Peter Wiesinger Albrecht Greule. „Baiern und Romanen. Zum Verhältnis der frühmittelalterlichen Ethnien aus der Sicht der Sprachwissenschaft und Namenforschung“

360 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII HARALD BICHLMEIER Sächsische Akademie de Wissenscha en zu Leipzig Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g esea ch a eas: oponomas ics (Ge man, Cel ic), Al i anis ics, Mykenology, Indoge manis ics, and E ymology. I is also known as he "Al i anis ics" o "Indoge manism". I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . This is Pe e Wiesinge , Alb ech G eule. Ba a ia and he Romans. Fo he eco d, F esh o chilled E hnici ies in Sigh Linguis ics and Name esea ch Ca og aphy by Michael Sche bäck. Tübingen: Na F ancke A emp o, 2019, which has 250 pages. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This is he i s ime ha I ha e been able o do so. The oponomas ics o he olde linguis ic s a a o (Cen al) Eu ope has no been sys ema ically and especially sys ema ically s udied since he Indo-Ge manic pe iod. ba ely examined in monog aphs. Excep ions a e indi idual wo ks such as Scheung abe , G ünzweig (2014), which, howe e , o e long dis ances, p ima ily summa ize only he exis ing s a e o knowledge wi hou eally deli e ing new esul s. The sys ema ic examina ion o his language ma e ial a he cu en s a e o Indo-Ge man s udies is he e o e s ill a desi able pa o esea ch. La ge in es iga ions ound, among o he hings, Ins ead, i is he Cel ic onymic ma e ial ha is p obably he bes s udied (Falileye , Gohil, Wa d 2010; An ei e 1996, 2016; Sims-Williams 2006; Raybould, Sims-Williams 2007[…]2009 as well as nume ous o he s udies on pe sonal names, such as Meid 2005). A he cu en Indo-Ge manic le el, acco ding o his own s a emen , nis en was w i en p ima ily o e u e a (so a Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach- wissenscha und Namen o schung Recenzijos Re iews 361 also examines he ancien names o Pannonia by An ei e (2001). Wi h ega d o wa e names, he DGNB (2014), which, despi e i s weaknesses in de ail and i s excessi e b e i y (see Bichlmeie 2015, 2015a), can be conside ed a wo k ha p o ides a good o e iew. F om his pe spec i e, he DONB (2012) is less success ul, which is also due o he excessi e b e i y o he a icles and, mo eo e , o he echnical dispa i y o he almos 90 edi o s o he a icles. 1. Gene al abou he book Das hie o zus ellende Gemeinscha swe k de beiden bekann en Ge ma- unknown o Rez. and p obably no longe ele an o a leas a decade) hypo- hesis, which seems o ha e been pa icula ly widesp ead in a chaeological ci cles a ound ha ime and a e he yea 2000: ha he Baie s we e ul ima ely o Roman o igin (S. […] 25, 21). Like he wo au ho s, i seems o he Rez. The ac ha Ba a ian is a a ie y o Ge man, i.e. ha Ge man is spoken p ima ily in Ba a ia and Aus ia, makes i unclea how his iew can be eached. The i s pa o he book deals wi h his heo y o a chaeologis s and clea ly e u es i . A e a esea ch o e iew, he Ba a ian language his o y and hus also he his o y o name in eg a es in o Ba a ian is p esen ed in an exempla y, al hough some imes qui e condensed way. I is eg e able ha , in hei en i e y, he ce ainly consis en ly co ec ime da a o he ope a ion o , o example, he i s and second sound shi s, i-umlau , a-umlau , younge monoph honga ion and diph honga ion p ocesses, e c., a e la gely p o ided wi hou e e ence o u he li e a u e. Fo eade s less amilia wi h he subjec , he imp ession may some imes be ha i has o do wi h newly acqui ed knowledge om he au ho (Wiesinge ). O cou se, his is a ely he case. The con en s o he book wi h ega d o he da ing o he phone ic p ocesses in Ge manic-Ge manic a e compiled he e in abula o m, he eby also making he occasional di e en da es isible: HARALD BICHLMEIER 362 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) P ozess Da ie ung Sei e Expulsion om he p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e Well, a he la es a ound A.D. Gi e i o me. 61 hou s. *a in he onic comple ed […] […]den a ound Ch . Gi e i o me. Execu ed 84 ge ms. Sound change om o […] a[…] e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- Expulsion om he p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p - p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e * o > a e he 1s Jh. I 's no . Wha do you mean? 61 hou s. * in he composi ion ugue (Cha io alda by Taci us) o he name o he o e unne . I 's called u ge m. A he la es on he 1s . Jh. N. o Ch . 61 comple ed olde i-umlau u ge m. *e> i[…] om he 2nd Jh. n. Ch . […], […]comple ed a ound 600 62[…] F om abou 150 o a mos he 7 h. Jh. 124 olde ac s e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-p e-- 700 o 95 be o e he end o o he 2nd Sound shi […] a-Umlau *i > *e 2. Jh. n. Ch . bis 600 (gleichzei ig mi dem i-Umlau ) „ on e wa 150 bis längs ens 700“ 62 95 agains 600 inse ing […], […] a e 565 inse ing […] 60, a he ea lies 49, 55, ( , p, k 63, k only in e ocally) 64 App oxi- Comple ed no la e > ss/z, /p , <ch> [χχ] (i.e. ma ely. 600–650“ 65 han 650 […] 66 Phase wo o phase > (b) wo. Sound shi (d) a App oxi- he la es 1. H. o he 8. Jh.s 62, 64 ma ely 700–760“ 65 Phase 3 o phase 2. Sound shi > p) Bai , alem. Wha a e you (b […] app oxima ely 740 o 780 […] 64, 66 alking abou ? > […]<ch> k[kχ] in 65 Anlau , in he gemina ion, a e / The nose. […]app oxima ely 740 o 780[…] Phase ou o > k) […] phase wo. Sound abou 760 shi (g2. H. o he 8. Jh.s 62 o be o e 800 […] 65, 66 Li ing o > u_NK 2. H. o he 8. Jh.s 62 younge i-umlau 2. H. and 8. o […] om he 9 h Jh. un il la e. Time he wel h cen u y. Jh. 67 […] 69 126 o he 11 h. Jhs. Accen shi o he […] un il i s syllables a in eg a ion Old High Ge man he middle o he 11 h. Jhs. 70 Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach- wissenscha und Namen o schung Re iews by 363 P ozess Da ie ung Sei e in o he so-called "new high Diph hongiza ion o mhd. I 's called Ba a ian iu […] Donau aum […] Ge man" al eady om he "Jhs". s a ing om he Middle 2nd. Qua e o he 12 h. This is 70 . 3. The Second Pa o he Book 3.1. S uc u al ea u es The second pa o he book (S. 99[…]218) comp ises he name ca alogues a anged by egion (Südbaye n: G eule; Aus ia: Wiesinge ) (whe e he names o he co esponding c oss- e e ences we e numbe ed): 175 names in ancien Romanesque adi ion (S. 99[…]188, 73 Romanesque-Ge man mixed names (S. 186[…]203), 20 Walchen names (i.e. wi h he componen […]211). This is ollowed walch- ‘Romane’ komponie e Namen; S. 203–208), 15 Pa schalken-Namen (S. by a lis o he Romanesque-Ge manic names o be excluded (S. 213 […] 218; only wi h max. wo-line commen s on he e ymology), i.e. such names ha we e o me ly conside ed mixed names, bu a e now explained di e en ly. Nine mo e maps (on he unpagina ed pages 221229) a e hen a ached, page 54, anno a ion. 64 he eade lea ns ha he ca ds 6[…]9 (also S. 226[…]229) a e aken om Wiesinge 1994. This is no men ioned in he map pa i sel . The book concludes wi h a lis o abb e ia ions (p. 231) and a lis o li e a u e (p. 233 […] 246) as well as a egis e o he names deal wi h o Romanesque-Ancien , mixed o igin, he Walchen and Pa schalken names (247 […] 250 [ wo-column]). 3.2. On he Indo-Ge manic used in he book and he spelling o he econs uc ions The second main pa is he mo e p oblema ic pa o he book. He e he indi idual names a e discussed and also e ymologically analyzed. A selec ion o e idence is o e ed (p e e ably he olde ones, o cou se), ollowed by he e ymology. These name a icles can be a ew lines long, bu qui e o en o e hal a page o G eule and o e a page o Wiesinge . This leads o a ce ain imbalance in he HARALD BICHLMEIER 364 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) P esen a ion, since Wiesinge also includes much mo e his o ical and geog aphical in o ma ion in his name a icles han G eule does. A discussion o di e ing opinions on a name usually does no ake place, some imes wo possibili ies a e ci ed, his is p obably somewha mo e common in Wiesinge 's name a icles han in G eule's a icles. Ano he di e ence be ween he wo au ho s is ha Wiesinge seems o be e en less able han G eule o co ec ly apply he me hods and spellings o Indo-Ge manic ha ha e been common o hal a cen u y. Wiesinge 's app oaches wi h wo owels, such as […]idg, a e almos en i ely un e lec ed om he IEW. *bhe em- (p. 129), he aspi a ion is (as in he jus -men ioned example) p ac ically no ele a ed (o he wise mos ly in G eule), he same applies o he labialized seconda y a icula ion (ibid: […]*g[…] em-[…] ins ead o co ec *g[…] em- […] he e he IEW is hus mis ep esen ed). Wha is s iking is he lack o uni o mi y ha a ises om he ac ha some imes ins ead o *[…] o *[…], which is mo e common in he Anglophone a ea, he spelling is used wi h *w o *w, see o example he a icle on Lech: […]idg. I 's called a "mois u ize ". *wleikw- […]mois ening […] (S. 107; G eule) and he like. I is no only such inconsis encies ha would ha e made a e-examina ion o he book (by bo h au ho s) desi able. F om an Indo-Ge manic poin o iew, i should be no ed ha Ge manic name esea ch has igno ed he cu en s a e o knowledge o Indo-Ge manic o decades and has ac ually only begun o un a el g adually o well o e a decade. I should be no ed he e ha he places o wo k o he wo au ho s, Vienna and Regensbu g, as well as hose o Jochem Schindle and Ge Klingenschmi , wo g ea igu es o Indo-Ge man s udies, who ha e signi ican ly ad anced he subjec and ha e al eady wo ked consis en ly and exclusi ely wi h he phonological sys em since he 1970s, which is also used in LIV2 and NIL. I should also be no ed ha om a Ge manic poin o iew (no only in he ield o nomencla u e, bu in gene al in he his o ical linguis ics o [old] Ge manic languages) no only mode n Indo-Ge manic s udies ha e no been o will no be ecei ed as much as possible (no e en once, i hey explici ly conce n Ge manic, such as Mülle 2007 o EWAhd and EDPG), bu also ha he impo an s udies on Kel ology o he Ba a ian-Aus ian a ea, including hose in F ench and English, a e p ac ically no included in he esea ch p esen ed he e (in ci ed indi idual). The e a e gaps in he p esen book (as well as in he DGNB and in Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach- wissenscha und Namen o schung Recenzijos Re iews many o he wo ks o he wo au ho s, such as he (al hough pa ly p oblema ic bu s ill undamen al) wo ks o Delama e (2007, 2017, 2012, DLG2, DLG3, DTNG [The la e could no ha e been ecei ed in bo h wo ks, o cou se, since olume 1 was only published in 2019]), as well as hose o Falileye (Falileye , Gohil, 2010; Falileye , 2013, 2014), Repe , 2003, McCone, 1996, Repanšek, Sims, Wa d-Williams, Raybould, Lamb-Williams, 2007, 2009, Zai 2012 e c., as well as he LEIA as To so, he oldes bu so a mos ho ough e ymological dic iona y o a Cel ic language. Anyway, in he bibliog aphy o he p e ious book, only IEW, LIV2 and NIL appea as e ymologics, which is comple ely inadequa e in iew o he nume ous hen also a gumen a i ely used wo ds om di e en languages. Pa icula ly se ious is he ac ha , despi e he many Cel ic app oaches, nei he ACS [Holde ], no LEIA o EDPC (le alone he wo ks o Delama e, Lambe o Repanšek) ha e been ci ed. Some imes i would ha e been wo hwhile o ake a look a he EWAhd o he EDPG. Since his has been he case o a long ime, his leads o he ac ha some imes in Ge manic linguis ics (o nomencla u e) and Kel ology di e en a angemen s o he same name ha e exis ed side by side o pa o a decade, wi hou a discussion aking place: he name o he Isa abou Kel has been conside ed Cel ic o a leas a cen u y1 (and acco ding o clea c i e ia i is also ce ain; see Bichlmeie 2016) […] he e i is again as […]idg.- s.p .[…] o. classi ied. In addi ion, his book also shows ha he scien i ic opinion on he indi idual names is a om as unanimous as is sugges ed he e: he same p oblem was al eady o be no ed wi h ega d o he DGNB (see Bichlmeie 2015, 2015a). Fo he p esen book, which is now ce ainly o be discussed. The book would ha e been a majo winne and could hus ha e become a handbook o p e-Ge man names in (Sou h) Ba a ia and (Cen al) Aus ia. wenige Pla zbesch änkungen un e lag als das DGNB, wä e es unschwe mög- lich gewesen, zumindes die gesam e ele an e Li e a u zu den einzelnen Na- men zu ezipie en und auch un e schiedliche Vo schläge zu E ymologie ku z Howe e , his oppo uni y was missed because he li e a u e o he las wo decades, which o e ed new insigh s (i.e. e ymologies) and p o ided clues, was no consis en ly ecei ed. The 1 C . o example Poko ny 1914: 293, whe e he e e s o he Ba a ian Isa as Cel ic o DLG2 191, Falileye , Gohil, Wa d 2010: 136; Delama e 2012: 165; DLG3 192; DTNG 1: 390, whe e *isa ā is also o cou se conside ed Cel ic. […] Bo h posi ions a e e e ed o by Bach 1954: 21 ., wi hou a o make a decision. HARALD BICHLMEIER 366 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) The ecep ion o hese wo ks published in qui e common se ies and jou nals ( he e a e ce ainly h ee dozen i les by a ious au ho s in o al) could ha e helped in many cases o a oid he ep in ing o ou da ed o e en pa ially alse impossible solu ions o , in he case o a p esen a ion co esponding o he cus oms o science, o ejec hem. Las bu no leas , as a esul o he non- ecep ion o pa s o con empo a y scien i ic li e a u e, he e is a ce ain endency owa ds au ho - e e en iali y in ela ion o he ci ed li e a u e in he name a icles (G eule some imes ci es only himsel , Wiesinge p e e s himsel ), a equen ly ci ed au ho is besides ( o Ba a ia) s ill Rei zens ein (especially Rei zens ein 2006 [in he case o Al baye ns], 1991 [in he case o Ba a ian Schwabens], occasionally also Rei zens ein). G eule is gene ally mo e h i y wi h li e a u e, he a ely quo es mo e han h ee i les, Wiesinge , on he o he hand, on a e age wice as many, as well as Wiesinge 's name a icles in o al a e on a e age signi ican ly longe , as hey o en s ill o e some hing o he his o y o he named objec (See also oo no e). To demons a e hese indings on selec ed examples would go oo a and unde mine he scope o his magazine. Re e ence should be made he e o he de ailed p esen a ion in Bichlmeie 2020, whe e all his is explained in de ail in o e h ee dozen examples. O e all, he pic u e is as ollows: The i s pa o he book is as con incing - albei lacking in li e a u e - as he second pa wi h he i le a icles. The Na- mena ikel zeichnen sich übe wei e S ecken du ch olgende Me kmale aus: • Rega ding he ansc ip ion used in (o iginal) Indo-Ge manic Rekons uk e (*w s. *ṷ, *bh- s. *bh- e c.) sind sie uneinhei lich. • Rele an li e a u e o he las wo decades is no ci ed (al hough some imes he imp ession is c ea ed ha i has been ead) and he e o e does no appea in he li e a u e di ec o y. A o al o h ee dozen i les by se e al au ho s would ce ainly ha e o be ca ied o e . F om he non- ecep ion o his z.T. In he end, i ollows ha he book as a whole a ely exceeds he le el o knowledge o he yea 2000, p ac ically ne e exceeds ha o 2010. • The li e a u e gi en, especially in he second pa , is s ongly au o e e en ial, especially wi h ega d o wa e names. Li e a u e no o igina ing om he wo au ho s is unlikely o make up hal , so ha he eade may ge he alse imp ession ha he e ymologies could come om hose au ho s ci ed, which hey do no . Pe e Wiesinge Alb ech G eule. Baie n und Romanen. Zum Ve häl nis de ühmi elal e lichen E hnien aus de Sich de Sp ach- wissenscha und Namen o schung Re iews 367 bu usually don' do. In any case, he "disco e e s" o he espec i e e ymologies a e no speci ically named, some imes he solu ion is al eady a I 's a cen u y old. • Only in isola ed cases a e compe ing p oposals men ioned once, and hese a e a ely discussed. Bu mos o he ime only one solu ion is gi en, no always he co ec one (acco ding o gene al opinion o linguis ic insigh ). • Consequen ly, in many cases, a long-ou da ed o long-o e looked e ymology is o e ed, and he solu ions o e ed a e o en a s ep backwa ds om wha has al eady been achie ed, some imes e en om wha he wo au ho s had al eady w i en in hei own ci ed li e a u e. • Se e al imes, wi hou discussion, a solu ion is o e ed as he only one ha does no appea in he li e a u e ci ed o he espec i e name, so he ci ed li e a u e does no necessa ily suppo he p esen ed one The e ymology. I is good ha he abs use hesis o a (linguis ic) Romanesque o igin o he Ba a ians has been e u ed and ha he en i e (la gely) p e-Ge man name easu e o Old Ba a ia and Cen al Aus ia has now been b ough oge he in a compila ion […] as a handbook o he e ymologies o hese names is he. The a emp o include mode n Indo-Ge manic in he desc ip ion and E als das We k indes nich b auchba : Zwa sind wohl die äl es en Belege alle angege- ben, die E ymologien können abe – ge ade wenn es sich um kel ische ode ga o kel ische Bildungen handel – nich du chweg als zu e end beu eil we - ailed o be conside ed. In his espec , he book is a ypical ep esen a i e o he wo ks on he klä ung de Namen mi einzubeziehen is zwa lobenswe , muss abe le z lich oldes names in (Cen al) Eu ope by au ho s wi h he subjec o non-adequa e Indo-Ge manic knowledge. The elabo a ion o his ancien easu e o e o names o Cen al Eu ope in i s en i e y on a well- ounded Indo-Ge manic basis he e o e emains a desi ed goal. Howe e , al hough i is o en no ecei ed o unde s ood on he Ge manis side, i occu s name a e name in loose sequence in a icles in magazines and collec ions. 2 Re e ence should be made o he absence o a icles o (Bad) Ischl, Ille , Ilz, Vils Fils, o he names may be missing. HARALD BICHLMEIER 368 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) LITERATUR 1. WÖRTERBÜCHER ACS – Holde Al ed 1896, 1904, 1907: Al -cel ische Sp achscha z. 3 Bde., Leipzig: Teubne . Delama e Xa ie 2007: Noms de pe sonnes cel iques dans l’épig aphie classique. No- mina Cel ica an iqua selec a insc ip ionum, Pa is: Edi ion E ance. Delama e Xa ie 2012: Noms de lieux cel iques de l’Eu ope ancienne. (– 500 / + 500). Dic ionnai e. (Collec ion les Hespe ides), Pa is: Édi ions E ance. DGNB – G eule Alb ech 2014: Deu sches Gewässe namenbuch. E ymologie de Gewäs- se namen und de zugehö igen Gebie s-, Siedlungs- und Flu namen. Un e Mi a bei on S. Hackl-Rößle , Be lin, Bos on: de G uy e . DLG² – Delama e Xa ie 2003: Dic ionnai e de la langue gauloise. Une app oche lingu- is ique du ieux-cel ique con inen al, P é ace P.-Y. Lambe , 2e édi ion e ue e ès aug- men ée, Pa is: Edi ion E ance. DLG³ – Delama e Xa ie 2018: Dic ionnai e de la langue gauloise. Une app oche lingu- is ique du ieux-cel ique con inen al, P é ace P.-Y. Lambe , T oisième édi ion, Pa is: Edi ion E ance. DONB – Niemeye Man ed (H sg.) 2012: Deu sches O snamenbuch, Be lin, Bos on: de G uy e . DTNG – Delama e Xa ie 2019–2021: Dic ionnai e des hèmes nominaux du gaulois. A Dic iona y o Gaulish Nominal S ems, Volume I: Ab-/Iχs(o)-, Volume II: Lab-/Uχs-pe o- (Collec ion Linguis ique 5, 6), Pa is: Édi ions Les Cen Chemins. EDPC – Ma aso ić Ranko 2009: An E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Cel ic. (Leiden In- do-Eu opean E ymological Dic iona y Se ies 9), Leiden, Bos on: B ill. EDPG – K oonen Guus 2013: E ymological Dic iona y o P o o-Ge manic. (Leiden In- do-Eu opean E ymological Dic iona y Se ies 11), Leiden, Bos on: B ill. EWAhd – E ymologisches Wö e buch des Al hochdeu schen. Band I: -a – bezzis o, on Albe L. Lloyd und O o Sp inge , Gö ingen, Zü ich: Vandenhoeck and Rup ech , 1988. Volume II: bī […] ezzo, by Albe L. Lloyd, Rosema ie Lüh and O o Sp inge […] wi h he pa icipa ion o Ka en R. Pu dy, Gö ingen, Zu ich: Vandenhoeck and Rup ech , 1998.