269 pages o a icles by Bo um Li whanio um, Eas P ussian
esMiniai ŽodŽiai: au o ys ė, okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas, Obse a io de o igine Ve -
Lexicog aphy, edi ed by F ied ich Wilhelmas Haackas, Baumga en.
KeyWo ds: au ho ship, ge manLi huanian dic iona y, Obse a io de o igine
Ve bo um Li whanio um, lexicog aphy o eas e n P ussia, by ied ich Wilhelm
haack, baumga en. This is he i s ime ha he dic iona y has been used in Li huania.
iLja LeMeŠkin
Cha les Uni e si y in P ague
The di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch a e: old Bal ic li e a u e
and w i ing, compa a i e olklo e, lexicog aphy, his o y o he Bal ic.
P ahos VokieČių–Lie uVių
ank aŠ inio Žodyno
on he issue o au ho ship o he P ague
manusc ip ge manLi huanian dic iona y
anno a ion
The lexicog aphic wo k da ed o he hi d o ou h decades o he hi een h cen u y, called he P ague
Dic iona y, is cu en ly kep in he Clemen ine, in he Depa men o Manusc ip s and Old Publica ions o
he Na ional Lib a y o he Czech Republic (Ná odní kniho na Oddělení ukopisů a s a ých isků), signa u e
XV. . I was p esen ed o he Li huanian communi y o he i s ime a he semina "Ac ual di ec ions o
esea ch in he languages o No he n and Eas e n Eu ope" o ganized by he Associa ion o Resea che s
o Eu opean Languages and Cul u es on 27 Janua y 2011. The epo "Li huanian Lexicog aphy Monumen s in
he Czech Republic: a P ague manusc ip dic iona y o Ge man Li huanian languages a ibu ed o F ied ich
Wilhelm Haack" wi h a hi he o unknown Li huanian monumen was mainly p esen ed om an a chaeological
poin o iew, as well as a discussion o he book ma ke , a ex ual connec ion wi h he so-called K auzės
dic iona y. In 2012, he hi d olume o he Languages and Cul u es A chi es olume published by he
Associa ion o Eu opean Language and Cul u e Dialogue Resea che s ea u ed he i s a icle (Lemeškin
2012) dedica ed o his Eas P ussian lexicog aphic wo k. i co e ed wo aspec s: 1) he lexicog aphic
monumen in he su oundings o he wo kshop and i s loca ion in he Li huanian Czech Republic in he 19 h
cen u y; and 2) a gene al a chaeog aphic glossa y. The a icle concluded by s a ing ha he dic iona y
knowledge is only an a icle p epa ed unde a p ojec unded by he S a e Commission o he Li huanian
Language o s udy and p epa e o he p ess he manusc ip dic iona y o Ge man-speaking languages
(XVIII cen u y) a ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haacke (T ea y no. k-42012, da ed 2012-02-01).
270 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX begins and many ques ions can only be answe ed p elimina ily
iLja LeMeŠkin
o he ime being. Among he opical issues o he u u e was he p oblem o he au ho ship o
he wo d, which is closely ela ed o he in e p e a ion o a single p o enance. The aim o his
a icle is o go as a as possible in hese di ec ions.
An a icle is de o ed o he lexicog aphical he i age o he hi d and ou h decades o he
eigh een h cen u y, in pa icula o he ques ion o au ho ship. Main emphasis is pu on he
s uc u e o he codex including wo independen pa s which […] om he poin o he au ho ship
[…] should be conside ed sepa a ely. as o he Ge man-Li huanian dic iona y we canno speak
abou he au ho ship because i is only ano he copy o an olde documen . bu Obse a io de
o igine Ve bo um Li whanio um can be desc ibed as c ea i e and o iginal. i is assumed ha he
ew i e au ho o […]obse a ion o o igins o Li huanian wo ds[…] is he same pe son ha ing deep
o *P Pk (i.e. p o og aph o he ge man–Li huanian dic iona y ound in P ague) and he
linguis ic knowledge. I is qui e possible ha i was he eason why in he eigh een h cen u y
F ied ich Wilhelm Haecke was ecognized as he au ho . Howe e , he close analysis o he oldes
wo ks sugges s ha he abo e conclusion was no co ec . o ha eason he i le Hacke.
Lexicon Li huanicum w i en on he back o he codex should be e i ied oo. Le 's s a wi h he
de ini ion o he wo d P ague. The i le immedia ely equi es cla i ica ion and speci ica ion,
because i s o all i is necessa y o cla i y who and wha kind o linguis ic wo k is he au ho
alking abou ? The Li huanian monumen o lexicog aphy is p ese ed in P ague om he poin o
iew o he gen e. In ac , i 's a deck o ca ds made up o wo independen lexicog aphic pa s. The
i s and la ges pa (2 […]344 ) is a dic iona y o Ge manic languages, closely ela ed o he
mode n-day Lexicon Li huanicum2, he K ause dic iona y3, he Rich e (o Klaipėda) dic iona y4,
Cla is Ge manico[…]Li h ana5. I doesn' ha e an au hen ic name, one ha we know o su e was
gi en du ing o sho ly a e he dic iona y's c ea ion. This sec ion begins wi h he usual label
o mula Su Diewo Pagalba, ollowed by he i s a icles o he dic iona y. he pape used (sans.
143) da ed 1683-1712 (Lemeškin 2012: 5253). he second pa , o which no so li le space was ca e ully
p o ided in he compila ion o he codex (sąs. 44[…]46), has he i le: […]obse a io de o igine
Ve bo um Li whanio um[…]. "Obse a ions on he o igin o Li huanian wo ds" consis s o a pai o
lexicog aphical wo ks om he second hal o he 15 h cen u y; P o ec ed by LMab s: . 137[…]10;
acsimile: Lexicon Li huanicum 1987. 3 d o 15 h cen u ies, hi d o ou h decades; The secu i y o
LL ib : . 15792. o he da ing o he manusc ip , see he ou h qua e o 1984.
4 is da ed 1728. s o ed in he a chi es o he F ench ins i u ions in he hall: a s j 84. 5
p ese ed LMab s: . 137 1314; published by Vincen o D o ino in 1995[…]1997 […] Cla is
Li huania om 1995 o 1997.
271 a icles by a icles
P ahos okiečių–lie u ių ank aš inio žodyno
au o ys ės klausimu
Ge manico[…] a icles, which combine he lexicon o Li huanian and G eek languages. In he
pas , con a y o he i s pa , pe haps, we would ha e sea ched in ain o he sou ce o
he ela ed wo ks ha se ed as he basis. The coun ies ha make up his pa ha e a
wa e supply o li, da ed o an unknown la e pe iod ( om 1701 m.) (Lemeškin 2012: 53). So he
i s pa can be conside ed comple e and comple e, he o he pa is agmen a y. The
i s […] is a collec i e, in a sense mechanical linguis ic wo k, while he second compa a i e
linguis ic concep is inno a i e (compa ed o he i s pa o he code) and au hen ic. he
au ho ship o his and he lis ed cons i uen pa s o he Code is a om equi alen and
mus be discussed sepa a ely. applying he concep o he P ague dic iona y o he en i e
code, we should no o ge he independen "obse a ions" which, al hough o small scope,
a ac he a en ion o he con empo a y esea che as an ad anced s udy o he
science o his ime. In 1987, Vincas U bu is e y cau iously commen ed on he au ho ship o
he wo d ich e io (o klaipėdiškių) in he amily: […]1728 he wo d is closely ela ed o he
adi ion o he Li huanian w i en lexicog aphy o he P ussian egion, [...] almos
e e y hing is aken om elsewhe e, and he o iginal laye is no con ained in i , and [...]
because o his his manusc ip may e en be mo e likely o be de i ed om he o me
wo d sa a anki, bu only om one co ec ion and addi ion. [...] e en he au ho 's p oblem,
when i u ns ou ha i a ec s no only he whole ocabula y, bu only a ela i ely small
pa o i , should be sol ed somewha di e en ly and no seem so impo an " (u bu is 1987:
58 […] 59). The same can be said o he P ague Dic iona y, he i s pa o he codex. Indeed,
when i comes o la e manusc ip s, which mo e o less pe ec ly eplica e he p o o ype,
i is usually necessa y o conside he ansc ibe s, ha is, no he dic iona y i sel , bu
he au ho o i s indi idual manusc ip s. Howe e , i is also clea ha he laye o exis ing
modi ica ions in each o he manusc ip s is di e en and ha i s size and na u e ( he
papillomas included in he o iginal manusc ip a e he compe ence o he au ho o ha e
been compiled om some hi d sou ce) elimina es he p oblem o au ho ship. Na u ally, he
mo e e bal and au hen ic he laye , he g ea e he igh o he ansc ibed and
supplemen ed pe son o pe cei e he cha ac e is ics o he co-au ho . The amily o
insc ip ions consis ing o he a o emen ioned wo ds ich e io, P ahos, k auzė, Cla is
Ge manico[…]Li h ana and he wo d signa ū a Msc is conside ed o ha e no su i ed. The
name "Ka l" is de i ed om he Ge man wo d "Ka l" meaning "king" o "king" in he Ge man
language, and he abb e ia ion "Ka l" is de i ed om he Ge man wo d "Ka l" meaning
"king" o "king" in he Ge man language. - "Ka l," This abb e ia ion, when ex ended, makes
sense o ollow he e e ence o he P ague dic iona y […] *P Pk (P ä-Rich e P age
K ause) […]. The Linguis ic Dic iona y o Eas P ussia, which was e u ned o he ci cula ion
o Li huanian science in 2011, occupies an impo an place in he chain o dic iona ies o Eas
P ussian dialec s. i s exis ence was p obably o eseen by u bu is, who in his de ailed
ex ual s udy calls i […]anks ėlesniu (neišlikusiu) Q a ian […] (u bu is 1987: 65). The
desc ip ion used o he u bu ius has no been ca ied ou , since he ex s o he
manusc ip de i ed om he common sou ce can be conside ed as a ian s wi h ega d o i s o iginal. The ela ionship be ween he P ague and K ause dic iona ies seems o be
272 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX o he wise known. Well, i 's he a io o he
iLja LeMeŠkin
o iginal o he manusc ip , so looking a i om he o iginal, ha is. The a ian o
he P ague dic iona y, hal , can only be called he lexicog aphic monumen s o ed in
he lib a y o he Li huanian Ins i u e o Li e a u e and E hnology. ha he K auzé
dic iona y is w i en om he P ague dic iona y, showing cases whe e he o iginal
appendices, he colou and g aphics ha s and ou on he pages o he P ague
dic iona y (w i en be ween he lines, in pa en heses, in o he ink, in ano he co ne ,
e c.), he K auzé dic iona y alls in o he main ex . He e a e a ew examples:
This
Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
P3 k7
273 a icles by a icle
P ahos okiečių–lie u ių ank aš inio žodyno
au o ys ės klausimu
PZ 61 kZ 134 om his ideo explains he s a egy o he ansc ibe o he […]baili[…]
K ause dic iona y: he elies on he sou ce o he ex in he main ex , bu does so
(pe haps because o his low compe ence) in his own way. He p esen s he inpu s in he
P ague dic iona y as i he we e w i ing be ween lines, bu he exagge a ed s yliza ion o
he o iginal becomes appa en when compa ing he dis ances be ween lines (common and
when eco ding he su ixes o he P ague dic iona y). Thus, he P ague dic iona y helps
o be e unde s and he na u e o he K ause dic iona y and i s place in he
a o emen ioned chain o manusc ip dic iona ies, especially in he au ho 's aspec .
explains ha he luc ua ion be ween he oles o ansc ibe and co-au ho ends o
he o me . I would ha dly be possible o alk abou any inno a i e laye he e wi hou
adding almos no hing o one's own (in he pa o he w i en eplies) and, un o una ely,
by dis o ing his o ha , he au ho o he a icle blindly conside s he o iginal o he
a icle. Because o ha p o o ype, he K ause dic iona y is p obably no e y use ul o
he econs uc ion o he P Pk. I seems ha he au ho o he Rich e scale wo ked in a
simila way. and he had li le o en ich and expand he o iginal, i.e. no su i ed he *P Pk.
A he momen , while Schille has no ye appea ed in he p ess, he e is no s a emen by
specialis s who ha e no exp essed hei se ious opinion on his issue, ca e ully s udied
he monumen s o he Lesse Li huanian lexicog aphy, a he han d awing s ic
conclusions abou he ela ionship be ween he w i e s. Howe e , i he ela ionship
be ween he o iginal and he ansla ion be ween he P ague and C oa ian dic iona ies is
well- ounded, i is possible o speak o a g ea e au ho i a i e o igin o he P ague
dic iona y. i seems ha he ansc ibe will ha e made an e o o unde s and he
lexicon and will y o imp o e and expand he exis ing olde sou ce. This e o
unde mined he mul i-laye ed na u e o he i s pa o he P ague Code (which

274 ac a
iLja LeMeŠkin
Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
1 o V. The i le page o he P ague Codex e eals a copy o he i le page ep oduced
he e. This e o , in u n, is well sui ed and co esponds o he na u e o he second
pa o he code. is he au ho o he Ge man-Li huanian language dic iona y and o he
[…]Obse a ions[…] o he same code he same pe son? The answe o ha ques ion is
p obably yes. The second "obse a ion" o he codex in he codex came be o e he
daliai naudo as y ų P ūsijoje maždaug uo pačiu laiku pagamin as popie ius. an a,
binding o he book, and he binding i sel does no seem o be la e . I can be assumed
ha he man, a e ansc ibing and supplemen ing an olde lexicog aphic sou ce, added
275 a icles by a icle
P ahos okiečių–lie u ių ank aš inio žodyno
au o ys ės klausimu
an emp y pa o he h ee manusc ip s o his manusc ip ( om he poin o iew o he
second codex), bound he en i e block o he book and began o w i e his
[…]Pas ebėjimus[…]. The agmen a ion and incomple eness o he "obse a ions" could
be explained by p agma ic con enience. De eloping a s udy on he o igin o Li huanian
wo ds in a hick, al eady bound book u ned ou o be imp ac ical, pe haps because he
w i ing had o be in e up ed cons an ly in sea ch o new explana o y ex s. In addi ion,
he spelling o "obse a ions" in he Li huanian egis e o lemmas is eminiscen o he
main pa o he dic iona y's Li huanian oo no es. The easoning ha he au ho o he
"Obse a ions" and he i s pa o he code is he same pe son, o cou se, aises he
au ho i y o he pe son who w o e he dic iona y. he neighbo hood wi h Pas ebėjimais
would p o e ha he au ho o he P ague manusc ip could eally be he au ho . This
dis inguishes him om he andom copyw i e , ha is, he man a emo ed om he
science o language who, o a ee, me ely copies he sou ce gi en o him. U bu is was
igh when he said ha he p oblem o au ho ship is no so impo an in he case o
manusc ip s ha a e no e y a om he p o o ype. Howe e , he ques ion o he
au ho ship o he P ague dic iona y is ce ainly wo h conside ing. Well, you should look
o someone who has eally excep ional language skills. The sho age o cle ks in Eas
P ussia in he i s hal o he 13 h cen u y was p obably no eal; The e we e e y ew
ee lexicog aphe s; and e en ewe au ho s who could and would w i e a Li huanian
e ymological s udy. And i 's p obably he kind o pe son who ewo ked i in o he P ague
dic iona y. Was i no his ci cums ance ha p omp ed one o he con empo a ies o
a ibu e he book o he pe sonali y o F ied ich Wilhelm Haack? Bu le 's go back o he
kų eks ą nė a leng a pa ikimai pe skai y i, ypač į adinį au o iaus pas a s ymą
second pa o he P ague Code. The agmen "Obse a ions on he o igin o Li huanian wo ds" is o small size. small Ge man language. I was able o deciphe his ex (345 ):
345 PŽ obse ed: de o igine Ve bo um Li whanio um i will be o he mos lea ned d.
li ausche sp ache o ein Misch Masch gehal en: da soll nu eine collec ion on
Wö e [n] anges elle we d[en], d. aus embden sp ache[n] genoen:
I 's ime. Heis . Wha is i ? yea : de i a i e: e. Luke he 8 h This Regula ion
shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. I 's he same hing. he annus. […] he […]τος: […]es can[…] easy o M. hin[…]ugese […] see.
You a e lying. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
276 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX I am e y so y ha he s udy has been
iLja LeMeŠkin
in e up ed sho ly a e i began. We could say mo e i we had a pai o a leas one
ull shee . Un o una ely, we ha e wo laconic a icles. Bu i 's clea om hem ha
he s udy had o ha e signs o lexicog aphic wo k. On he le is a egis e o selec ed
Li huanian wo ds, on he igh i co esponds o G eek language ma e ial, which,
judging by he i le o he s udy, was supposed o e eal and explain he o igin o
Li huanian lexemes. In his laconic a icles, he au ho explains li le, does no indica e
why he Li huanian lemma coincides p ecisely wi h hese G eek lemmas, and his again
encou ages in e p e a ion. The examples gi en gi e he imp ession ha he au ho is
wo king in a quali a i ely di e en way han we would expec . I would be na u al o
expec a compa a i e s udy based on he a omic me hod. he ex e nal, o mal
simila i y ( esp. apa us leksemų one inis sąskambis) p omo ed he g . μέθυ ‘alcoholic
be e age o be combined wi h lie. honey and mead. The au ho o he "obse a ions"
appa en ly does no indica e pa allels o him. Appa en ly, he's ying o show ha he
o he G eek wo d o honey, honeycomb, also has a e lec ion in Li huanian, hence he
G eek wo d o honey, lo. She's lying o me. They lo e i . in he nex a icle nex o lie.
he yea is p o ided by he G eek yea […]me ai[…]. Such a jux aposi ion o lexemes can
be conside ed a easonable subjec om he poin o iew o mode n linguis ics.
Oswald Szeme ényi, examining he whi e ma e ial, w i es abou wo appella i es,
meaning […]me ai[…] (*em[…] os and
*we os), con amina ion, and heal hy appella i e anda g . […]μητος […]de lius, one-o
ha es ing […] and g . ([…])έτος […]me ai[…] (szeme ényi 1962: 198[…]199). I he
"obse a ions" had no s opped and con inued wi h simila subjec s, we would now
ha e a signi ican and ex ao dina y wo k. he au ho ope a es mainly on he
esou ces o G eek and La in languages. Un o una ely, due o he agmen a ion o
he ex , i emains unclea how compe en he au ho was wi h ega d o o he
languages. The end emains o be discussed he 15 h cen u y middle p o enance,
which aims o iden i y he au ho s o he P ague dic iona y. We' e alking abou he
277 a icles by
P ahos okiečių–lie u ių ank aš inio žodyno
au o ys ės klausimu
dona ion en y a he beginning o he book (1 ): auc o hacke
Wa P eache in Li huania. I'm
going o s udy in he hall. I 's
p in ed on he Weisenhaus. Don'
gi e i o me.
[d] he kinde ga en
We could ansla e he p o enance: he au ho hacke was a p eache in Li huania. You
s udied in he hall. his linguis ic wo k mus ha e been published in he Weisenhause
p in ing house. He dona ed he Baumga en. The con usion is mainly caused by he end o
he eco ding and i s in e p e a ion. The le e nex o he su name Baumga en can be
in e p e ed di e en ly as J o D. In he i s case, i would ma k he name o he owne .
In he case o he le e D, he e a e se e al possibili ies. I can be unde s ood as he
comple ion o a cons an La in dona ion eco d: Dono dedi dedica i . in ha case, i he
La in en y donacinis is used in a sho ened o m (and such examples as […] Dono dedi
[…]do anai da ė[…] […] a e su icien ), he le e D could ha e been w i en by he
baumga en's own i le: Doc o . Finally, D can also be in e p e ed as dominus […]ponas[…].
hen i would mean ha he eco d was le no by Baumga en himsel , bu by some
hi d pe son who conside ed i his du y o shed ligh on he his o y o he book's
p esen a ion. In addi ion, he e is ei he an un eadable wo d o a silen pencil d op in he
lines abo e he name Baumga en. So wi h an a ac i e wi ness who iden i ies he
au ho s o he P ague dic iona y wi h F ied ich Wilhelm Haack, i seems ha cau ion
should be exe cised. We can' be su e, e en because i was le o he owne o he
dic iona y, S.J. Baumga en, a man who migh ha e had a be e unde s anding o he
subjec s in ol ed in he book's incep ion. ch is iane schille and bi u ė iškai ė we e
pleased o sha e aluable obse a ions ha a e impo an o in e p e ing and da ing
he p o enance unde discussion. I da e you o men ion hem b ie ly. Schille poin ed ou
ha when he said soll au dem Weisenhause ged uck seyn sch i s elle , i was no
eally ue ha Haacko's linguis ic wo k had ac ually been published in he p in ing house
in Halle. He's only guessing. The esea che also poin ed o he use o wa ime mapping,
which indica es ha he eco d was made a e Haacko's dea h. T iškai ė, o he pa ,
could obse e ha he du ies o a p eache (P edige ) we e p obably o be pe o med
only a e s udying in he hall. This suppo s he assump ion ha he insc ip ion was
made a e he e u n o Eas P ussia and, appa en ly, a e 1754. The la e da ing o
he insc ip ion encou ages he e i ica ion o he name Hacke w i en on he back o he
book. The Li huanian Lexicon. i u ns ou ha his name is seconda y, linked no o he
eme gence o he code, bu o he ime o he eco ding o he p o enance. The e o e,
he a ibu ion o au ho ship o Haack by he Code mus be conside ed unjus i ied. So
he ques ion o whe he he P ague dic iona y can be a ibu ed o he hacc (assigned
o he e e nal), mus be answe ed in he nega i e. The p o enance, which includes he
name o he owne o he book, Baumga en, aises a lo o doub s. I 's also un eliable in e ms o he da ing and he de ini ion o he pe son who le his eco d. The analysis o he dona ion eco d also encou ages cau ion wi h he Hacke Code. Lexicon Li huanicum by name. i is mos likely