355 e iews and e iews
jonas PaLionis
Vilniaus uni e si e as
Resea ch a eas: his o y o Li huanian w i en language, cul u e o
he common language, publica ion and s udy o old Li huanian w i ings,
onomas ics.
he e alua ion o he
The s udy
book o lexicon
Vilnius: Published by he Uni e si y o Vilnius, 2009, p. 352
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The book by Vilnius Uni e si y p o esso E aldas Jaki ienė, published a ew yea s ago,
seems o ha e ecei ed li le app ecia ion un il now, al hough i is one o he mos
signi ican Li huanian wo ks o he la e wen ie h cen u y. i s p ologue s a es ha i
is a s udy guide o Li huanian s uden s, in which […]an a emp is made o se ou he
mos impo an heo e ical p oblems o lexicology[…] (p. 5). Howe e , his book, w i en
by an ou s anding Li huanian lexicog aphe , especially a esea che o lexical
seman ics, a exceeds he equi emen s o philology s uden s and is cha ac e ized
by scien i ic ma u i y. The book is di ided in o nine majo o mino sec ions: (1) The
objec i es and uses o lexicology [...], (2) The meaning o wo ds in lexicology, (3) The
seman ics o lexicology [...], (4) The ma hema ics o lexicology [...], (5) The social aspec s
o lexicog aphy [...], (6) The wo k o lexicology and lexicog aphy, (7) The onomas ics o
lexicog aphy and ph asing [...]. Only he ini ial pa s o he chap e names p in ed in
capi al le e s in bold ype a e gi en he e, o which Li huanian in e na ional
e minology explana ions a e added s a ing wi h he hi d i le ( he ull names will be
indica ed he e when alking abou indi idual chap e s). A he end o all chap e s and
some sec ions, he e is a la ge o smalle lis o asks and e y de ailed (e en wi h he
pages indica ed) lis s o he ele an main li e a u e. A he end o he book he e is
also a collec ion o "signi ican lexicological ques ions" di ided in o chap e s (a o al o
60 ques ions (pages 335-337). I is ollowed by a ai ly ex ensi e lis o li e a u e (p.
338-341), a egis e o abb e ia ions (p. 344-346) and a subjec lis (p. 347-35). The i s
chap e (p. 79) explains he concep o lexicology and dis inguishes in a ious aspec s
he b anches o he science o his language in linguis ics: gene al, special and ela ed
lexicology, semasiology, lexical p agma ics, socio-
356 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI lexicology, e ymology, wo d wo k and onomas ics.
jonas PaLionis
These a e accompanied by ph asology and lexicog aphy, he o me o which is
some imes ended o be conside ed a sepa a e b anch o linguis ics (c . k Z 66), and he
la e is a heo y o applied lexicology and many o he names o he b anches o
lexicology summa ized he e a e de i ed om adi ional linguis ics. Howe e , lexical
p ak ika (plg. jakai ienė 2005: 9).
p agma ics, sociolexicology is al eady a wo k o science o he language o he new
epoch. Wi hou going in o a b oade discussion o summa ized b anches (which a e also
b ie ly desc ibed in his chap e ), one would like o ques ion only he de ini ion o he
objec o e ymology: […][...] i s objec […] only hose wo ds whose o igin is synch onously
unclea […] (p. 9). Tha de ini ion, i seems o me, is oo na ow. Why is i limi ed o wo ds
o synch onously unclea o igin? Wha kind o science s udies wo ds o synch onously
dis inc o igin? I is he e o e mo e accu a e o de ine i as a "b anch o linguis ics
ha s udies he o igin o wo ds and hei ela ionship o kinship wi h o he wo ds in
he same o o he languages" (p. 60). The second chap e (p. 11-37) deals wi h he meaning
o he wo d in a a ie y o ways and in an o iginal way. Th ee ypes o i s concep a e
dis inguished he e: on ological, scien i ic and linguis ic. The e m on ina ( om G eek on,
klm. oγīos ‘pe haps) is he i s o he Li huanian speake s o use he wo d o mean
belonging. So pe haps his concep should be explained in he book, and he e's a lo o
space: i 's w i en abou he wo d as a complex social phenomenon ha has a
cha ac e is ic na u e, a speci ici y, abou i s unc ions, he ypes o unc ional wo ds.
he mos impo an unc ion o he wo d is conside ed o be ep esen a i e (p. 15). Bu
ha 's ques ionable. I seems o me ha he mos impo an unc ion o a wo d as a
basic linguis ic means o exp ession is no o " ep esen some hing", bu o
communica e wi h each o he , i.e. o communica e, o communica e. O cou se, in
ea ing he main unc ion o a wo d in his way, he p esence o a ep esen a i e
unc ion is undeniable (a wo d, like o he uni s o he language sys em, ep esen s a
pe son in ol ed in he speech p ocess). In gene al, he desc ip ion o he
ep esen a i e unc ion in bo h he language sys em and he ac i i y o speech is
complex. he asse ion ha […]in he linguis ic sys em, a wo d acqui es he s a us o a
sign o he i s ime [...][…] (p. 19) and […]when used in a pa icula speech ac i i y, i
pe o ms he ep esen a i e unc ion o a sign o he second ime[…] (p. 20) may be
unclea o he eade , especially o he s uden , and is no clea ly s a ed in he
ollowing pages (p. 26 […] 27). he e is no doub abou he o he unc ions o he wo d,
which a e di ided in o gene al and speci ic and shown wi h examples in he able. I can
only be added ha in he wo ks o some linguis s he e is a dis inc ion be ween he
imp essionis ( o example, in mili a y commands: lygiuo !, s ep ma ch!) and he a is
unc ion ( o example, he elephone wo d alio!) (plg. bańcze owski, Pogonowski, zgółka
1982: 36[…]37). Bu hese a e sub le ies ha a e no necessa y in he s uden lexicology
manual. An in e es ing and ques ionable sen ence is he i le o he sub i le o he
second sec ion […]a The wo d […] is a good e minology?[…] (p. 28). In ac , as he au ho
poin s ou , he did no use a s ic ly scien i ic e m in he spoken language, bu in
e alda jakai ienė. Leksikologija
357 e iews e iews he e a e many di e en de ini ions o he wo d. The
amous F ench linguis An oine Mejie (an oine Meille ) is said o ha e said ha he
wo d om he p inciple is inde inable: […]le mo es en p incipe indé inissable[…]
(ci ed by do oszewski 1954): I seems o me ha he mos a ge ed would be a
wo d as a uni o language sys em, called he lexeme o speech, he co esponding
(plg. analogiškus e minus onema, mo ema, sin aksema), o šnekos, a ba
uni o a wo d. he e m onoma ema p o ided in he book could only be accep ed in
one de ined meaning […] […]g oup o lexemes ha ing he same phone ic meaning[…]
(p. 29).
linguis ic li e a u e he had a di e en opinion han he au ho and because o he
app op ia eness o he sociological e m "speaking in Li huanian equi alen s",
"speaking ac i i y". I seems o me ha a mo e app op ia e, mo e con enien
subs i u e is he monosyllabic equi alen used by many linguis s o o he peoples, šneka
(a simple olk language wo d ansla ed by he e m)1. In addi ion o b e i y, his
equi alen is e en mo e app op ia e because i can be used no only in he sense o
"speaking" o "speech ac i i y", bu also in he sense o " he idiolec o he whole o
he indi idual's accumula ed means o language exp ession" (John, Pe e o Ones' snake).
Speaking, he ac i i y o speaking, e e s only o he p ocess o language consump ion.
By he way, he e mina ed wo d compound "speech ac s" is used in he ou h chap e below and by he au ho he sel (p. 143 […] 146).
In he hi d and la ges chap e , Leksinė seMan ika, o Wha and When Wo ds Really A e (p. 38 […]
142) he mos impo an seman ic p oblems o he wo d a e conside ed. F om he ou se , i
p o ides knowledge o he his o y o lexical seman ics, and in subsequen sec ions, i desc ibes
he concep s, s uc u e, homonyms, and sys ema ic ela ionships o lexical meanings o wo ds
and hei meanings. Many o hese p oblems we e add essed as ea ly as 1980 in he au ho 's
manual Li huanian Language Lexicology and especially in he 1988 published monog aph Leksinė
seman ika. Howe e , in he e iewed book, hey ha e been newly e ised, c i ically e alua ed and
supplemen ed by da a om s udies o Li huanian and non-Li huanian linguis s in la e decades.
Since he au ho 's his o y o lexical seman ics was w i en in a monog aph in 1988, mo e space is
de o ed in he e iewed book only o he e iew and cha ac e is ics o he mo e p ominen
seman ic di ec ions and hei ep esen a i es. Bu he concep s o meaning, and especially he
classi ica ion o meaning, a e also he ocus o bo h au ho s' books. In addi ion, i is pa icula ly
impo an ha he book unde e iew con ains a numbe o lexical seman ic p oblems ha a e
ea ed di e en ly and in a new way. One o hem is he non-exis en concep o he meaning o
he wo d. In he lexical seman ics, as well as in he e iewed book, wo la ge ypes o his
concep a e dis inguished: cogni i e and s uc u al, which a e s ill classi ied in o ce ain 1
besides he English speech, he Ge man Rede, he F ench pa ole, he Polish, he Russian
co espondences, i is possible o add he Czech speech […]eč o mluk, Se bian and C oa ian
speech.
358 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI po ūšius. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he
jonas PaLionis
Li huanian language ha he wo d "po ūšius" has been used. Howe e , in lexical
seman ics he e a e mo e cogni i e and s uc u al classi ica ions o pai s, and some
pai s (pai s, designa i e and conno a i e meaning) a e desc ibed in mo e de ail he e. On
he o he hand, some o he concep s and e ms desc ibed in he Seman ic Lexicon (i.e.
non-signi ican adjec i es) ha e been abandoned in he Lexicon.
de i acinės e ės, designa inės e ės, pa adigminės e ės, kaip am ik ų s uk ū i-
Wi hou going in o mo e de ailed compa isons o he con en s o he wo au ho s'
books, i mus be said ha he p oblem o lexical seman ics in lexicology has been
g ea ly expanded. The chap e s o he hi d chap e deal in mo e de ail wi h he
seman ic s uc u e o he plu al wo d (p. 86-100), he homonymy (p. 101-112) and in
pa icula wi h he sys ema ic ela ionships be ween wo ds and hei meanings (p.
113-142). In he absence o se ious c i ical ema ks on his chap e , I would jus like o
men ion one o he ques ionable o mula ion o con en ious subjec (which a e
p esen ed he e in he o de o he pages).
On page 66, when w i ing abou syn ac ic alency, o connec ion, and commen ing on
he cases o e bs belonging and being connec ed (Name belongs o a neighbo […]
Vic o y depends on success; S iuba e da […] Mama e da s iub), i is claimed ha
hose e bs ha e wo lexemes. I one holds he opinion ha lexema […] is a wo d […]as a
se o all pa adigma ic o ms and hei co esponding meanings[…] (k Ž 113), hen such
a s a emen has no basis, because lexema, as a lexical e m, is gi en a syn ac ic
meaning. On page 101, wo homonyms a e dis inguished: ue and pa ial. The basis and
e m o he dis inc ion a e no clea he e. he pa ial opposi es would be indi isible o ,
as i is cus oma y o call i , absolu e. some dic iona ies o linguis ic e ms also p o ide
o he homonyms. In e ymology, h ee mo e ypes o homonyms a e also dis inguished
acco ding o hei sou ces and causes: e ymological, cons uc i e and seman ic (p. 104
[…] 111). In he de ini ion o synonyms gi en on page 123, wo wo ds ela ed o hei
classi ica ion should be inse ed […]single o […] (my wo ds in he b oken clauses):
[…]synonyms a e lexical uni s o [single o ] close meaning whose main seman ic
componen s coincide, and he seman ic componen s ha dis inguish hem may be
neu alized in ce ain con ex s.[…] This in oduc ion is necessa y because he au ho
he sel w i es on page 127 abou absolu e synonyms (ka elis […] balandis, kiškis […]
zuikis). Bu I don' hink hey pu hose wo ds in he e because o a simple lack o
sel -con ol. in he ou h chap e , called Leksinė P agMa ika, o New Wo ds o
Speech. he concep o he speech ac i sel is explained om he beginning, and hen
he main concep s and e ms ela ed o he speech ac s a e desc ibed:
Šnekos ak uose (p. 143–170), ku io p oblema ika nebu o nag inėjama Lek-
sinėje seman ikoje, ašoma apie XX a. sep in ajame dešim me yje susi o ma usią
e alda jakai ienė. Leksikologija
359 e iews o e iews ilokucija, pe lokucija, as well as he mos cha ac e is ic
ypes o lexicon o e bs: pe o ma i e e bs, e ique e lexicon, emo ions and
exp essions, modal wo ds. These a e new subjec s ha , un il he appea ance o
lexicology, we e p obably no only no augh o s uden s o humani ies special ies
o Li huanian highe schools, bu we e also unknown o many eache s o hese
special ies. The e o e, he ou h chap e is signi ican , among o he hings,
because o i s p oblema ic no el y in Li huanian linguis ic li e a u e.
In he i h chap e o he Social Linguis ic Lexicon asPek ai, o be ween he Visual
A s and he Linguis ic Linguis ics PusaVio sąVeika (p. 171[…]221), as he name sugges s,
i is w i en abou he ela ionship o wo ds o socie y, o i s a ious laye s. Fi s o
all, wo ypes o lexicon a e dis inguished acco ding o he social posi ion o he
" ep esen a i es o socie y": he uni e sal, o communi y, and he special lexicon. The
la e , in u n, is u he di ided in o e minology, oca ional and ja gon (p. 173). The e
a e a numbe o commen s on his classi ica ion. I seems o me ha he di ision o he
lexicon in o uni e sal (bend a au ė) and special is based no on social, bu on he basis o
spa ial scope, and ins ead o uni e sal i would be mo e app op ia e o use he e m
gene al o bend a au ė, because he la e ha e olde adi ions in Li huanian language
and a e no objec ionable in e ms o seman ics o e bs. The classi ica ion o a
e nacula lexicon as a special lexicon also aises doub s, since a e nacula is a
e i o ial uni o language, while a special lexicon is ela ed o he sphe e o science
and can be called a e m. Howe e , he au ho conside s he e ms and p o essionalism
o be unequal o he ypes o p o essional ocabula y (p. 181) and such concep s a e he
basis. Howe e , logically speaking, he opposi e o a e nacula lexicon is a common
language lexicon. The so-called uni e sal lexicon is conside ed o be he co e o he main
ocabula y und o he e m coined by he So ie pe iod. I hink he main lexicon und
would be be e . and no o any poli ical easons, bu because i is mo e s ic ly
necessa y o de ine he dic iona y as a "book o wo ds" and he lexicon as a " eal se
o wo ds" (which is any language, dialec , special y, e c.), i is synonymous and di icul
o a oid he use o hese e ms. I has al eady been men ioned ha in he p o essional
lexicon, he e m and he p o essionalism a e dis inguished (as sepa a e ypes o
unequal alue). he e m is de ined as a wo d wi h a 's ic ly ixed, highly de ined
con en , comple ely independen o he con ex ' (p. 182). This de ini ion, al hough
laconic, seems o me o be jus i ied, since in he wo ks o ou linguis s, o dina y
common o a e nal wo ds a e some imes e e ed o as e ms (e.g., eyes, ea s,
hea , e c.) (zemle ičiū ė 2008: […] 143144). Howe e , he desc ip ion o p o essionalism
as a pa o he ocabula y o he p o ession, namely 'no common wo ds, bu wo ds o
he language o con e sa ion' (p. 185), equi es cla i ica ion because i is no clea
whe he wha is mean he e is common con e sa ion o a ce ain in e media e
language be ween he in e p e e and he speake , which he Ge man linguis s call
Umgangsp ache and which we do no ha e o call

In he Ac a Linguis ica LXXI, he ollowing examples o p o essionalism a e men ioned:
jonas PaLionis
a hle es a e used ins ead o camels, d i e s a e used ins ead o ho ses, and o he
me lie u iško nusis ojusio e mino (gal am ik ų bui inė šnekamoji kalba?).
simila wo ds can be ea ed as ja gon. bu hese a e con o e sial issues ha do no
deny he o iginal and ele an desc ip ion o he basic concep s o e minology. In he
six h chap e , E imology and he Making o Wo ds, o whe e and when he wo d is ound
(p. 222.262), as can be seen om he i le, i is w i en abou wo ela ed b anches o
speech. One o hem s udies he o igin o wo ds, he o he one s udies he making o
wo ds, o c ea i i y. P io i y in e ms o place is gi en in he book o he p oblem o
he o igin o wo ds: he concep s o […] eldiniai[…] and […]da iniai[…] a e explained, and
he o igins and ages o he deb s a e analyzed in conside able de ail on he basis o
examples om Li huanian and o he languages. In e ms o o igin, he lexicon o he
Li huanian language dis inguishes and discusses Sla s (languages, Russian), Ge mans
(languages), La ians, in e na ional wo ds (submi ed o he G eek, usually in he Polish
dic iona ies, and e ms wi h he p e ix -ism: Sla ism, Ge manism, e c.). The e is no
doub abou he use o such e ms: hey a e used selec i ely in he wo ks o all
Li huanian speake s (excep , appa en ly, only in he ocabula y). The e is also no doub
abou he classi ica ion o loans […]pagal amžių[…] in o old and new, excep ha
[…]skoliniai, which en e ed he Li huanian language a e Wo ld Wa II[…], a e assigned (p.
234) bulka […]bandelė[…] and napilnykas […]dildė[…], which we e used ea lie in he colloquial
language. The o m napilnykas is no eco ded in he la ges Li huanian dic iona y, and
in my na i e Punios Šnek e be o e ha wa only he o m nopiẽlnykas (clea Russian,
plg. napilnik) was used. The p oblema ic hing is alphabe ical abb e ia ions, o which
e y li le a en ion is paid in he book. I me ely summa ised he i e such
abb e ia ions co, dVo, Pc and sMs and said ha hey had been ansla ed in o wo ds (p.
234). And you can ques ion hem because hey' e wo d- o -wo d, because you can'
deciphe hem wi hou deciphe ing hem. I 's a kind o alphabe ic abb e ia ion ha I
hink could be used o name he symbols. In he 1940s, he abb e ia ion Pe o Jonik was
w i en in he Gim oje language (Jonik 1940: 118 […] 123), so i would ha e been mo e
widely discussed in he e iewed book.
The sub i le "Analysis o e bs" explains he concep o e b mo i a ion, he
p inciples o e b analysis, he ypes o e bs, he ypes and ca ego ies o e bs.
Al hough all o his is discussed in conside able de ail in Vinco U bucio's The Theo y
o Wo d Making (1978; second edi ion 2009), he book by E. Jaka ienė is p esen ed o
s uden s in a mo e accessible o m, in addi ion o indi idual p oblems in he
p e acija pa em a naujesniais šios s i ies y inėjimais.
in e sec ing chap e o Onomas ics, o how wo ds gi e Me (p.
e alda jakai ienė. Leksikologija
361 e iew e iews o he ypes o wo ds and he p inciples o analysis o eal wo ds.
wo ds which name ce ain objec s wi hou indica ing "e en hei mos common
cha ac e is ics" (p. 264) and which canno di ec ly e e o a concep bu which "can
(some imes e en mus ) be linked o a concep " (p. 265) a e conside ed o be e i iable
he e. In he au ho s opinion, e i ica ion wo ds also ha e a ce ain, speci ic meaning,
he exis ence o which is denied by some linguis s. The wo ds in he book a e di ided in o
wo majo ypes acco ding o hei meaning: he names o li ing beings and he names
o non-li ing hings. The ype o li ing names is u he di ided in o h ee g oups:
pe sonal names, o an h oponyms, zoonyms and mi onyms. and he names o non-li ing
objec s […] in o place names, o oponyms, o which se e al g oups a e also
dis inguished: oikonimai, hid onimai, d imonimai, o onimai. I ha e no doub s abou he
meaning o hese eal wo ds, as well as hei classi ica ion. I ha e only a couple o
commen s: one abou he ela ionship o su names o pe sonali y ai s, and he o he
abou he o igin o some su names. P. 268, based on Alexande Vanag, i is claimed ha
he "name" is comple ely independen o his [i.e. he pe son's, […] J. P.] pe sonal quali ies.
Such a s a emen would be co ec i we did no ake in o accoun he s age o i s
ini ial eme gence. Howe e , du ing he pe iod o su names, many o hem we e o noble
o igin, and hei dependence on pe sonal quali ies was clea ( o example, su names
such as Kai ỹs, Kup ius, Rudis, e c.). Thus, his o ically speaking, i is also possible o
speak o he dependence o ce ain su names on he cha ac e is ics o he pe son. P.
272 The Sla ic su names Bu õkas, Kisiẽlius and Ridkas a e added o he su names o
"own o igin". The e, oo, he name o he i e ha lows h ough Klaipėda is
associa ed wi h he Osse ian don […]upė[…], bu he mo e eliable de i a ion o his name om he Ku sian language (ž .
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
In he eigh h chap e , F azioLogia, o he Wo ds o he Pas , he ee and s able wo d
combina ions, he seman ics o ph ases, he o igin and hei syn ax and unc ions a e
discussed. The in oduc o y pos in his sec ion also discusses he adi ional
na owe concep o ph aseology, acco ding o which ph aseologies a e conside ed o
be "only mo e o less pic o ial cons an and indi isible combina ions o wo ds" (p. 281),
and he newe , b oade one, acco ding o which he mos impo an and eliable
ea u e o ph aseologies is "sus aba ism, he equency o he same wo ds". pa ly
in line wi h he b oade concep , e. jakai ienė emphasises wo o he impo an
ea u es o ph aseologisms […] […]de ined ph aseological en i onmen […] (p. 282) and
he ac ha hey […]a e c ea ed om memo y[…] (p. 284). All his is con incing and
illus a ed in he book wi h selec ed examples o he Li huanian language. In seman ic
e ms, ph ases a e di ided in o mo i a ional and non-mo i a ional, compa a i e and
uo uosius, a ba idiomas. Mo y uo ieji da smulkiau skaidomi į is ūšis: 1)
sample ph ases. The opics a e again di ided in o me apho ical and me onymical. in
e ms o o igin, dialec s and loan ph ases a e dis inguished. Pa icula ly in e es ing
and e y a e a e he examples gi en by he au ho , such as ai ais ei i […]niekais
i s i[…], p uojais ei i […]sunyk i[…], į kapendą įšankin i […]apgau i[…],
362 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI sha ply o go "s ongly o go" (p. 295). Bu i 's ha dly
jonas PaLionis
a ph aseology o conside au ological compounds o wo ds ha a e clea es , in he
end, hund eds and hund eds o wo ds ha , al hough mo e o less cohe en , ha e no
ep esen a ion, and one is o med by ano he acco ding o a ce ain syn ac ic model
(e.g. he bes o he bes , he wo s o he wo s , he wo s o he wo s , he wo s
o he wo s , e c.). So maybe we should call hem ee-associa i e wo ds. When asked
whe he p eposi ions and ad e bs con aining a "simple" o a "complex" sen ence a e o
be ega ded as ph ases, e. jakai ienė ends o answe in he nega i e (p. 303). because
ph ases a e compounds o wo ds, no sen ences. This iew, i seems o me, is logically
en i ely jus i ied, since e bs and p onouns (ben in Li huanian) usually ha e he o m o
one o he o he sen ence a he han a combina ion o wo ds. I is also possible o
ag ee o he p o ision o ad ice and p eposi ions o be e e ed o as he e m o he
spa ow's speech (simila ly). In he las , nin h chap e , Leksikog a ija, o Wo ds in
Dic iona ies (p. 308[…]334) i is w i en abou he heo y and p ac ice o ocabula y
p epa a ion. The au ho has p e iously p epa ed a s udy on his (jakai ienė 2005).
The e o e, his depa men was able o ake ad an age o , and undoub edly used, he
esul s o he esea ch p esen ed in ha s udy, applying hem o s uden s o
humani ies special ies in highe educa ion. This is also shown by he coincidence o he
names o he wo subsec ions o his sec ion: "Aims and asks o lexicog aphy" and
"Types o wo ds". The second sub-sec ion on he ypes o wo ds, hei classi ica ion, is
undoub edly mo e p oblema ic. He e, as in he wo ks o many o he linguis s, linguis ic
and encyclopedic ocabula y s ands ou i s . Fo hei pa , linguis s a e di ided in o
monolingual and pa allel, monolingual […] in o gene al and special, gene al […] in o de ailed
and di e en ial, in addi ion, he e a e also explana o y and indexical, uni e sal and
aspec al, synch onous and diach onous ( hese in o his o ical and e ymological), bilingual
[…] in o ac i e and passi e, uni e sal and selec i e. So he e's a lo o di e en ypes o
ocabula y ha i 's no easy o ge in o a s uden 's head. In some dic iona ies o
linguis ic e ms, he e a e e en mo e dis inc species and a g ea e di e si y o hei
e minology. he cha ac e is ics o he ypes gi en in he book unde e iew may be
called in o ques ion by he app op ia eness o he name o one ype. Fo example, i
seems o me ha he e m "exhaus i e dic iona y" (p. 314) is no e y widesp ead, since
he e may no be a comple ely exhaus i e dic iona y. The e m gene al, as opposed o
di e en ial, would be mo e app op ia e he e ( he e m used in he e m is pa allel
ins ead o pa allel). I is also doub ul ha common ocabula y […]de ines all he wo ds
o any language o dialec […]
nas išsamieji isai ne eikalingas). no mos a ž ilgiu inkamesnis y a Leksikog a i-
(p. 315) [no necessa y o say all] Bu i 's a small, no a all dis espec ul ideo
o he Tu ing lexicog aphic depa men .
e alda jakai ienė. Leksikologija
A he end o he e iew, I would like o make a ew mo e summa y ema ks. 1) in he
o ewo d o he book i is s a ed wi hou hesi a ion ha i is a "solid s udy guide" (p.
5). And ha 's exac ly wha i is. in which subjec s a e augh in a p oblema ic way,
conside ing a ious iews and hei own, based on weigh y a gumen s. I he e we e
no explana o y wo ds in he i les o he chap e s, and i a he end o all he
chap e s and many o he sec ions he e we e no addi ions and hey we e called
"basic li e a u e" wi h page e e ences, hen i could be called no only a solid guide
o s uden s, bu a e y aluable linguis ic wo k in gene al. 2) al hough he book mainly
ope a es on examples o he Li huanian language, i also includes da a om o he
languages, including No wegian, which a e ela i ely a e in Li huanian linguis ic
li e a u e (she has lea ned his language well while wo king in No way). The e o e, he
book should be o in e es no only o Li huanians, bu also o eache s o o he
humani ies special ies and s uden s o highe cou ses and o people in e es ed in he
s udy o wo ds in gene al.
Li e a a bańcze owski je zy, Pogonowski je zy, zgółka adeusz 1982: Ws ęp do
językoznaws wa (Ws ęp o he knowledge o he language) is a book by he Ge man w i e
and poe Władysław Bańcze owski, published in 1988. Poznań: Uni e si y o he A s o he Republic o Poland by Adam Mickiewicza
I know.
Wojciech Do oszewski was bo n in 1954 in Zagadnień, Poland. Wa saw: PWn.
This is a lis o dic iona ies o he Czech Republic, so ed by dic iona y. The Vilnius:
Ins i u e o science and
encyclopedia publishing.
Jonah and Pe a in 1940: sho . […] In he na i e language, 9[…]10 a e, 118[…]123. The
s a ion is loca ed in he illage o Kazimie , in he municipali y o Keinys. A
dic iona y o spoken e ms. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
Mažiulis Vy au as 1999: no Dãnė, bu Dañgė. He is a membe o he Danish na ional
eam. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o
i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. U banias Vins (1978):
The heo y o wo d p oduc ion Vilnius: Science and echnology Second edi ion, 2009. Zeml e i čiū ė Pal mi a 2008: Li huanian Vinco Kudi kos medical e ms. This is he second edi ion. Te minology, 142155. This is no he case.
Deli e ed on 25 Sep embe 2014
jonas PaLionis
Vilniaus uni e si e as
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.