154 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX
esMiniai ŽodŽiai: skai a dis, Ziwa o pa a mė, šiau ės žemaičiai k e ingiškiai, linksnia imas,
The end.
Keywo ds: nume al, sub-dialec o he Ziwa as, no h Samogi ian dialec o
k e inga, declension, ending.
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
Lie u os edukologijos uni e si e as
Mokslinių y imų k yp ys: sinch oninė i diach oninė mo olo-
gija, žodžių da yba.
1759 yea
ZiWATO1 numbe is Va dŽi
LinksniaViMas and j[…] aida anno a ion in he a icle is analyzed he bes XVIII cen u y no he n
lowland k e ingiškių pa a mės w i ing monumen […] 1759 m. Ziwa o […] nume ical aida and hei
declension o nume als in he 1759 ZiWa as
and hei de elopmen
aida. The aim o he s udy is o analyze and p esen a synch onous desc ip ion o he
Ziwa o-Pa a ma numbe ing sys em, o compa e he cu en No h-Wes e n lowland K e ingiški2
and he numbe ing pa adigm o he analyzed Pa a ma numbe ing sys em. In e nal econs uc ion
and compa a i e me hods allowed o econs uc he numbe ing sys em o he 15 h cen u y.
The a icle analyzes he declension o nume als in he bes 18 h-cen u y monumen o w i ing o he
no h Samogi ian sub-dialec o K e a, he 1759 Zuwa z, and hei de elopmen . The goal o his
esea ch is o analyze and p o ide a synch onic desc ip ion o he li e o Jesus Ch is , ou Lo d and
Sa io . In scien i ic wo ks i is called simply Ziwa u.
2 in he ollowing ex his ad ice is abb e ia ed as ŠVŽk.
1759 me ų Ziwa o skai a džių linksnia imas i jų aida
155 lines o he nume al o he sub-dialec o he Zuwa an. This is a compa ison o he declension
pa adigms o he s uc u e o he declension sys em o he nume als in he 18 h cen u y
he nume al in con empo a y no hwes samogi ian sub-dialec o k e inga and he sub-
dialec unde analysis. in e nal econs uc ion and compa a i e me hods enabled he econ-
no hwes Samogi ian sub-dialec o K e a.
Acco ding o he esea che s o his o ical mo phology and dialec ology, Ziwa , bo n in 1759, is conside ed
he bes monumen o he 15 h-cen u y no he n lowland K e ingian he i age. A ha ime, he
publica ion con ained a wei onological sys em, a combina ion o g amma and mo phology. The
kiausiai lenkų kalbos ašmenimis4 aiškiai i nuosekliai pa eikiama ŠVŽk pa a mės
phonological and mo phological sys em o he Ziwa o pa a m has been s udied qui e ex ensi ely (see
mo e ex ensi ely gi denis, gi denienė 1997: 1944; see also 3 no es). The sys em o naming o he su name o
his w i en monumen has been consis en ly s udied and desc ibed (see Vaičiakauskai ė, 2002b). The
mo phology o Ziwa o is a chaic, so i s consis en analysis e eals he de elopmen o he mo phology
o he su name o Š žk, o he ends. The compa ison o he pa adigms o he Zewa o su name wi h
he ŠVŽK shows he mix u e o di e en ea u es o he su name unde analysis, he s ones. 3 ha
Ziwa as is w i en in he ad ice o he coas al lowland k e ingas dis ic s, see mo e b oadly gi denis
2000a: 237257; gi denis, gi denienė 1997: 1119; gi denis, ski man 1998: iixi ; I is also impo an o no e ha
he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o
exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y. Vladas G ina eckis (1973:
292, 365 and o he s) used he o ma ion o A ican di e ences in he land bo de s o explain he Ziwa
ex . Zigmas Zinke ičius, speaking abou he g adual acquisi ion o landma ks in he 15 h-cen u y
Li huanian w i ing language, a ibu ed Ziwa o he ex s w i en in he landma ks and he mos
impo an ea u es o he phonology and mo phology o his w i ing monumen (1966: 217[…]218 and ci ed k . ; 1980:
196 and so on. He was in e es ed in he peculia i ies o he Book o Lamen a ions by Gied ius subačius
(1998:38, 4458) and iden i ied he mos di icul and easies lamen s o be no iced by he lowe classes,
emphasizing a ha ime he inno a ions o Ziwa o's w i ing. Jonah Palionis (1979: 114-115; 1995: 122) in
analyzing he language o he 15 h-cen u y eligious w i ings emphasized ha he Ziwa e had a s ong
endency o enounce ce ain coas al lowland dialec s and o aise he language. he au ho indica ed he
mos commonly used adjec i es in he ex , he use o which was la gely de e mined by he adi ion o
w i ing adjec i e ex s a ha ime. 4 The g aphics and w i ing o Ziwa o ha e been w i en abou
se e al imes (see mo e widely gi denis 2000a: 233257; 2000b: 183190; 2001: 292326; gi denis, gi denienė 1997: 1144;
gi denis, ski man 1998: iixi ; Vaičiakausky ė 2001: 119133; 2002a: 223236; 2002b: 47), so i is no epea ed in his
a icle. 5 al eady kazimie as būga (1958: 561578) analyzing he phone ic changes o owels in Li huanian
dialec s o en elied on Ziwa e ixed o ms. Albe Rosinas (1995: 25 e al.) used he pa iciple o ms o he
Ziwa e palind omes in he econs uc ion o he pa adigm o he modi ica ion o he names o he Whi e
languages.
6 See also he sys em and de elopmen o Ziwa o objec wo ds. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce
on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Vaičiakauskienė 2005; 2013; abou he name change and he le e Vaičiakauskienė 2004a; 2004b.
156 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX The aim o his s udy is o analyze and p esen
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
a synch onous desc ip ion o he p onuncia ion o he Ziwa o consonan ,
compa ing he SVC and he p onuncia ion pa adigm o he consonan being
analyzed. he a icle del es in o he de elopmen o he change o he su name,
discusses he o igin o he endings, ies o explain he easons and mo i es o
he change. In e nal econs uc ion and compa a i e me hods allowed o
econs uc he numbe ing sys em o he 15 h cen u y.
In he Ziwa o ex , he quan i a i e main and quin i ious nume als a e used. ound
sakinių su dauginiais skai a džiais, aip pa po sakinį su kuopiniu skai a džiu i
in agmen s. Fi s , he pa adigms o quan um nume al dis o ion will be discussed,
ollowed by he pa adigms o quan um nume al dis o ion. This o de o nume als is
also commonly used in g amma s (e.g. dLkg 239[…]244).
In he ex unde conside a ion, he mos commonly used nume ical nouns a e he
basic nume ical nouns, which di e li le om he o ms used in he K e ingian
dic iona y. We' e going o alk abou hem i s .
The basic nume als o he ex in ques ion a e Wynds 3123, Wynds 4011, Wynds 1322.
Men al nume als can also pe o m su name unc ions (see Lkg 693); This is also
con i med by he use o nume ical wo ds in he ex unde analysis, e.g. In he wo ds
o Tada Wyiny, who is a black-hai ed man, no a Zokan use bo n in 1798. Bo h he
Ziwa e and he cu en K e ingian e minology coincide wi h he pa adigms o he o
( . ā) kamien's adjec i es (see mo e de ailed Vaičiakausky ė 2002b: 6975; see also
aleksand a ičius 1967: 237), so he a icle discusses only hose linguis ic pa adigms
ha a e ele an o he de elopmen o dialec wo ds. The a o emen ioned
nume ical singula i y pa adigm is e y well main ained in Ziwa o's ad ice.
One-sided plu al
V. wyn s 4011, wync 10911, wyinas 3123 ~ ện( )s V. wyiny 4827 ~ in k.
wyina 1420 ~ ệina k. n. wyinam 20026 ~ ẹinm n. g. wyina 7010 ~ ệina g.
wyinus 12121 ~ ệinùs Įn. I'm going o he 8620 company. –
V . wyinamy 3198 ~ inàm V . Sh.
[…] This. –
1759 me ų Ziwa o skai a džių linksnia imas i jų aida
157 a icles by a icles
Uni y
V. wyina 1322 ~ inà k. wyinos
2422 ~ inũos n. wyina 944 ~
in·7 ẹin· g. wyina 1141 ~
ệina Įn. This is he i s
ime ha he name o he ci y has been used. I'm going o 561
V . wyino 595, wyinoy 6611, wyinoj 698 ~ inũo
Sh. wyina 17714 ~ inà This is a lis o he municipali ies o he p o ince o No h Rhine-Wes phalia.
1. The endings o a singula noun a e -as, -a, e.g. I lo e you, Lo d Jesus Ch is , I lo e you,
Lo d Jesus Ch is , I lo e you, I lo e you, because now I don' ha e he cou age o do i . in
he compa a i e ad ice, in he end o he su name o he male amily o he same sex
inà ~ ienà). The o m o he high- anking male clan's eponym wi h he su ix -as
y a išk i ęs balsis a, odėl u ima o ma su -s, o mo e iškosios – -a ( ệns ~ ienas,
p e ails in Ziwa e. In he ex unde analysis, he o m wi h he ea hly powe has been
changed only h ee imes, e.g. [...] when he Mo he o God, because she is no he only
one who has been bo n in 2027 […]28; Giwena yn kieles dyinas, anyi waykiele […]zwę y
Jezu[…]as y Jonas łoskaway an wyn s an a weyziedamy, y źie a źamy 409[…]11; [...]
you do no ha e a no e, mu[…]po wy wy wyc wyus umy y uź […]a […]moge a, ne u ie um
wy […] 109 […]11[…]12. The las owel o he noun o m o he masculine su name in
ques ion was d opped when he oo was s ill […], i.e. * […]nas, so he au hen ic owel
sounds a e wyns, wync and wyn s.
2. he end o he singula o m o bo h masculine and eminine nouns is -a, e.g. And he
eyes o he blind shall see no e il, and he eyes o he dea shall see no e il, and he
eyes o he blind shall see no e il, and he eyes o he blind shall see no e il. In he
compa a i e opinion, he o m o he single-membe cons i uency has also been
educed o -a
( om *-añ8.
3. The end o a single-speake playe -u = [u]9, e.g. I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm
going o kill you. In he compa a i e adage, he end o he o m o he one-a med knigh is he one ha Ziwa
( ệin ~ íenu, íena) ixes. No e ha in he ex unde analysis, he eminine o m o he genus is used wi h a
monoph hong ( o mo e in o ma ion on such o ms, see Vaičiakausky ė 2002: 17). 8 Fo mo e in o ma ion on
he o igin o his limb, see The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. In
his a icle, we a e going o look a he ansli e a ion o he wo d "Ziwa u" and he phone ic endings o
he ansli e a ed wo ds ha do no ma ch he spelling o he ex .
The ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX o ms he lexion -a, and he o m o he ins iga o […]
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
-o. This is because he long unci cumcised ci cula ends in he no he n lowland dialec
we e sho e han he acu e ends (plg. 158denis 2001: 174; see also Vaiakačiusky ė 2002b: 37).
4. The masculine o m o he eminine su name is -amy = [amẹ], and he eminine o m is o,
-oy and -oj, e.g. In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance uled ha
he Cou o Fi s Ins ance did no ha e ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains he
judgmen o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance. I is wo h no ing ha he g aphic a ian s o
he eminine su name in he ex coincide wi h he o ms o he noun, i.e. he de i a i es
o bo h su names (see he examples o he eminine su name gi en). The plu al o m o he
plu al noun is masculine and he plu al o m is masculine -y = [ẹ], e.g. In he wo ds o Tada
Wyiny, who is a black-hai ed man, no a Zokan use bo n in 1798. In he Ziwa o ex , he plu al
buwa Lyceme niku 697–9.
noun o m o he masculine gende ( emale is no ouched) coincides wi h he plu al o m
o he masculine noun used in he ŠVŽk adjec i e ( in ~ ienì). The end o hese su names is
o su name o igin10. 6. he plu al o m o he masculine gende o he gallan ( he eminine
is no ouched) has he gallan -us, e.g. : Kełes Enoks y Eliośius P a akay, who is a membe
o he wie oy pa wy ins, kiy us y wie a aabliway żidus we s 3091719. The p esen -day
K e ingians ( ệinùs ~ íenus) also ha e he plu al -us in he o m o a galun. The numbe o
wo ds in he spoken language is bo owed om he s one. 2. In addi ion o he
abb e ia ions discussed, he abb e ia ions du 394, dwy 33122 pa adigms a e also well
p ese ed. Only he depu y and he she i 's uni o ms we e missing.
(See also pa adigm).
V. wo 394 ~ d V. wo 3312 ~ d k. dwyju 427 ~
djũ· k. dwyiu 1062 ~ djũ· n. 266 dum10 ~ dm n.
dwym 615 ~ dm g. du 31 ~ dg. dwy ~ 208 in o
he 2097 ~ dm o he company. 205 dwym16 ~
wo m
No h […]
No h […] No h […]
10 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he o igin and de elopmen o his limb, see Alexand o ich 1967: 222; see
also p. Zinkiewicz (1966), 271, also known as: No. 22; 309 o 310.
11 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he o igin and de elopmen o his limb, see This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.

1759 me ų Ziwa o skai a džių linksnia imas i jų aida
159s aipsniai / a icles
1. The las name and he las name o he holde a e -u = [ọ], -y = [ẹ], e.g. In he p o ince o
5712-13, he Lo d Jesus Ch is , who is called he Son o God, was bo n in he illage o Agios
Nikolaos, in he p o ince o Agios Nikolaos, in he p o ince o Agios Nikolaos, in he p o ince o Agios Nikolaos, in he p o ince o Agios Nikolaos, in he p o ince o Agios Nikolaos.
y y pækiy 33121–22.
k e ingiškių plo e a ojamos okios pa o mos, kokias iksuoja Ziwa as (d ~
dù, d  ~ d ì). Vy iškosios giminės skai a džio a dininko i galininko galūnė -ọ
su umpėjo ( u bū dėl p oklizės) iš *-ṓ , o mo e iškosios giminės -ẹ – iš *- 12.
2. he jawbone, o example. Aynoius p ac ised and wi nessed Jesus, wo
days be o e his execu ion in 1744.
In he compa a i e ad ice, he o m o he adjec i e coincides wi h he one used
in he ex unde analysis (d jũ· ~ d ij). I 's ue ha in some o he ad ice poin s (k e ingà,
bud iaĩ) galūnėje išlaiky as seno inis -n a ba -m: d jũn13 (plg. aleksand a ičius
1967: 238).
3. he o ms o bene icia y and bene icia y a e used wi h he in lec ions -um = [um],
-ym = [em], e.g. He said: "I am e y happy o be he e oday, and I am e y happy o be
he e oday, and I am e y happy o be he e oday". Dyinu o dwym py meney, dieł
p yyga awoima an weeles 614 [...]6, pawzdamy jem an Gałwos Szwę, hose u dwym
ka ym [...]15 20516. In he ad ice o he c i ics, he o ms o he bene icia y and he
bene icia y do no di e om he paludi e Ziwa e (d[…]m ~ dùm, d […]m ~ d ìm). The
use o eminine su names di e s om ha o he i s bo n only in he p e ix and
he associa ed wi hd awal c oss (see pa adigm; see also Vaičiakausky ė 2002b: 39;
aleksand a ičius: 1963: 105). Today's language lis s dum, d im is a lowland dialec ,
composed o a single-syllable noun and he su ix -m, i.e. dọ + -m, d ẹ + -m
(aleksand a ičius: 1967; gi denis 1962: 215; kazlauskas 1968: 128). The 3 d dimensional
pa adigm is also incomple e: Zewa e did no ind he o ms o he depu y and shogun
o his numbe .
V. T is 501 ~ ĩ·s n.
k. yju 1422 ~ jũ·
ims 15626 ~ ms g.
T is 2014 ~ ìs This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h T ims.
Įn. ymis 11514 ~ mìs
V . –
This is i .
12 also because o gende and wo o igins see Zinke ičius 1981: 57 […] 58. He is a membe o he
Eu opean Pa liamen . 13 E en ually, e en in he days o Ziwa o, he c ossed ail o a wa lo d's mule
was said o ha e a nasal sound (see mo e widely Vaičiakausky ė 2002b: 18); See also Aleksand a ičius 1963: 102.
160 ac a
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
Linguis ica Li huanica LXX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
1. The end o a noun is -is, e.g. Weyziek […]ion źmagaw, h ee days 501. The o m o he
noun in ques ion ends in -ĩ·s ( ĩ·s ~ s). The lexion o he noun o he spoken nume al
is in oduced om i kamien (b oade see Vaičiakausky ė 2002b: 5152; see also būga 1958:
566). 2. he ip o he ip o he ip o he ip o he ip o he ip o he ip o he ip o
he ip I'm no going o le you ge away wi h his. I'm no going o le you ge away
wi h his.
In he a ea o K e ingiški, he o m o he oo o his nume al coincides wi h he
o m Ziwa o ( jũ· ~ ij). In some o he Puk s o Pa a mė (as well as o he
su names) he Kilmininke has emained -n o -m: jũn (plg. aleksand a ičius 1967: 238). 3.
he limbs o he bene icia y, he bene icia y and he bene icia y ha e aken o e he
o m o a s one: -ims, -is and -mis, o example: [...] po am in he beginning […]u didziu
[…]mu ku ims Moki ynems kalbie y [...] 15626[…]27; Apey ha which Jesus lo ed he
mos in he ime o Dwilek, y […]p o ojosl deje is de[…]im is 511[…]2; Hey, hey, hey,
Wach, whe e did you ge he Bażni[…]iy Dewa, and he h ee dyinom ię pabudawoj 22918[…]20.
The leng hs o he use and he end use o he SVK a ea coincide wi h he o ms o he
ex being analyzed ( ms ~ ìms, ìs ~ ìs, mìs ~ imìs14). T ue, he sho ened
o ms o he ins iga o a e also common in oday's c azy ad ice. In he case o he 4 h and
9 h digi s, he pa adigms a e also incomple e: V. śieśy […] šèš V. kie u es 3722 […] k[…]. ọ es k.
piækiu 1028 […] p[…]ũ· k. kie u iu 20827 […]2091 […] kè uũ· n. […] n. […] g. kie u is 3038, kie u ius 556
[…] k[…] 193.
No h […]
No h […] No h […]
1. The masculine o m o he su name is -y = [ẹ], -i, and he eminine o m is
galūnė -es, e.g. The ollowing is an exce p om he book The Bible - God's Wo d
o Man's Wo d? published by Jeho ah's Wi nesses, in The Bible - God's Wo d o
Man's Wo d? published by Jeho ah's Wi nesses, in The Bible - Man's Wo d o Man's Wo d? published by Jeho ah's Wi nesses, in The Bible - God's Wo d o Man's Wo d
The oice o he end o he su name o he su name o he su name o he
(šèš ~ šešì, šẽ·šẹs ~ šẽšios). a k eip inas dėmesys, kad skai a džio aʃz uni 3191
su name o he su name o he su name o he su name o he su name o he
su name o he su name o he su name o he su name o he su name o he
su name o he su name o he su name This is mos likely he esul o a andom
co ec ion e o o spo adic o e hea ing. The end o he second syllable is -u, e.g.
"Jesus lo es Pila e, and no one ca es abou him, and he's going o die". The
de i a i e o he K e ingian nume als coincides wi h he s essed o m in he ex unde analysis (šèũ, ~ šeši).
14 The o m o a us ee in he no he n lowlands may also be a […]ms (see gi denis 1996: 25).
1759 me ų Ziwa o skai a džių linksnia imas i jų aida
161 a icles by a icle
3. end-shaped limbs: -is, -us and -es, o example. In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he
Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he
Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he
Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he
Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, he
Uni ed Kingdom. In he case o he k e ingians (šèšìs ~ six, šèšs ~ six), he masculine
su names ha e a s one end, which, acco ding o Zigmas Zinke ičius (1981: 59), es i ies
o he oo p in o he ancien s one. In he no he n e i o ies, he plu al o m o
he plu al is now eplaced by he plu al o m o he plu al (gi denis 1996: 51, 56). In he
case o he c a e ed a eas, such o ms a e e en mo e common. This lexion was
aken o e by nouns, o cou se, om he adjec i e pa adigm (pl. zalius, beau i ul). This
is he o m o he galley once used in he ex unde analysis (see he second example
gi en). 4. The o m o he con ac o shall ha e he ollowing limi s: -eys, -es = [e·s],
-om, o example. And now, behold, I ha e ound a woman, and she is a widow, and she is a
widow, and she is a widow, and she is a widow, and she is a widow, and she is a widow, and
she is a widow, and she is a widow, and she is a widow. The seals […]paabays 32224. In he
ad ice o ŠVŽK, he o m o he ins iga o is (šèšẽ·s ~ šešiaĩs, šèũoms ~ šešiom(ì)s).
The o m used o he i s name Ziwa e is he o m o he male su name's nume als
wi h he masculine consonan galūne -es and he masculine o m (see he examples
gi en; see Vaičiakausky ė 2002b: 17 o de ails). The eminine o m o eminine nouns (as
well as adjec i es and ad e bs) in Ziwa e is commonly used be o e sho ening (see
Vaičiakausky ėb 2002: 44, 74 o de ails).
The plu al o m o he wo d "Ziwa e" is "Ziwa e," and he plu al o m is "Ziwa e,"
"Ziwa e," and "Ziwa e." The o m o monas icism occu ed only once. This is a
jamas kaip i kamieno daik a a džiai (plg. Vaičiakausky ė 2002a: 223–236; da ž .
e e ence o he numbe 5062, so i is no epea ed in his a icle. Only hose hings
ha a e ele an o he de elopmen o he spoken nume al a e men ioned. The
pa adigm o his numbe looks like his:
V. decim is 2251 ~ decim is k. deim iu 9516, deśim u 515
~ dèšimũ· dèšim ũ·n15 n. […] g. deśim i 1337, decim is
3722 ~ dèšm i, dèšm ìs Įn. decim imis 1264 ~
dèšim mìs
See also
[…] Š. […]
15 In some spelling poin s (as well as o he su names) he su ix has emained -n o -m (see
Alexand učius 1967: 238; see also 13 omnašą).
162 ac a
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
Linguis ica Li huanica LXX
1. In he K e ingian a ea, he plu al o m o he name Kilmink (as well as o he names)
wi h he su ix -u (dèšimũ ~ dešimči) is used. The o m o he owel in he ex unde
conside a ion is deśim u 515, i.e. he oice o he gallows goes unde a ha d p o usion,
indica ing ha his numbe is a o me p o usion s one (see also Vaičiakausky ė
2002b: 57). The numbe s 1 h ough 9 wi h he numbe deismis 2251 can be w i en as one
wo d, bu a e usually w i en as sepa a e o ms, e.g. is deismis 2916 and is
deismis 1336. Ve bs in speech (e.g. gi denis 1962: 215) pe o m he same unc ion as
labels, so hei phonemic composi ion, especially he end o he wo d, is simpli ied. Bu
his simpli ica ion in he K e ing ad ice p obably ook place a e he mid- i een h
cen u y.
3. In he compa a i e ad ice, he o m o he ini ia o a ies […] may ha e lexions:
-ems and -emis (dèšim m(ì)s16~ dešim im(ì)s), because he no he n lowlands ha e he
bes p ese ed ull plu ali y o he gende o he innkeepe , and his is especially ue
o i kamienius daik a a džius (Zinke ičius 1966 23:3; see also Vaičiakausky ė 2002b: 59).
The o m o he Ziwa e nume al en o he mul i-digi nume a o is no used in he
abb e ia ion. 6. he numbe s om 11 o 19 in he pa adigm o he ex being analyzed
a e incomple e […] did no occu in he o ms o he depu y and he shoo e . These
nume als a e compound wo ds. he i s pa consis s o a ce ain o m o nume als
and he second pa consis s o he elemen […] -leka17. old w i ings indica e ha he
co esponding adul consonan s o he i een h and se en een h cen u ies we e
s ill compounds o wo ds, bu he plu al consonan s o he i een h and se en een h cen u ies al eady had he mos mode n o ms (Zinke ičius 1981: 60). Ziwa does no eco d such o ms.
V. dwileka 8110 ~ dwileka k.
dwilekas 15214 ~ dwilekas n.
dwilekay 4616 ~ dwileka g.
dwileka 15214 ~ dwileka 15214 ~ dwileka is he name o he illage in which he was bo n.
Įn. dwileku 1434 ~ d ·lek
See also
[…] Š. […]
1. The noun and e b o ms o he nouns in ques ion end in -a, e.g. I lo e he Lo d
Jesus, ha ing a he ime o he wiligh , in he nigh o he wiligh o he wiligh
o he wiligh o he wiligh o he wiligh o he wiligh o he wiligh o he
wiligh o he wiligh o he wiligh o he wiligh .
16 The second sho owel a he end o a wo d o en has a middle owel in place o he expec ed
con inuous consonan (Gi den 1996: 25).
17 on he o igin o his p oduc , see Zinke ičius 1981: 61[…]63. He is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen .
1759 me ų Ziwa o skai a džių linksnia imas i jų aida
In his a icle, "The Mo phology and Making o Wo ds in he Tu kic Language" (1962),
Gi dens w o e: Alex's oice was so loud in he backg ound. Vilnius: Science and
encyclopedia publishing house. The wo k o Kalbo y os 1. Vilnius: Science and
encyclopedia publishing house. The wo k o Kalbo y os 2. Vilnius: Science and
encyclopedia publishing house. Alex's 2001: The wo ks o Kalbo y os 3. Vilnius: Science
and encyclopedia publishing house. Gu djie , he Gu djie Index, was published in
1997 and has been in ci cula ion since 1799. The Vilnius:
Scien i ic and encyclopedic publishing house.
Alexande he G ea and Pe e he G ea in he Yea o Ou Lo d 1759 ( acsimile elease).
Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia publishing house. G igo ye ich Vlad, The His o y o he
Low Coun ies (1973) Vilnius: The Min . Kazan zakis (1968): His o ical g amma o he
Li huanian language. Vilnius: The Min . Lkg […] G amma o he Li huanian language 1.
Phone ics and mo phology, edi ed by Kazys Ul ydas. The Vilnius:
The Min , 1965.
Palinis Jonas (1979): His o y o he Li huanian li e a y language. Vilnius: The science.
John Paul II: The His o y o he Li huanian W i e Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia
publishing house.
Paulauskienė Aldona 1994: Mo phology o he Li huanian language. Readings o Li huanians. The Vilnius:
Scien i ic and encyclopedic publishing house.
ROSINAS ALBERT: The names o he Bal ic languages: a de elopmen o
mo phology. Vilnius: The Uni e si y o Vilnius.
Subbačius gied ius 1998: The ideas o he common language o he Zemli es: he
beginning o he 19 h cen u y. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia publishing house.
The "Voyage" Sona a is a sona a w i en in he la e 17 h cen u y by Zhi ago,
composed in he o m o "Oi, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io, io." This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The Vaccini Sona a is a sona a composed in 1759 by Vaccini and composed in he
s yle o he Vaccini sona a. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The Sona a o S inged Ins umen s is a sona a composed in 1759 by Z yagin se .
he doc o al hesis. Vilnius Pedagogical Uni e si y is loca ed in Vilnius. The
Viennese Sona a, No. 2, is a sona a composed in 1759 by Viennese compose Viennese. –
Spoken by 53, 8191.
The Viennese Sona a, No. 2, is a sona a w i en in he la e 17 h cen u y by
Viennese compose Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese Viennese. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
"I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o be able o do i ". […]
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 53, 91[…]99. This is he i s ime ha he Ac has been amended.

170
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXX
The Viennese Woman's Sona a, w i en in 1759 by Z yagin se , is he i s sona a o he so-called
"Women's Sona a." […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 68, 51[…]70. This is he i s ime ha he Ac has
been amended. Zinkiewicz-Zigmas (1966), Li huanian dialec ologis and w i e . Vilnius: The Min . The
Zinke ičius Zigmas 1980: Lie u ių kalbos is o inė g ama ika 1. Vilnius: Mokslas.
Zinke ičius Zigmas 1981: Lie u ių kalbos is o inė g ama ika 2. Vilnius: Mokslas.
declension o nume als in he 1759 ZiWa as
and hei de elopmen
a icle analyzes he declension o nume als in he bes 18 h cen u y monumen o w i ing o he
no h Samogi ian sub-dialec o K e inga, he 1759 Ziwa as, and hei de elopmen . The goal o he
s udy is o analyze and p o ide a synch onous desc ip ion o he declension o he he pape
ocuses on he de elopmen o he nominal; I discusses he o igin o endings and ies o explain
nume al o he sub-dialec o he Ziwa as; o compa e he declension pa adigms o he nu-
me al in con empo a y no hwes samogi ian sub-dialec o k e inga and he sub-dialec
he easons and mo i es o change. In e nal econs uc ion and compa a i e me hods enabled he
econs uc ion o he declension sys em o he nume als o he 18 h cen u y No h Samogi ian
sub-dialec o K e a. The analysis o nume als in he sub-dialec o he Ziwa as and hei
compa ison wi h he con empo a y No h Samogi ian sub-dialec o K e inga e ealed ha in he
mid-18 h cen u y he sub-dialec o K e inga s ill ea u ed an unab idged o m o he nume al
"Deshim." The e o e, he o ms o ens a e uni e sally used un-sho ened. Wha 's mo e, he plu al
geni i e o m o he nume al, deisim u (515), nex o deim u (956) shows ha he nume al used o
ha e a consonan al s em.
The s udy o nume als in he sub-dialec unde analysis shows ha he owel o he second
componen -lekin compound nume als was s ill no na owed. he analysis o he Ziwa as
alida es he idea ha -lekis is a mo e a chaic a ian . con empo a y no h samogi ian
subdialec o k e inga uses he o ms wi h -lekand -lẹkop ionally; Mo e common o ms a e
hose wi h a na owed owel o he ending. The housand had al eady shi ed om he old i
he s udy leads o he conclusion ha in he sub-dialec o he Ziwa as he nume al ūks an is
s em o he e s em.
Deli e ed on 16 Ap il 2014
sona a Vaičiakauskienė
Lie u os edukologijos uni e si e as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
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