81s aipsniai / a icles
esMiniai ŽodŽiai: seman inis i s ilis inis azeologizmo sky imo k i e ijus, leksinė i
g amma ical composi ion o he ph aseology, adi ional ph aseology,
s able combina ion o wo ds.
Keywo ds: seman ic and s ylis ic c i e ion o ph aseologism dis ibu ion, lexical and
g amma ical composi ion o ph aseologism, adi ional ph aseologism, s able wo d
combina ion.
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas: analysis o w i en sou ces, lexicog aphy and
lexicology o w i en sou ces, sociolinguis ics.
This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o submi a p oposal o a egula ion on his subjec .
The a icle on he ph aseology and i s p esen a ion in he dic iona y o he na a i e olklo e
he ph aseology p esen ing in he dic iona y
o Ma as slančiauskas
ano acija
w i en by Ma o Slančiusko and his colleagues is discussed in he a icle on he ph aseology and
i s p esen a ion in he dic iona y o he na a i e olklo e w i en by Ma o Slančiusko and his
colleagues. Based on he app oach o Li huanian, La ian, English, Ge man and Russian speake s
o ph ases, i is claimed ha in he his o ical, e minological and g amma ical dic iona ies, e en
in he dic iona ies o he cu en language, s able wo d combina ions can be included alongside adi ional ph ases.
The a icle deals wi h he p inciples o p esen ing ph aseology in he dic iona y o olk
na a i es eco ded by Ma as Slankiuskas and his assis an s. An analysis o he iews o
a ious Li huanian, La ian, Russian, English, and Ge man linguis s sugges s ha no only
adi ional ph aseologies bu also s able wo d combina ions should be dis inguished in
his o ical dic iona ies as well as dic iona ies o dialec s, subdialec s, and e en mode n
languages.
1 The ma e ial o he Slo ak dic iona y (Slančiausko sŽ) was collec ed om 2001 o 2005 and om 2011 o 2012
i was p epa ed as a p ojec o he S a e Li huanian Language Commission o he Li huanian dialec s a.
pab. 20 h cen u y p . in w i en sou ces: he dic iona y o Ma o Slančiausko and his assis an s in he 19 h
cen u y olklo e collec ion Leksika (T ea y no. k-12/2011).
82 ac a
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
0 Con ibu o s
Ma as Slančiuskas and his assis an s w o e he ex s o he na a i e olk ale mo e
han a hund ed and six y yea s ago om he g a e ul esiden s o he Joniškio dis ic .
The p og essi e Slankians encou aged he people o hei coun y o collec olklo e,
olk medicine ecipes, memo ies, and ales. om he slum helpe s men ioned:
u iškų knygų pla in ojas, eilė aščių kū ėjas jonas umpulis (gimęs 1862 m. sa gū-
nų k. (joniškio lsč.), mi ęs 1943 m. liepos 20 d., palaido as P ankiškių kapeliuose,
Liedauno a ičių k., nea Sa gūnai); a collec o o olklo e and au ho o memoi s, sho
s o ies, and pic u es, who published he book JaV Gim inės akais (1968), P anas Na ydas
(1882 - 1 June) in sho (joniškio lsč.) […] 1976 - bu ied in New Yo k); good s o y elle , who
w o e no one long s o y, juozapas s one ičius (1849 m. bučiūnų k. […] 1901 m. July 19 (bo n
in Rugpju, bu ied in he ceme e y o G uzdze); He was no only an elec o o he Na ional
Assembly, bu also a ep esen a i e o he Vilnius Seimas, he ini ia o o he
p og essi e Li huanian You h Union boa d, Jonas Lideikis (1891 m. ažų k. (g uzdžių lsč.) 26
May 1927, bu ied in g uzdžių kapinėse); Pilypas G igu is (bo n June 7, 1876; died Ma ch 24,
1967; bu ied Ma ch 24, 1967) was a membe o he Cons i uen Assembly o Li huania.
udiškių kapinėse šalia sa o d augo i moky ojo slančiausko); s eponas s azdas,
už ašęs kele ą au osakos kū inių, ano no be o Vėliaus, kilęs iš Vaškų pa apijos
(Pas ali) bu li ed o a long ime in he Joniškio and Žaga ė dis ic s2. Thus, he slang
wo d (sŽ) e lec s he local ocabula y and ph asing ha can be used no by he whole
na ion, bu by a pa icula linguis ic communi y bound by e i o ial, eligious,
economic, and cus oma y ies. As he imes change, he ph ases used by he language
communi y change: some o hem emain in manusc ip s o p in ed wo ks, some go in o
obli ion wi h he socie y ha used hem, some emain ac i e ocabula y ( hey keep in
mind he slang, he dialec o he language ha he socie y s ill speaks).
0.1. pu pose o he s udy and me hodology o wo k pu pose o he a icle […] o
examine he ph aseology and discuss he p esen a ion o adi ional ph aseologies
and s able wo d combina ions used in he Ionian egion. The me hodology used - a
b oade app oach o ph asing and he sepa a ion o s able wo d combina ions - could
be ele an o he compile s o his o ical, g amma ical and e minological, e en
con empo a y language dic iona ies. om he s able compound wo ds, he his o ians
o he language could judge no only he de elopmen o he ph aseology, bu also i s
ha m a a ce ain ime. In addi ion, he s able wo ds jun2 b oade see In he ligh o he o egoing conside a ions, he Commission concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU.
azeologijos pa eikimas Ma o slančiausko žodyne
The 83-line a icles a e a kind o sou ce o ph aseology, because a s able combina ion o
wo ds, in a a o able linguis ic en i onmen , can always become a adi ional
ph aseology. he p epa a ion o he SJ is based on he adjacen su ey me hod. The
ange o ph ases and exp essions a e compa ed wi h he adi ional ph ases p esen ed
in he Dic iona y o Ph aseology and he Dic iona y o Li huanian Language ( olume
i[…]XX). The ma e ial also aised a numbe o p oblems o be conside ed, e.g. he c i e ia
o selec ing ph ases; whe he hose compounds ha a e also used as s able
compounds can be ph ases; how o d aw he line be ween adi ional ph aseologies and
s able wo d combina ions; Finally, how o econcile he adi ional and non- adi ional
app oaches o speake s o ph aseology (see pa ag aph 0.2). Pe haps no all he
ques ions ha e been answe ed, bu , om he au ho 's poin o iew, he ph aseological
compounds, hei synonyms and a ian s (in he b oades sense), p esen ed in he
a icle, and he p oblems aised can be use ul o lexicog aphe s, lexicologis s. To his
end, he au ho has p epa ed his a icle in he hope ha i will be wo hy o he
lexicog aphe s' discussion o ph asology, he de ini ions and uses o which, especially in he p epa a ion o dic iona ies,
ų i ki us žodynus, a odo, da y a ką pasaky i.
0.2 es subs ance
A he end o he 19 h cen u y and he beginning o he 20 h cen u y, a census was
aken o he no he n pa o he dis ic o Joniškio by he people o Slančjausko
(Feb ua y 21, 1850 - Ma ch 11, 1924) and his assis an s. Th ee publica ions we e
published on he basis o he manusc ip s o he collec ion o he Slenkjausko and
his assis an s' an hologies, compiled in 1866-1895: No h Li huanian Tales (1974), No h
Li huanian Tales and Anecdo es (1975), No h Li huanian Tales and Tales (1985). The
ma e ial was collec ed om he a o emen ioned publica ions. O e 580 ph asal
compounds, o which o e 380 a e adi ional ph ases and o e 200 a e s able wo d
compounds, ha e been epo ed in sŽ a icles. I should be ecalled ha ph ases
om he a o emen ioned places ha e al eady been included in he Li huanian
language dic iona y (LkZ) and he ph ases dic iona y ( Z), bu no all o hem a e
beau i ul, and he p epa ed ma e ial should no only supplemen bu also highligh he synonyms o ph ases and hei meaning.
Fo example, ph ases wi h he wo d ka as supplemen ing LkŽ and Ž wi h
new compounds a e p esen ed, e.g. on he ca d immedia ely; a he same ime
[…]immedia ely, suddenly[…]; e e y ime […] […] emp y […]3.
3 A ha momen he bo om o he ja collapsed and ell, and he lady he sel slipped and ell down. SLP 382 So,
on he o he side o he wall, go s aigh o ha place and knock, and ha wi ch will be on he one side o he
wall. I will boil wel e laye s in one po a a ime, bu gi e me he ing o da kness a e he eas , whe e he
daugh e o da kness is on he inge . One hund ed and i y yea s old, and answe ing a wo d o his mo he :
ha old age, wi hou ee h, no longe c ies, she is s ill a child, and has been silen o a long ime, o will go o he
84 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX an ai LkŽ o he wo d ka as o indica e he
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
ollowing ph asal compounds: om ka o ad . 1. In he beginning 2. "One a a ime, one
a a ime, one a a ime". om he same place. om he e y beginning; as a coa o
a ms. ♪ Jus like ha , jus like ha , jus like ha ♪ ca ou o ca 's eye.
some imes, in be ween; ca om ca ad . The i s . one a a ime […] 2. a he
appoin ed ime, egula ly; I'd like o ask you a ew ques ions. 1. […]Many imes,
o en[…] 2. ca ds; Wha 's he i s one? […]e e y ime[…] 2. all; nex ime ad . 1. "I'm an
old man". some imes, some imes; be accompanied by an ad . immedia ely; The e's no
need o ha . en i ely, comple ely; he e m o he complain is "complain ,
complain "; he enom o he ka ad . […]when[…]4.
ca hed al once he sel . A icle 70 is supplemen ed by he ollowing ph ases: would ha e been cau ious 1. o en 2.
ca ds; om he beginning o he s o y; Ano he g ee ing. […] o me ly […]; The e's a ca . Tempo a y 2. No much,
ka ais 1. „kadaise, ki ados“ 2. „ka ais, kai kada“; šiám ka ui 1. „sakoma a si-
a li le. said as a a ewell; he ein does no all apa a e many a emp s, wha has o happen happens, i is
impossible o a oid i ; I'm going o do i igh now. om he e y beginning; A e a long ime; he ca o he ca
[…] e ka čiais[…]; I'm going o ell you some hing e y sho . I'll be back in a li le while. o aise ph ases and
ph ases o sp ead in o ma ion; o con ey he news […] o epo quickly, o say[…]; (pa)gi e in o ma ion […] ell,
epo […] also supplemen he LkZ and Z ma e ial6. 4 LkŽ V 330[…]331. This Decision is add essed o he Membe
S a es. The plg. He p omised o help, bu hen he changed his mind and didn' come. he gl . When a kni e is
sha pened, i comes ou o he blade. I 's ha d o emembe and say any hing. he ollowing able is added: I
enjoy my wo k as much as anyone else. he ollowing able is inse ed: I 's jus he way i is. I 's ough. (adj.) A
ca om a ca 's ail, and a ee o you sel . he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: The dog jus jumped a ound
him and occasionally licked his hands. I 's aining. Ans ea s a ca om a ca h ee imes a day. Ha en' you done
ha be o e? Pg. and pg. Each ime, hey el weake and weake . I 's aining. The sun ises high, plunges h ough
he mis , and bu ns ho e and ho e . Down he e. Ou people will d ink mo e nex ime. I 's him. I'll o ge he
s o y wi h ha ca d. he ollowing able is added: I don' wan any o ha silk clo hes. The V.K. I 's a good hing I
had a chance! he ollowing able is inse ed:
5 Z 272 o 273. The plg. He was a e hose doc o s, he commissione s, ime a e ime. he k. Some imes
he shoes a e pu in hose boo s. This is i . A child once asked o b ead om a ca . Lk. and Lk. Tha 'll do,
and hen I'll look again. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: I' e go b ead on he ca d. Pn. (sl., Všn., kpč.) Tha
was hen. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: One ime you won lie. I doesn' happen igh away. This is i . In
he class oom, om ime o ime, he e was a lo o noise. he a yž. I' e been he e oo many imes. This is
i . He's all o e ha ca d. he g ass. She d o e ha kid o Shiaul, p omised o help he wo k a home, and
she kep he p omise. Down he e. 6 So he women o Sodom came unning o hea him, and hey ga e wo d
o he commande and he cap ain. Ve se 31: "And he mis ess o he house old he s ewa d how much
wine he s ange had d unk." 89 Immedia ely he ga e he king he news, and a la ge c owd ga he ed he e.
And he wa chmen sen wo d o he king, saying, This man and his man ha e come wi h he bea , and he
de il is among he shephe ds. 268 Now, immedia ely hey closed ha doo and immedia ely ga e he news o
hose gen lemen in he palace. Those gen lemen immedia ely sen wo d o he o he chu ches o he o he kings o come a once. And he king old he queen, saying, Thus and hus came he queen o he .
azeologijos pa eikimas Ma o slančiausko žodyne
85 a icles wi h he wo d "knowledge" in he LkZ a e ph ases ha combine:
wi hou he knowledge o he day 1. A lo 2. e y much; wi hou knowledge, well; o
un, o jump, o un, o jump, o jump, o jump, o jump, o jump, o jump, o
jump. I don' know. A lo . "I'm eady o un", he said. wi h knowledge 1. "Li le, oo
much o say". 2. expec ed, calcula ed; all he in o ma ion is co ec ; Knowledge is
a sec . he no i ica ion o success; in a clea place so ha you don ha e o look
Ž azeologiniai junginiai, papildan ys LkŽ medžiagą, bū ų: Jobo žinia „ne-
o i ; I don' know.
I 's no clea .
The ph aseology as wi h he e nacula would i in o he companion o he
wo d iẽd as LkŽ and he compound kap gi en by Ž om iẽd o sma kiai ( o
pou )9. The e is a sligh di e ence in he p onuncia ion o he wo d "L" in he
L'O éal dialec , bu he wo d "L'O éal" is no used in he L'O éal dialec , and he
wo d "L'O éal" is no used in he L'O éal dialec . hen; 2. "unexpec edly"; 3. […]
a ha ime[…]; on one […]s aiga[…]; one mo e ime, one mo e ime; The o he one
is "somewhe e else, someday". om ha boa d a ha ime; o ha g oup
[…]a he same ime, o a minu e[…]; Tha 's he 10 h squad on.
In e se 252, God ells him o come his e ening. S.L.P. 252 The a he immedia ely ga e he news ha he
hadn' come home ye . And he sen wo d by he holy spi i , saying, "I anyone sees wo wol es unning a e
a whi e dee , he will no be a aid; bu i he calls on he names o John and Pe e , hey will begin o speak".
Ladies and gen lemen, when you hea d ha Michael p omised o go o he cou , you old he news o he
kleboniya ha you p omised o come o Michael. ŠLsP 173 and
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The plg. I'm going o ill i wi h Dieng's knowledge. Shu up. Wi hou a day's
no ice. I 's he dgl. (kp., d iV262(P ng.)) Wi hou he knowledge o he wicked. O he , o a hickness When
he s a ed o sc eam, I jus g abbed his a m and an away. M P esiden , I would like o hank he
Commissione o his eply. I I'm in good heal h, I know wha I'm doing. he species. (Small, Russian, Lb.) I'm
going home. he ollowing able is inse ed: And we'll ha e a cup o ea wi h he news. he ollowing
pa ag aph is added: (Please) Ubago po e s wi h knowledge. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I I don' d i e
omo ow, I'll know I'm d i ing omo ow. I 's no ha . The s o ies we e mo e amilia o him. he c us .
(L (p esumably), b z., j. jabl. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his. (c) 8 Z 2001: 873 (c) (d) (e) (e) (e) (e) (e)
(e) (e) (e) (e) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i)
(i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (i) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii)
(ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (ii) (i ) (i ) (i ) (i ) wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is
wha is wha is wha is wha The plg. I don' know wha 's going o happen he e. The Vj. Pu ha duck in he
news. Lk . o which: Job knows. P . 9 O ou doo s hea d he mos e ible s o m: hail, hail, hail when wi h he
wind blows. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The plg. I 's like a bi d's nes . he c us . (See also he box "Wha
Does he Bible Really Teach?") Lk 1086 (pic u es wi h possible ph ases a e gi en in he explana ion o he
meanings); The man on ha eam wen home, u ned a ound and died. […] Psalm 133: She and he husband old him, and he gues s on ha eam wen o he nex one. And he chie o he house came, and sold he dog o he lo d. 28 And he son o he man who had been go e no in ano he go e no 's palace and had come o his a he 's house on ha occasion. 2 Ch onicles 20:20 (KJV) And I came o ha band o wo oxen. P.S. 163 Eidams bowed his head and wen in o deep hough , looking a a bunch o people! Hea ing a big bang o music. And he said o me, "Wha is his ha you ha e done o me? Wha is his ha you ha e done o me?" I'm going o he 304 h p ecinc , and I'm going o he shephe d's, and I'm going o see ha gi l. The 68-yea -old's body was ound in he lesh o a ho se. 39 So om ha g oup and in i ed he elde s o kill. And he said, Shu up, i s o all, bu n he bones, and i you don' look closely, I'll kill you. The wol is silen in he he d. SLP 138 The bee didn' ha e i s own in ha g oup. He an in o he sods, pou ed bee on he s o e. 100 And hose gues s had come in ha g oup. No less han € 130

86
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
The e o e, he ma e ial shows ha he di e si y o ph aseological compounds, hei
a ian s and exp essions has no ye been ully eco ded, which means ha i is s ill
unde in es iga ion, so ha we can be e s udy he cen e and pe iphe y o
ph aseology, he de elopmen o ph aseology and synonymy and ealize ha he
ph aseological ange o each egion o Li huania is o en somewha di e en , and
nai, a mių i šnek ų žodynai ge ai papildo minė ų leidinių medžiagą.
0.3. azeologizmų analizės me odologija
he e o e does no always all in o he undamen al publica ions.
In ecen yea s, new ideas on he c i e ia o he classi ica ion o ph ases ha e been exp essed in
Li huanian dialec and a b oade app oach o ph ases has been de eloped. The aim is o de ine he
cen e and pe iphe y o ph ases, so i is p oposed o alloca e adi ional common meanings o he
azeologizmus i s abiliuosius žodžių junginius. adicinė azeologizmų samp a a
susie a su aiškos, seman iniu, a osenos i s ilis iniu aspek ais. adiciniai aze-
ologizmai su okiami kaip eksp esy ūs, pas o ios leksinės sudė ies, ien isos, api-
compounds o wo ds de ined by he lexical en i onmen 11. These ph ases a e a anged acco ding o he
selec ion c i e ia o he Li huanian speake s: some o hem p ima ily indica e exp essi eness, image y
(Pikčilingis 1975: 348; jakai ienė 1980: 99; ba auskai ė 1995: 60; jakai ienė 2010: 281, 284); o he s emphasize
he cons an lexical and g amma ical composi ion (d o inas 1975: 60; Lipskienė 1979: 93, 10) 11 o he
ph ases o he Li huanian speake s, which a e u he de ined in he de ini ions, indica e ha he
adi ional app oach o he ph aseology emains in ac . 12g.: […]ph ases a e exp essi e and pic o ial
pe manen lexical seman ically uni ied compounds, whe e he meanings o indi idual wo ds a e mo e o
less wi hd awn o he second plane and whe e hey a e o e shadowed by he meaning o he whole[…]
(Pikčilingis 1975: 348); […]ph ases, o ph ases, so-called exp essi e and pic o ial ixed lexical and
g amma ical pa e ns, compounds o wo ds o singula meaning, which ha e a de ined lexical
en i onmen and a e no o med in he p ocess o communica ion, bu a e used om memo y[…]
(jakai ienė 1980: 99); (ph ases) […] a ious, consis en lexical composi ion and g amma ical s uc u e o
he compound wo ds […] (ba auskai ė 1995: 60); (ph ases) […]mo e o less pic o ial consonan s and
indi isible combina ions o wo ds[…] (jakai ienė 2010: 281); ph ases in Li huanian g amma allow us o
conside igu a i e, singula , ansposed meanings, ixed lexical and g amma ical wo d combina ions
(jakai ienė 2010: 284).
13 Plg.: „ azeologizmais galima laiky i pas o ios leksinės i g ama inės sudė ies apibend in os eikšmės
isual wo d combina ions wi h a g amma ically and seman ically de ined en i onmen , ec ea ed in a
"collec i e p ocess" and "used om memo y as o mulas o collec i e c ea i i y" (Vosyly ė, 1972, 23)
(d o inas 1975: 60); […]ph ases a e usually called s able compounds o wo ds wi h cons an composi ion,
g amma ical s uc u e and gene alized seman ics, whose indi idual componen meanings a e weake o
comple ely aded, i.e. deseman icized[…] (Lipskienė 1979: 910).
azeologijos pa eikimas Ma o slančiausko žodyne
87s aipsniai / a icles
O he s also pu o wa d he seman ic uni y o he meaning o he c i e ia (Paulauskas
1977: 6; jakai ienė 1980: 95; Vosyly ė 1985: 3; Župe ka 1983: 34)14. one […] isual […] dis inc i e
c i e ion is used o c i icize. Wisdom, being a a he subjec i e dis inc i e ea u e,
obse es Ru a Ma cinke ičienė, should no be an essen ial ea u e o he dis inc ion o
ph ases. i p oposes o expand he […] adi ional Li huanian concep o ph aseology by
including a ious ypes o s able wo d combina ions, cons uc ions o sen ences,
because consis ency, consolida ion, equen […]going oge he [...] should be conside ed
he mos impo an and eliable cha ac e is ic[…] (Ma cinke ičien 2001: 83)15.
kogni y inės ling is ikos a s o ai, apib ėždami azeologizmus, dažniausiai ak-
cen uoja žodžių junginio nedalomumą, sus aba ėjimą, kalba apie azeologizmų
In his con ex , i is impo an o emphasise he ole o he Eu opean Pa liamen
in he de elopmen o he Eu opean Union's o eign policy. La ian linguis s
conside he lexical uni y o a wo d compound o be a ph aseology16. English
schola s also emphasise he wo d combina ion […] hei p esence oge he 17.
Ge man speake s e e o a ph aseology as a combina ion o wo ds18. Russian schola s emphasize p ima ily he seman ic ela ionship o wo ds in a compound.
14 Fo example, "ph asal compounds a e cons an compounds o singula and igu a i e meanings"
(Paulauskas 1977: 6); […]a ph aseology is a seman ically indis inguishable compound o wo ds, in o he wo ds,
i has a gene alized, o singula , meaning[…] (jakai ienė 1980: 95); […]no all cons an compa isons can be
conside ed ph ases, because some o hem a e no comple ely es ablished, hei meaning is only limi ed,
al hough hey a e all eco e ed om memo y, ha e a mo e o less uni ied meaning and a e pic o ial[…]
(Vosyly ė 1985: 3); […]ph ases, o ph ases compounds, a e seman ically indis inguishable (in e ms o
meaning), cons an , igu a i e compounds o wo ds[…] (Župe ka 1983: 34).
15 See also Ma cinke ičienė 2001: 81 […] 98; 2010 She is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . 16 e.g.
[…]P azeologisms and lexically indi isible, he composi ion o a s uc u e is ela i ely s able, o he language
adi ion is s eng hened by he combina ion o wo ds, which is usually associa ed wi h he whole meaning o
he combina ion o a sepa a e componen o he meaning o he ansla ion (VPsV) […] (oļehno iča 2012: 30);
ā du sa ienojums, jo ajā a ik ie ies as gan s uk u ālas, gan seman iskas a iācijas gan sinh onis-
ph ases and condi ions a e s able as well as in he diah onic aspec (oļehno iča 2012: 30). 17 Plg.: […]Ph aseology
[…] choice o a angemen o wo ds; a mode o exp ession […] (iod 616); […]Ph aseology […] choice o
a angemen o wo ds; s udy o ixe ph ases and idioms (oaLed 672); […]Ph aseology […] a pa icula mode o
exp ession, especially one cha ac e is ic o a pa icula speake o subjec a ea: legal ph aseology[…] (ode
1327); Ph ase a small g oup o wo ds s anding oge he as a concep ual uni , ypically o ming a componen o
a clause. an idioma ic o sho pi hy exp ession […] (ode 1327). 18 Plg.: […]Ph aseologie […] gesam hei ypical
wo d connec ions, es e ügungen, Wendungen, edensa en eine sp ache, idioma ik, da s ellung
Zumsammens ellung de Ph aseologie (besides he ac ha he ph aseology is no a collec ion o wo ds, bu
a collec ion o wo ds). Zu einem s ichwo in einem Wö enbuch[…] (duden 1996: 1148) 19 Plg.: […]Ph azeology […] a
common name o seman ically ela ed combina ions o wo ds and sen ences, in he p epa a ion o sŽ i is
к-рые, в отличие от сходных с ними по форме синтаксических структур, не производятся в
соответствии с общими закономерностями выбора и комбинации слов при организации выска-
зывания, а воспроизводятся в речи в фиксированном соотношении семантической структуры и
определенного лексико-грамматического состава“ (БЭСЯ 559).
88 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX ph aseology can also be unde s ood as
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
concep s. Cogni i e linguis ics has e ealed and g ounded he idea o concep ual
me apho s, which should be unde s ood in language no as a deco a ion o
language, bu as a e lec ion o he p ocess o hinking, i.e. he essence o he
exp ession o he speake 's language. The e o e, he p oposal o ex end he
concep o ph asology in Li huanian linguis ics is e y well ounded and
well- ounded. And i 's pa icula ly use ul o his o ical dic iona y compile s,
because he e a e a lo o s able wo d combina ions ha didn' come up wi h
ph ases in he de elopmen o he language.
conside ed no only he adi ional concep o ph asology, because i ies o b ing ou all he s able wo d
compounds belonging o he pa ibi o ph asology in he dic iona y and show hei syn ac ic ield. This is
because some ph ases and s able combina ions o wo ds a e no used in he cu en Li huanian language,
o he s a e pa ially used, bu mos o en hey a e ound in oday's joniškio (and no only ha egion's) slang
discou se.
In he adi ional ph aseology, adi ional ph aseologies a e unde s ood as
compounds based on he dis inc i e cha ac e is ics o hei membe s (c . 03).
Some o he basic adi ional ph ases, as s a ed in he Dic iona y o Ph aseology,
a e he names o body pa s: eyes, ea s, head, hand, chin, oo , nose, mou h,
s omach, lungs, hea 21. The lexicon is no excep ion, wi h o e 25 ph ases
consis ing mainly o ph ases wi h he names o pa s o he body, wi h wo ds ha
desc ibe ac i e human ac i i y, such as he names o hings in he en i onmen o
hings ha a e o en used, such as shoulde s, candles, ca ds, bulk, e c. (abou 30).
blaižy i, d ės i, g auž i, kuš ė i i pan. (pe 60). nemažai azeologizmų su a imos
Th ough 20 ph ases o o m he basis o he names o na u al phenomena, e.g.
dawn, summe , win e , hail, e c., h ough 10 […] he basis o he names o domes ic
(wild) animals (bi ds) and he names o hings a ound hem (hill, s ee , zoo, e c.).
he e is a g oup o ph ases wi h he names o clo hes and hei pa s ( h ough 3),
he names o an iqui ies ( h ough 3), he names o men al exp essions ( h ough 5).
I mus be said ha he e a e a numbe o ph ases and wo ds ypical o w i en
li e a u e, such as: eam, hing, end, ime, will, land, message, wo d. The abundance
o such ph ases leads o he idea ha 20 Fo mo e in o ma ion on concep s, see
The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke
wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
21 See also Ž Vii.
azeologijos pa eikimas Ma o slančiausko žodyne
The selec ion o ph ases could also be aced back o he p in ed publica ions o he
ime, i.e. he w i en li e a u e (c . 0.1).
All sŽ ph ases a e gi en a he end o he a icle in alphabe ical o de , e.g.
eye s . : [...]
[…] eye-ca ching ad . When you si on ha bench, you' e going o see all he swea
coming ou o you eyes. S.L.P. 252 eyes s ained in en ly wa ch [...]22 eyes a he
end ad . o calcula e, wi hou aking in o accoun he [...] daily akim ad . [...] day
whe e he eyes see, and he ee ca y ad . bu whe e [...] pe eye ad . seeing, in
he eye, sha ply [...] a e he eye ad . in he eye, in he p esence o [...] a e all
he eyes ad . "I'm no going o lie o you, I'm no going o lie o you, I'm no going o
lie o you, I'm no going o lie o you. : [...]
The de mal band is wa y: When you see he de mal band, you don need o show i wi h you inge .
SLP 131 sŽ ph ases, consis ing o di e en pa s o he language, usually a e b and a
noun, due o he a ie y o he e b has a ian s. I is ue ha hese compounds a e
no aluable om he poin o iew o he cu en language, bu he con ex o he
s o ies ne e heless allows hem o be conside ed an indis inguishable compound […]
ph asology. The e o e, compounds wi h di e en e bs a e p esen ed in he sky ium
as a ian s o ph ases, e.g. he wo d s . : [...]
[…] (in English) o gi e a message o say, o ell: Sodge's wi es ha e ga he ed o lis en, o gi e a message o he
SS o ice and he edi o . The ph aseological compounds, ex ended as sen ences, a e p o ided wi h a ious
dic iona y a icles. Fo example, he skin on he head o he nun […]baus i[…]: She says ha he hea is
embling oo: i he mo he hinks ha she will ake he child, hen he skin on he head o he nuns. I has
al eady been men ioned ha no all adi ional ph asal compounds ha e been included in he Li huanian ph asal
ocabula y. Fo example, he ph aseology o he day's eye […]day[…], he skin o e he head o […]bea […], he
nune i.
whole head o shou […] un, klyk i[…], he hai o be sha ed […]bu i[…], he hai o be ca ied ou […]sp uce, un
away[…], as he s omach knows […]as well as one o he 22 la ge a icles due o he size o he ph aseology is
le an example o abandoned al oge he .
96 ac a
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
In he sp ing o 1975, a man named M. Slaniausko w o e a na a i e o he people (anecdo es, ales,
s o ies). […] No h Li huanian p o e bs and anecdo es, collec ed by Ma as Slančiauskas, p epa ed
by No be as Vėlius, ada seselsky ė. Vilnius, Vaga, 7 and 20. In he sp ing o 1985, he M.S.S.O. and
hei assembled na a i e na a i e. […] No h Li huanian p o e bs and sayings, collec ed by Ma o
Slančiauskas collabo a o s: Jonas T umpulis, P anas Na ydas, Jozapas S one ičius, Jonas
Lideikis, Pilypas G igu is, S eponas S azdas, p epa ed by No be Vėlius. Vilnius, Vaga, 7 and 34.
Vossyly e Klemen ina Bi u ė (Li huanian language compa a i e dic iona y, 1985) was a Li huanian
w i e . The Vilnius:
I 's science.
VPSV […] Explana o y dic iona y o oca ional educa ion and aining, adb. I 's called Valen ine's Day. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed:
The La ian Language Ins i u e, 2007.
Zupe ka Kazimie z Romulda was bo n in Li huania in 1983 and is a Li huanian linguis . Vilnius: The science.
БЭСЯ 1998 – Большой энциклопедический словарь. Языкознание. Москва: Большая
Российская энциклопедия.
I 's called San uMPos ad. […]
he au iškis, he Š enčionių .
O he , o a hickness
he a yž. […] Jonah A ish, his
he ollowing able is
B131 […] Jonah he Ba on.
I 's a dic iona y
c […] Cla is Ge manico […] Li huanian L
Li huanian People's Cong ess, dbk. […]
I 's he dgl. […] plu al, ignalinos . L
manusc ip , ds. […] dus , Za asų .
I 's him. E yškiai,
he gl . […] Gel ons, Shi in si .
Knygos... om he New G d. […]
he g ass. […]
Li huanian dic iona y by A. Yushke ich
bounda y dis ic . We in e p e ed he
in Polish. P . and
I'm no going o lie o you. […]
I 's ime. he m.
I 's no ha . […] he ion.
he ollowing
The K.P.C. The illage o Lazdijų,
o he k s. […] Ka sakis, Pane ėžys dis ic
[…] alan a, Molė ų . k š. […] Alan a, Molė ų . k š. This is he name o he i e . […] who, Šiaulių .
w i ings. he ollowing able is inse ed: The o e o he casks, Ma ijampolės .
added: […] exchanges Labano as, Š enčionių . is loca ed in he municipali y o Labano as, Š enčionių .
Russian-language dialec . Luokė, Telšiai dis ic
o wo ds. Lk . o which: […] Lauku a, in he illage o Šilalė.
(p obably) […] The manusc ip o he
debike, anykščių . exchanges. This is a lis o exchanges in he Czech Republic.
(M c.) […] Li huanian people's
Ma cinkonys, Va ėnos . […] Dus , Za asų . Ma cinkonys, Va ėnos . […] Dus , which is he name o he illage in which i is loca ed.
Pane ėžys dis ic […] no e, he squad on .
Pg. […] Page in os Giesmju
This is he i s ime I' e seen his book. […] hea d, Šilalė . was in e iewed by F. Ku sza į.
g un s, Pas alio . Pn. […] Pane ėžys. […] He was bo n in Pane ėžys.
wi h Pns. Punskas, Poland, he
wo ds in Russian and P . […] Gab iela Pe ke ičai ė-bi ė, he w i ings.
Pi ašiūnai, he illage o Aly aus.
juozas balčikonis, his w i ings and e d. The adish.
[…] illage, Pane ėžys dis ic
he od. […] dis ic , Bela us, Va ena o dis ic
able is inse ed: He's going o buy i . […] ims, igni ion ims
nea he illage o Lazdijų. Simon daukan , his w i ings.

azeologijos pa eikimas Ma o slančiausko žodyne
97s aipsniai / a icles
he ollowing able is inse ed: […]
[…] wo ks o he people, Pa inskd . […]
he ollowing able is
he ollowing pa ag aph is
he ollowing pa ag aph
slm. – salamies is, kupiškio .
sln . – salan ai, k e ingos .
cu ious. […] ubies, om
he species. […] suginčiai,
The Šl. […] Shy
This is i . Ša ės,
Š nč. – Š enčionys.
sil e , ad iliškio . d iV262 (English)
he ail, he bull igh ing . gys, he igni ion .
added: a peasan , a buye o a . gn. […] he bull, he u ensil .
added: […] sec ion o he illage, ju ba ko . k. small owns, Mažeikių .
is added: […] islands, ocky idge. […] wa e , igni ion .
u . – u ena.
už . – už en is, kelmės .
he illage o Za asų, Vb. Vabalninkas, he ule o he s ock exchange.
Molė ų . Vj. I is loca ed in he dis ic o Molė ų. […] Vajasiškis, om he illage o Za asų
people. The V.K. […] The winds, he s ones.
squad on o he Všn. […] Published by anykščių .
Žem. – Žemai ė, jos aš ai.
he ph aseology p esen ing in he dic iona y
o Ma as slančiauskas
suMMa y he a ie y o Li huanian ph aseological wo d combina ions, hei a ian s and
exp ession is no ye ully eco ded. his o ical dic iona ies, dic iona ies o dialec s and
subdialec s cons an ly complemen no only he co e o ph aseology, so-called adi ional
ph aseologisms, bu also a pe iphe y […] s able wo d combina ions ( ozen linguis ic uni s). Such
wo d combina ions e lec he de elopmen and synonymy o ph aseologies as well as sligh ly
di e en ph aseological exp essions in each egion o Li huania, he a ie y o which is no
always ully co e ed in majo dic iona ies.
The a icle deals wi h ph aseological wo d combina ions aken om collec ions o olk
na a i es p epa ed by Ma as Slankiuskas and his assis an s a he end o he 19 h and he
beginning o he 20 h cen u ies.
The e a e mo e han 580 such wo d combina ions in Slankias dic iona y: o e 380 adi ional
ph aseologisms and o e 200 s able wo d combina ions. hey complemen he co e o Li huanian
ph aseology and unco e a wide pe iphe y […] unc ioning o […] o go en[…] s able
combina ions o wo ds.
In adi ional ph aseologies used mo e han 160 yea s ago in he a eas su ounding Joniškis, he
main wo d equen ly names a pa o he body (eye, ea , head, hand), because he main wo ds o
(hand o a m), koja (leg), pil as (s omach), ši dis (hea )). Qui e a ew o hem could ha e been
ph aseologies such as "body," "pa y," "g oup," " hing," "end," " ime," "will," "ea h,"
"message," "wo d" we e mo e common in p in ing and li e a u e. s able wo d combina ions in
slang dic iona y a e ma ked wi h he ma k . ossilized cases o nouns, adjec i es and p onouns
wi h p eposi ions make he basis o s able wo d combina ions. combina ions wi h pa icles,
ad e bs and onoma opoe ic in e jec ions a e usually no ea ed as ph aseologisms. As can be
98
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
judged om he syn ac ic exp ession o he wo d combina ion and he ex , he adi ional
ph ases and s able wo d combina ions o he Slo ak dic iona y can be seen as a e lec ion o
assessed objec s and c i e ia o he end o he 19 h and he beginning o he 20 h cen u ies
ela ed o a pe son's s able beha io and ac i i y.
Deli e ed on 10 Janua y 2013
janina ŠVaMba y ė-VaLuŽienė
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Li huania This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es.
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