LIETUVIY
KALBOTYR-
OS
KLAUSIMAI,
XXXIV (1994)
LITHUANIAN
LANGUAGE
TARGETS
AND THEIR
STUDIES
Vy au as
VITKAUSK-
AS
4
SENUJY
an (>Q),
en se). in
(>), un
VARIATIO-
NS OF
CERTAIN
WORDS IN
ROOT AND
FORM
Like
wha
mislé is
Replace-
men o
he
second
owel by
he
7,
u,
second
syllable
|,
(plg.
LD
137,
Zinke iéius,
1957,
78).
O cou se,
his is no
a s ong
consis en
phone ic
pa e n,
such a
i
i
equi eme-
n is
obse ed
in hese
cases.
1.
The old
diph hon-
gs an, en
a e
un
ansla -
ed as ai, ei,
ui: b uise”
kuoja,
mekS as”
désn.
—
b ii-n'é'e
Vn, K ,
Pj, G g
(iby
LKZ
I?
1094)
—
b éis'e
P k, SIl,
Jd ,
b i si
Sd
(els.
LKZ
I?
1079),
b uising
BzF
102,
b uizs
C1224,
Plng, LKA
I
154
(82
(see below.)
uFixed
b iiga,
b isé,
b uizé,
b unéé,
b insé,
b u isas
(z .
bu
D bu is,
1981,
164—167).
dgs is
—
dešn.
d ancis
Vn, Vdk,
Pe ,
d u i.cis
K is,
d e-ncds
T s, Rdn,
d a-s s
J b k .
i
—+
d eisis
Qk8, M j
(Swan
107).
d ez i
"ples i
dée in ,
d eks i,
ples i"
—
désn.
d' 'é.n'@ i
B , Skd ,
G d,
d 'é.n'é le
Rdn,
d' en'.é i
Kim, K s,
ge ou
o he e!
G z
( .
cold.)
—
d e z i
*gais i,
ilkin i,
plés i
d e z i
*gais i, ilkin i, ples i d e z i
K s, Ll,
Uz , P n
(plg.
LKZ
II?
879),
Ple:
sakinj:
d 'éizle
s i d' lé.
e
iZe igs
ké.m ioki
/
n'e 'é.kus'
kombd.ina
pal'é.ida
Rdn.
yellow
‘galas i’
—
désn.
ozen
D sk,
R n, Vs,
Rdm an.
—
nuos.
g'eld.isk
*galask’
D sk,
Lzd, Rdm,
R n, Vs,
K ks.
g az as
—
désn.
Thank you.
éc
Nmk, Vdk,
g u i.ée
K s,
g é-néc
Rdn g ay.
—
as,
g aisi’é:
lis
M j, Dké
(Swan
107—108).
g ew up
—
he e.
g ’é.n'c' 'i
K s,
K , Ll,
Vdk,
g 'éis'l'e
AKm, Skd,
Plng,
g ’ési
Pln, Pl ,
g ’é-s’ ’
i e
"Si !
‘ak.
Cold.
He c ied ou .
is' 'i
ZTP
9
(No, I don' .)
a
g ezid i
”
dagnai
s ea i’
—
désn.
g
‘en'dz io ’s
K s, K ,
Sauk,
g 'en'dzZdo 'e
Pj,
g in'dZio 'e
Rdn, P n,
g 'eZ6-
box.
island:
—
sug leize
'
Fi e.
kgsnis
—
désn.
kd.
nieniis
Vdk, LI,
Vn, Pg ,
kdn'e'n'is
I didn' .
Rdn, Tl,
P n
kd.is'n'is
>
Z , ‘TP
11
(To e, [I
know,
Nemunynas).
kgs i
—
désn.
ké.n'c' 'i
Vdk
Ll, B , Vn,
kdn'c' 'i
K s,
wha do you wan ?
T s, Rdn,
TI, Lkw
kdis i
5
(
One
Pakdis i
P L)
ee
ZTP
11
(De e,
Isé, Ne.
munynas).
mgs y i
” o play, o
conside ”
J
—
Dec.
mon'c' 's 'e
Janapolé,
Uz ,
mus y i
I
(in some
manusc ip s
e e ed o as
jo
i
Zusj)'—>
mixed
I b
(LKZ
VII
745),
eeding
E z, Sk
(same).
107
azy is
—
désn.
.n'dzi 'ís
T ,
éo.nidzi- i-s
P n,
é.n'dzi- i-s
Li, Vdk,
e inal
Zi
Skn, G z
dizy is
3
K,
Lk, Ig, Pl ,
KzR, V b,
S d
(plg.
LKZ
XI
96).
esé
"such a
bi d"
—
desn.
enl@i
Ka s, Ll,
Ld ,
'é.n’ée
Rdn, Pj,
K , (plg.
R
LKZ
XI
480)
>
Resol ed
J. Jabl
(LKZ
XI
213).
éa is
—
désn.
é.nlé i-s
K s, Vdk,
G ,
enewed
Rdn, T s,
emaini-
ng
Yes, B g
is
>
co ec
K,
Z ,
numbe
Gs, J b,
Z , K2R,
J b
(plg.
LKZ
XI
401
—
402),
jsi eizomas
Alko,
jsi éizimas
K
(LKZ
XI
401),
plg.
da
éizeé is
” es s”
M j, Dks,
B , (LKZ
Lp
X1
401).
slas ai
—
désn.
sligh - in
Jd,
$1
—
sld.is ai,
slais ikai
ZTP
11
(miné os
a eas).
spds ai
—
désn.
spd.nc ai
Vdk, Nmk,
spiinc a’
K s,
spd.nc a-
Rdn, Tl,
Pj
=
spdis ai
M j, Dk&
(Swans
107).
spés i
—
désn.
s'p'é.n'c' 'i
K s, Sauk,
K ,
s'p'é.n'c' 'e
Uz ,
Va n,
T 8, Own
expe i-
>
se
ZTP
9.
comp es-
—
sed desn.
s‘p' 'é.n'c' 'i
K is, Sauk, Ll,
Pe ,
s‘p' 'é-n'c' 'e
Rdn, Tl,
Lk ,
s'p' 'é-s' !
Skn, B g
$1,
sp é.is
>
ZTP
9
(in bed),
s'p' 'é.is
Dk, Pj ,
Kb .
Zqslai
—
désn.
Zincla
K s,
Sauk,
Zd.nclai
P g, Vdk,
Ld ,
26.ncla-
Rdn, Eig,
Lk , Vn,
2é:slai
Skn
—
2nd.isla-
Sg,
Zd.isla(i)
Rsn,
Zd.islai
Kb , Pj ,
Ply, M j
(Good
107),
mo ning plg.
Zais/lai
MZ
II
348,
C
II
1032,
Ns
1826,
1,8
i
k
1999:
S.S.C.S.E.:
S.S.C.S.E..
—
sa.nmie#in'is
Vn, I
know--
Zin'is
Pj , Ko ,
J b
saimiezin'a
>
Pe , Zgé
(plg.
LKZ
XII
149,
LD
1366,
sd.l'miiezin'is
Pe .
sgna ys
—
desn.
s6é-na 'is
Rdn, Eig,
s -na ii-s
K 8,
sa-na 'i:s
Vdk, G ,
Vn
>
s-Dina
Gilija
(LKZ
XII
14).
sqspa a
—
désn.
s incpa a
K 8,
sd.ncpa a
Z ,
R
—
sdispa a
Gilija,
Vik , Kb ,
Pj
(ple.
LKZ
XI
14,
LD
137).
I a dziuo ines
o mas:
bdl ajj désn.
—
bd.l un'zi
K 8
>
bd. alini
Pg ,
Vn
”bal ajy”,
bd.l uji
K s, K
(iSmes as
sonan
n,
wi hou
p olonging
he 3
éjusis
owel),
bd.liaine *bal aja”
Pg ; jen.je
jei.ne “jaja”
Pe , Vn;
bal am'é.n'je
Pg ,
Vn
—
bal amle i.jie
Z
—
bal am'é.in'ie
*in whi e”
Pg , Vn,
bal amlé-jue(ei-
>e-)
S ,
bal am'i-jie
K s,
bal am'é-jie
T s, Rdn,
Pp).
bal @sias
—
désn.
bal d.n'c'es
Vdk, LI,
Sauk, K ,
bal é.n'c'es,
d'edi6.n'cles
Tl, Lk ,
and:s,
d-s
J b,
Jd
—
andis,
dis,
ge disias,
bal disias,
didzidisias
i
e c.
M j
(Hello
107),
Kb , Pj , Al ,
Z , Lad, T s,
g azé.is'es,
salldz#é.is'es
ZTP
41
(min.
locali y).
A
su
ha
hing
jus
doesn'
ha e any
connec i-
on o ns.
J.N.
su
d.i
"Ks,
K ,
Sauk,
Klm, (plg.
T
bu
Hello bu
107),
déoje
su
K , K ,
do-je
so
Rdn . .
i
End o
compou-
nd
-anj-?
Abou
a ious
dishes
Zemaiciy
p ocessed
i a dZiuo ines
o ms
Z .
Pg T
51—52;
Zinke icius
1957,
30,
78
i
k
2.
The
diph hong
n
sound is
al e ed
by o he sona as
1,
.
108
é as
”laibas”
—
désn.
¢'é.nus
K is,
K ,
'é.nus
Tl, Eig,
Va n, Lk
>
Ué.lus
Jn
(K ), Pj.
g€sé
—
désn.
g’é.n'éle
R
(plg.
g’é.n'dZi
K 3)
>
managed
K,
K
1
709;
RB, MZ,
Kel
1881,
238
(plg.
LKZ
3000 AD.
78).
—
linc io 'i
K ,
inc io 'e
Rdn, Va n
'i so-
—
Ss,
Sn
(Tu s éiy
illage).
gsas
—
désn.
u i.éas
K 8,
6-male
Eig, Rdn,
T s,
e-neus
P n, Vds,
Pj, a:
Sas
Skn, Ze,
B g
—
6- gos
Mik, Pl ,
S k, B z
(1947
m.
Va niuose
M. Un ulis
is he
o m o
uZ a3es
d-isas
—
he e is
now said
almos
exclusi -
ely
wénéas.
Maybe
i 's also
an old
diph ho-
ng
-az-?)
3.
The
second
syllable
o a
n
mixed
diph hong
in one
Zodiac is
changed di e en ly
—
1,
u,
(This is
how
nemaiZa
synony-
ms
appea ed
in a ious Wes e n Li huanian
i
Zemaiéiy
places).
gzuolas
—
désn.
éndi .ls
Rdn, T ,
.ndz i-ls
Pj,
windows
K é,
é.nzu-ls
Vdk, Nmk,
Vn
—
aiZuolas
P L
(LKZ
I?
48),
d Zuolas
Dk3, M j,
Vik , Kb ,
P j, Nm,
Sil
(plg.
LKZ
I?
324,
LIA
II
63,
g ound.
44),
youknow
K;
RD
62,
Cp
(plg.
LKZ
I?
518).
Also
p onounced
ig es iniai
i
zodiiai:
a zZuoljnas
LKZ
I?
324
(J.Slapelio
ed.),
a zZuolinis
Gs, Kb ,
Pj
(plg.
LKZ
I
324),
a zuol a is
BsM
II
138,
a zuolgnas
K,
P j, Kb ;
R
111
(LKZ
I?
519),
auzuolin
K,
Pj ;
R,
RD107,
auzuolyné
K
I
333,
auzZuolinis
R.
pasgza
" ak3 is,
paginas”
—
désn.
pag indza
K s,
passé.ndza
Lk, T é,
Eig, P n,
pasd.ndza
Pasilé
(p ie
K aziy)
>
pasdiza
Up,
(pass-Za)
S , Nmk
(LKZ
IX
549—
550),
pasa za
S , K kn,
(LKZ
Rd
IX
559),
pasduza
J,
K ,
Pd
(LKZ
IX
560,
plg.
ka i<kani
"ka, a i< an
a”,
kd au<ka an
‘ka a’
Pd, K ).
Ano he
in e es -
ing ac :
A.
In he a ea
o Sakynos
gnek os
s udied by
Jonai y és,
i is
i
p onounced
i
pasd-za pasd.iza
(S.P.A.P.E.)
i
sgsla os
—
désn.
S inéla as
K ,
§d4.néla as
K , Pd,
Sln,
36.néla as
Rdn, T 3,
d-Sla as
Skn, Zg,
Jd
—
sd. sla as
The
Vn
Ma ke (plg.
LKZ
XII
167),
sdisla os
Rdm, Bd;
Bs
M
1114
(B )
(LKZ
XII
15),
Sdisla os
Gilija
(LKZ
XIII
395).
P iezas ys.
I is an
uncom o -
able
p onuncia -
ion, odél in
a la ge a ea
o
Li huanian
language hose ad.
nasal
owels
we e
eplaced
—
by
elonga ed
à’ éjes
owels.
Submi ed
Gia
examples
may show
signs o a
long-s and-
ing
$j
unwan ed
change,
e en
be o e an,
en, in,
un
>
a’,
e,
@,
wu.
Geog aphy
sugges s
ha i was
in he
wes e n
In
Li huania.
So, he
wes e n
pa o
Li huania
—
in he
P incipali y o
i
Zemai ija, he
a eas
adjacen o i
n+s,
5,
Z,
j,
,
compoun-
ds kei é
in ce ain
cases i,u,
l ,
7,
s,
5,- , %
9,
o
ne
ex ended
he
p ecedi-
ng oice.
As shown
Acous ical
s udies o
he
Li huanian
language g amma
(LKG
I
81,
83,
85,
86),
n , 5, j,
2,
In o he
wo ds, he
liege mus
change he
padé i
dime ical-
ly.
Maybe ha 's
why so many
wes e n
aus alians
(G ina eckiené,
1957,
168,
179)
i
Zemaiéiy
snek y
a all
po
n
can'
unde s and
s,
3,
z, Z, a ia
0
c, é, dz,
dZi
In his
way,
109
hea y
b eakage
o he
liza d is
a oided;
pe haps
because
o his
he old
nasal
owels
we e
p ese -
ed e en in
Siaulény
Snek a
(c .
Ka aliiin-
as, 1992,
Ue) Sj
is- ep e-
sen ed in
A. Salys
(1992, 190)
is-pas e-
béjes.
qui e a
long ime
ago
and‘ ime
kombi-—
na ional
phone ic
désny
—epen ez-
e,--is
called, in
he name
o he
con enie-
nce o
g ea
p onunci-
a ion
luency.
Such
un o u-
na e
eplace-
men o n
wi h
o he
Sonan s
and
owels
was.
uns able,
a ied
e en in
one neck
( he
men ion-
ed
passage
and
>
pasdizd
Sakynos i
and
Zaga és
apylinké-
sé). One
can e en
hink o
m/énca +
mé-sd ||!
eisa:
a ia ion
o he
p esence
in some
Snek a
(Paju ys,
Vainu é,
Laiku ė),
ejec i-
ng A.
Gi denis'
opinion
abou m
'énsa||m'-
énca
—mé-ncd
sonan n
nee ymo-
logi-| ne
o igin —j
Sla ism.
p in ed n
as g gi .
i.ncla,
bazn'i.né-
’e e al.
(Gi denis,
| 1992, 44).
Nex o
p iisy
menso,
la iy
miesa
kiinas”
he bes
i is
Zemaiéiy,
bo de i-
ng wi h
skal iai,
m/éned
(o some
addi ional
e idence
and
ac s
a e
needed). :
‘ This
case o
epen ez-
és (?) is
an
impo a-
n
phenome-
non, i
shows
how a
ce ain
désny
was
o med,
bu
o med
di e en-
ly (as
compens-
a o y
owel
elonga i-
on), and
o he
"a emp-
s"
emained
as
phone ic-
- elics. In
gene al,
ha
he e
was a
ce ain
change in
he
o me
(menky
elik y
le )
bibialsiy i
And
bi okalsi-
y, seems
o be
shown by
he
ollowing
examples
(c .
Ka ulis,
1992, 242):
baig i
(beig i
ak. dz.;
Pn) >
be ig i
(z.),
U bu is,
1981,
95—104.
py =
s eig i
“ o
s i e”
Z.
—s elg i
“ . p.”
"Z.,
s éng i
* :p." z.
i auks .
dlzy i ( .
Lie u os;
z., .
aukS .)
—ldizyli
Pe , B
(pl. LKZ
XV él#i
”sunkiai
b is i,
klampo -
i” (LKZ XV
1185)
— éiz i
” .p.”
1098) and
G ä in (c.
732)
Vé zas
”upé a dis”
Pgg, Plsk
—Véizas K é,
Pgg, Slu,
Rsn, VIks.
Did you hea
abou A.
Simono
S aneyidzia-
us suey?
and i s
dialec
phonologing
sys em //
Ai a ai V.,
1992, N . 3. P.
34-50.
G ina eckie-
néE.
Mi u os
upyno sa
més
one ika /T
Lie u iy
kalbo y os
klausimai, T.
1. V., 1957. P.
119-180.
Ka ali in a s
S.
Kal bo y os
pas abos
//Lie u iy
kalbo y os
klausimai. T.
29. V., 1991. P.
65-79. :
Ka ulis J.
La iesu
e ymology
noun. T. 1-2.
Riga, 1992. i
Labu isV.
Ma ijampol-
iskiy
epen ezinis
i.)
/Ke heues.
T. 42(1). 1993.
P. 107-108.
"Sa lys A.
RaS ai: T.
4. Rama,
1992.
| U bu is
V. Bal y's
e ymolo-
gy e ude.
V., 1981.
Zinke iéi-
usZ. The
his o y
o he
Li huani-
an
language.
,
1957.
All
abb e ia-
ions as
LKZ in
he las
olumes,
excep
ZTP = Ge-.
ullis J.,
S angas
Ch .
Fishing in
he
P ipya
Ta m. K.,
1933.
110
ON
THE
VARIANTS
OF
DIPHTONGS
an
(>4q),
en
in
(>),
un
(>¢)
IN
THE
INDIVIDUAL
ROOTS
AND
FORMS
Summa y
Diph hongs
a e
subs i u -
ed o .
diph ongs
ai, al, a ,
au, e , il,
a ,
i egula :
kQs i
u
(<kéns i)
>
kdis i
”
bi e o ’,
sp és i
(<sp ens i)
—
sp éis i”
sol e”
;
gzZuolas
<dniuolas)
—
dizuolas,
d Zuolas,
duzuolas
”
oak”, ge
gsiag
(<ge dnsias).”
bes ”
{s
-ace.. .)
—~ge disias:and
o he .
“This
phone ic’
phe iomenon
is
a chaic and
occue ha
ime, when
in
Li huahian
Wes e n
dialec s sea ch
he-combina ion
o
n
—
8,
n=
5,
no
z,n—
Zn
-j,n-
,
I
is
he
i egula
ac s,
because
phone ic
law had
been
un o med.
111