360 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII
HARALD BICHLMEIER
Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en zu Leipzig
Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g
esea ch a eas: oponomas ics (Ge man, Cel ic),
Al i anis ics, Mykenology, Indoge manis ics, and
E ymology. I is also known as he "Al i anis ics" o "Indoge manism".
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
This is Pe e Wiesinge , Alb ech G eule.
Ba a ia and he Romans.
Fo he eco d,
F esh o chilled
E hnici ies in Sigh
Linguis ics and
Name esea ch
Ca og aphy by Michael Sche bäck.
Tübingen: Na F ancke A emp o, 2019,
which has 250 pages. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This is he i s ime ha I ha e been able o do so.
The oponomas ics o he olde linguis ic s a a o (Cen al) Eu ope has no been
sys ema ically and especially sys ema ically s udied since he Indo-Ge manic pe iod.
ba ely examined in monog aphs. Excep ions a e indi idual wo ks such as
Scheung abe , G ünzweig (2014), which, howe e , o e long dis ances, p ima ily
summa ize only he exis ing s a e o knowledge wi hou eally deli e ing new
esul s. The sys ema ic examina ion o his language ma e ial a he cu en s a e
o Indo-Ge man s udies is he e o e s ill a desi able pa o esea ch. La ge
in es iga ions ound, among o he hings, Ins ead, i is he Cel ic onymic ma e ial
ha is p obably he bes s udied (Falileye , Gohil, Wa d 2010; An ei e 1996, 2016;
Sims-Williams 2006; Raybould, Sims-Williams 2007[…]2009 as well as nume ous o he
s udies on pe sonal names, such as Meid 2005). A he cu en Indo-Ge manic le el,
acco ding o his own s a emen , nis en was w i en p ima ily o e u e a (so a
Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum
Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach-
wissenscha und Namen o schung
Recenzijos Re iews 361 also examines he ancien names o Pannonia by
An ei e (2001). Wi h ega d o wa e names, he DGNB (2014), which, despi e i s
weaknesses in de ail and i s excessi e b e i y (see Bichlmeie 2015, 2015a), can
be conside ed a wo k ha p o ides a good o e iew. F om his pe spec i e,
he DONB (2012) is less success ul, which is also due o he excessi e b e i y o
he a icles and, mo eo e , o he echnical dispa i y o he almos 90 edi o s
o he a icles.
1. Gene al abou he book
Das hie o zus ellende Gemeinscha swe k de beiden bekann en Ge ma-
unknown o Rez. and p obably no longe ele an o a leas a decade) hypo- hesis,
which seems o ha e been pa icula ly widesp ead in a chaeological ci cles a ound
ha ime and a e he yea 2000: ha he Baie s we e ul ima ely o Roman o igin
(S. […] 25, 21). Like he wo au ho s, i seems o he Rez. The ac ha Ba a ian is a
a ie y o Ge man, i.e. ha Ge man is spoken p ima ily in Ba a ia and Aus ia,
makes i unclea how his iew can be eached. The i s pa o he book deals wi h
his heo y o a chaeologis s and clea ly e u es i . A e a esea ch o e iew,
he Ba a ian language his o y and hus also he his o y o name in eg a es in o
Ba a ian is p esen ed in an exempla y, al hough some imes qui e condensed way. I
is eg e able ha , in hei en i e y, he ce ainly consis en ly co ec ime da a
o he ope a ion o , o example, he i s and second sound shi s, i-umlau ,
a-umlau , younge monoph honga ion and diph honga ion p ocesses, e c., a e
la gely p o ided wi hou e e ence o u he li e a u e. Fo eade s less amilia
wi h he subjec , he imp ession may some imes be ha i has o do wi h newly
acqui ed knowledge om he au ho (Wiesinge ). O cou se, his is a ely he case.
The con en s o he book wi h ega d o he da ing o he phone ic p ocesses
in Ge manic-Ge manic a e compiled he e in abula o m, he eby also making
he occasional di e en da es isible:
HARALD BICHLMEIER
362 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
P ozess Da ie ung Sei e
Expulsion om he
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e Well, a he la es a ound A.D. Gi e i o me. 61 hou s. *a in he onic comple ed […] […]den a ound Ch . Gi e i o me. Execu ed 84 ge ms. Sound change om o […] a[…]
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
Expulsion om he
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p -
p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e * o > a e he 1s Jh. I 's no . Wha do you mean? 61 hou s. * in he composi ion ugue (Cha io alda by Taci us) o he name o he o e unne . I 's called u ge m. A he la es on he 1s . Jh. N. o Ch . 61 comple ed olde i-umlau u ge m. *e> i[…] om he 2nd Jh. n. Ch . […], […]comple ed a ound 600 62[…]
F om abou 150 o a mos
he 7 h. Jh. 124 olde ac s
e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e--
700 o 95 be o e he end o
o he 2nd Sound shi […]
a-Umlau *i > *e 2. Jh. n. Ch . bis 600 (gleichzei ig
mi dem i-Umlau )
„ on e wa 150 bis längs ens 700“
62
95
agains 600 inse ing […], […]
a e 565 inse ing […] 60,
a he ea lies 49, 55, ( , p, k
63, k only in e ocally) 64
App oxi-
Comple ed no la e
> ss/z, /p , <ch> [χχ] (i.e.
ma ely. 600–650“ 65
han 650 […] 66
Phase wo o phase
> (b)
wo. Sound shi (d) a
App oxi-
he la es 1. H. o he 8. Jh.s 62, 64
ma ely 700–760“ 65
Phase 3 o phase 2. Sound shi
> p) Bai , alem. Wha a e you
(b […] app oxima ely 740 o 780 […] 64, 66
alking abou ? > […]<ch> k[kχ] in
65 Anlau , in he gemina ion, a e /
The nose.
[…]app oxima ely 740 o 780[…]
Phase ou o
> k) […]
phase wo. Sound
abou 760
shi (g2. H. o he 8. Jh.s 62
o be o e 800 […] 65, 66
Li ing o > u_NK 2. H. o he 8. Jh.s
62 younge i-umlau 2. H. and 8. o
[…] om he 9 h Jh. un il la e. Time
he wel h cen u y. Jh. 67 […] 69
126 o he 11 h. Jhs.
Accen shi o he […] un il
i s syllables a in eg a ion
Old High Ge man
he middle o he 11 h. Jhs. 70
Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum
Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach-
wissenscha und Namen o schung
Re iews by 363
P ozess Da ie ung Sei e
in o he so-called "new high
Diph hongiza ion o mhd. I 's called
Ba a ian iu […] Donau aum […]
Ge man" al eady om he
"Jhs". s a ing om he Middle
2nd. Qua e o he 12 h. This is 70 .
3. The Second Pa o he Book
3.1. S uc u al ea u es
The second pa o he book (S. 99[…]218) comp ises he name ca alogues
a anged by egion (Südbaye n: G eule; Aus ia: Wiesinge ) (whe e he names
o he co esponding c oss- e e ences we e numbe ed): 175 names in
ancien Romanesque adi ion (S. 99[…]188, 73 Romanesque-Ge man mixed names
(S. 186[…]203), 20 Walchen names (i.e. wi h he componen […]211). This is ollowed
walch- ‘Romane’ komponie e Namen; S. 203–208), 15 Pa schalken-Namen (S.
by a lis o he Romanesque-Ge manic names o be excluded (S. 213 […] 218; only
wi h max. wo-line commen s on he e ymology), i.e. such names ha we e
o me ly conside ed mixed names, bu a e now explained di e en ly.
Nine mo e maps (on he unpagina ed pages 221229) a e hen a ached, page 54,
anno a ion. 64 he eade lea ns ha he ca ds 6[…]9 (also S. 226[…]229) a e aken
om Wiesinge 1994. This is no men ioned in he map pa i sel . The book
concludes wi h a lis o abb e ia ions (p. 231) and a lis o li e a u e (p. 233 […] 246)
as well as a egis e o he names deal wi h o Romanesque-Ancien , mixed
o igin, he Walchen and Pa schalken names (247 […] 250 [ wo-column]).
3.2. On he Indo-Ge manic used in he book and he spelling o he econs uc ions
The second main pa is he mo e p oblema ic pa o he book. He e he
indi idual names a e discussed and also e ymologically analyzed. A selec ion o
e idence is o e ed (p e e ably he olde ones, o cou se), ollowed by he
e ymology. These name a icles can be a ew lines long, bu qui e o en o e hal
a page o G eule and o e a page o Wiesinge . This leads o a ce ain imbalance
in he
HARALD BICHLMEIER
364 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
P esen a ion, since Wiesinge also includes much mo e his o ical and geog aphical
in o ma ion in his name a icles han G eule does. A discussion o di e ing
opinions on a name usually does no ake place, some imes wo possibili ies a e
ci ed, his is p obably somewha mo e common in Wiesinge 's name a icles han in
G eule's a icles. Ano he di e ence be ween he wo au ho s is ha Wiesinge
seems o be e en less able han G eule o co ec ly apply he me hods and
spellings o Indo-Ge manic ha ha e been common o hal a cen u y. Wiesinge 's
app oaches wi h wo owels, such as […]idg, a e almos en i ely un e lec ed om
he IEW. *bhe em- (p. 129), he aspi a ion is (as in he jus -men ioned example)
p ac ically no ele a ed (o he wise mos ly in G eule), he same applies o he
labialized seconda y a icula ion (ibid: […]*g[…] em-[…] ins ead o co ec *g[…] em-
[…] he e he IEW is hus mis ep esen ed). Wha is s iking is he lack o uni o mi y
ha a ises om he ac ha some imes ins ead o *[…] o *[…], which is mo e
common in he Anglophone a ea, he spelling is used wi h *w o *w, see o example
he a icle on Lech: […]idg. I 's called a "mois u ize ". *wleikw- […]mois ening […] (S.
107; G eule) and he like. I is no only such inconsis encies ha would ha e made a
e-examina ion o he book (by bo h au ho s) desi able.
F om an Indo-Ge manic poin o iew, i should be no ed ha Ge manic name
esea ch has igno ed he cu en s a e o knowledge o Indo-Ge manic o
decades and has ac ually only begun o un a el g adually o well o e a decade.
I should be no ed he e ha he places o wo k o he wo au ho s, Vienna and
Regensbu g, as well as hose o Jochem Schindle and Ge Klingenschmi , wo
g ea igu es o Indo-Ge man s udies, who ha e signi ican ly ad anced he
subjec and ha e al eady wo ked consis en ly and exclusi ely wi h he
phonological sys em since he 1970s, which is also used in LIV2 and NIL.
I should also be no ed ha om a Ge manic poin o iew (no only in he ield o
nomencla u e, bu in gene al in he his o ical linguis ics o [old] Ge manic
languages) no only mode n Indo-Ge manic s udies ha e no been o will no be
ecei ed as much as possible (no e en once, i hey explici ly conce n Ge manic,
such as Mülle 2007 o EWAhd and EDPG), bu also ha he impo an s udies on
Kel ology o he Ba a ian-Aus ian a ea, including hose in F ench and English,
a e p ac ically no included in he esea ch p esen ed he e (in ci ed indi idual).
The e a e gaps in he p esen book (as well as in he DGNB and in

Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum
Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach-
wissenscha und Namen o schung
Recenzijos Re iews many o he wo ks o he wo au ho s, such as he (al hough
pa ly p oblema ic bu s ill undamen al) wo ks o Delama e (2007, 2017, 2012,
DLG2, DLG3, DTNG [The la e could no ha e been ecei ed in bo h wo ks, o
cou se, since olume 1 was only published in 2019]), as well as hose o Falileye
(Falileye , Gohil, 2010; Falileye , 2013, 2014), Repe , 2003, McCone, 1996, Repanšek,
Sims, Wa d-Williams, Raybould, Lamb-Williams, 2007, 2009, Zai 2012 e c., as well as he
LEIA as To so, he oldes bu so a mos ho ough e ymological dic iona y o a
Cel ic language. Anyway, in he bibliog aphy o he p e ious book, only IEW, LIV2 and
NIL appea as e ymologics, which is comple ely inadequa e in iew o he nume ous
hen also a gumen a i ely used wo ds om di e en languages. Pa icula ly
se ious is he ac ha , despi e he many Cel ic app oaches, nei he ACS
[Holde ], no LEIA o EDPC (le alone he wo ks o Delama e, Lambe o Repanšek)
ha e been ci ed. Some imes i would ha e been wo hwhile o ake a look a he
EWAhd o he EDPG.
Since his has been he case o a long ime, his leads o he ac ha some imes
in Ge manic linguis ics (o nomencla u e) and Kel ology di e en a angemen s o
he same name ha e exis ed side by side o pa o a decade, wi hou a discussion
aking place: he name o he Isa abou Kel has been conside ed Cel ic o a
leas a cen u y1 (and acco ding o clea c i e ia i is also ce ain; see Bichlmeie
2016) […] he e i is again as […]idg.- s.p .[…] o. classi ied. In addi ion, his book also
shows ha he scien i ic opinion on he indi idual names is a om as unanimous
as is sugges ed he e: he same p oblem was al eady o be no ed wi h ega d o
he DGNB (see Bichlmeie 2015, 2015a). Fo he p esen book, which is now ce ainly
o be discussed. The book would ha e been a majo winne and could hus ha e
become a handbook o p e-Ge man names in (Sou h) Ba a ia and (Cen al) Aus ia.
wenige Pla zbesch änkungen un e lag als das DGNB, wä e es unschwe mög-
lich gewesen, zumindes die gesam e ele an e Li e a u zu den einzelnen Na-
men zu ezipie en und auch un e schiedliche Vo schläge zu E ymologie ku z
Howe e , his oppo uni y was missed because he li e a u e o he las wo
decades, which o e ed new insigh s (i.e. e ymologies) and p o ided clues, was no
consis en ly ecei ed. The
1 C . o example Poko ny 1914: 293, whe e he e e s o he Ba a ian Isa as Cel ic o DLG2 191,
Falileye , Gohil, Wa d 2010: 136; Delama e 2012: 165; DLG3 192; DTNG 1: 390, whe e *isa ā is also o
cou se conside ed Cel ic. […] Bo h posi ions a e e e ed o by Bach 1954: 21 ., wi hou a
o make a decision.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
366 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
The ecep ion o hese wo ks published in qui e common se ies and jou nals ( he e
a e ce ainly h ee dozen i les by a ious au ho s in o al) could ha e helped in
many cases o a oid he ep in ing o ou da ed o e en pa ially alse impossible
solu ions o , in he case o a p esen a ion co esponding o he cus oms o
science, o ejec hem. Las bu no leas , as a esul o he non- ecep ion o
pa s o con empo a y scien i ic li e a u e, he e is a ce ain endency owa ds
au ho - e e en iali y in ela ion o he ci ed li e a u e in he name a icles
(G eule some imes ci es only himsel , Wiesinge p e e s himsel ), a equen ly
ci ed au ho is besides ( o Ba a ia) s ill Rei zens ein (especially Rei zens ein 2006
[in he case o Al baye ns], 1991 [in he case o Ba a ian Schwabens], occasionally
also Rei zens ein). G eule is gene ally mo e h i y wi h li e a u e, he a ely
quo es mo e han h ee i les, Wiesinge , on he o he hand, on a e age wice as
many, as well as Wiesinge 's name a icles in o al a e on a e age signi ican ly
longe , as hey o en s ill o e some hing o he his o y o he named objec
(See also oo no e).
To demons a e hese indings on selec ed examples would go oo a and
unde mine he scope o his magazine. Re e ence should be made he e o he
de ailed p esen a ion in Bichlmeie 2020, whe e all his is explained in de ail in o e
h ee dozen examples.
O e all, he pic u e is as ollows: The i s pa o he book is as con incing
- albei lacking in li e a u e - as he second pa wi h he i le a icles. The
Na-
mena ikel zeichnen sich übe wei e S ecken du ch olgende Me kmale aus:
• Rega ding he ansc ip ion used in (o iginal) Indo-Ge manic
Rekons uk e (*w s. *ṷ, *bh- s. *bh- e c.) sind sie uneinhei lich.
• Rele an li e a u e o he las wo decades is no ci ed (al hough some imes
he imp ession is c ea ed ha i has been ead) and he e o e does no appea
in he li e a u e di ec o y. A o al o h ee dozen i les by se e al au ho s
would ce ainly ha e o be ca ied o e . F om he non- ecep ion o his z.T. In
he end, i ollows ha he book as a whole a ely exceeds he le el o
knowledge o he yea 2000, p ac ically ne e exceeds ha o 2010.
• The li e a u e gi en, especially in he second pa , is s ongly
au o e e en ial, especially wi h ega d o wa e names. Li e a u e no
o igina ing om he wo au ho s is unlikely o make up hal , so ha he
eade may ge he alse imp ession ha he e ymologies could come om
hose au ho s ci ed, which hey do no .
Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum
Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach-
wissenscha und Namen o schung
Re iews 367 bu usually don' do. In any case, he "disco e e s" o he
espec i e e ymologies a e no speci ically named, some imes he solu ion
is al eady a
I 's a cen u y old.
• Only in isola ed cases a e compe ing p oposals men ioned once, and
hese a e a ely discussed. Bu mos o he ime only one solu ion is
gi en, no always he co ec one (acco ding o gene al opinion o
linguis ic insigh ).
• Consequen ly, in many cases, a long-ou da ed o long-o e looked e ymology
is o e ed, and he solu ions o e ed a e o en a s ep backwa ds om wha
has al eady been achie ed, some imes e en om wha he wo au ho s had
al eady w i en in hei own ci ed li e a u e.
• Se e al imes, wi hou discussion, a solu ion is o e ed as he only one ha
does no appea in he li e a u e ci ed o he espec i e name, so he ci ed
li e a u e does no necessa ily suppo he p esen ed one
The e ymology.
I is good ha he abs use hesis o a (linguis ic) Romanesque o igin o he Ba a ians has been
e u ed and ha he en i e (la gely) p e-Ge man name easu e o Old Ba a ia and Cen al
Aus ia has now been b ough oge he in a compila ion […] as a handbook o he e ymologies o
hese names is he. The a emp o include mode n Indo-Ge manic in he desc ip ion and E als
das We k indes nich b auchba : Zwa sind wohl die äl es en Belege alle angege-
ben, die E ymologien können abe – ge ade wenn es sich um kel ische ode ga
o kel ische Bildungen handel – nich du chweg als zu e end beu eil we -
ailed o be conside ed. In his espec , he book is a ypical ep esen a i e o he wo ks on he
klä ung de Namen mi einzubeziehen is zwa lobenswe , muss abe le z lich
oldes names in (Cen al) Eu ope by au ho s wi h he subjec o non-adequa e Indo-Ge manic
knowledge. The elabo a ion o his ancien easu e o e o names o Cen al Eu ope in i s
en i e y on a well- ounded Indo-Ge manic basis he e o e emains a desi ed goal. Howe e ,
al hough i is o en no ecei ed o unde s ood on he Ge manis side, i occu s name a e
name in loose sequence in a icles in magazines and collec ions. 2 Re e ence should be made o
he absence o a icles o (Bad) Ischl, Ille , Ilz, Vils Fils, o he names may be missing.
HARALD BICHLMEIER
368 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
LITERATUR
1. WÖRTERBÜCHER
ACS – Holde Al ed 1896, 1904, 1907: Al -cel ische Sp achscha z. 3 Bde., Leipzig:
Teubne .
Delama e Xa ie 2007: Noms de pe sonnes cel iques dans l’épig aphie classique. No-
mina Cel ica an iqua selec a insc ip ionum, Pa is: Edi ion E ance.
Delama e Xa ie 2012: Noms de lieux cel iques de l’Eu ope ancienne. (– 500 / +
500). Dic ionnai e. (Collec ion les Hespe ides), Pa is: Édi ions E ance.
DGNB – G eule Alb ech 2014: Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie de Gewäs-
se namen und de zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen. Un e Mi a bei on
S. Hackl-Rößle , Be lin, Bos on: de G uy e .
DLG² – Delama e Xa ie 2003: Dic ionnai e de la langue gauloise. Une app oche lingu-
is ique du ieux-cel ique con inen al, P é ace P.-Y. Lambe , 2e édi ion e ue e ès aug-
men ée, Pa is: Edi ion E ance.
DLG³ – Delama e Xa ie 2018: Dic ionnai e de la langue gauloise. Une app oche lingu-
is ique du ieux-cel ique con inen al, P é ace P.-Y. Lambe , T oisième édi ion, Pa is:
Edi ion E ance.
DONB – Niemeye Man ed (H sg.) 2012: Deu sches O snamenbuch, Be lin, Bos on:
de G uy e .
DTNG – Delama e Xa ie 2019–2021: Dic ionnai e des hèmes nominaux du gaulois. A
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