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clOBa
HH
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Apy oii
o pacau,
Halp.:
yc aaoc s
(B
TexHONO HH
MeTaj0B),
namaTo
(B
BHIYHCMUTeAbHOH
TEXHHKE),
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(B
TEXHHYECKHX
OTPacaAX),
KO3-
4o —
(B
cTpou enbeTBe)
u
Ap.
Ha
KonKpeTHbe
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(pyHKUHOHHpoBaHHa,
a
He
Ha
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chel HanbHBIX
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®
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mpak-
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Muo o-
SHayHOCTH
T€PMHHOB
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—
He
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pacnpoc paHeHHoe
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npu
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Hallp.:
B
PYCCKOM
s#3bIKe
TeepOoc s
—
cBoil-
eTBO
H
BEIHYHHA,
Oaesenue
—
npoilecc
u
BeAMYHHA,
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—
m1po-
Wecc
H
pesyAbTaT,
ca3Ka
—
mpouece
u
BelllecTBO,
O6pasosanue
—B
IpaMoM
H
BOSBPaTHOM
3HayeHHU
(cp.
3HaYeHHA
a o10B
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u
Obpasoea e-
cx),
e ipasHusaTeab
—
YenoBeK
HU
yc policTBo.
Ka e opHasbHas,
MHo osHay-
HOCTb
—
He
MlOpOK
TepMHHOJO HH
*,
KOTOpHIii
BO
YTO
Obl
TO
HH
CTaqO
cHezO-
Bao
Obl
YCTpaHuTb.
TepMHHBI
MIpu
9TOM
He
CTaHOBATCA
HeNOHATHHIMH.
panuusi
onpeze enno o
NOHATHA
STHM
He
Hapyulaio ca:
Teepdoc e
—
onpe-
AeNeHHOe
CBOHCTBO
H
COOTBeTCTBYIUad
STOMY
cBOiicTBY
Be MUHHA,
eolpae-
HUBATeAb
—
MIPOHSBOAUTeNb
(H
YeOBeK,
HU
ycTpolicTBo)
onpexenenuo o
zei -
cTBu.
KouKpe Hoe
TepmMuHoyno pe6uleHHe,
KOHKPeTHBIli
KOHTeKCT
B
cdbepe
QyHKUHOHHpOBaHAA
TepMHHa
O6BIMHO
jOcTaTONHO
Ha iAqHO
packpbipae
co epxKanue
Tepmuua.
IIpx
sToM
KoHTeKcT
He
enaeT
3HayeHHe
TepMHHa
Sa4BHCHMBIM
ABNeHHEM
(He
HapyllaeT
Tpe6opanua
KOHTeKCTOHesaBHCHMOCTH
TepMHHa):
OH
MpocTo
packpEIBaeT,
pasbAcHAeT
3HaueHHe,
TipHcyuee
TepMu-
HY
B
cchepe
cbukcamun.
Cymec syeT
MHeHHe,
uTO
MHO osHa4HOcTS
OcobeHHO
XapakTepHa
Ja
HCc-
KOHHBIX
CJIOB
ASbIKa,
TAK
Kak
KaxK
Abii
ECTeECTBEHHBI
A3BIK
ABJIACTCH
NOAH-
C€MaHTHYCCKOH
ASHIKOBOH
CTpyKTYpoH
‘4,
a
3aHMCTBOBAHHA
B
3aHMCTBYWLLEM
ASbIKe
OMHOSHAYHBI,
HOCAT
AKOObI
XapakTep
YMCTO O
CHMBONAa,
H
OSTOMY
B
TEPMHHOJOTHH
OHH
HMEIOT
CBOH
NpeHMyuiecTBa
!2.
3aHMCTBOBAHHAM
HHO Aa
OTAaeTCA
Npesnou en e
axe
npn
BEIGOpe
OTAeNbHOTO
BuZOBO O
TepMHHa,
®
Mauuaeuxo
B.
II,
Pycckaa
epmnnoso na,
c.
55.
®
Kak
paOo a s
wag
Tepmunono ueli.
OcHops
u
me onn.—
M.,
1968,
c.
40.
©
Januaeuxo
B.
Il.
Pyccxaa
epmunono ua,
c.
69.
“
Waukos
B.
O
noanceman aueckoh
CTpykType
eCTecTBeHHLIX
s#3bIKOB.—
Bonpocn
unocodun,
1973,
Ne
7,
c.
139.
12
WnTepHalHonaabHBIe
9AeMeHTH
B
JeKCHKe
H
TepMuHONO HH.—
XapbKos,
1980,
c.
71.
140
HAMp.:
B
JaTBIICKOM
A3bIKe
3AMMCTBOBAHEI
AHTHUHSMbI
pa kings
—
Ana
Ha-
3BaHHA
OLHOTO
H3
BHAOB
aBTOMOOHMbHBIX
CTOAHOK,
k uizs—
AA
HasBaHHA
omuo o
u3
BUAOB
NyTemec BH
Ha
Kopa6se,
be mudi
—
Ana
HasBaHUA
OAHOTO
H3
BHOB
MOAHEIx
OpioK,
ums
—
AA
Ha3BaHHA
OAHOTO
H3
BHAOB
HanHTKOB,
au s
—
quid
Ha3BaHUA
OAHOTO
H3
BHAOB
MpasqHOBaHH,
So s
—
1A
Ha3Ba-
HHA
OMHO O
H3
BHAOB
NpeAcTaBseHHi .
Ho,
c
OmHoi
CTOpOHBI,
He
BCe
HCKOHHble
Cl0Ba
B
ASbIKAX
MHOTOSHA4HEI.
B
caopapax
waTbilicKo o
A3bIKa
C
OAHHM
3HaYeHHeM
JaloTCA,
Hallp.,
LaTbILI-
cxue
copa
dbele
«a6aona»,
acenes
<ouxu»,
alksnene
«eopokyuka»,
apausi
«Hedoys00K»,
augajs
«pac u eacxocTo>.
B
A3bIKe
MOXKHO
KOHCTATHPOBaTb
TeMATHYeCKHe
FPYNMbI
COB,
AJ
KOTOPLIX
H€3ABHCHMO
OT
HX
CBOeASHIMHOTO
HIM
HHOASBIYHOTO
MpOHCXOXKMeHHA
XapakTepHa
OMHOSHAYHOCTH,
HalIp.:
Ha-
spauus
Bugos
cnop a—baske bols
«6acke 6oa»,
olejbols
«eo eiboa»,
damb e e
«wauxu»,
bu a’ana
«napycHoui
cnop »,
okasbumba
«py4Hou
MaAu>;
HagBAHUA
AepeBbes,
UBeTOB
Hu
Apy ux
pac enui
—
pliime
«causa»,
acdlija
<«asaaua»,
balanda
«mapo»
ui
ap.
C
apy oii
c opoubl,
MHO He
3aMMCTBOBAHHA,
HMeIOUIHe
B
ASLIKe-OpH HHase
Oonee
O6llee
3HaYeHHe
H
ABMAIONLMeCA
TAM
HEPeAKO
Tak2Ke
NOMMCCMHYHBIMH
CAOBaMH,
B
YCIOBHAX
COBPeMCHHEIX
OOWIMPHIX
ASBIKOBHIX
KOHTAKTOB
Yepes
HeKOTOpoe
BPeMs
MpHOOpeTaloT
MHOTOSHAYHOCTh
H B
3aHMCTBYIONLEM
ASHIKE.
Hanp.,
B
pycCKOM
A3bIKe
aH IMILMsM
Kpyus
yNoTpeOseTCA
He
TOMbKO
AAA
o6o3HayeHHA
MyTeWlecTBHA
Ha
KOpaGuJle,
HO
uM
AJA
Ha3BaHMA
aBMallyTeUlecT-
BUA
H
lake
—noe3KH
MO
opoxy
Ha
KOHHOM
9KHMa2Ke.
BoeHHbIli
TepMHH
Kamypasoc
upuobpe
Goce
oOukee
3HAYeHHe
MACKHPOBKH
Boo6u e.
An au-
wismom
be mudi
B
WpaKkTUKe
JaTBILICKOTO
A3bIKa
OOOSHAYAIOTCA
He
TOAbKO
HOMY/WIMHHbIe
HKeHCKHe
OPIOKH
C
OTBOPOTAMH,
HO
TaK%Ke
H
AJHHHbIe
OpiOKH
ompesenenno o
cpacoua,
pu4eM
Kak
C
OTBOPOTaMH,
Tak
H
6e3
HHX.
He
umee
3HaueHUA
OMHOTO
ONPeeeHHOTO
BHa
KOPOTKHX
OPIOK
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AHIIMWH3M
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AByx
3Ha eHHAX
B
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Hay4HOH
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3aKpenweH
aH aHn-
uusm
dizains:
1)
«xyXoxecTBeHHoe
KOHCTpyupoBane>
Hu
2)
«xyoxKeCTBeH-
Hoe
MpoeKTHpoBaHHe>
*.
Muo osHa4unoc b
H
HeycTOMUHBOCTD
CeMaHTHKH
XapaKTepHa
H
AA
MHOPHX
HHTepHANLMOHAJIbHEIX
3aHMCTBOBAHHH,
MOCTPOeHHEIX
Ha
TpeKO-aTHHCKOH
ocnope.
Co
BpeMeHeM
H3MeCHHJOCb
3HaYCHHe
HHTEPHANMOHANHSMOB
KOAUEPT,
KOHKYpC,
MaHnUudec ,
HagueayuA,
napad,
TaKTUKa
u
Ap.
B
pas1M4HEIX
sHade-
HHAX
YHOTPeOIAIOTCA
HHTepHANHOHATH3MbI
apMaTYpa,
KYAbTYpA,
mopqoao-
2us,
peaxyus
uw
Ap.
B
AaTbIIICKOM
ASHIKe
TA
HASBAHHA
ONpPeACCHHEIX
MpO-
MeXKYTKOB
BpeMeCHH
HCMOAbSOBAHLI
HUTepHalMOHATMsMb
epoha
(Aus
HasBa-
HHA
JWIMTeMbHO O
MepHosa
c
OCOOKIM
SHAaYeHHeM
B
XU3HH
YeTOBeyeCTBA),
13
JloGonbITHO,
4TO
B
AHTOBCKHX
TePMHHOMOTHYeCKHX
HCCICOBAHHAX
SKBHBAICHTOM
au aui cxo o
caosa
designe
B
pyCCKOM
A3BIKe
MaeTCH
PYCCKOe
COBO
WePTeMHKUK,
a
B
AH-
TOBCKOM
—snTOBCKOe
b aizy ojas
(cM.,
Hamp:
Kayaaxene
A.
10.
Kaapxu
B
coppe-
MenHOoi
AMTOBCKOM
TexuHYecKOi
TepMHHOao uH:
AsToped.
AHC.
...
Kal.
cbunon,
HayK.—
Buapnwoe,
1983,
c,
11).
141

MOSTOMY
3aCyXKUBAeT
OMOOpeHMA
CTPeMJeHHe
CHemMaHCTOB
MPH
yopAAO-
YeHHH OTpacseBol
TepMHHONO HH
UsOe aTh
pacnpoc paHeHHEIx
B
mpodeccno-
HaJbHOM
YHOTpeOJeHHH
HeMOTHBHPOBaHHLIX
SaHMCTBOBAHMA
H
SaMCHATH
UX
YCeuIHbIMH
CHCTeMHLIMH
HOBOOOpasOBaHHAMH,
Hallp.:
B
WaTbWICKO
Hay4-
HO-TeXHHYeCKOH
TepMHHOMO HH
BMecTO
epMaHusMa
Sli s
O6pasoBan
pies-
lipnis,
smec o
Slihs
—
izskalas,
BMec o
S oks
—s umbenis,
pmec o
klip-
e ks
—
paminkal a a,
8
MeAMILMHCKOi
TepMHHOOFHH
SKBUBACHTOM
HHTeP-
Hawnonanusma
e lukss
npusnan
a ilnis,
9KBUBaTeHTOM
aHTVIMUM3Ma
s ess
—
sp iedze.
Lenomy
pay
MHTepHalMOHaIH3MOB
WaTHILICKHe
9KBHBa-
JeHTH
LaHbl
B
9KOMO HYeCKON
H
THAPOOMOMO H4eCKOl|
TepMHHOJOFHH,
Hanp.:
i o ags
—
augédajs,
helio obs
—
saulbéglis,
helo i s
—
pu augs,
hiono-
ils
—
sniegmilis.
Jla s uickue
cieuHaHcTbI
MO
31eKTPOHHKe
BMeCTO
He-
cuc emHo o
an auuusMa
displejs
*
npusHai
BOAHe
MpaBHbHbIM
TepMHH
ek anpul s.
Y
kaxkgo o
HalHoHambHO o
A3bIKa
OOAbIIHe
BO3MOAHOCTH
AHpdepeHi na-
ILMH
3HAUeHHM
CnOB.
Tak,
B
JaTHIINCKOM
JIA
STON
WeAH
CyKAaT
H
pasMHy-
HBle
npeduKcs :
sagade
«saeo oekas
—
apgade
«cHabmexue»,
paka s
«Ha-
eecka»
—
pieka s
«nodsecka»,
u
cypuxcsi:
d osiba
«6esonacKocTe»
—
d o-
Sums
«nadeonoc o»,
k ausana
«noepysxa»
—
k au néSana
«w abeaesanue>,
H
cybuKcabHoe
OKoHYaHHe:
ie aks e
«sanuco
(npoyecc)»
—
ie aks s
«3a-
nuce
(pesynbTaT),
H
Aaxke
—
epeloBaHhe
T1acHBIX
H
COTWIaCHBIX
B
KOPHEe
copa:
sp aislis
«npamoi
pueeab»—sp ieslis
«xpueok
puze o»,
lie éSana
«<domdeeaxue
(nonus)
>»
—
lied@Sana
«doxdesanue
(BbIMOpOxHeHHe
B
BHAC
Hows»).
Jubdepenunauna
sHa eHHi
AOcTH aeTcA
H
MyTeM
MocTpoeHHA
TePMHHOB
—
CJIOKHIX
COB
H
TepMHHOB-cnoBoco eTaHHi :
mezmelio acija
«Menuopalun
secoB»
—meza
melio acija
«mennopallua
seca»,
da ba ie a
«mec o
pa6oTbl»
—da ba
ie a
«pabouee
mecTo»,
udenslimenis
«ypoBeHb
BoAbI»
—
dens
limenis
«3epKa O
BOABI>.
LleHHbIM
TepMHHO(OHAOM
BO
MHOFHX
ASHIKAaX
ABAIOTCA
PaSMH4HBle
HH-
TepHalHOHaMbHble
OOpasoBaHHA
Cc
ONpeseeHHKIM
YCTaHOBHBIHMCA
3HaHe-
HHeM,
Hamp.:
OOpasopanus
c
9uleMeHTAMH
-aT,
-u0,
-UT
B
XHMHYCCKOH
Tep-
MuHomo uu
(apcexa ,
Ku paT,
cya pa ;
apcexud,
nxuTpud,
cyaepud;
apce-
HUT,
HUTPUT,
CYAbMUT),
Ha3BaHHA
MHHepa OB
Ha
-UT
OT
OCHOB
Me€CTHBIX
Ha3Banui
(aa au
—naiigen
na
An ae,
6eaomopu
—
alizen
y
Beaxo o
mo-
pa,
KyOaxuT
—uaiigen
Ha
Ky6e)
wan
aMuaHh
BHIAAIOWAXCA
YICHBIX
(aeu-
yexnu ,
6upynu ,
6azpa uonu ,
npsesaabcKku ).
C
HeOOAbIINMH
HCKO4e-
HHAMH
B
ONpeACeHHEIX
3HAYCHHAX
YNOTPeOAAOTCA
HHTEPHALHOHAIHSMBl
Ha
-ada
(oaumnuada,
cnap axuada,
ulyOepTuada),
-ayun
(aeuTayUa,
KOHYeHT-
15
An awun3mM
Oucnae l,
a
Takxe
KoMno oTep,
Ousadx
HM
Ap.
NOABep aHCh
KPHTHKe
H B
Wpy ux
ssbikax;
cM.
Hanp.:
Cxpopunos
JI.
HM.
Coxposnmunna
ssiiKxosoi
KybTypb
(oxonyanue).—
Pyccxas
peub, 1976,
Ne
4,
c.
19;
Auapees
P.
A.
K
sonpocy
0
dop-
MHPOBARHH
TEPMHHOAOTHH
BHMMCIHTEABHO!
TeXHUKH
H
HHOPMATHKH
BO
(pakIly3CKOM
A3bI-
xe.—B
xu.:
Beecowosnan
xonepenuna
<Copepu encTsopanne
mepesowa
sapyGexuol
Hayd-
Ho-TexuHyeckoi
anTepa ypui>.
M.,
1978,
c.
102.
143