s we e named as hey a e now, we canno unde s and o only guess wi h he help o e ymological hypo heses. Why, o example, was he Rhine i s called he Reinos o he Danube he Danube? The p oblem is ela ed o he high age o he hyd onyms and depends on how long o signi ican a s eam is. The si ua ion is di e en when i comes o enaming a body o wa e . As he case desc ibed in he a icle shows, we can hen ollow closely which con empo a y playe s a e in ol ed in p omo ing o hinde ing a new name change. I is symp oma ic ha in he case o Ba a ia, he Schwappach is a ela i ely sho s eam, bu an in low o a la ge i e , he Main. Fu he mo e, i is in e es ing and signi ican ha he in ol emen o wo homeland esea che s was necessa y o ini ia e a enaming. Thei ini ia i es a e linked o issues o geog aphy, se lemen his o y and name ansmission. Fu he mo e, he e ymology o he hyd onym Schwappach plays an impo an ole and is being discussed anew. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: name o he i e , um- o new name, his o y o he se lemen , e ymology o he name, phan om The name. 2 This is he abs ac . The o igins o hyd onyms when, by whom, and why he lowing wa e s we e i s named as hey a e oday o en emain beyond ou ull unde s anding. We can only specula e, elying on e ymological hypo heses. Fo example, why was he Rhine called *Reinos, o he Danube *Dānewjos? Such ques ions a e deeply ied o he an iqui y o hese names and he signi icance o size o he wa e ways hey deno e. The si ua ion, howe e , changes when i comes o enaming a body o wa e . As he case examined in his a icle demons a es, we can p ecisely ace he indi iduals and ac o s in ol ed in a mode n enaming o he obs acles p e en ing i . A elling example om Ba a ia illus a es his dynamic: Schwappach, hough a ela i ely sho ibu a y o he Main, became he ocus o a enaming e o . No ably, i ook he dedica ed in ol emen o wo local his o ians o ini ia e he p ocess. Thei e o s highligh b oade issues ela ed o geogeog aphy, se lemen his o y, and name ansmission. Addi ionally, he e ymology o he hyd onym Schwappach plays a c ucial ole and is eexamined in ligh o hese de elopmen s. KEYWORDS: i e name, enaming, se lemen his o y, name e ymology, phan om name. 1. The name o he plan The Swallow A wa e name Schwappach will be sea ched in ain in he Ge man Wa e Name Book (DGNB). The se lemen name Schwappach is also hidden among he Composi e names o Lowe Schwappach and Uppe Schwappach. The wo chu ches a e: Pa s o he municipali y o Kne zgau in he dis ic o Haßbe ge in Lowe F anconia (Ba a ia). They a e bo h loca ed on he S eins elde Mühlbach. I s headwa e s, Löh enbach and Eschenaue Mühlbach, o igina e in he S eige wald Na u e Pa k. The S eins elde Mühlbach, oge he wi h he Löh enbach, is o e 10 km long and lows wes om Won u (Landk eis Haßbe ge, Lowe F anconia, Ba a ia) om he le in o he Seebach, which lows in o he Main. In he lowe eaches i is also called Schwappach. 1 The disc epancy be ween he name Schwappach as a se lemen name on he uppe cou se o he Mühlbach s one ield and i s appea ance as a name a ian in he lowe cou se leads expe ienced wa e name esea che s o conclude ha o iginally he whole i e , a leas om he union o he headwa e s o he mou h, was called Schwappach and he I was named a e he lowe cou se. In he se ies Hyd onymia Ge maniae, ounded by Hans K ahe and published by Wol gang P. Schmid, a collec ion o almos all Ge man wa e names wi h hei his o ical e idences, one inds he place names Obe -, Un e schwappach unde he su ix Schwappache See, which acco ding o he Mess ischbla (Topog aphische Ka e 1:25000 o.J., N . 5934) lows igh o he Höcke seeg aben (z. P a bach z. Main). His o ical e idence is no eco ded. Acco ding o cu en knowledge, he localiza ion is inco ec . Tha is why he e is no keywo d Schwappach in he DGNB. 2 The b o he s He ibe Muse and E ns Muse , who g ew up in Un e schwappach, ha e se hemsel es he goal o becoming local expe s in di e en ways, one as a his o ian, he o he as a lawye , he old uni o m name o he S eins elde Mühlbach, Schwappach-Wikipedia. See 1 he illus a ed desc ip ion o he low o he i e by Muse 2024a and 2024b and he di e en names o he lowing wa e in Cape Town. 2. 2 Spa ows in 1970: 211. 3 I would like o ask he P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on he En i onmen , Public Heal h and Consume P o ec ion. Chap e 2 "A emp s a enaming" desc ibes he adminis a i e obs acles ha had o be o e come and he success achie ed. 2. A emp o ename The opog aphical maps (L 6128) issued by he Ba a ian S a e Su ey O ice in 1980 show ha in he S eige wald and in Ho hausen (municipali y o The es, dis ic o Haßbe ge) in he Main mündende lowing wa e s s ill wi h he name Schwappach. Howe e , in o icial maps published in 2020, he same wa e is called S eins elde Mühlbach. Wi hin 40 yea s, he o icial name was changed wi hou his ha ing been no iced o in o med by he municipal adminis a ion o Kne zgau and he inhabi an s o Obe und Un e schwappach. Con a y o he gene al assump ion ha he local inhabi an s do no ca e wha he wa e hey li e on is o icially called and on he maps, he homeland esea che s E ns and He ibe Muse ha e made i hei ask o make he connec ion be ween he name o he Schwappach s eam and he se lemen names (Uppe , Lowe Schwappach) ca og aphically isible and o icially es o e i . He ibe Muse explo ed in an essay he his o ical dep h o he name Schwappach h ough e ymological in es iga ions (see chap e 3), E ns Muse as a lawye did no wan o accep quie ly ha he said wa e "wi hou any ecognizable jus i ica ion" has been leading o some ime he o icial name "S eins elde Mühlbach" and should con inue o do so in he u u e. Bu abo e all, he opp essi e hough in he I is clea ha he wo Schwappach illages ha e been dep i ed o hei 'pa e ni y' o he name o hei place by he name change. I could no be uled ou ha he gene ally accep ed hesis in his o ical esea ch, acco ding o which se lemen s o med on wa e s ha e gene ally adop ed he olde name o he wa e as a place name, has emained unno iced. In addi ion, local esiden s ha e no been gi en he oppo uni y o exp ess hei opinions. He in e es s and eelings could ha e been signi ican ly damaged by his. 3 Wi h he o icial eques o a e iew o he hyd onymic ma e and wi h he sugges ion o e u n he o iginal name Schwappach o he wa e , E ns Muse s a ed an o icial exchange o le e s on 9 June 2023, which ended wi h he announcemen o he pa ial enaming o he wa e S eins elde Mühlbach in Schwappach on 29 July 2024. P e iously, he […]Landesam ü Digi alisie ung, B ei band und Ve messung[…], he Bad Kissingen Wa e Managemen O ice, he municipali ies in ol ed and he Ba a ian Minis y o he En i onmen and Consume P o ec ion we e in ol ed. A e se e al b ie ings ejec ing a enaming in he sense o he pe i ione , on 29.2.2024 he Bad Kissingen Wa e Managemen O ice su p isingly announced ha a pa ial enaming had now been decided and only had o be ca ied ou . 3 2024 Muse : 1s yea 4 4 Wha led o he change o hea o he au ho i ies is no known. The inal ea men by he Haßbe ge Coun y Council and he e iew by he Legal Depa men led o he ollowing announcemen published in he O icial Jou nal o he Coun y: […] […]The sec ion o he […]S eins elde Mühlbach[…] wa e way is enamed om he con luence o he […]Löh enbach[…] wi h he […]Eschenaue Mühlbach[…] in on o Obe schwappach (municipali y o Kne zgau) o he mou h o he […]Zabelbach[…] a he Hohenmühle (municipali y o Schwappachgau[…]. The e o s o he homeland esea che s o o icially and o icially es o e he o iginal o e all name Schwappach, p esumed based on his o ical indings, led only o he pa ial success ha he hyd onym Schwappach was decla ed he name o he sec ion o he S eins elde Mühlbach ha lows h ough Obe und Un e schwappach. The name S eins elde Mühlbach emains as he sec ion name o he lowe cou se. […] On he consequences o he o icial pa ial enaming o he name lexicog aphy, see chap e . 5. 3. e ymology o he name The desi ed, only pa ially success ul enaming o he S eins elde Mühlbachs was scien i ically subs an ially p omo ed by he esea ches o He ibe Muse on E ymology and age o he name Schwappach, published in 2024 in De S eige wald. A magazine o a F ankish landscape. This was p omp ed by he deba e o e he e ymology o 5 he alley o Schwappach in he Homeland Book, which is based on he p esumably oldes documen a y men ion o he name Schwappach. I 's called Suabaha, and i 's ound in he Codex Ebe ha di, a 12 h-cen u y codex. I is da ed o he yea 800 A.D. (Mo e in o ma ion on 6 Suabaha, see chap e 4). The secu ed names o he name e e o he Schwappach places: 1285 (?) Swapach, 1303 Swopach; In common pa lance, he name is Schwabbi. The mo e ecen his o ical e idence is well de i ed om he oldes o m Suabaha ( eads Swab-aha), whe eby he change in he spelling o -b- in Suabaha o -p- in he la e e idence can be aced back as a e lex o he Ba a ian spelling 7 <p> ins ead o <b>. Also he second link o he compound Suab-aha, which in Old High Ge man mean " lowing wa e ", egula ly appea s in Sou h Ge man wa e names weakened as -ach (as an independen appella i e Ach, Ache, e c.). 4 Muse o 2024: 4. 5 Muse is 2024a; 2024b. 6 Waile sbache 1986: 1219. He is a membe o he Ge man na ional eam. 7 Documen s acco ding o Muse 2024a: 4; Muse 2024b: 8. The wo Schwappach places a e lis ed in he Codex Ebe ha d I, 177 a, as […]Eshinowe ubi es cu ia sicu Hamelenbu g. In quam cu iam pe inen , swapach, swapach is localized; Obe schwappach as […]si a iux a ecclesiam Gangol i[…]. I is also known as […]si a iux a ecclesiam Gangol i[…]. 5 Muse 's a gumen a ion is no di ec ed agains he phone ic de elopmen o he name, bu agains he in e p e a ion as "Schwaben-bach". Jus as Wol -A min . Rei zens ein wi h e e ence o he ci y o Schwabach in Cen al F anconia a he mou h o he i e Schwabach in he Main (called Suabach in annals o he 12 h cen u y) e e s he de e mina i e wo d Suab-(ach) o he Alemanni, i is also explained in he homeland book o he alley o he Schwappach ha he name Schwappach (< Suabaha) e e s o he p esence o […]Mainsueben[…] a he u n o he 2nd cen u y. / 1. Jh. The yea is A.D. o be a ibu ed. A ound 60 B.C.E. The Suebens and o he s ushed in. 8 9 10 Acco ding o a chaeological sou ces, he e we e solid se lemen s on he Main and no h o i . These so-called […]Mainsueben[…], we e buil in 10/9 BC. Subjec ed by D usus. Howe e , a chaeological inds would ha e o p o e ha he Suebi eally se led on he Main and on he 11 edge o he S eige wald pe manen ly. I is also ques ionable whe he hei name was ixed in a hyd onym and could ha e been handed down un il he Middle Ages. 12 He ibe Muse opposes he unce ain e ymology o he name Schwappach as […]Schwaben-bach[…] wi h an al e na i e based on he […]geog aphical-hyd ological examina ion o he wa e , i s o igin and cou se in he landscape ha shaped i and also shaped i .[…] I is s iking ha he wa e le el o he Schwappach depends on he clima ic condi ions in he a ea o o igin, he S eige wald, whose heigh s in e cep he ainy clouds coming om he wes , and in he case o longe ain all he e a e co esponding wa e masses, which in he ield and 13 meadows, which all only sligh ly, lead o signi ican looding and looding o onsho e p ope ies. In Un e schwappach and in he s eep-sided S eins eld, a me s se led nea he wa e cou se and su e ed om looding. […]The endency o he s eam o o e low is also s ill no iceable in ecen imes.[…] 14 No mally, a name e ymology seeks he app op ia e designa ion mo i o a gi en name. In he p esen case, i is he o he way a ound: one has a plausible naming mo i o he e e ence objec , he Schwappach, bu is looking o a sui able appella i e. The appella ion ha bes cha ac e ized he i e coming om he S eige wald, which ended o lood in he lowe eaches, leading o swamping, was he Ge man wo d schwappen. The DWB, Bd. 15 (DWB XV) and Sp. 2281, gi es he ollowing desc ip ion o he meaning o "swamp": "ac ually o liquids", p esupposes he ac ual equa ion o (Old High Ge man) Suāba " he Swabians" wi h he Alemanni and ha he "Mainsueben" called hemsel es Suāba o we e called. 8 9 Rei zens ein 2009: 203. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . 10 Waile sbache 1986: 18 . This is he i s ime I' e seen i . 11 See also: Wikipedia. 12 Fo he age o he wa e s named Schwab, see also Fas nach 2002: 1318. 13 Muse 2024b: 4 and 7. 14 This is Muse 2024b: 6. 6 I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I don' know wha I'm doing. o uns able, swampy, so , a masses, sha e ing, luc ua ing and so on. […] and leads as he oldes e idence: Joh. Ba h, Weibe spiegel, 1565: "Wi h he wa e e c. in ca ying he swamp". Wi h his e ymological backg ound, he Schwappach joins a g oup o lowing wa e s in he ca chmen a ea o he Main and he Necka , such as: Schwabbach and Schwabach, o which simila geological-hyd og aphic condi ions may ha e applied as hose o he Schwappach desc ibed abo e. The his o ical e idence o all names gi es he ollowing pic u e in sum: 8. Jh. Suabaha, 15 9 h cen u y Suabah, 11 h cen u y Suapaha, S aba, in he 12 h cen u y. Suaba, 13 h cen u y Swapah, Swapach, in he 14 h cen u y. Swabach, 15 h cen u y I 's called Swapach, Schwabach. The changes in he name ha can be de ec ed in he w i ings in he cou se o his o y can all be explained by known sound changes. As a s a ing o m o all names, ahd can be used. *Swab-aha, wi h sound shi ing *Swap-aha apply. The i s componen o he i e name *Swab-aha can be e ymologically ela ed o he e b s em o nhd. swabb-en, (wi h sound shi ) schwapp-en (s.o.) a e associa ed […] wi h he di e ence ha he e b s em is doubled compa ed o he nominal s em *swabim ou low, which is an in ensi ica ion o he designa ion o he (i e a i e) p ocess o o e low in ended and onoma opoe ic condi ion (see he in e jec ion schwapp!). The u he e ymology o Ge manic *swab is unclea ; I 's p obably a Wes Ge manic sound-symbolic wo d c ea ion. Seman ically and mo phologically, he English wo d swamp is closely ela ed o he English wo d ' o pu unde wa e , o lood; Swamp, i you' e nex o ge m. The Swabian a ian o he ge m. *swap akes ha a ound a nasal ix 16 (-m-) has 17 been ex ended. 4. SUABAHA (KNETZGAU) […] Wha is he name o a phan om? Does he e idence o Suabaha om he Codex Ebe ha di eally e e o he ON? Schwappach (municipali y o Kne zgau)? A look a he digi ized manusc ip o he Codex Ebe ha di I, 152 b (Digi alized No. 304) shows ha Suabaha (wi hou sepa a ion poin ) be o e Suabheim in he complex o places, including Bie gila (Ma k be gel, Cen al F anconia) and V ba eshei (m) (= U e sheim, Cen al F anks) […]in pago Rangewe[…] (= Rangau, Cen al F anks), which […] he comi issa Reginsuin […] dona ed o he monas e y o Fulda, is w i en. The ex is a copied exce p om a adi ional documen da ing back o he 9 h cen u y. I is da ed and bea s he numbe 93 in he edi ion o he Codex Ebe ha di. 18 15 See also This is DGNB 484 and DONB 573. 16 The DWB XV, Sp. 2198, pu s unde he keywo d Schwamm (ahd. swamp) English swamp, wi h Ge man schwappen in ela ion. Acco ding o he DWB, he o iginal meaning o "swamp" was " he yielding, luc ua ing mass". 17 See also I.E.W. I 1052. Wha is i ? 18 Meye o E mgassen in 1995: 259. 7 The ques ion a ises as o whe he he Syn agma Suabaha Suabheim is wo places o jus one. The e idence is 9 h cen u y. Suabheim is e e ed o in Wikipedia as Schwebheim (Bu gbe nheim) in e e ence o oday's Schwebheim (Ci y o Bu gbe nheim, dis ic o Neus ad an de Aisch-Bad Windsheim, Cen al F anconia) and no as in Rei zens ein: 205) o Schwebheim (Dis ic o Schwein u , Lowe F anconia). A Schwebheim (Mi el anken) he ish- ich Aisch is bo n. I is concei able ha in he empla e documen s o he Codex Ebe ha di < suabah heim> was w i en as he name o a se lemen , oday's Swebheim (Mi el anken), and he copyis acciden ally o in en ionally made wo names ou o i : Suabaha and Suabheim. I do no conside […]suabah> o be a i e name, bu an a ea name e e ing o he sou ce o he Aisch abou a qua e o a mile sou h o he cen e o Schwebheim. The ini ial o m o he a ea name (ahd.) *Suab-ahi n., la e *Swebech, *Swebich, is om ge m. * swab- (see chap e 3) wi h he collec i e su ix ahd. - de i ed om. As soon as Suabah wi h he 19 The basic wo d home was composed, was *Suabah(i)home haplologically sho ened o Suabheim, la e also *Suebichhe- im o Swebheim e c., in he e nacula šwęb. Fo compa ison, he ON. Schwebda (municipali y o Meinha d in he no he n Hessian We a-Meißne dis ic ), loca ed on he eas e n slope o he Meinha d on he We a, o be used: 9 h cen u y. Suebada (documen o he impe ial abbey o Fulda), 1243 Sueuede, 1269 in Swebede, o iginally he job i le *Swab-idi, om ge m. *swab-(s.o.) wi h he Collec i e su ix as. - I 's de i ed. So we ha e a pai o 20 synonymic a ea names. Swab-ahi (in Cen al F anconia) nex o Swab-idi (in No h Hesse), bo h names a e om he same oo wo d ge m. *swab-‘ he o e lowing de i ed wi h di e en su ixes. On he o he hand, i is ce ain ha he name Suabaha is no a phan om name, bu i does no e e o Schwappach (Un e anken), bu o Schwebheim (Mi el anken). 5. SWAPE: NIGHT WITH DGNB The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew: E en wi hou he e idence o Suabaha in he Codex Ebe ha di, he Schwappach can be classi ied in he g oup o Schwabach wa e names and mus be included in he DGNB by supplemen . The i e name Schwappach i s well in o he geog aphical name landscape a ound Kne zgau. The coun e pa o Schwappach is he one on he o he side o he Main coming om he Haßbe gen and in Haß u mündende Nassach (in Haß u zum Main). Bo h names a e composi es wi h he oo wo d ahd. Ah, he loodwa e s and all ha . 21 The e m "de e mina ion" e e s o hyd ological peculia i ies (o e low endency, su ounding lo a). Because o his way o educa ion, hey can be a 19 In 1953, Bach w o e § 193 […] 195, 160 […] 162. 20 F om esea ch in gene al o ahd. swebēn […]wogen, wallen, mo e, swim[…] placed, see also Udolph , please . 2023: 148. 21 See also Nassach. This is DGNB 370. 8 Wa e names a e a ibu ed o a laye whose designa ion was made by se le s in he ea ly Middle Ages. Olde s a a o names belong only o he p e-Ge manic name o he Main (La in Moenus) as well as he names Haß u , Hassgau and Hassbe ge Wa e name ge m. Hasa, he old name o he Nassach. The younges laye o wa e 22 names includes he name Löh enbach, one o he sou ce s eams o he Schwappach, which is named a e he Lä chen s ock (in 23 he S eige wald). LITERATUR Bach Adol 1953: Deu sche Namenkunde II: Die deu schen O snamen [Ge man Onomas ics II: Ge man Place Names] 1, Heidelbe g, Win e . Codex Ebe ha di: Digi alisa e des Codex Ebe ha di [Digi al copies o he Codex Ebe ha di]: HS AM K 425 und HS AM K 426 . Zugang: h ps//a cinsys.hessen.de>a cinsys>lis .ac ion [Zug i 20.01.2025]. DGNB: Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch: E ymologie de Gewässe namen und de zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen [Ge man Wa e Name Book: E ymology o Wa e Names and he Associa ed A ea, Se lemen and Field Names], on A. G eule, Be lin, Bos on: De G uy e , 2014. DONB: Deu sches O snamenbuch [Ge man Place Name Book], h sg. on M. Niemeye , Be lin, Bos on: De G uy e , 2012. Fas nach Do o hea 2002: De O sname E langen. Siedlungsgeschich e on Al e langen und E langen aus namenkundliche Sich [The Place Name E langen. Se lemen His o y o Al e langen and E langen om an Onomas ic Pe spec i e]. – Jah buch ü änkische Landes o schung 62, [1–20]. Zugang: h p://da en.digi ale- sammlungen.de/bsb00048855/image_15 [Zug i 03.02.2025]. G eule Alb ech 2016: Gewässe namenschich en im Main-Donau-Raum [Wa e Name Laye s in he Main-Danube Region]. – Röme – Baie n – F anken. A chäologie, Namen o schung, Sp achgeschich e im Main-Donau-Raum [Romans – Ba a ians – F anks. A chaeology, Onomas ics, Language His o y in he Main-Danube Region] 7, h sg. on. R. Be gmann, S. S icke , Bambe g: Uni e si y o Bambe g P ess, 9–23. IEW I: Indoge manisches e ymologisches Wö e buch [Indo-Eu opean E ymological Dic iona y] 1, on J. Poko ny, Be n, München: F ancke Ve lag, 1959. Meye zu E mgassen Hein ich, H sg., 1995: De Codex Ebe ha di des Klos e s Fulda [The Codex Ebe ha di o he Fulda Monas e y] 1, Ma bu g: Elwe . Muse E ns 2024: Teilweise Umbenennung des Fließgewässe s „S eins elde Mühlbach“ in den ühe en am lichen Namen „Schwappach“. Ablau des behö dlichen Ve ah ens. Zusammen assung [Pa ial Renaming o he Ri e “S eins elde Mühlbach” o I s 22 Zu ge m. *Hasa gl. DGNB 210. 23 Zu ch onologischen Schich ung de Gewässe namen in F anken, gl. G eule 2016. 9 Fo me O icial Name “Schwappach”. Cou se o he Adminis a i e P ocedu e. Summa y] (pe sönliche Mi eilung an A. G eule om 21.10.2024). Muse He ibe 2024a: Die Bedeu ung des O s- und Gewässe namens „Schwappach“ [The Meaning o he Place and Wa e Name “Schwappach”], Teil 1. – De S eige wald 44(1), 3–7. Muse He ibe 2024b: Die Bedeu ung des O s- und Gewässe namens „Schwappach“ [The Meaning o he Place and Wa e Name “Schwappach”], Teil 2. – De S eige wald 44(2), 4–11. Rei zens ein Wol -A min F h . . 2009: Lexikon änkische O snamen He kun und Bedeu ung. Obe anken, Mi el anken, Un e anken [Lexicon o F anconian Place Names: O igin and Meaning. Uppe F anconia, Middle F anconia, Lowe F anconia], München: C. H. Beck. Spe be Rüdige , Bea b., 1970: Das Flussgebie des Mains: Hyd onymia Ge maniae [The Ri e Basin o he Main: Hyd onymia Ge maniae], Reihe A, Lie e ung 7, beg . on H. K ahe, h sg. on W. P. Schmid, Wiesbaden: S eine . Udolph Jü gen 2023: Namen – Zeugen de Geschich e [Names – Wi nesses o His o y], h sg. on K. Casemi , U. Ohainski, Heidelbe g: Win e . Waile sbache Raine 1986: 700 Jah e Swapach – Eschenawe – Wunnawe, Obe -, Un e schwappach, Eschenau, Wohnau [700 Yea s o Swapach – Eschenawe – Wunnawe, Obe -, Un e schwappach, Eschenau, Wohnau], h sg. on G. Kne zgau, Haß u : Tagbla -D ucke ei. ONLINE-TEXTE DWB XV: Deu sches Wö e buch on Jacob und Wilhelm G imm [Ge man Dic iona y by Jacob and Wilhelm G imm] 15, digi ale Ve sion. Zugang: h ps://Wö e buchne z.de [Zug i 28.1.2025]. Schwappach: Wikipedia . Zugang: h ps://de.wikipedia.o g>wiki>Schwappach [Zug i 10.1.2025]. Schwebheim (Bu gbe nheim): Wikipedia . Zugang: h ps://de.wikipedia.o g>wiki>Schwebheim_(Bu gbe nheim) [Zug i 25.1.2025]. Sueben: Wikipedia . Zugang: h ps://de.wikipedia.o g>wiki>Sueben [Zug i 18.1.2025].