172 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI
keyWo ds: oiced consonan , oiceless consonan , assimila ion, wo d junc u e.
esMiniai ŽodŽiai: ska dusis p iebalsis, duslusis p iebalsis, asimiliacija, žodžių sandū a.
y is aMb azeViČius
kaunas uni e si y o echnology
ields o esea ch: musical and speech acous ics, e hnomusicology,
psychology o music.
as a Leskauskai ė
ins i u e o he Li huanian Language
ields o esea ch: synch onic and diach onic phone ics, phonology,
mo phology, geolinguis ics, dialec ology o he bal ic languages.
cues o consonan
Voicing: i s assiMiLa ion
in Wo d junc u e
P iebalsių balsingumo požymiai.
asimiliacija žodžių sandū oje
anno a ion
he pape consis s o wo pa s. he i s one conside s he gene al acous ic cues o oic-
ing o obs uen s (i.e. cases o he consonan s in wo d junc u e a e no de ailed). acous ic
peculia i ies o he lenis/ o is dicho omy a e men ioned. ela i ely simple isual cues o oic-
ing (acous ical exp essions o a componen o phona ion) iden i iable om oscillog ams and
spec og ams a e discussed. P oblems o he echniques o such iden i ica ion a e poin ed ou .
he quan i a i e indexes o oicing o ica i es and s ops a e sugges ed and applied o
analysis o he consonan oicing in s anda d Li huanian.
he second pa is ocused on he close assimila ion o he consonan s in wo d junc u e
aking place in he sou he n aukš ai ians. d awing on he abo e men ioned echniques exam-
ples o spon aneous o al speech a e analyzed.
ano acija
s aipsnį suda o d i dalys. Pi mojoje nag inėjami bend ieji akus iniai iukšminių p iebalsių
( . y. neišski ian žodžių sandū os p iebalsių) balsingumo požymiai. ap a iami lenis / o is
cues o consonan Voicing:
i s assimila ion in Wo d junc u e
173s aipsniai / a icles
dicho omijos akus iniai sa i umai, sąlygiškai pap as i balsingumo požymiai ( onacijos kompo-
nen o akus inės iš aiškos), iden i ikuojami iš oscilog amų i spek og amų, pažymimos okio
iden i ika imo me odikos p oblemos. oliau siūlomi kiekybiniai pučiamųjų i sp ogs amųjų
p iebalsių balsingumo odikliai. naudojan juos a liekama lie u ių bend inės kalbos p iebalsių
balsingumo analizė.
an ojoje s aipsnio dalyje dėmesys su elkiamas į pie ų aukš aičių šnek ose yks ančią žodžių
sandū os dalinę p iebalsių asimiliaciją. emian is anksčiau ap a a me odika, p ak iškai anali-
zuojami saky inės spon aninės kalbos pa yzdžiai.
In s anda d Li huanian and dialec s, consonan s adjus acco ding o he ac i i ies
o he ocal olds, pala alism, and he place o a icula ion. assimila ion is es-
ablished aking in o accoun se e al cha ac e is ics: he dis ance be ween he ad-
jus ing sounds (close, dis an ), di ec ion o adjus men ( eg essi e, p og essi e),
and deg ee ( ull, pa ial). his phone ic phenomenon can be complex. in o he
wo ds, consonan s can be assimila ed bo h acco ding o one o he ea u es and by
se e al ea u es simul aneously. addi ionally, degemina ion is o en insepa able
om his phenomenon (Lkg i 93–94; Pake ys 2003: 178–189).
usually linguis s ha e no doub s abou he consonan assimila ion in wo ds
acco ding o he ac i i ies o he ocal olds. he adjus men o oiced and oice-
less consonan s in wo d junc u es is mo e complica ed; he e o e i is impo an
o asce ain whe he and in wha cases his ype o coa icula ion is sys emic o
he posi ion men ioned, as well as he deg ee o he change. in s anda d language,
when a dependen wo d is nex o an independen one, he laws o wo d junc u es
a e he same as hose o he combina ion inside a wo d; howe e , acco ding o
he men ioned ea u e, consonan assimila ion in junc u es o wo independen
wo ds (like degemina ion) is acul a i e (Pake ys 2003: 180). he egula i ies o
hese phenomena in he Li huanian dialec s can be e ealed om ansc ibed
dialec al ex s and sound eco dings, as well as om no es o a ious dialec olo-
gis s, bu no a emp has been made o e i y he egula i ies expe imen ally.
he main goal o his a icle is o discuss pa ial close eg essi e consonan
assimila ion in wo d junc u es acco ding o he ac ion o ocal olds, d awing
on he esul s o expe imen al esea ch. he esea ch goals a e: 1. o discuss
gene al expe imen al me hods o esea ch o he consonan oicing in wo d
junc u e and i s iden i ica ion issues; 2. o es ablish some egula i ies o he
close eg essi e consonan assimila ion cha ac e is ic o wo d junc u es in he
sou he n aukš ai ians.
he ypes and cases o he assimila ion o he consonan s o he sou he n aukš-
ai ians ha e been de e mined d awing on he sound eco dings om he dialec s
a chi e o he esea ch cen e o geolinguis ics a he ins i u e o he Li huanian
174
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Language as well as on he published ex s (Ma ke ičienė 1999; Leskauskai ė 2004;
MŠ ). i e eco dings ( he o al du a ion o hem exceeds en hou s) o spon ane-
ous spoken language o sou he n aukš ai ians1 we e employed o sound analysis;
P aa so wa e was applied o his pu pose.
o he analysis o oicing in s anda d Li huanian, u e ances eco ded om a
single Li huanian male speake we e applied2; he ob ained alues o acous ic pa-
ame e s we e employed as ce ain e e ence poin s in he succeeding s udy on
dialec al speech.
nuances in e MinoLogy
he dicho omy o e ms oiced and oiceless (un oiced) poin s o he p esence
o absence o phona ion as he main cue o disc imina ion. his is a well-known
pa adigm. howe e , o be p ecise, be o e he p oceeding o u he examina ion
o consonan oicing, we should be awa e o ce ain p oblems wi h such a simple
desc ip ion. We should emembe ha he ull-scale ocal componen is no always
obliga o y o he disc imina ion discussed. Mo eo e , some languages ( o ins ance,
some inno-ug ic languages) do no employ phona ion a all in hei ‘ oiced’
consonan s. he main cue o he disc imina ion in he analogous con as ing
consonan pai s is conside ed o be he s eng h o a icula o y e o s which is less
o he ‘ oiced’ consonan s and bigge o he ‘ oiceless’ consonan s. james M. Pick-
e (1999: 125) no es he con en ional a i ude ha “ he cons ic ions o un oiced
consonan s a e a icula ed wi h mo e o ce o ension han o he oiced conso-
nan s”. he e o e i is common o use a mo e gene al desc ip ion o he dicho o-
my o oiced/ oiceless consonan s and o conside he dicho omy o lenis/ o is
ins ead. in he subsequen discussion, we will mean mos ly he ‘ eal’ oicing/no
oicing ypical o he Li huanian language. howe e , some imes we will e e o
he issues jus men ioned.
1 ČŠ, Vaineže is, Lazdijai dis ic , sound eco d LM222806; Vb, Miškiniai, Lazdijai dis ic , sound eco d
Lk061101, Lk061102; Pd, daina a, Va ėna dis ic , sound eco d LM230505; jP, Ma gionys, Va ėna
dis ic , sound eco d Lk161501, LM222906; VM, kapčiamies is, sound eco d n .693. Vik o as.
Miciule ičius.WaV. all eco dings a e kep a he dialec s a chi e o he esea ch cen e o geolin-
guis ics a he ins i u e o he Li huanian Language.
2 an ac o juozas ja uše ičius; he sound eco dings p o ided in he cd as supplemen o he book by
Pake ys and Pupkis (2004). o isualiza ion o he gene al cues o oicing (isola ed sounds and
nonsense VcV-pa e ns; see igs. 1–4 and 7), addi ional eco dings we e p epa ed by one o he au-
ho s, male speake y is amb aze ičius.
cues o consonan Voicing:
i s assimila ion in Wo d junc u e
175s aipsniai / a icles
siMPLe VisuaL cues
he componen o phona ion appea s in acous ical g aphs in se e al ways. in he
oscillog ams o ica ion phases (cases o ica i es and a ica es), i is iden i ied om
he pa ial pe iodici y o a wa e o m ( ig. 2, op; compa e o ig. 1, op).3
igu e 1. in e ocal oiceless sibilan š wi h
small po ions o adjacen owels (aša):
oscillog am, na ow- and wide-band spec-
og ams4
igu e 2. in e ocal oiced sibilan ž wi h
small po ions o adjacen owels (aža):
oscillog am, na ow- and wide-band spec-
og ams
simila ly, in he oscillog ams o gap phases (cases o s ops and a ica es), he pe-
iodici y o a wa e o m, as opposed o he comple e silence o mo e ealis ic weak noise,
means he addi ional componen o phona ion ( ig. 4, op; compa e o ig. 3, op)5.
his componen can be also iden i ied om spec og ams. in he na ow-band
spec og ams, i appea s as he co esponding s uc u e o ha monics ( igs. 2, 4; mids).
in he wide-band spec og ams, pulsing is he ma ke o phona ion ( igs. 2, 4; bo -
oms). hus, b ie ly, “ he p esence o absence o oicing ene gy is he dominan cue
o he pe cep ion o he oicing con as in ica i es” (ken , ead 2002: 161); and
his p esence o absence is clea ly depic ed in ce ain acous ical g aphs. he e o e he
3 o all acous ical measu emen s and he g aphs, P aa so wa e was employed. Ms excel p o ided
basis o he s a is ical gene aliza ions and he g aphic ep esen a ion o he esul s.
4 in igs. 1–4, isola ed VcV-pa e ns a e p esen ed. bo h owels a e accen ed.
5 a ica es will no be conside ed u he in his chap e . in p ospec , a mix u e o he me hods used
o ica i es and s ops could be applied in he s udy o oicing o a ica es.
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iden i ica ion o oicing seems o be qui e simple ask based on he simple obse a ions
o he acous ical g aphs.
howe e , he e we come back o he issues men ioned in he beginning o he
pape . o ins ance, in ce ain cases, a ica i e is pe cei ed as oiced e en i i con-
ains a segmen o de oicing ( ig. 5). hen he ques ion a ises whe e he bounda y
be ween he oiced and oiceless ica i es is, i.e. wha du a ion o he de oiced
segmen (o o he cha ac e is ics) co esponds o he bounda y be ween he oiced
and oiceless coun e pa s. Mo eo e , his bounda y is expec ed o be dependen on
a ce ain language and e en on some speci ic nuances o speech low.
igu e 3. in e ocal oiceless s op p wi h
small po ions o adjacen owels (apa):
oscillog am, na ow- and wide-band spec-
og ams
igu e 4. in e ocal oiced s op b wi h
small po ions o adjacen owels (aba):
oscillog am, na ow- and wide-band spec-
og ams
igu e 5. spec og am o he wo d lá.užu ‘ i e (sing. ins .)’. he segmen o de oicing
is ma ked

cues o consonan Voicing:
i s assimila ion in Wo d junc u e
177s aipsniai / a icles
a good example is Vo (Voice onse
ime) used equen ly as he di e en ial
cue o he english s ops. he bounda y
be ween he oiced and oiceless english
s ops is said o be a app oxima ely 30 ms
( ig. 6).6 on he con a y, ou p elimi-
na y obse a ions showed ha , o he
Li huanian oiced s ops, Vo is always
nega i e. i he s op is p eceded by a
pause, an epen he ic owel is o med. i
he s op is in e ocal, oicing is no in-
e up ed, i.e. i ills he en i e gap phase.
in some cases, seemingly, some e y
sho de oiced segmen s a e o med
somewhe e a ound he noise bu s s, ye
hese a e ha dly iden i iable om he
acous ic g aphs.
all his shows ha ce ain quan i a i e indexes o he di e en ia ion o oiced and
oiceless consonan s a e highly desi able. he cha ac e is ic alues o he indexes (and
especially he bounda y alues) could be ob ained om he acous ical measu emen s
o he eal u e ances o clea ins ances o he oiced/ oiceless coun e pa s, as well as
om he pe cep ual e alua ions o he con inua o syn hesized sounds.
Quan i a iVe cues: ica iVes
se e al di e en ial indexes and algo i hms o he e alua ion o oicing o
ica i es we e p oposed by di e en au ho s. one should men ion, o ins ance,
HNR (ha monic- o-noise a io; boe sma 1993; hamann, boe sma, Ća a 2010)
and in ensi y and empo al pa ame e s o he i s ha monic (Pi ello, blums ein,
ku owski 1997; s e ens e al 1992). based on gene ally app op ia e assump ions,
hese me hods ha e ce ain sho comings which make hei applicabili y o he
s udy mo e o less p oblema ic. on he one hand, HNR shows illogical bounda y
alues (h p://uk.g oups.yahoo.com/g oup/p aa -use s/message/2533). on he
o he hand, he e alua ions o dynamics o undamen al including measu emen s
o du a ions, ex ac ion o undamen al, measu emen s o i s SPL a se e al ime
6 inciden ally, e e o he quo e o ken and ead: while s a ing on “p esence o absence o oicing ene gy”
as “ he dominan cue o he pe cep ion o he oicing con as ” hey mean ica i es bu no s ops.
igu e 6. disc imina ion o oiced and oice-
less s ops by Vo (ken , ead 2002: 151)
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poin s, and he successi e compa isons o SPLs ake conside able ime esou ces
and he e o e a e p obably sui able in he cases o single ins ances, bu ha dly
p ac ical in he cases o la ge samples.
a se o he algo i hms employs qui e dis inc sepa a ion o he oice/noise e-
quency bands (childe s 2000; balbonas, daunys 2005; e c.). on he one hand,
s uc u e o low ha monics up o 1–2 khz (wi h he mos in ense band up o ap-
p oxima ely 0.5 khz) is cha ac e is ic o he spec a o oiced ica i es. on he
o he hand, he noise o ica ion is cha ac e is ic o signi ican ly highe equencies
( ig. 7). o ins ance, o english oiceless sibilan s, noise is signi ican ly mo e in-
ense o > 2.5 khz. he mos in ense spec al peaks a e a abou 3 khz (š) and abou
4 khz o highe (s) (Picke 1999: 119, 139; ken , ead 2002: 163, 168, e c.).
based on his di e ence, a simple LHR me hod was p oposed (Low-high- a io
index; i.e. a io o in ensi ies o low and high equency bands; amb aze ičius
2013). LHR was de ined by he ollowing exp ession:
LHR (db) = 10lg (IL/IH) = –10lg ;
he e IL, IH, L, and LL s and o , co espondingly, he in ensi ies o low (0–0.5 khz)
and high (>0.5 khz) equency bands, he o al SPL, and SPL o he low band.
igu e 7. spec um o a p olonged isola ed sibilan ž
cues o consonan Voicing:
i s assimila ion in Wo d junc u e
179s aipsniai / a icles
igu e 8. LHR o he Li huanian sibilan s7
he me hod was applied o he e alua ion o oicing o 201 sibilan in s anda d
Li huanian8; he u e ances o male speake p esen ed in he eco dings o Pake ys
and Pupkis 2004 we e examined. i was es ima ed ha he bounda y be ween he
oiced and oiceless sibilan s co esponds oughly o LHR = –10 db ( ig. 8).
Quan i a iVe cues: s oPs
he logic o e alua ion o low equency bands could be also applied in he
case o s ops. We sugges he ela i e SPL o he low-pass il e ed in e ocal gap
( ig. 9) as he di e en ial index:
ΔLL (db) = LLC – LLV ;
7 he e and u he : medians – black diamonds, in e qua iles – whi e diamonds, ex emes – dashes.
Values less han –30 db no depic ed. he esul s o z a e somewha p elimina y because o qui e a
small sample size.
8 he e o e he esul s di e sligh ly om hose p esen ed in amb aze ičius 2013 which included 188
sibilan s.
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he e LLC and LLV a e, co espondingly, SPLs o low (0–0.5 khz) equency bands
o a consonan gap and he adjacen owel o owels. SPLs o he p eceding
owel, succeeding owel, o hei a e age, can be used depending on whe he he
consonan is pos ocal, p e ocal, o in e ocal (see also he discussion below).
igu e 9. u e ance p eba… ( om p ebalsis): sPL ack and na ow-band spec og am o
low-pass (0–0.5 khz) il e ed eco ding
igu e 10. ΔLL o he Li huanian s ops
cues o consonan Voicing:
i s assimila ion in Wo d junc u e
187s aipsniai / a icles
igu e 12. u e ance lkis bù ɔ. ‘had emained’. op: oscillog am, bo om: sPL
ack and wide-band spec og am o low-pass (0–0.5 khz) il e ed eco ding
igu e 13. u e ance i.šini.kαs bù ɔ. ‘ he chie was’. op: oscillog am, bo om:
sPL ack and wide-band spec og am o low-pass (0–0.5 khz) il e ed eco ding
bo h gene alized LHR alues and he alues o sepa a e occu ences o sibilan s s, š
in wo d junc u es o spon aneous language show ha hese sibilan s mos o en become
oiced z, ž, he e o e eg essi e assimila ion is ob ious. howe e , his phenomenon is
no in ense in some cases, he e o e he sibilan s s, š a e iden i ied as only pa ially
oiced. i is no always easy o es ima e he deg ee o oicing by ea .

188
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he consonan s s, ž used be o e oiced consonan s in wo d junc u es can emain
almos comple ely oiceless. o example, in he ph ase lkis bù ɔ, he sibilan s has a
na u ally weak shade o z – i s LHR equals –2 db ( ig. 12)11. his sound did no un-
de go eg essi e assimila ion since, because o he dispe si e in luence o he con ex ,
i was p onounced as a he sho (abou 60 ms), while e e be a ion was s onge .
i a acul a i e owel is inse ed in wo d junc u e, he sibilan consonan be o e
a u he oiced s op does no unde go eg essi e assimila ion. o example, LHR
alue o he consonan s in igu e 13 is –10.4 db. i co esponds app oxima ely
o he median o LHR o all cases o he oiceless s (c . ig. 11). he e o e he
ica i e is eally oiceless in his case.
Types T←Ts and T←Td. he endency o in e ac ion o he oiceless s ops
k, p, and he ollowing oiced s ops g, b, d in wo d junc u es is simila o ha
o ica i es ( ig. 14). in his case, he deg ee o oicing is es ima ed basing on
he ΔLL index discussed ea lie .
ig. 14 shows ha he anges o he ΔLL alues o consonan s k, p, in luenced by
he oiced consonan s g, b, d and hose which did no expe ience pa ial close eg es-
si e assimila ion in e sec . he e o e i is impossible o indica e he bounda y o
sepa a ion o oicing and un oicing be ween hem. i can be su mised ha , as in case
o ica i es, assimila ion o hese consonan s in wo d junc u es can be o di e en
deg ee, wi h simila easons like hose cha ac e is ic o ica i es discussed abo e.
since he ΔLL index did no show a e y ob ious di e ence be ween assimi-
la ed and nonassimila ed s ops, addi ionally he low equency ene gy alues o
hese sounds we e compa ed (i.e. no aking in o accoun owel con ex ; ig. 15).
a clea sepa a ion is seen only o he occu ences o labial consonan p p eceding
oiced and oiceless s ops – he co esponding anges o he LL alues do no in-
e sec . ob iously, in he posi ion discussed, he oicing/un oicing o he conso-
nan s k and was g ea ly in luenced by he con ex and o he ac o s.
i was all eady men ioned ha , because o scan y da a ha dly su icien o
eliable s a is ical e alua ion, o he ypes o assimila ion in wo d junc u es ha e no
been discussed. howe e , he discussed phenomena seems o be analogical in he
sou he n aukš ai ians’ subdialec s as well as he Li huanian language. he e o e
possibly simila gene al endencies could be iden i ied.
i should be no ed ha he sound eco dings o spon aneous sou he n aukš ai ians’
speech con ained ewe cases o he ypes ← s and ← d compa ed o s← s:
S← d, he e o e he samples o hei usage a e no la ge. his ci cums ance can
in luence he c edibili y o he esul s ob ained.
11 he Lh o he ica i e consonan s o he wo d junc u es in pic u es 12 and 13 ha e no been in-
cluded in he gene al esul s o measu emen s algo y hms calcula ion.
cues o consonan Voicing:
i s assimila ion in Wo d junc u e
189s aipsniai / a icles
igu e 14. ΔLL o he sou he n aukš ai ian s ops in wo d junc u es12
igu e 15. LL; sound p essu e le el o he low-pass (0–0.5 khz) il e ed sou he n
aukš ai ians’ s ops in wo d junc u es
12 he e he ype ← s seemingly lacks he hi d qua ile as i is blended wi h median. i may linked o
he scan y occu ences o he posi ion esea ched.
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concLusions
i is well known ha “ he p esence o absence o oicing ene gy is he dominan
cue o he pe cep ion o he oicing con as in consonan s” ( ehashed om ken
& ead 2002: 161). howe e , one encoun e s no simply wo dicho omic cases “a
consonan wi h oicing ene gy” and “a consonan wi hou oicing ene gy”, bu
a he en i e con inuum o ac ions o oicing ene gy in he whole spec a o he
consonan s conside ed. he bounda ies be ween o is and lenis ca ego ies a e
indi idual o di e en languages. Mo eo e , he pe cep ion o oicing is compli-
ca ed as includes no only spec al bu also empo al cues. all his makes he
p ocedu e o he objec i ized e alua ion o oicing no i ial.
he pape in oduces wo ela i ely simple echniques o iden i ica ion o oicing:
he indices LHR (case o ica i es) and ΔLL (case o s ops), bo h based on he e alu-
a ion o ene gy o low equencies in he consonan s (o hei empo al segmen s).
e e ing o he abo emen ioned complica ions o he objec i ized e alua ion o oic-
ing, hese indices wo k gene ally qui e well as di e en ial cues o oicing. ne e he-
less, because o he complica ions, a ce ain cau ion should be no ed again when
employing hese echniques: he bounda ies be ween he oiced and oiceless coun-
e pa s a e indi idual o he discussed cases. addi ionally, he esul s could be dis-
o ed by some ex insic echnical causes, such as in ense backg ound noise and oom
e e be a ion. his should be aken in o accoun bo h when choosing he sound e-
co dings o analysis and when applying he echniques o acous ical measu emen s.
he indica ed echniques o analysis could be employed in he s udy o phenom-
ena o consonan assimila ion in he Li huanian dialec s oo. he esea ch ca ied
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192
y is aMb azeViČius, as a Leskauskai ė
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI
P iebalsių balsingumo požymiai.
jų asimiliacija žodžių sandū oje
san auka
Pap as ai i adiciškai su a iama, kad ska džiuosius i dusliuosius p iebalsius ski ia onacijos
(balso klosčių eiklos), . y. balso, balsingojo komponen o bu imas a nebu imas. ai ne isai
ikslu. kai ku ių kalbų (pa yzdžiui, kai ku ių ug o inų kalbų) p iebalsiai, suda an ys analogiš-
kas kon as ines po as, ski iasi ne a ba ne iek balsingumo požymiais, o am ik ais (mūsų
požiū iu – iš lie u ių kalbos one ikos pozicijų) an iniais požymiais. a k eipus dėmesį į ski -
ingas a ikuliacines pas angas a ian ska džiuosius i dusliuosius p iebalsius (a jų dicho omi-
nius analogus), pi muosius ka ais links ama adin i neį emp aisiais (lenis), an uosius – į emp-
aisiais ( o is). s aipsnyje ap a iami pa yzdžiai, ku di e encijuojan o is–lenis po as balsin-
gumo požymis y a ben kiek no s eikšmingas.
Pag indinis akus inis ska džiuosius p iebalsius nuo dusliųjų ski ian is požymis – onaciją odan-
is komponen as: k azipe iodiniai i pesiai oscilog amose, papildomos balso ha monikos spek o-
g amose. ačiau ne i nu ūkus onacijai pučiamasis p iebalsis išlieka ska džiuoju. onacijos po-
žiū iu labai ski iasi, pa yzdžiui, lie u ių i anglų kalbų sp ogs amieji p iebalsiai. okiais pa yzdžiais
ilius uojami kalbiniai o is–lenis ski umai i a gumen uojami kiekybinių me odų p i alumai.
siūlomi kiekybiniai balsingumo odikliai. ska džiųjų pučiamųjų p iebalsių spek e iš yškė-
ja žemadažnės ha monikos. uo pasinaudo a apib ėžian pučiamųjų p iebalsių LHR (Low-High-
Ra io) odiklį, lygų p iebalsio žemadažnės (iki 500 hz) i aukš adažnės (pe 500 hz) ene gijos
san ykiui. kiek ki aip, be pasi emian panašiu eiškiniu (žemadažnės ene gijos y a imas ska -
džiųjų p iebalsių sp agos azėje), kons uojamas sp ogs amųjų p iebalsių ΔLL odiklis – san y-
kinis (p iebalsio a imame a olimame kon eks e) žemadažnio komponen o ga so lygis.
Minė a me odika panaudo a i analizuojan pie ų aukš aičių dusliųjų i ska džiųjų p iebalsių
są eiką žodžių sandū oje. s← s : s← d i ← s : ← d ipų analizė pa odė, kad dalinė a imoji
eg esy inė asimiliacija ap a iamojoje pozicijoje nė a ienoda, o kai ku iais a ejais i apsk i ai
ne yks a. be o, no in a lik i pa ikimą spon aniškos kalbos p iebalsių asimiliacijos analizę s a bu
a k eip i dėmesį į ga so į ašo echninę kokybę, į ašymo pa alpos e e be aciją i ki us eiksnius.
handed in on 4 sep embe 2014.
y is aMb azeViČius
Kaunas Uni e si y o Technology
Adomo Micke ičiaus g. 37, LT-44244 Kaunas, Li huania
[email p o ec ed]
as a Leskauskai ė
Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Li huania
[email p o ec ed]