LITHUANIAN
LANGUAGE
SANDARS
STUDIES
LITHUANIAN
LINGUISTIC-
AL
QUESTIONS,
XXVI (1987)
ROTA
MARCINKEVI-
CIENE J.
BALCIKONIO
VERTIMY
PRAGMATICS
AND
STYLISTICS
T ansla io-
ns can be
examined in
a ious
aspec s:
li e a y,
linguis ic,
psychologic-
al, social.
Which
aspec
he
ansla -
ion c i ic
chooses
depends
on which
cha ac -
e is ics
o he
ji
ansla ion a e o in e es o him.
Mo eo e ,
he choice
o he
aspec o
ansla ion
analysis can
be dic a ed
ne
only by he
c i ic's
in en ions,
bu he
i
ansla ion
i sel is one
o se e al
a
mo e
p ominen
jo
ends.
J.
Baléikonis’
ansla ions
can be
s udied in
e ms o he
li e a y
i
no m o
ansla ion
and language,
adequacy,
impac on
he eade ,
i
and o he
aspec s, bu
one aspec
o
ansla ion
i
is mo e and
mo e
s iking,
jo
namely
p agma ism,
which
—
encompass-
es he
i
a o emen io-
ned aspec s
o
e alua ion.
In his
ega d,
all
J.
Baléikonis's
wo ks, so we
ha e limi ed
ou sel es o
nu
i8
las
jo
e imy
—
Dz.
Swi
Gulli e 's
T a els.
Si
book chosen
no by chance:
a
mo e adap ed
ji
han o he
ansla ions,
ansla ed by
se e al
ansla o s,
be
published
se e al imes.
a
Fi s
ime
Dz.
Swi 's
no el in
j
Li huanian
was
1924
ansla -
ed by an
unknown
ansla o-
, who only
used his
ini ials
—
L.
D.,
1936
—
P.
MaSio as.
In he
So ie
yea s
,,Guli e 's
T a els“
has been
ansla -
du
ed se e al imes:
1947
—
S.
Tomonio,
1957
—
J.
Bal ic.
1975
yea
appea ed
he second
P.
Au ho iz-
a ion o
he ansla ed ex .
J.
We analyzed
he
ansla ion
o
ji
su
Baléikonis,
compa ing i
S.
wi h he
i
P.
MaSio o's
ansla ions.
P agma ic
ansla ion is
examined in
h ee ways:
The analysis,
he
a
p agma ic
Zodziy
eikSmés
(kono aciné,
emocionné,
socialiné,
s ylis iné,
exp esiné,
unkčné o
i
o he wise
y iné ojy
called
language
Zzenkly
in o ma ion),
a
co ec ly
sol ed some
speci ic
p agma ic
ask,
app op ia e
ansla ion
a
adap a ion. In
he i s case,
when all he
a en ion o
he
ansla o is
gi en o
p agma inéms
In e ms o
meaning, he
ansla ion
does no
de ia e
om he
o iginal,
because he
jo
aim is o
—
con ey as
adequa ely
as possible
he
p agma ic
meanings o
he o iginal
language.
Thus, he
na u e
o e e y
ansla -
ion is wo old.
As a esul o
bilingual
in e ac ion, i
is di ec ed o
he o iginal as
a
sel -con ained
ansla ion
i
language
o
—
i
konk e y
p iéméja?.
DaZnai
This duali y is
no appa en ,
because he
si ua ion o he
non-linguis ic,
.
y.
communica ion
p ocess does
no con adic
he linguis ic
p agma ic
—
ep esen a ion
o meaning.
In o he
wo ds, he
ansla ion
is done by
he o iginal
na
au ho
a he han
he eade .
Howe e , i
may ha e
o he
pu poses,
i
no di ec ly
ela ed o
he p ima y
pu pose o
su
he
ansla ion.
—
These
addi ion-
al
objec i -
es bi- *
Amb asa-
s-Sasna-
ya K.
T ansla -
ion
s udies.
—V., 1984,
p. 75. ?
Komucca-
pos B,. H.
Jimn su-
c axa
in a ua -
a. —M.,
1980, c.
109.
48
na
j ai iis:
p opaga-
nda,
didac ic,
pedagogi-
cal. The
ansla -
o can
edi ec
he
eade
o one o
any
g oup o
eade s
assigned
by social,
p o essi-
onal o
age
g oup. I
can also
p o ide
he
eade
wi h he
au ho 's
e alua i-
on o he
e en s
depic ed.
The
DaZnai
ansla -
o ies
o
in luence
no only
he
audience,
bu also
he
language
o he
ansla -
ion i sel ,
o u n i
in he
desi ed
di ec io-
n. Such a
ela ion-
ship
be ween
he
ansla -
o and
he
ansla -
ion, he
asks i
poses, is
in line
wi h he
pu pose
o he
ansla -
ion. Thus,
he
p agma -
ics o
ansla -
ion,
pe cei -
ed as he
ealiza i-
on o an
addi ion-
al, no
di ec ly
ela ed
o he
o iginal
o he
ansla -
ed ex ,
pu pose
o
ansla -
ion,
condi ion
he
ansla -
ion’s
dis ance
om he
o iginal.
In his
case, he
ansla -
o does
no
ansla -
e, bu
c ea es
some hi-
ng new,
adap ing
o new
ci cums-
ances,
speci ic
pu pose-
s. And
he goal,
as is
known,
de e mi-
nes he
esul o
he
ac i i y.
How his
esul is
achie ed
— J.
Baléikoni-
s’s
adap ed
ansla -
ion o
“Guli e -
’s
T a els”-
*, wi h a
deep di e
in o he
ansla -
o ’s
goals,
conside -
ing he
means o
achie e
hem. We
lea ned
abou
he
ansla -
o 's goals
in his
ansla -
ion
selec io-
n. A e
all,
wi hou
Dz. Swi
and Z.
Ve no, J.
Baléikon-
is mainly
alued
ai y
ales:
a abi,
Hau ,
Pe o,
Ande se-
n, b oliy
G imy. I
was his
wish
ha
child en
and
young
people
could
ead as
much o
he
wo ld
li e a u-
e as
possible
in
Li huani-
an, and
ha
om
hese books hey would lea n he co ec and beau i ul Li huanian language. Todél ansla ing J. Baléikonis,,... used he mos beau i ul Li huanian, olk exp essions. Qui e o en he ansla ion was e y a om he o iginal, because
Balcikonis
did no
ansla e
wo ds o
sen ence-
s, bu his
own
hough s
and he
wan ed o
con ey
hem in a
way ha
no only
he people
o science,
bu also
he
child en o
he ga den
could
unde s a-
nd.”* Thus,
didac ic,
pedagogic-
al,
enligh eni-
ng
incen i es
p omp ed
Baleikón o
ake up
ansla io-
n. And no
jus hem.
The
ansla -
o wo ked
mos
in ensi ely
when he
Li huanian
li e a y
language
was no
ye
decayed,
when i s
no ms
luc ua -
ed g ea ly,
and when
poo
ansla io-
ns led he
language in
he w ong
di ec ion.
Such
ci cums -
ances
equi ed
he
in e p e -
e o be a
language
no mi ie .
Todél
e éian ,,.-
.. he main
emphasis
was no so
much on
he
indi iduali-
y o he
language
and s yle
o he
o iginal
au ho , as
on he
ac ha
he
language
o he
Li huanian
ansla i-
on should
be simple,
accu a e,
pic o ial,
olk,
co ec .
These
ansla io-
ns we e
p ima ily
aimed a
de eloping
and
s anda di-
zing
Li huanian
li e a i i-
ng
language,
aising
language
cul u e."
J.
Baléikonis
endea o -
ed o
ensu e
ha his
ansla io-
ns
con ibu -
ed o he
s abiliza i-
on o he
li e a y
language
no m, and
ha hey
os e ed
he
eade ’s
sense o a
li ely and
i id
language.
This was
he second
goal o he
ansla o-
, which
led o he
main
ea u e o
his
ansla i-
on — he
olkness.
The
s uden s
ecall ha
he only
c i e ion
o
e alua ion
o
Baléikoni
was "o so
Zmonés
said". Fo
he
ansla o-
, he olk
spoken
language
was a
eliable
es o
he
li e a y
language
no m. His
ai y
ales,
ano he
book o
young
people,
w i en by
D. U bas,
claimed o
connec
be ween
he book
and he
li ing
human
language®.
Thus, he
s anda -
diza ion
o he
Li huani-
an
language
and he
edi ec -
ing o he
book o
young
people
we e
wo main
goals o
he
ansla -
ion o he
no el. ®
Pupkis A.,
Maziulis
V.,
Bal ikon-
is Juozas.
- Kn. : J.
Baléikoni-
s. Selec ed wo ks.
V., 1978,
ol. 1, p.
13.
4
K uopas
J.,
Ul ydas
K. [Zymus
lie u iy
ling is -
as
akademi-
kas J.
Bal ikoni-
s. —
Language
cul u e,
1965, sas.
8, p. 4. 5
U bas D.
Abou
he
ansla -
ions o J.
Baléikoni-
s.
—Kalbo y-
a, 1966,
. 14, p. 41.
49
The
abo e
men ion-
ed h ee
a ian s
o
lie u iSki-
,,Guli e io
kelioniy“ a e e y di e en .
S.
Tomono
ansla ion
is de ailed,
e y
accu a e,
as a as
he no ms
o he
na i e
language
allow,
adequa e o
he o iginal.
The
ansla o
used
iSo inés
adap a ion
—
ools o commen on
Those,
wi hou
changing he
ansla ion ex .
Jo
objec i e is
—
o aise he
eade 's
poli ical
su
Swi 's
sa i e,
adequa e-
ly
con eyed
by he
au ho 's s yle, s yle.
The
8i
compa a i-
e
ansla ion
can be
called a bi
pa%odic,
a he
co ec ,
a he
han a book
language.
Qui e
di e en
P.
MaSio o
ansla ion,
epublished
unde he
su
label,,Young-
e school
age‘.
This
ansla ion
b ie ly
ecoun s
only he
i s wo
pa s o he
no el, he
mo e
di icul o
unde s and
hings a e
omi ed.
Todél
P.
Mayo 's
wo k is
no
exac ly a
ansla -
ion.
I is only a e elling
o he no el's plo
o child en, no
p e ending o be a
comp ehensi e
ep esen a ion o
he o iginal.
i
Ta pine paded a p
I 's wo
e imy
akes
J.
"Baléikon-
io
ye s os,
"Guli e io kelionés"".
They a e
in ended,
as he
anno a ion
announces,
o
child en o
i
middle and
uppe
school age.
Fu he mo-
e,
discussing
he
p agma ic
s ylis ics o
i
he
ansla ed
ji
su
no el ex ,
o
we will
compa e i
wi h he
o iginal and
analyze he
me hods o
ansla ion
adap a ion acco ding o he language ca ego ies.
S.
Tomono
ansla ion
emsimés as
paZodinim.
Phonemic
ansla ion is
bes
illus a ed by
he
ansla ion
o English
nouns,
p onouns and
—
pe sonal
nouns.
—
Many a e
jy
he
au ho 's
iSgal o i,
odél has
no
ansla i-
on
i
adi ion
in lie u iy
language.
This
allows
mo e
eedom
in
choosing ansla ion bids.
Wai .
S.
Tomonis
ansli e a es,
long,
i
complica ed
i les he
ansla es in o
Li huanian, only
adding he
endings in some
places.
ne
J.
Baléikonis
ansc ibes
he p ope
nouns, eplacing
he ha de
sounding
compounds
wi h simple
ones.
In Pa
Two
Gulli e 's
T a els
i
B obdinjaga,
o
ne
B obdingnaga,
as o iginal
i
S.
Tomono
e ime.
Especially
he i le o
he ou h
pa
di e s.
J.
Baléikonis
was no
sa is ied,
jo
as his
p edecesso , nei he
Houyhnhnmy
ansli e a ion
o he coas ,
han li le in
wha
essiski ian¢ia
This is
un eadable
T ansc ip ion
o he speech.
He used he
unc ional
equi alen o
he coun y,
i
whose
inhabi an s
a e ho ses,
called
lie u ixka
onoma opéja
—
Ygagu
k a' u.
So
In he
ansla ion o
Baléikonis,
ac ual nouns
a e ansli e a ed.
The
de elopm-
en o
language
was
necessa y o his.
Du ing he
decade o
ansla ion-
s,
Li huanian
language
no ms
changed
d ama ically.
Howe e , he
ne
new
equi emen s
o
ansla ions
alone ha e
educed he
accu acy o
noun
ansc ip ion.
The
ansla o 's
i
a i ude
owa ds he
eade o
whom he is
ansla ing is
e y impo an .
J.
Baléikonis
ansla es only
ne
p ope bu
gene al nouns,
Zymin-
i
Gius ma ,
say uni s,
househol-
d,
mili a y
i ems.
Swi 's
no els ha e
wo
eali ies:
English and
Fan asy.
i
The English
Reali y
J,
Baléikonis
c ea es,
plays
wi h
Li huani-
an
analogue-
s, aiSkina ap a’ymu.
Todél ins ead
o ,,ja dy
i
in y“,,,kabeliy
ligu“,
i
ansk ibuo y
S.
In he
ansla i-
on o
Tomono, he e a e,, goals“
i
‘collies’,
‘ ee ’
i
‘miles’.
,,Pin a“ is
changed
acco di-
ng o he si ua ion
(un o u-
ne
na ely,
e e ywh-
i
ne
e e he
same
always exac ly) ha i
‘glass’
means:
i
' ou h
o a
d inking
cup'.
J.
Baléikonis
e uses
Dz.
S i ui bidingo
p o okolinio
ikslumo de alias,
kelioniy
i
ap a’ymus
pa odijuojangias
ie as e ia
apibend indamas:
p z.: and abou
ou ya ds om
me, o e agains
igh ea , hea d
knocking o
,,...
abo e an hou ,
like ha o
people a wo k...“
* —,,...abou ou
ya ds away, a
my igh ea , o
mo e han an
hou I hea d a
my
whis ling sound,
as i Zmonés
I
bi y was doing
a
some hing..."?
—,,The e was a
sound nea my
50
ea s, like he
sound o a
ca pen e ’s
wo k, and i was
abou he hou .”*
Thus, in J.
Bal&ikonis’
ansla ion, he
eade is
una oidably
con on ed wi h
an
incomp ehensible
eali y —,,ja dy“,
bu a he same
ime wi h Dz.
Swi 's sa i e in
a lash — a pa ody
o scien i ic
s yle. Ano he
g oup o eali ies
a e he e ec s
o he au ho ’s
an asy, he
houses isi ed by
Gulli e ,
exo icisms ha
ep esen
elemen s o daily
li e, cul u e,
eligion, cus oms.
In he o iginal
no el hey a e
emphasized in
i alics, and in
pa en heses is
gi en you
explana ion in
English. The
ansla o s o
he no el ac in a
simila way. In
eali y,,.no
wo h“, only
appea s, because
hese wo ds bo h
o iginal, ick
ansla ion ex
pe o m no
nominal, bu
s ylis ic unc ion
—c ea ing local
colo . Ve y
easonably J.
Bal ikonis a oids
using
in e na ional
wo ds. In he
o iginal i
says,,ci ilized“,,,-
p ognosis“,,,ja g-
on“,,,egzis “,,,pa-
ien “, and he
ansla es,,adju-
s ed“,,,speci ied-
“,,,in a ce ain
language“,,,wai i-
ng“,,,pa ien “. S.
Tomonis le he
in e na ional
ZodZius. In English
hese wo ds a e
al eady
assimila ed wi h
neu al
ocabula y, in
Li huanian hey
a e book wo ds.
In ansla ions
o young people,
in e na ional
wo ds should be
a oided o
ano he eason —
hey do no
always ha e a
clea meaning.
Compa ing he
o iginal wi h he
ansla ion, we
disco e mo e
lexical-seman ic
ans o ma ion-
s. In many places
J. Baléikonis
conc e es
ap a’ymq o
na a i e,
abs ac nouns
o English
language“,,cause-
“,,, ood“,,,people-
“, eplacing hem
wi h con ex ual
synonyms
ju
,,ang y“,,-
,ea ing
i
ge ms“,,,-
a ac ion“.
Elsewhe e
—
on he
con a y,
speci ic
Zodzius
kei ia
abs ac s.
A e y
popula
ansla ion
is b oad
seman ics
Zodis
,, hing”, is used
ins ead
o ,,ques ion”,,,-
p oduc ”,,,mo i-
e”,,,be o e”,
»image“.
Al hough he
a o emen ion-
ed
ans o ma io-
ns
—
gene aliza ion
i
conc e iza ion
—
a e mu ually
bene icial, bu
he pu pose is
he same: o
make he ex
ju
mo e
unde s andable
and close o
he eade .
i
Whe e,
ka
i
as o
change,
he
ansla o
chose,
ha ing
be o e his
eyes a
well-known
add essee
o he
ansla io-
n.
F equency
J.
The
ansla ions
o Bal ikonis
i
con ain
s ylis ic
modi ica ion-
lu
s. Neu a
o iginal languages
In o he
wo ds, i is
eplaced by a
mo e i id,
pic u esque
Li huanian
equi alen .
This is especially
bene icial o
wo ds. O iginally
used
Zod7ius,,c owd™,,,-
igh “,,imp izon“,-
,,obs ina e“,,,s e-
al o ansla ion
co esponds
o,,g iidosi“,,,peS-
ési“,,,ime é
kaléjima“,,,Ziau u-
s“,,,nukii é“, use
said
j
,,chose“,
»s uggled-
“,,,wo ked
ha d“,,, e -
ained“,,, e used“.
So
J.
Bal ikonis uses
emo ionally
conno ed
synonyms.
Many pai s o
English-Li hua-
nian synonyms
i
di e bo h in
exp essi ene-
ss and in
belonging o
ne
di e en
unc ional
s yles, in o he
wo ds,
exp essi e bu
unc ional
conno a ion.
The di ec ion
o s ylis ic
ne
modi ica ion is
always he
same: neu al
aSomai
language
be e sui ed
o angly
language
a
a
Zodiac signs
J.
T ansla ed
in o
Li huanian by
Skai Snekamaičiai.
Mo e like
i
a book
S.
Tomonio
ansla i-
on only
pa ySkina
§j
* Swi J.
Gulli e ’s
T a els.
-Moscow,
1973, p. 34.
7
Swi
J.
Gulli e 's
T a els
/
Ve é
S.
Tomonis.
—
K.,
1947,
p.
64.
8
Swi
Dz.
Gulli e 's
T a els
/
Ve é
J.
Baléikonis.
—
V.,
1957,
p.
16.
51
o iginal
and J.
The
con as
o he
Baléiconian ansla ion, e.g. :“...
we
/abou
unde
wo
migh y
e ils:
a
iolen
ac ion
a
home,
and he
dange
in asion
o
an
o
a
mos
po en
ene om
my
ab oad“—,,...-
we ha e o
deal wi h
wo g ea
e ils: o
su
lea n
s ong
domes ic
s a egies
o p epa e
su
o a
powe ul
a ack
i
om
ab oad“! ?
i§
—
,...18
In eali y,
we a e
a lic ed
wi h wo
e ible
diseases:
i8
in e nal
—
e e nal
pa y
s i e,
o
ex e nal
— he
dange
o a
s ong
a ack!"
J.
The
ansla ion
o
Baléikonis
can be
called a
double
ansla io-
n:,,Guli e io
kelionés“ is
ansla ed
no only
ne
in o
i§
English, bu
also in o
j
Li huanian.
Va ian s o
his language
in
Snekamaja.
Visual,
lexible
language
s imula es
he s ylis ic
igu es used
whe e in he
i
co espondi-
ng place o
he o iginal
jy
né
su
You
won'
ind a glimme . Gulli e
J.
Baléikonio
ansla i-
on ko oja.ne
su
"a
Ble usky
Island",
bu
,,p ie’
Ble usco
Island".
He e he
meaning is
me onyms-
ically
ans e -
ed on he
basis o
he
ela ion o
space:
om he
people
li ing on
j
he island
o he island i sel .
The e is
i
ano he
example o
me onymy
ansla ion,
especially
when he
ma
cinema pa
is eplaced
by he
a ibu e o
jy
pu pose:
a
»seeing« is
eplaced
by,,eyes“,,,3-
de il“ —
by,,good
Hea “. In
he o iginal,
he ac ion is
desc ibed by
one
ZodZiu
»b is i*,,-
, o
o
swim“, in
ansla ion inds-
me
,,b is e
b is i“,,,pla-
uk e
plauk i“.
The e a e
many
i
Li huanian
ansla io-
ns,
lo
illus a ing
he o iginal
language
wi h pe iph ases, me apho s.
All hese
s ylis ic
igu es make
he language
isual,
emo ional.
Be
o,,, hey
allow no
o say in
he ex
hings
ha so
explain,
i
odél “2.
cohesi e
na a i e
Sepa a ely
de é y
pakalbé i
abou he
compa iso-
ns which
J.
Baléikonis
adap ed
e y
s ongly.
This is
especially
ue o
objec i e
compa isons,
in which
li e ally he
meanings a e
compa ed in
e ms o
du
quali y and
quan i y.
a
J.
Baléikonis
opes
ha we e
hicke
ne
,,o e a
simple
English
Spaga a“,
compa es
su
he
o
ci cle,,,Ke-
palé o he
size o a
sho gun“
—
su
Spa ow
eggs.
This
adap a ion
o he
ansla i-
on is
necessa y
because
ko
gi
wo hy
compa ison,
when he
hing
su
compa ed
( ema) o
he eade
is less
Known
uz
hing,
whe e
we compa e
( heme).
Thus
s ylis ic
modi ica ion
is a danding
J.
Bal ikonio
e imy
b uozas.
He e
jus o
y
emind
you o he ansla ion
D.
U bo's
opinion
abou he
place o
s yle
igu es in
ansla io-
,,...
n: he
ansla o
does no
need o be
pedan , bu
mus
obse e
ha e e y
such
s ylis ic
means as
idioma,
samojis,
images
Zodis bi y
(...)
updoma
same place,
j
a
whe e is
o iginal, i is
bi y
paZodigkumo,
sla e y
Zymé. Sya bu
—
S ilis iniy
means o
o al
co esponde-
nce, in e nal
dialec ic
ela ions"!,
wi hou
doub , when
compa ing
ansla ions,
jy
we mus
conside
bo h
Be
sepa a ely
aken wo ds,
sen ence
pa ag aphs,
as well as he
ne
in e ela io-
j
nship o bo h
ex s.
a
j
Tags: e en
a e
i
e alua ing
he o iginal
ansla ion
ex s,
i
lie u iSkasis
J.
The
ansla i-
on o
Baléikonis
su pass-
o iginal in
abundanc-
es he
e. * Swi
J. Min.
eik., p. 56.
%°
Swi
J.
Gulli e 's
T a els
/
Ve é
S.
Tomonis,
Ps.95:
41
Swi
Dz.
Gulli e 's
T a els
/
Ve é
J.
Baléikonis,
p.
42.
1
Zupe ka
K.
Li huani-
an
language s ylis ics.
—
V.,
1983,
p.
68.
** U bas
D. Min.
s ., p. 43.
52

The syn ax
o he
ansla ion
unde
conside a i-
on is also
close
Fo he s yle
o spoken
language.
DZ.
Swi 's
sen ences
a e long,
comma-sepa-
a ed
i
pe iods,
J.
Baléikony's
—
a e sho e .
The
ansla o
di ides he
o iginal
sen ence
j
in o wo,
h ee o
a
e en ou ,
eely
choosing
wha
in o ma ion
o keep in
he i s
sen ence
and wha o
mo e o he
o he
i
sen ences.
J.
Baléikonis only
ne
di ides
sen ences, bu
eplaces English
passi e
i
cons uc ions
wi h Li huanian
ac i es, noun
e bs wi h e bs,
impe sonal
sen ences wi h
pe sonals.
—
—
Thus, he
weigh ed
sen ences
a e easy o
ead quie ly
aloud, easy
i
o
unde s and,
memo ize,
ecoun .
Syn ac ic
ans o ma-
ions in
objec i e,
amy
Dz.
Swi 's
s o y
makes i
li ely,
dynamic.
Sj
ispiidj
ein o ces
i
he
ansla io-
n's choice
o he
i s
pe son o
he
na a i e
ins ead o he hi d pe son used in he o iginal.
In his way
he
ansla o
c ea es he
illusion o
ealism,
which is so
impo an o
he young
eade .
Daugelj sakiniy
J.
Baléikonis
i
misses i .
Omissions
in
ansla ions
Anyway,
i 's a
ep ehensi-
ble ac .
They ea up a
lo o
in o ma ion,
dis o he
idea o he
u h.
Wha is missing
i
in he
ansla ion?
J.
Baléikonis
does no
con ey o he
y
eade o he
no el places,
which depic
he de ec s
o English li e:
in ideli y,
p os i u ion,
lies.
He skips
he
i
ea men -
s, he
»na u al
a ai s« o
Guli e , he
o he
episodes,
i
whe e
Swi igno es
he ules o
decency,
whe e sa i e is
na u alis ic
jo
sea ch. By
omi ing one
place a e
ano he , he
ansla o
in e p e s he
a
subjec s o
his poe y,
beha ing like a
mo alis . In he
his o y o
ansla ion,
i
he e ha e
been many
simila cases
o ambiguous
ansla ion.
In mode n imes,
such
ea angemen s
a e only
pe missible when
i
a book o adul s
is edi ec ed o
young people.
Ve inan
J.
In he case
o
Baléikonis’s
ansla ion
o Gulli e ’s
T a els, he
ne
adequacy o
he
i
ansla ion
o he
o iginal
should be
conside ed,
bu he
p agma ic
alue o he
ansla ion
mo
as he main e alua ion c i e ion.
The e o-
e, i is necessa y o
Iden i y wha
he ansla o 's
goals we e and
how he
succeeded in
i
achie ing hem.
The p agma ic
alue o he
ansla ion o
Baléikonis is
wo old: i
consis s o he
co ec ness,
simplici y,
olkness o he
ja
language o he
ansla ion.
TMIPATMATHKA
i
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MEPEBOJOB
10.
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