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S uc u al and Seman ic Analysis
o Economic Te minology in Compu e
Fo ums on Economics
ElEna loguno a
Kalining ad S a e Technical Uni e si y
KEYWORDS: economic compu e discou se, s uc u al and seman ic analysis, bina y e mi-
nological models, one wo d e ms, seman ic de i a ion, composi ion models, mul icom-
ponen e ms
The a icle is de o ed o s uc u al and seman ic analysis o eco-
nomic e minology in compu e o ums on economy. I e lec s he
ypes o e ms o economic o ums and he main s uc u al ways o
hei nomina ion. The au ho also analyses he s uc u e o o ums and
he main lexical uni s and compu e signs o economic discou se.
The compu e discou se ep esen s he communica ion which is unde -
s ood as in e ac ion o pa icipan s o communica ion who exchange hei
opinions, di e en in o ma ion and emo ions by means o compu e ech-
nologies and he In e ne .
In ou esea ch we conside an economic o um (elec onic con e ence)
as a mac o-uni . The o um as a mac o-uni consis s o sub- o ums which
e lec he mos ac ual componen s o a conc e e mac o-uni . Sub- o ums
a e ep esen ed by discussion o subjec s. The subjec , as a ule, is a con-
cep ual co e o discussion and is ealized in s a emen s/messages.
Lexical uni s o a compu e discou se and speci ic compu e signs (g aph-
ic and icon signs) belong o he main uni s o he s a emen (message).
Lexical uni s a e ep esen ed by e ms, p o essionalisms, eponyms, ja -
gon (“lexicon o he educed s yle”), abb e ia ions and he non- e mino-
logical lexicon consis ing o gene al scien i ic wo ds and common lexicon.
In he p ocess o he analysis o compu e o ums on economics he
ollowing ypes o e ms we e e ealed:
– Economic e ms: asse s, liabili ies, in es o capi al, accoun abili y, a -
ge ma ke , g ow h cycle, expense, liquidi y, inancial managemen , a ge
2 2 Elena Loguno a | S uc u al and Seman ic Analysis o Economic Te minology
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ma ke , balance shee , income, easu y secu i ies, c edi , s ock ma ke ,
sha e, ade de ici , co po a e managemen , und, in es men policy,
economy sys em, di idend, clea ing bank, ax, g oss p o i , join en u e,
cash low, s akeholde , alue added ax, e c.
– Te ms o legal sphe e: plain i , lawsui , li iga ion ma e , sanc ion, im-
p isonmen , judgmen , c ime, legisla ion, pending li iga ion, iducia y
du y, egula ion, pac , copy igh s, pi acy, in ellec ual p ope y, e c.
– Te ms o social sphe e: in e pe sonal communica ion, popula ion, cul u e,
public, social sys em, demog aphy, bi h a e, labo uni s, s ike, beha io ,
su i al a e, gende gap, e c.
– Te ms o echnical sphe e: machine, ool, engine, equipmen , semi-
conduc o , aile -moun ed sys em, e c.
– Te ms o poli ical science: democ acy, socialism, communism, 21s cen-
u y capi alism, poli ical con es , democ acy, seismic poli ical change, e c.
– Te ms o educa ional sphe e: g adua e, s uden , p o ession, educa ion,
p epa a o y school, mid-le el ins i u ion, acul y, nu se-educa o , ui ion,
ma hema ics, diploma, school, acul y, e c.
As a esul o he selec ion which has been ca ied ou on ou si es
and 104 sub o ums p esen ed he e, we disco e ed he ollowing pe cen -
age o e ms in compa ison wi h non- e minological ocabula ies in di -
e en o ums:
– 65% o e ms in “The Business Fo um Online”,
– 46% o e ms in “Global Business Ne wo k”,
– 45% o e ms in “Aa d a k Business Fo um”,
– 40% o e ms in “Know-How Business Fo um”.
As ex s o o ums ep esen o al language, a discou se o he o ums
which a e ealized in he dialogue mode (“Aa d a k Business Fo um”,
“Know-How Business Fo um”, “Global Business Ne wo k”) is ep esen -
ed in ques ion-answe o m and has a highe p opo ion o is mo e sa u -
a ed wi h non- e minological ocabula ies which is also caused by pa -
icipa ion in such o ums a la ge numbe o use s wi h di e en le els o
knowledge in economics. In u n, “The Business Fo um Online” ep e-
sen ed by monological speech, o mo e han 60% consis s o e ms. The
majo i y o e ms o he “Business Fo um Online” a e e ms o econom-
ics and his na ows he numbe o use s o his si e o a ci cle o p o es-
sionals wi h a good knowledge o economic science.
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The ma e ial o 1800 lexical uni s which was p e iously selec ed using
me hod o con inuous selec ion was subjec ed by us o he s uc u al and
seman ic analysis, as a esul o which ypical s uc u al ways o he nom-
ina ion we e alloca ed:
A ixal wo d- o ma ion models:
– he p e ixa ion models: econcilia ion, eassignmen , eimbu semen ,
es a emen , una ailabili y, un unded, unbalance, undiscoun ed, unde -
paymen , mul ibuye , mul icu ency, inpaymen , incon e ibili y, co-c ed-
i o , co-deb o , coope a ion, ex-di idend, exchange, hype ma ke , hype -
in la ion e c.
P e ixes play an impo an ole in de i a ion o he s udied e minol-
ogy, hey a e used o speci ying he ini ial s uc u e, o example, o a
nega i e ca ego y “ he phenomena and concep s”: unemploymen ( he
model bea s alue o “lack o wo k”), nonpaymen ( he model bea s alue
o “lack o paymen ”).
Applica ion o he p e ix co- is ound in wo d- o ma ion models o de-
i a i e wo ds, o example, in he a ea o managemen : coope a ion, coo d-
ina ion, co-managemen ; i has a meaning o join implemen a ion o ac ion.
The p e ix e- is a he o en used and exp esses epea ed ac ion ( e-
s a emen – epea ed submission o inancial s a emen s, econcilia ion –
coo dina ion, e i ica ion o accoun s; eimbu semen – compensa ion).
Mul i- means “ olume, plu ali y” (mul ina ional – mul ina ional company).
Un- exp esses nega i e alue “a sho coming, o absence o some hing”:
una ailabili y –absence o a ailabili y; unbalance – disc epancy.
– The models o med by means o su ixes: se lemen , in es o , accoun -
ing, accoun abili y, ma ke ing, managemen , inancial, planne , discoun -
e , compe i i eness, ec ui ing, co po a ion, epo ing, economis , manage -
ial, economic, en ep eneu ial, o ganiza ional, monopolis ic, compensa ion,
nego ia ion, e c.
The mos common su ixes used in o ming he s udied e minology
a e he ollowing: -e /o (discoun e , dis ibu o ), -ion (commodiza ion,
co po a ion), -ing (accoun ing), -ic (economic), -an (accoun an ), -men
(managemen ), -able (ma ke able), -i e (compe i i e), -al (en ep eneu ial,
bene icial), -ship (pa ne ship).
The analysis has also shown he exis ence o he whole de i a ional
amilies o wo ds: manage, manage , managemen , manage ial; in es , in es-
2 4 Elena Loguno a | S uc u al and Seman ic Analysis o Economic Te minology
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o , in es men ; accoun , accoun an , accoun abili y, accoun ing, e c. Seman-
ics o such de i a i es and compound e ms is composi e, and e lec s
a ious p o essional ca ego ies, o example: manage – ca ego y o man-
agemen p ocess, manage – ca ego y o he subjec , managemen – ca -
ego y o economic a ea.
Composi ion models: c oss-ma ke ing, ma ke place, wo ld-changing, s ake-
holde , isk-managemen , salespeople, headqua e , adema k, businessman,
union-managemen , communi y-based o ganiza ion, home-based business, e c.
Composi ion models whe e he basic componen is equal o an inde-
penden wo d, is a p oduc i e way o e m o ma ion and i allows concep s
o di e en sphe es o knowledge o be combined in one e m.
The ph ases in economic e minology a e o med on he ollowing
models: N+N; Adj+N; Ving +N; (Adj, V-ing)+N.
The g ea es numbe o e ms in economic discou se is cons i u ed by
bina y e m ph ases (1126 uni s): ins i u ional in es o , inancial manage-
men , inancial s a e, consume loyal y, consume acquisi ion, consume de en-
ion, selling inno a ions, p ac ice o business ela ions, selling skills, he a -
ge ma ke , he con ol ool, managemen ins i u ion, ma ke s a is ic, junk
bond, mul ina ional co po a ion, economic o ces, en ep eneu ial leade , eco-
nomic wo ld, na ional economy, economic powe , economic game, se ice sales,
comme cial isk, le e o c edi , anspa en expo , in e na ional ade, co -
po a e en i y, balance o paymen , annual g ow h, ma ke esea ch, p ima y
business, speci ic ma ke , manu ac u ing ans e , join en u e, o sho e pa -
ne , labo sho age, independen business, leading i m, ading i m, eco-
nomic de elopmen , business communi y, economic mo i a ion, en ep eneu -
ial ins i u ion, expo s a egy, ea men managemen , o ganiza ional manage-
men , expo oppo uni y, consume esou ces, bene i package, deal b eake ,
supplie pa ne ship, con ac ul illmen , pu chasing depa men s, manu ac-
u ing/deli e y p ocess, ma ke ing oppo uni y, de elopmen cos s, non-com-
pe i i e plan , p oduc line, inancial image, b oke age house, inancial oun-
da ion, iscal yea , cash leaks, business o ma ion, e c. Such e minological
ph ases ha e mo e oppo uni ies o exp ession o he concep ual con en s
han one wo d e ms.
The ollowing po ion – 173 e minological uni s – consis s o mul i-
componen e ms ( h ee wo d e ms and e ms consis ing o ou wo ds
and mo e).
2 5Te minologija | 2016 | 23
Mul icomponen e ms a e dis ibu ed acco ding o he ollowing s uc-
u al models:
1) Adj +N + N ( ec ui ing boom cycle, inancial se ice i m, mu ual
und owne , absolu e cos ad an age, o e all ma ke s a egy, ac ual
p oduc pe o mance, cu en business c unch);
2) Adj + Adj +N (unipola economic wo ld, subs an ial seconda y ma -
ke , low di ec expenses, se e e economic p essu e);
3) N+N+N (exchange a e gua an ees, endo selec ion p ocess, bed-and-
b eak as en u e, p oduc de elopmen g oup, job sha e eam, da abase
managemen sys em, non-p o i subsidia y co po a ion);
4) Adj + (Adj, V-ing) +N ( inancial epo ing pe iod, collabo a i e wo k-
ing pa ne ship, ideal ma ke ing s a egy, daily ading limi );
5) Adj+ N +N+N (common ma ke en y s a egy, acc ual basis income
s a emen );
6) (V-ed, Adj)+(V-ing, Adj)+N (non-employed wo king s yle, sel -em-
ployed wo king s yle);
7) (V-ed, Adj)+Adj+(V-ing, Adj)+N (de ailed ealis ic ma ke ing plan);
8) (V-ed, Adj) +N + Adj (acc ued axes payable);
9) Adj +N+ Adj + N +N (global ne wo k disc imina o y ax policy);
10) Adj + Adj + N +N (s a egic inancial managemen issues);
11) Adj + Adj + Adj +N (chie s a egic inancial planne );
12) N o N +(V-ing, Adj)+N ( ace- o- ace wo king mee ing).
Value o wo, h ee and mo e componen e ms e lec s he alue o
each o he componen s making a nomina i e complex no simply he
sum o alues, bu he esul o in eg a ion o he cogni i e p ocesses
happening while o ming such composi e meaning (Новодранова, Лейчик
2002: 59).
I is necessa y o add ha abb e ia ions (95 uni s) play an impo an
ole in economic compu e discou se, and hey can be di ided in o 2
g oups:
1. Te minological abb e ia ions. Fo example: GAAT (Gene al Ag eemen
on Ta i s and T ade), WTO ( he Wo ld T ade O ganiza ion), NASA (News-
pape Ad e ising Sales Associa ion), UAW (Uni ed Au o Wo ke s), GM
(Gene al Mo o s), SBA (Small Business Adminis a ion), OEM (O iginal
Equipmen Manu ac u e ), e c.
2. Gene al abb e ia ions, such as ASAP (as soon as possible), IMHO (in
my humble/hones opinion), e c.

2 6 Elena Loguno a | S uc u al and Seman ic Analysis o Economic Te minology
| in Compu e Fo ums on Economics
The use o abb e ia ions in economic compu e o ums, besides he
pu pose o language economy, pu sues he aim o economy o place and
ime o egis a ion o a message and s aying in ne wo k.
Ano he speci ic cha ac e is ic o e m o ma ion in economic com-
pu e discou se is he seman ic de i a ion. Seman ic de i a ion can be
ea ed as he p ocess and esul o seconda y nomina ion co e ing he
whole lexical sys em o language and e lec ing he dynamics o i s con-
inuous de elopmen and change as e lec ion o di icul men al, asso-
cia i e, cogni i e p ocesses o people’s hinking.
Seman ic de i a i es a e o med as a esul o using common wo ds as
e ms by means o seman ic ans o ma ion. I should be no ed ha he
lexical meaning o a wo d can coincide wi h he e minological meaning,
bu can di e om i due o he discou se whe e i is used (Гусева 2004:
104). Fo example, a wo d “u ili y” in economic compu e discou se means
“bonds o he en e p ises”; “ eedback” in he ield o ma ke ing means
“communica ion wi h consume s, in o ma ion om consume s”, in he
ield o managemen “ egula epo s o pe o me s on he cu en ac i i y,
in o ma ion on esul s o ce ain ac ions o amending u u e decisions” e c.
CONCLUSIONS
The ca ied-ou analysis o lexical componen s o an economic com-
pu e discou se showed ha he mos commonly used a e he bina y
models – 62%. They a e mos ly o med using he ollowing models: Adj. +
N ( inancial managemen ), N+N (s ock ma ke ), V-ing + N (pu chasing
depa men ).
– One wo d e ms ake he second place – 23%.
– Mul icomponen e ms – 9,6%.
– Abb e ia ions – 5,3%.
The analysis showed a numbe o lexical uni s which, depending on he
communica i e en i onmen hey a e used in and he ole hey need o
play he e, may be e ms o o dina y wo ds.
The analysis e ealed ha he bigges pa o e ms o economic dis-
cou se o o ums belong o economic e ms which e lec basic concep s
and ca ego ies o economy (ma ke ing, managemen , accoun ing, e c.).
A he end i is necessa y o add ha non- e minological lexicon along
wi h e ms o a ious scien i ic a eas also plays an impo an ole in eco-
nomic discou se. Non- e minological uni s help o c ea e a discou se, unc-
2 7Te minologija | 2016 | 23
ion as a o m o add ess (as you ha e no iced, e c.), o m he logical
s uc u e o a discou se ( i s ly, ne e heless e c.). Such uni s ul ill hose
unc ions which a e inaccessible o e ms bu which a e needed o o ming
and de elopmen o success ul communica i e ac , e balized in a discou se.
SOURCES
Aa d a k Business Fo um [Elec onic esou ce]. – Mode o access: h p://www.aa d a kbusiness.ne .
Global Business Ne wo k Online [Elec onic esou ce]. – Mode o access: h p://www.business o um.ne .
Know-How Business Fo um Online [Elec onic esou ce]. – Mode o access: h p://www.businessknowhow.com.
The Business Fo um Online [Elec onic esou ce]. – Mode o access: h p://www.business o um.com.
REFERENCES
Ga es B. 2000: Business @ he Speed o Though , New Yo k: Wa ne Books. 440 p.
Jackendo R. 1993: Seman ics and Cogni ion, Camb idge, Mass, London: The MIT P ess. 283 p.
Jackendo R. 1995: Languages o he mind. – Essays on Men al Rep esen a ion, Camb idge, London:
The MIT P ess. 195 p.
Langacke R. W. 1991: Concep , image and symbol: The Cogni i e basis o g amma , N.Y.: Mon on
de G uy e . 395 p.
Ma kel M. 1998: Technical communica ion. Si ua ion and S a egies, NY: S . Ma in’s P ess, Inc. 732 p.
Pich H. 2002: The concep in e minology: a uni o hough , knowledge o cogni ion? – Научно-
техническая терминология. Научно-реф. сб-к, вып. 2, Москва. 71 с.
Гусева И. Г. 2004: Когнитивно-дискурсивный анализ межотраслевой экологической терминологии в
области рыбного промысла (на материале английского языка). Дис. ... канд. филол. наук,
Калининград. 291 c.
Новодранова В. Ф., Лейчик В. М. 2002: Понятие и концепт. – Научно-техническая терминология.
Науч.-реф. сб., вып. 2, Москва, 59–60.
EKONOMIKOS FORUMUOSE VARTOJAMOS EKONOMIKOS TERMINIJOS STRUKTŪRINĖ IR SEMANTINĖ ANALIZĖ
S aipsnis ski as ekonomikos o umų leksikos s uk ū inei i seman inei analizei.
Da be nag inėjama iš sky ių suda y o o umo, ku iame y a eminių o umų, s uk ū a.
Pažymima, kad eminius o umus ep ezen uoja juose esančios emos (jose glūdi są o-
kinis diskusijų b anduolys), suda y os iš pasisakymų. Pasisakymai apima leksinius
kompiu e inio disku so iene us, ku ie gali bū i e minai, p o esionalizmai, eponimai,
san umpos, „žemesnio s iliaus leksika“, ne e mininė leksika, aip pa specialūs kom-
piu e iniai ženklai – g a iniai ženklai, pik og amos.
Ekonomikos o umų kalbos leksinių dedamųjų analizė pa odė, kad i ame disku se
p oduk y iausias bu o sin aksinis e minų da ybos būdas. Ekonomikos o mumų e mi-
nijoje y auja d ina iai žodžių junginiai. Tai šiuolaikinei e minijai būdinga endencija.
Ras i e minai, suda y i mo ologiniu būdu, a spindi e minų sis emos a ski ų ka ego i-
jų i in eg uojamų ekonomikos są okinių s ičių a pusa io yšius. Pažymimas adicinių
p iešdėlių i p iesagų naudojimas suda an a iksinio ipo ekonomikos e minus.
A lik as y imas pa odė, kad, nepaisan ekonomikos kompiu e iniame disku se pas e-
bimos unkcinių e minų ipų į ai o ės, s a biausi i gausiausi y a a ski ų s ičių ekono-
mikos e minai. Ta p okių e minų galima išski i kalbinius iene us, žyminčius pama-
ines ekonomikos są okas i ka ego ijas (ma ke ing, managemen , accoun ing i k .).
2 8 Elena Loguno a | S uc u al and Seman ic Analysis o Economic Te minology
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Структурный и СемантичеСкий анализ экономичеСкой терминологии
на компьютерных форумах по экономике
Статья посвящена структурно-семантическому анализу лексики экономических
форумов. В работе рассматривается структура форума, который состоит из раз-
делов и имеет в своем составе субфорумы. Отмечается, что субфорумы репрезен-
тируются представленными там темами (в которых заключается концептуальное
ядро обсуждения), состоящими из высказываний. Высказывание включает в себя
лексические единицы компьютерного дискурса, которые представлены термина-
ми, профессионализмами, эпонимами, аббревиатурами, «лексикой сниженного
стиля», нетерминологической лексикой, а также специфические компьютерные
знаки, представленные графическими и иконическими знаками.
Анализ лексических составляющих языка компьютерных экономических фору-
мов показал, что наиболее продуктивным в исследуемом дискурсе оказался син-
таксический способ терминообразования. В экономической компьютерной тер-
минологии преобладают бинарные словосочетания – тенденция, характерная для
современных терминологий. Термины (в выявленных случаях), образованные
морфологическим способом, призваны отражать взаимосвязи между различными
категориями терминосистемы и интегрируемыми концептосферами экономиче-
ской области. Отмечается участие традиционных префиксов и суффиксов в фор-
мировании производных экономических терминов аффиксального типа.
Проведенное исследование показало, что, несмотря на то, что в экономиче-
ском компьютерном дискурсе представлены различные функциональные типы
терминов, наиболее важными и количественно преобладающими единицами яв-
ляются частноотраслевые экономические термины. Среди таких терминов можно
выделить языковые единицы-знаки, которые отражают базовые понятия и катего-
рии экономики (ma ke ing, managemen , accoun ing, e c.).
Gau a 2016-05-16
Логунова Елена Андреевна
Калининградский государственный технический университет
236000, Россия, Калининградская обл., г. Калининград,
Советский проспект, д.1
Эл. почта: pakhomo [email p o ec ed]u