132 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII
DARIUS IVOŠKA
Ins i u ü li auische Sp ache
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0003-3898-0000 Scien i ic
esea ch di ec ions: Onomas ics, Bal ic-Sla ic-Ge man
language con ac s. This is a lis o scien i ic di ec ions in he ield o onomas ics.
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
To he ques ion o he Bal ics
NAMES o he a ea
RAGNIT and TILSIT in he
DOCUMENTS o he
14.–15. Hund eds o yea s
Dėl bal iškų Ragainės i Tilžės s i ies ik inių
a dų XIV–XV a. O dino dokumen uose
The anno a ion
This essay deals wi h he main poin s o he p ope names o wo selec ed a eas o P ussian
Li huania, Ragni and Tilsi . The s a ing poin o he wo k was he esea ch o he Bal ic
people and, whe e app op ia e, also o place names, wi h pa icula e e ence o hei possible
p e iously unknown men ions and e ymology. In he cou se o he analysis o he empi ical
ma e ial, he p ojec had o be ex ended by dealing wi h he esea ch p oblem o his o ical
p ope names in gene al. The ea e , an a emp was made o add ess he issues o he scope
o esea ch on his o ical p ope names, objec i es, selec ion and de e mina ion o
app op ia e esea ch sou ces and esea ch ma e ial, among o he s. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER:
his o ical onomas ics, his o ical p ope names, and o de s.
The anno a ion
The a icle examines p ope names in wo selec ed a eas o P ussian Li huania, i.e. Ragainė and
Tilžė. The p ima y aim and objec i e o he esea ch was o examine pe sonal names as well as
place names (in case any would ha e been iden i ied in he cou se o he esea ch) wi h key
S aipsniai A icles 133 and 133
Zu F age de bal ischen Eigennamen des Gebie es Ragni und
Tilsi in den O densdokumen en des 14.–15. Jah hunde s
ocus exclusi ely on hei possibly unknown men ions and e ymology. Howe e , in he cou se o
he esea ch, he aims and objec i es had o be expanded by supplemen ing hem wi h an
a emp o answe ques ions ela ed o he p oblems o his o ical onomas ics in a b oad
sense, i s esea ch scope, main objec i es, he selec ion o app op ia e esea ch sou ces and
ma e ials, e c.
KEYWORDS: His o ical Onomas ics, his o ical p ope names, Ge man O de
olios.
1. In oduc ion, objec i es and selec ion
DES FORSCHUNGSGEGENSTANDES
The s udy o Bal ic his o ical p ope names has de eloped o e he pas cen u ies a con iden ial
adi ion based on a well-s uc u ed me hodology. Many undamen al esea ches ha e been ca ied
ou and nume ous wo ks ha e been w i en1. In es iga ions in o Bal ic his o ical p ope names
con inue oday and in some espec s a e easie han be o e. The ee access o he a ailable
his o ical documen s in he a chi es and lib a ies as well as online, he unde lying wo ks o he
p edecesso s, he be e p ocessing possibili ies o empi ical ma e ials h ough cu en
echnologies o m a o able ci cums ances o he cu en name esea che o wo k e icien ly.
The au ho o his a icle belongs o he gene a ion o namesake schola s who had allowed he
a o emen ioned ci cums ances, wi h he highes quali y sou ces o Bal ic his o ical p ope names 1
The i s a emp s o a ious schola s and ep esen a i es o di e en ields en husias ic abou
his o y and nomencla u e o egis e and in e p e p ope names, may be conside ed insu icien o
inadequa e om he poin o iew o mode n onomas ics, a e ne e heless o high alue. This is
especially ue o esea ch in o Bal ic and, in pa icula , P ussian place and pe sonal names. Speak o
he
Example by Caspa Hannenbe ge (1595: 156) in he 16 h cen u y. Jh. Popula in e p e a ions o some
se lemen names o he con o e sial "P ussian se lemen s wes o he Weichsel" published by
he Ka hause p ies Wilchelm Reinhold B aue s in 1983. The whole o he empi ical wo k p esen ed
eine e ymologischen Deu ung heima liche Flu namen“ (meh dazu s. I oška 2016: 213), wü -
by Geo g Ge ullis, Reinhold T au mann, Rozalia P zyby ek and G asilda Blažienė and hei wo ks, on
Ma e ial is abe soga ü die gegenwä ige Namenkunde in e essan und wich ig. Die Namen
William Pie son, Geo g Hein ich Fe dinand Nesselmann, Adalbe Bezzenbe ge , E ns Lewy,
which he whole o p esen -day Bal ic his o ical nomencla u e is based, need no in oduc ion and no
de ailed discussion he e.
DARIUS IVOŠKA
134 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII o be known. A e he ho ough bu s ill
un inished sea ch o he O de 's olio No. 105 (he eina e […] OF 105), om which
he disse a ion […]Bal ic p ope names in he documen s o he Ge man O de […]
had esul ed, o he impo an o de 's olio o Bal ic-his o ical onomas ics we e
also analyzed and he p oblem o Li huanian pe sonal names was deal wi h in some
con ibu ions and con e ences. In his a icle, he au ho has d awn a en ion o
ano he O de 's olio, No. 131 (he eina e e e ed o as […]Das g osse Zinsbuch
des deu schen Ri e o dens (1414[…]1438)[…] (he eina e e e ed o as […]GZB))
and e e ed o as he Basic Book o he Ge man O de in P o essional Li e a u e
(see Thielen 1958: XXXII). The OF 131 is a peculia egis e which can be di ided in o
wo pa s in subs an i e and ch onological e ms, he i s o which se es as a
manual o weapons, ood s ocks and o he i ems; The second pa con ains he
da a on he numbe o occupied and dese ed heaps in he p o incial owns, he
di ision o he ma king o Schulzen, K e schme , pa ishione s and
le gel en da und Auskün e übe die Höhe de Außens ände, die Zahl de
Diens e und bäue liche Hu en (Haken) in den landeshe lichen Dö e sowie
in e es -bea e s, he amoun and ype o in e es income, he legal s a us and
pe o mance s anda ds o he se ices, he s ockpiling and occupa ion o he
houses o he o de and he cou ya ds. I was es ablished by he Chancelle y o
he O de a he ime o he economic and poli ical c isis caused by he
capi ula o y de ea o he Ge man O de a Tannenbe g in he igh agains he
Li huanian-Polish o ces. The egis e had o se e as a s ic con ol and
esponsible collec ion o income and a eco d o deb s. Th ough he esponsible
managemen o inancial esou ces and o he asse s, he o de aimed a ebuilding
economic and mili a y powe . The di ec o ies o he OF 131 con ain nume ous place
names, including hose o he in e es -bea ing owns, illages and a ms, as well as
he pe sonal names o he owne s o in e es -bea ing p ope y: he K üge ,
Schulzen, landowne s, e c. The OF 131 also p o ides a weal h o e y impo an
in o ma ion on ag icul u al p ocesses, cul u al and social condi ions, li ing
condi ions and li es yle in P ussia in he 1s cen u y. Hal o he 15 h. Jhs., which
p o ide a meaning ul pic u e o he owne ship and legal ela ions o he en i e
O de land o mode n imes2. The pu pose o his in es iga ion was o analyse wo
P ussian-Li huanian e i o ies, Ragni and Tilsi , wi h a pa icula ocus on he
Bal ic pe sonal names, which had o be es ablished a e hei implemen a ion, 2
Thielen 1958: XXX[…]XXXIV.
S aipsniai A icles 135 and 135
Zu F age de bal ischen Eigennamen des Gebie es Ragni und
Tilsi in den O densdokumen en des 14.–15. Jah hunde s
ha he e a e no Bal ic pe sonal names documen ed in he OF 131 o he yea
1437-1438 Such a esul o he in es iga ion in o he Bal ic-named illage3 was
unexpec ed. In he case o he Ragni -Tilsi a ea, i is he his o ical Shal i a ea,
which was o iginally inhabi ed by he Bal ic peoples4 and also had o ha e
emained p edominan ly Bal ic in he la e Middle Ages. The ocus and ask o his
a icle has he e o e been on he ea men o he Li huanian and P ussian
ques ion in he pe iod be ween he la e Middle Ages and he beginning o he
Duchy o P ussia and hei men ions in he documen s o he Ge man O de . I
he Li huanians and P ussians had li ed o cen u ies be o e and a e he
Ba le o Tannebe g, why do hei aces no appea in he main documen s o
he O de 's Chancelle y?
2. GEBIETE RAGNIT UND TILSIT
F om he Fi s Expe iences
In his o ical sou ces BIS in he
The Duchy o P ussia
Ragni and Tilsi we e conside ed in he his o y o Eu ope un il he ex inc ion o he P ussian
Empi e om he maps o Eu ope a e he 2nd cen u y. Wo ld Wa as e i o ies o P ussian
Li huania. I is also well known ha in his a ea, in addi ion o Li huanians, Poles, P ussians and
Ge mans also li ed du ing he O de pe iods 1231-1525 and a e wa ds in he Duchy o P ussia
1525-1701 (Diehlmann 2008: 9*18*20*). A e y in e es ing pe iod in he his o y o he a eas co e ed is
he pe iod o he Second Wo ld Wa . Hal o he Middle Ages and he beginning o he mode n pe iod
be ween he ounding o he O de S a e and he beginning o he Duchy o P ussia. Ragni and
Tilsi a e men ioned ela i ely ea ly in he his o ical sou ces. Pe e o Dusbu g desc ibes he
ounding o a se lemen on a hill on he i e Memel, which he knows om he in asion o he
b o he Meneko in o he pagan landscape o Schalwen on he day o he holy ma y Geo ge III. One
o hem, which was men ioned by he Ge man his o ians as a coun y hu , is called in he yea 1289
in he SRP I 151 he cas le Ragani a, whose name li on he i e names. Ragný ė goes back and is
connec ed wi h li . ãgas ‘a poin ed piece o land ex ending in o he wa e , a p o uding sea o
he coun y (Pė e ai is 1997: 323; MLE III 824, 4 Mo e on his, see chap e 2.
835).
DARIUS IVOŠKA
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII and he es ablishmen o he cas le
Landeshu e, which acco ding o Dusbu g5 was al eady called Ragani a a he ime
a ound 1289 begins in 1366. In he P ussian Deed Book (la e PUB) PUB I 363 in 1291
among he wi nesses o he awa d o 10 hacks o a Li huanian e ugee […] a e
Con ad S ange comp u in Landishu e[…]7 is men ioned. I is c edible ha one o
he i s , i no he i s di ec men ion o he cas le name Ragni ie can be ound
in he La in documen s o he yea 13008. The name a ies in di e en documen s
w i en in Ge man: in he handw i en documen o he yea 1302, on he basis o
which he Samlande Walgune was g an ed a pa o he ield o G yndin by he
Landmeis e o he Ge man O de Kon ad Sack, i was men ioned in he name by
he wi nesses […]b udi Wal od on Lydelow hu z PUBku kump Rang[ni ][…]. In
o he documen s om 1302 and 1307 he e a e also u he eco ds o wha is
ound among he en ies in he […]Annales Pelplinenses[…] Rageni ien9,
u he mo e in he […]Ku zen Reimch onik on P eussen[…] Rangnî en10 is no ed.
Kom u Wal od on Lydelow, wobei de Name Rangni h und Rangni he a iie
PUB I 483, 554; in den Sc ip o es Re um P ussica um (im Wei e en – SRP)
The a ea and he ci y o Ragni we e also o en men ioned in he OF 105, in
pa icula in he bo de desc ip ions o he P ussian landscapes 1352 hus
5 The Ch onicle o P ussia by Pe e o Dusbu g is also a ailable in a Li huanian-language edi ion (li .
Pe as Dusbu gie is. P ūsijos žemės k onika), published by Romas Ba ū a. The edi ion also con ains
he explana ions, addi ions and c i ical commen s o he edi o , which mus p o ide a mo e accu a e
o e iew no only o he his o ical e en s bu also addi ional in o ma ion on he men ions o he
owns and pe sonali ies. Howe e , he publica ion o such a wo k could be much mo e help ul and
use - iendly i i we e no only ully ansla ed bu also p o ided wi h he o iginal ex s in addi ion o
he ansla ion.
6 Anno Domini MCCLXXXIX idem a e Meniko cupiens summo deside io ineo um e e e P ussie
angus ias dila a e, cum omni po encia pugna o um eni in he bea i Geo gii ma i is ad e am
Saclowi a um, e ad laudam dei e glo iam ad quodam mon em sup a Memelam edi ica i um cas
Landeshu e, quod sona in cus odia e e, La in nunci a dici a communi a Ragan... (SRP I 151) This is he
i s ime ha a sona a has been pe o med in his way. 7 On he basis o he handw i ing o he 1. In May
1291, Sy gele and his hei s we e g an ed 10 Hoken land in he land o Wangen (see Blažienė 2000: 168, Wangen,
K . Labiau, Ki chspiel Caymen) on he ield o Mynx ym (see Blažienė 2000: 95, Mynx ym, dese illage in he
Land o he Wangen, K . Labiau) was awa ded.
8 In he documen on he exchange o he landed p ope y in G indes (Blažienė 2000: 45[…]46, G ünden, K . Labiau,
Ki chspiel Legi en) Wilchy ien (Wilkie hen, Ge ullis 1922: 201) is men ioned among he wi nesses […] a e
Ludewicus de Libencelle commenda o in Ragni ie[…] PUB I 463. 9 Since Rageni ien, u en wo hund ed now and
achczec ja (SRP I 271). 10 A yea ago, I s a ed o look a he Li huanians, and I s a ed o look a he
gen lemen, and I s a ed o look a he gen lemen, and I s a ed o look a he gen lemen, and I s a ed o look
a he gen lemen, and I s a ed o look a he gen lemen.

S aipsniai / A icles 137
Zu F age de bal ischen Eigennamen des Gebie es Ragni und
Tilsi in den O densdokumen en des 14.–15. Jah hunde s
Rangni hen (OF 105 2 , 39 , 39 , Ragni in (OF 105 12 ) and in he handw i en 1342
ideli nos o Henconi de Rgni hen (OF 105 245 ) as well as a ound 1370[…]1400 Ragni en
(OF 105 169 , 208 ). Fu he mo e, in he ch onicle o Wigands o Ma bu g […]
Ragne a11, in many Li huanian oad epo s unde equen a ia ions, he o m
Ragni 12 is also p esen in he oad desc ip ion No. 12 as ea ly as 1393. The name was
also no ed di e en ly in he documen collec ion […]Die Tü kens eue im
He zog um P eußen 154013[…] ... o m schlos Rangeni , ...amp Rangnid (Diehlmann
2008: 129, 130). In he desc ip ion o he Schalaue land in he yea 1584 Caspa
Hennenbe ge 14 (1584: o ice, own and cas le. Acco ding o him, he cas le mus
38–40) Ragni meh mals sch eib abe ihn auch als Rangni und Rangi au .
Ch is opho us Ha knoch (1684: 409–410 besch eib Ragni als einen g oßen
ha e been one o he bu ied ombs in he Duchy o P ussia a ound his ime. The
ea lies indi ec men ion o Tilsi seems o be in he SRP II 85 in he ch onicle o
He mann on Wa be g in he 14 h cen u y. Cen u y o be documen ed: Eodem anno
[1365] ci ca Valen ini Le wini ia cas a expugna un in P ussia, scilices
Schalwi a um in Ragni hen, Kaus i en e Spli e omnibus hominibus obduc is...
This is he i s ime ha his has happened. The Schalwenbu g is conside ed by
he au ho s o he SRP o be a la e Tilsi e
Cas le iden i ied.
Tilsi Cas le was buil in 1407-1408 on he si e o he o me Schlaue Cas le. The newly buil cas le on he
i e Memel mus ha e been, acco ding o Lucas Da id (1813: 86) "nei he as la ge no as s ong as he
i s ", bu ned, bu i was used o de end agains he cons an a acks o enemies 11 Tandem eodem
anno [1347] idem ex eni p op e Ragne am, ubi 3 diebus s e i e mul os pe u ba i igne e apina e c.
This is SRP II 509.
This oad has been aken by Zada o Laukisken, Wilkyn o Labiow, Gedekan and Waynigede o Ragni
SRP II 673. The adi ions o place and pe sonal names a e pa ly Li huanianized, pa ly no , indica ed
Lese auch au Li auisch in „K aš as i žmonės: Lie u os geog a iniai i e nog a iniai ap ašymai
(XIV–XIX a.)“, he ausgegeben on Juozas Ju ginis und Algi das Šidlauskas, 1988 zu Ve ügung.
in his edi ion, he o iginal ex o he oad epo s om he SRP is no indica ed in pa allel. This
a ec s he alue and use ulness o he publica ion o such an ex en ha in some espec s i can
ha dly be used as a eliable sou ce o scien i ic pu poses.
13 D uckausgabe „des Os p eußischen Folian en“ 911a (im Wei e en – Os p . Fol. 911a) on Hans
Heinz Diehlmann, 2008.
14 In his wo k […]Ku ze nd wa ha ige Besch eibung des Landes zu P eussen[…] (1584), he w o e:
DARIUS IVOŠKA
138 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII has been necessa y. The con empo a y ch onicle Johann
on Posilge15 epo s on he cons uc ion o wo houses […]eyn hus u Mymmel which was
named Tylsa , and eyn hus which was named Samay hin V edebo g16[…], bo h o which a e
inse ed in he ch onicle chap e […]Huse wo din gebuwe zcu Samey hin[…] (SRP III 291). The
i s ca e ake o Tilsi has been known since 1436. Ano he cas le in he Kom u ei Ragni was
buil by he G and Mas e Win ich on Knip ode a ound 1360 on he igh bank o he Memel Ri e
and called Neuhaus 18. Nea Tilsi we e he houses Spli e n19 and Caus i en20, bo h i s
men ioned in 1365. Six miles abo e Ragni , Mas e Cha les o T ie had ounded he cas le o
Ch is memel in 1313, which also had a gua d a ound 1409. In he yea s 1259-1260 he Geo genbu g
was buil , which was la e des oyed and ebuil only in 1336. In he same yea 15 was bo n Johann
on Posilge de Pusilie, a his o ian who was bo n a ound 1340 in Posilge (Polish: Żuławka nea
Ma ienbu g, he o me Wes P ussia, now Kujawian-Pome anian Voi odeship) and died on 14. He
mus ha e died in July 1405. In 1372 he was p o os in Deu sch Eylau (Polish: Iława, Wojewodship
E mland-Masu en), since 1376 he has ac ed as O icial o he Diocese o Pomesania in Riesenbu g
(Polish: P abu y, Wojewodship Pome ania) and p o os in Ladekopp (Polish: Lubieszewo nea
Danzig) (access: h p: www.geschich squellen.de au ho III.3337 [abc. on 10.10.2020] SRP 31 […] 38].
16 A e he siege o Welun (li . Veliuõna) in 1328 by he Ge man O de and which was called F iedenbu g (K iklys
en o alen Ve nich ung im Jah 1333, e ich e e He zog Hein ich on Baye n einen neue Bu g,
1965: 339). Dai a Del u ienė (2006: 216) also deals wi h place names, bu un o una ely she does no no e he
17 Den O snamen Tilsi üh Pė e ai is (1997: 406) au den Flussnamen li . Tižė zu ück und e -
binde ihn mi li . iž i ‘nass, du chweich we den’ ilžùs ‘au geweich e und nasse Boden’. Den
ea lies men ions o Tilsi , she gi es as he i s Tilse Tilsi om 1785 onwa ds. Bu i would make sense in one
o he place names o he 14 h-18 h. Jhs. The cas le Neuhaus (li . Naujieji Namai, Naujoji pilis) mus ha e been
con e ed in o a s one cas le a ound 1404-1409 (K iklys 1968: 728; MLE IV 524). 19 li . Sp ė, he cas le was buil
es e bekann e Bekundung des his o ischen O snamens anzugeben.
a ound he same ime as he cas le Caus i e , la e des oyed and ne e ebuil (K iklys 1968: 728; MLE IV
521). 20 li es o wa e . Kaus ýčios, he cas le was ne e men ioned again in he his o ical sou ces a e he
des uc ion. I mus ha e s ood 4 km eas o Tilsi on he hill ha was la e called Tilsi e Schloßbe g, on he
Memel Ri e (MLE IV 521). 21 The wooden cas le o Ch is memel (li . Sk[…] snemunė) was buil in a o es 55 km
om Ragni opposi e he Li huanian cas le o Bisena (K iklys 1968: 594). 22 The Geo genbu g (li . Ju ba kas) is
conside ed one o he oldes and mos men ioned cas les o he Ge man O de in Li huania in his o ical
sou ces (Vanagas 1996: 82). 23 I em no a quod homines nos i nunc cogun u ic ualia duce e in cas um
Ju genbu g in e a li wino um si um CDP III 1848: 123124. I em no a quod homines nos i nunc cogun u ic ualia
duce e in cas um Ju genbu g in e a li wino um si um CDP III 1848: 123124. I em no a quod homines nos i nunc
cogun u is loca ed in he ci y o Ju genbu g in he no h o Ge many.
S aipsniai A icles 139 and 139
Zu F age de bal ischen Eigennamen des Gebie es Ragni und
Tilsi in den O densdokumen en des 14.–15. Jah hunde s
also he Ma ienbu g24 on he island o Romayn25 and 1337 nea Welun26, opposi e he dilapida ed
Ch is memel buil he Baie bu g27. Fu he mo e, in 1369, a e he G and Duke o Li huania had
ebuil he des oyed Kowno Cas le on he island o Wy galle opposi e he Nawezo, Win ich on
Knip ode buil he Cas le o God's W a h as a de ensi e o ess. I i is ue ha in he yea
1389 wo houses we e buil o Godwa d on he si e o he des oyed olde one, 32 hen Godwa d
mus ha e been he main pilla o he ule o he O de in Samai en a he beginning o he 15 h
cen u y. Jhs. become. Ma ienwe de 33 on he Ne ge34 was he u hes in o pagan Li huania 24
To he econs uc ion o Geo genbu g and he ounding o Ma ienbu g s. also Ba ū a […]Pieš ės
gyn pilis Lie u osyboje. Legenda y Li huanian P ades Pilis, 2003: 96. 25 The ounding o Ma ienbu g
is depic ed by Voig (IV 544) as a has y cons uc ion o a o ess o p o ec agains he
a acks o pagan Li huania. The cas le s ood on he island o Romain (li . Romáinių salà), which was
loca ed a he con luence o he i e s Dubysa and Memel (Ba ū a 2003: 89).
Loca ed 55 km no hwes o Kowno (li . Kaunas), Welun (li . Veliuõna) is one o he oldes and mos
impo an se lemen s in Li huania (K iklys 1965: 338; Vanagas 1996: 82). The Baie bu g, named a e
he name o he Ba a ian Duke Hein ich o Ba a ia (La in Hin icus dux Ba a ia) SRP II 501, was one o
he mos s a egically impo an and a hes om P ussia cas les. The i s Baie bu g was
buil in 1337 and he hi d and las one in 1387, which was ebuil in place o he Geo genbu g and was
la e also called so (Zabiela 2005: 163[…]164). Voig (IV 545) desc ibes i alongside Ma ienbu g (on he
island o Romayn) as he second s onges cas le on he Memels ohm. 28 The i s known cas le
o Kowno (la . Kauwe, li . Kaũnas) was buil in 1362 on
Palm Sunday has des oyed SRP II 81.
29 Li . Vi galės sala, au dem Memel luss am Zusammen lusse on Memel und Nawezo-Fluss (li .
Ne žis) (Zugang: h ps://www. le.l /S aipsnis/Go eswe de -26767 [abge u en am 3.11.2020]).
Thi y li es. Ne žis, he igh ibu a y o Memel. 31 Acco ding o he news o Lindenbla Posilie
(1823: 31) he cas le o Go eswe de mus ha e been conque ed by Li huanians, bu la e
eco e ed by he o de . Abou he ounding o Go eswe de s. also (access:
h ps://www. le.l /S aipsnis/Go eswe de -26767 [called on
3.11.2020]).
32 Lindenbla Posilie (1823: 115) epo s on he cons uc ion o wo houses ins ead o he
des oyed one, in which some local esiden s and many cons uc ion wo ke s had been in ol ed
o ou weeks since Pen ecos . The s eng hening o he o esses in Ragni and
193).
Go eswe de is also men ioned by Voig (VI 173, 33 On he cons uc ion o he Ma ienwe de in
1384 epo s Wigand o Ma bu g SRP II 626. 34 Also Wilia, li . Ne is, he second la ges i e in Li huania and he la ges ( igh ) ibu a y o
I 's called Memel.
DARIUS IVOŠKA
140 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
Cas le buil on he si e o he old Kowno unde Kon ad Zöllne on Ro hens ein
in 1384 and des oyed by Wi old in he same yea .
2.1. Ragni and Tilsi in he OF 131
A mo e accu a e and comple e pic u e o he his o ical e en s h oughou
P ussia, in he a eas co e ed he e and inhabi ed by all Bal ic peoples, is p o ided by
he his o ical documen s d awn up on he a i al o he Ge man O de and he
o ma ion o he O de S a e. Since he languages o he Bal ic ibes did no ha e
hei own sc ip in p e-Roman imes, he his o y o he a ea is p edominan ly no
based on he his o ical adi ions o he local ch onicle s. I i is he his o y o
P ussia o he Bal ic peoples in gene al, i can be a gued ha i has been
ep oduced wi hou majo gaps in a ious wo ks, bu i p ecise and
esea ch-speci ic as well as locally limi ed da a a e needed, hen mos ly he pu ely
his o ical wo ks a e no enough. The e o e, he ocus o his a icle is o explo e,
among o he hings, he documen s o he Chancelle y o he O de , i.e. hose
om O.F. 131. End o he 14 h. […] Beginning o he 15 h Jhs. The names Ragni and
Tilsi appea much mo e equen ly in he his o ical sou ces, especially in a ious
documen s o he Chancelle y o he O de , which help o gain a clea e pic u e o
he ea ed a eas o P ussia. As he main sou ce used o assis in he conduc o
his in es iga ion, as well as including in en o ies o weapons, ood s ocks, e c.,
p o ide a weal h o high-quali y and de ailed in o ma ion abou he ci ies, illages,
hei inhabi an s, social condi ions, e c. Abou whose possession exac ly he ci ies
wu de, dien OF 131. Eben dessen Ein äge, die sowohl die Einkun s e zeich-
and a eas o Ragni and Tilsi a he beginning o he 15 h cen u y. Jhs. Howe e ,
he en ies in OF 131 es i y o a well-de eloped adminis a ion o he budge and
he p ocu emen o supplies o co e he needs o he inhabi an s in he ci y and
in he coun y:
35 Linden lea Posilie (1823: 55 […] 56). This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
36 Since he beginning o he 13 h Jhs. (1226-1235) when he conques o he P ussian ibes
began, he indigenous peoples ell unde he powe o a new empi e, in which no only he
li e a e ch onicle s bu also he adminis a i e and chancelle y o icials ac ed as ce ain
his o ians (I oška 2019: 7).
S aipsniai A icles 147 and 147
Zu F age de bal ischen Eigennamen des Gebie es Ragni und
Tilsi in den O densdokumen en des 14.–15. Jah hunde s
To look o sou ces conce ning he a ea and possibly documen ed e idence.
Sou ces and li e a u e
Adamony ė Ve onika, Blažienė G asilda, Gelumbeckai ė Jolan a, T umpa Edmundas
2018: In e ak y us Ry ų P ūsijos žemėlapis IV. This is he ou h edi ion o he compe i ion. Access o he websi e: h p://p usija.
This is lki.l .V.h ml.
Ba ū a Romas 2003: Pieš ės pilis Lie u os gynyboje. This is he i s ime ha he
Li huanian eam has won he compe i ion. The legenda y pilis o Li huania. Li huanian
alsčiai. Se edžius, Vilnius: Ve smė, 87[…]101. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Blažienė
G asilda 2000: The Bal ic place names in he Samland. Hyd onymia Eu opaea, Sonde band II,
S u ga , published by he F anz S eine publishing house. Blažienė G asilda 2005: Bal ic
place names in eas e n P ussia. Hyd onymia Eu opaea, Sonde band III, S u ga , published
by he F anz S eine publishing house. CDP III […] Codex Diploma icus P ussicus. This is he
i s edi ion o he Codex. Collec ion o documen s on he olde his o y o P ussia om
he Königl. The sec e a chi es o Königsbe g and Reges en, Bd. 3, edi ed by J. Voig ,
Königsbe g: Wi h he b o he s Bo n äge , 1848. Da id Lucas 1813: P ussian Ch onicle
acco ding o he au ho 's handw i ing wi h a ached his o ical and e ymological no es 5,
ed. E. Hannig, Königsbe g: in he Ha ungschen cou book p in ing house.
Del u ienė Dai a 2006: Bal iški Mažosios Lie u os XIV[…]XVIII a. oikonimai, Vilnius: This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha he name o he coun y has been used.
The Uni e si y o Vilnius is loca ed in he ci y o Vilnius.
Diehlmann Hans Heinz 1998: The Tu kish ax in he Duchy o P ussia 1540, olume 1,
Fischhausen […] Schaaken […] Neuhausen […] Labiau, Hambu g: sel -published by he
associa ion. Diehlmann Hans Heinz 2006: The Tu kish ax in he Duchy o P ussia 1540, Bd. 2,
Memel […] Tilsi , Hambu g: sel -published by he associa ion. Diehlmann Hans Heinz 2008: The
Tu kish ax in he Duchy o P ussia 1540, olume 3, Ragni […] In e bu g and Saalau, Hambu g:
sel -published by he associa ion. Ge ullis Geo g 1922: The old P ussian place names, Be lin
and Leipzig: associa ion o scien i ic publishe s Wal e de G uy e & Co. His o ical sou ces
o he Ge man Middle Ages. The Ba a ian Academy o Sciences. The Commission is also
p oposing o ex end he scope o he egula ion o co e he whole o he Eu opean Union.
Johann F ied ich Goldbeck (1785): The comple e opog aphy o he Kingdom o P ussia. The
i s pa , which con ains he opog aphy o Eas P ussia, Königsbe g and Leipzig: a i s
own expense and i s own publishing house.

DARIUS IVOŠKA
148 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII
GZB – Das g osse Zinsbuch des Deu schen Ri e o dens (1414–138), H sg. P. G. Thielen,
Ma bu g: published by N. G. Elwe , 1958.
Ch is opho us Ha knoch 1684: Al und Neues P eussen o P ussian His o ies o he
Two Pa s, F anck u and Leipzig, Königsbe g: Published by Ma in Halle o den o
bookselle s in Königsbe g.
Hennenbe ge Ca[…]pa us 1584: Ku […]e nd wa -a ec ed desc ip ion o he coun y o
P eu[…]en. By Capa um Hennenbe ge n, pa ish p ies o he illage o Mülhauen in Na angen. o
K[…]nig[…]pe g is loca ed in P ussia.
I oška Da ius 2017: Rema ks on he p oblems o Bal ic place names wes o he Weichsel. The
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 74, 208 and 225. I oška Da ius 2019: Re lec ion o P ussian cul u e in
I oška Da ius 2018: Bal ische Eigennamen in den Dokumen en des Deu schen O dens:
Disse a ion zu E langung de Dok o wü de, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
he bounda y desc ip ions o he Ge man O de . […] Yea book o he His o ical Commission
o Eas and Wes P ussian Regional Resea ch and he Cope nicus Associa ion o he
His o y and Regional S udies o Wes P ussia. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The yea books o Johannes Lindenbla o he ch onicle o John o Posilie O icials a
Riesenbu g, H sg. J. Voig , F. W. Schube , Königsbe g: in he Uni e si y Bookshop, Ju ginis
1923.
Juozas, Šidlauskas Algi das 1988: K aš as i Lie u os žmonės: geog a iniai i e nog a iniai
ap ašymai (XIV[…]XIX a.), Vilnius: Mokslas. This is he i s ime ha he book has been
published in Li huanian. K iklys B onius 1965: Li huania is ou coun y. K aš o ie o ių
is o iniai, geog a iniai, e nog a iniai b uožai 2, Bos onas: Lie u ių encyclopedijos leidykla.
This is he i s ime ha he encyclopedia has been published in English. K iklis B onius
(1968) was bo n in Li huania. K aš o ie o ių is o iniai, geog a iniai, e nog a iniai b uožai 4,
Bos onas: Lie u ių encyclopedijos leidykla. This is he i s ime ha he encyclopedia has
been published in English. MLE III […] Mažosios Lie u os enciklopedija 3, Mec […] Rag, Vilnius:
MLE IV – Mažosios Lie u os enciklopedija 4, Rahn – Ž ižeže is, Vilnius: Mažosios
Lie u os ondas, Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as, 2009.
Mažosios Lie u os ondas, Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as, 2006. This is he i s
ime ha he Li huanian encyclopedia has been published. 105 OF […] O de olio om he
sec e s a e a chi e, P ussian cul u al p ope y. OF 131 […] O de olio om he sec e
s a e a chi e, P ussian cul u al p ope y. Pė e ai is Vilius 1997: Mažosios Lie u os i T anks os ie o a džiai. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha he name has been used. Jų kilmė i eikšmė, Mažosios Lie u os ondas, Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as (Mokslo and encyclopedic ins i u es o Li huania) is one o he mos impo an ins i u ions o he Li huanian language.
S aipsniai A icles 149 and 149
Zu F age de bal ischen Eigennamen des Gebie es Ragni und
Tilsi in den O densdokumen en des 14.–15. Jah hunde s
This is Pe as Dusbu gie is. P ussian land ch onicles, pa ables, ins uc ions and explana ions
R. Ba ū a, e ė L. Valkūnas, Vilnius: Vaga, 1985.
I […] P ussian eco d book, Bd. 1, hal 1, 2, edi ed by Philipy and D . Wölky, Königsbe g:
Ha ungsche publishing house, 1882-1909. SRP I […] Sc ip o es Re um P ussica um. This is he
i s ime I' e seen i . The his o ical sou ces o he P ussian p ehis o y up o he all o he
ule o he O de , ol. 1, edi ed by T. Hi sch, D . M. Töppen, D . E. S ehlke, Leipzig: published by
S. Hi sel, 1861. SRP II […] Sc ip o es Re um P ussica um. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . The
his o ical sou ces o he P ussian p ehis o y up o he all o he ule o he O de , ol. 2,
edi ed by T. Hi sch, D . M. Töppen, D . E. S ehlke, Leipzig: published by S. Hi zel, 1863. SRP III […]
Sc ip o es Re um P ussica um. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . The his o ical sou ces o
he P ussian p ehis o y up o he all o he ule o he O de , ol. 3, edi ed by D . T. Hi sch,
D . M. Töppen, D . E. S ehlke, Leipzig: Mine a GMBH, 1863. This is he i s edi ion o he book.
Vanagas Aleksand as 1996: Lie u os mies ų a dai, Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų
leidykla. This is he i s ime ha he Li huanian ci y has been included in he lis .
This is he Li huanian encyclopedia. The Commission is also p oposing o ex end he
scope o he egula ion o co e he whole o he Eu opean Union.
Voig Johannes 1834: His o y o P ussia: om he ea lies imes o he decline o he
lo dship o he Ge man O de , ol. 6, The li e o he high- anking meis e Kon ad on
Junglingen, om 1393 o 1407; publica ion o he o de and he coun y, Königsbe g: in
he publishing house o he Geb […]de Bo n […]ge .
Zabiela Gin au as 2005: Baje bu go pilis (Baje bu go pilis) is a Spanish ac ess and
model. […] Li huanian a chaeology 28, Vilnius: Li huanian his o ical ins i u es, 163[…]174.
DARIUS IVOŠKA
150 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians)
Dėl bal iškų Ragainės i Tilžės s i ies ik inių
a dų XIV–XV a. O dino dokumen uose
SANTRAUKA This a icle was w i en by he au ho , an ea ly Saxon y an who s udied a ew
Li huanian and P ussian his o ians who s udied he sou ces o he Vokieć o dino olian ų, his
ime Pasi inko da ieną, 1414-1438 (The g ea book o in e es o he Ge man Knigh s (1414-1438).
iki šiol jo ne i ą olian ą – N . 131, žinomą kaip „Vokiečių o dino didžioji činšo knyga
This o de o inancial documen s is one o he mos impo an his o ical sou ces, in which
he e a e many axpaye s, in en o y, uncollec ed and uncollec ed asse s o sa ings banks in
he bes -equipped ci ies and owns. Ty imui was chosen as one o he P ussian egions o
Li huania […] Ragainė i Tilžė. Pi minis objec o he s udy was Li huanian and P ussian
pe sonali ies, nea me an and galimo o new ac s ela ed o Vie namese. Ty imo me u,
ap ikus ik ieną bal išką, eikiausiai lie u iškos kilmės, asmen a dį Apucz S ange, iškilo
klausimų, ku i šiame s aipsnyje nag inėjami pasi elkus his o inius šal inius, apimančius
i iamojo a ealo paliudijimus nuo Vokiečių o dino in azijos į p emes žūsų XII amžiuje iki 1540
me ų, P ūsijos he cogys ės laiko a pio. This is he i s ime ha he o de has been in aded.
S aips in he p esen a ion o his o ical Ragaines and Tilžės con ex s, umpai examina ion o
he a ea o he popula ion e hnici y, social ela ions, bu he solu ion o he his o ical a dyno
esea ch p oblem: he objec o he s udy ibos, he sou ces o he esea ch and he aspec s
o he in es iga ion pobūdis and iššūkiai.
Į eik a 2020 m. lapk ičio 15 d.
DARIUS IVOŠKA
Li huanian language ins i u es
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius,
Li huania Da ius.i [email protected] This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h Pe o Vileišio g.