S aipsniai / A icles 79
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
The Uni e si y o Lo aine
Resea ch di ec ions: con ac s o Bela usian and o he
languages, lexical loans.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Se e al GALIMs in Hunga y
LET'S alk abou he Li huanian language
In speech
Some Po en ial Bo owings om Hunga ian
in o Li huanian
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle e iews Li huanian language lexemes ha a e o Hunga ian o igin o we e
bo owed om o he languages h ough he Hunga ian language. Mos o hese lexemes
en e ed he Li huanian language in he 16 h-18 h cen u ies, mos ly indi ec ly, as
in e media ies be ween Polish, mo e a ely Ge man, Bulga ian, o Russian. Bo owed wo ds
o m hema ic g oups ha e lec he his o ical and cul u al connec ions be ween Hunga y
and he G and Duchy o Li huania a ha ime. Such g oups include, o example, he names
o mili a y equipmen , he names o mili a y clo hing, he names o ce ain p oduc s
anspo ed om he o me Kingdom o Hunga y o he LDK. In many cases, a change in he
meaning o he loan is no ed. I should be no ed ha only a small pa o hese lexemes is
eco ded in he cu en common Li huanian language, as hese e ms a e usually obsole e,
unused wo ds o dialec s. ESMINIAI WORDS: LDK o languages, Hunga ian LDK, con ac s o
languages, lexical loans, loans om he Hunga ian language.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle aims o o e iew he Li huanian wo ds ha a e supposed o be o Hunga ian
o igin o may be linked o Hunga ian in an indi ec way. Mos o hese lexemes ha e been
bo owed h ough Polish, less o en h ough Ge man, Bela usian o Russian du ing he
16 h-18 h cen u ies. They belong o speci ic hema ic g oups like mili a y e ms, names o
mili a y uni o m de ails o names o p oduc s ha we e impo ed in o he G and Duchy o
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
80 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXXIII
Li huania om he o me Kingdom o Hunga y. In many cases a signi ican change in he
seman ics o he lexemes can be obse ed.
I is wo h no ing ha only a small numbe o hese lexemes a e being known and used in
con empo a y S anda d Li huanian, as hese wo ds belong a he o dialec al o his o ical
lexicon.
KEY WORDS: G and Duchy o Li huania, Hunga ians in he G and Duchy o
Li huania, language con ac s, lexical bo owings, bo owings om
Hunga ian.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
In he Polish-language dic iona y o he Li huanian language published in 2016 by
Roland K egžis (PDF), he au ho indica es 28 wo ds o he Hunga ian language (p.
286), which can be linked in a ious ways wi h he co esponding lexeme o he
Li huanian language, i.e. he wo ds o he Hunga ian language a e eco ded as
possible sou ces o he Polish language. This dic iona y, as is known, is he i s
comp ehensi e e ymological dic iona y o he Li huanian language, which discusses
such cases ex ensi ely and pays g ea a en ion o he lexemes bo owed om
o bo owed om he Hunga ian language o he Li huanian language. On he o he
hand, he sp ead o Hunga ian wo ds in he Bal ic languages has been s udied in he
wo ks o Hunga ian linguis s (Hollós 1998; Laczházi 2003; Tó h 2003, 2007, 2016a, 2018).
Much has also been w i en abou he lexical elemen s o Hunga ian o igin in Polish
(Wołosz 1989, 19911992), Russian (Hollós 1996) and Bulga ian (Zol án 2005, 2006). A e
amilia izing onesel wi h he conclusions o all he abo e-men ioned s udies, i can
be no iced ha he examina ion o wo ds o Hunga ian o igin in he Li huanian
language gi es in e es ing esul s, he e iew o he ma e ial allows o highligh
he speci ics o his lexicon, and he s udies o Li huanian and Hunga ian speake s
pa ly con i m, pa ly supplemen , cla i y each o he . This a icle compa es and
summa izes he da a o Hunga ian esea che s and PŽ and o he Li huanian
e ymological dic iona ies. The mos impo an o hem in e ms o lexical
dominance is he lexicon o old Li huanian w i en monumen s ep esen ed by he
Al li auisches e ymologisches Wö e buch (ALEW) and supplemen ed by he la es
da a Słownik e ymologiczny języka li ewskiego (SEJLe). In Li huanian, as well as in
La ian, he e a e many in e na ional wo ds de i ed om he Hunga ian language.
These a e mos ly culina y o o he names ela ed o he Hunga ian e hnic cul u e,
such as guliašas, okajus, ča dašas (La ian gulašs, okajie is, ča dašs) and so on.
These bo owings om in e na ionalism a e widely discussed by Hunga ian
speake s A ila Hološ (Hollós 1998) and Sila das To as (Tó h 2003), so hey a e no discussed in his a icle. A en ion is paid o he p oli e a ion o wo ds o Hunga ian o igin in he his o ical and cul u al con ex o he 14 h o 17 h cen u y.
A icles by A icles 81
Kele as galimų eng ų kalbos skolinių lie u ių kalboje
Acco ding o he esea ch o his o ian Raimonda Ragauskienė (Ragauskienė
2008; Ragauskas, Ragauskienė 2018) 1, du ing he pe iod men ioned, Hunga ians in
Li huania o med a s able mino i y, numbe ing 5 o 6 among he Wes e ne s.
They came o he LDK o poli ical o economic easons, due o in ensi e (and
especially in ensi e du ing he eign o S epan Ba o ) cul u al, ade ela ions
(Ragauskienė 2008: 29). Howe e , di ec con ac s be ween he Hunga ian and
Li huanian languages can only be specula ed abou cau iously. Mos o hem a e
mų leksemų aip pa y a papli usios lenkų i (a ) bal a usių kalbose (ž . Wołosz
discussed in his a icle in 1989, 1991[…]1992; Zol án 2005), so hey could ha e
en e ed he Li huanian language om hese languages, o in pa allel om bo h.
HUNGARY KILMS ARBA h ough Hunga y
LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S LET'S is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha is wha
In speech
Sepa a e deb s a e discussed below in alphabe ical o de . Some o hem a e o Hunga ian o igin, wi h
an unmis akable Hunga ian e ymology. O he s we e bo owed om o he languages h ough he
Hunga ian language. In such cases, he media ion o he Hunga ian language is usually e idenced by
speci ic phone ic o […] mo e o en […] seman ic changes. The phone ic-mo phological a ian s and
meanings o lexemes a e indica ed based on he da a o he elec onic a ian o he Li huanian
ocabula y (LKŽe). In cases whe e he e ymology o he wo d is no in doub , he da a o he
Li huanian ocabula y a e p esen ed b ie ly, indica ing he main Li huanian wo d o ms, meanings,
bo owing pa hs and he sou ce o he mo e de ailed desc ip ion. Whe e possible, he ime (yea , age)
o he ea lies known es imony in w i en sou ces o he lexeme is gi en. Only hose e ymologies
ha need o be supplemen ed wi h da a om he Hunga ian language o allow conside a ion o an
al e na i e e ymology a e commen ed on mo e widely. The claus ous sign is w i en be o e hose
wo ds whose connec ion o he Hunga ian language, al hough assumed by some au ho s, aises
doub s. The mas e 's gua d, he se an . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ‘a soldie o he Hunga ian
in an y; 2. "Hunga ian police o ice "; 3. […] plessik[…] is Hunga ian. hajdú, [pl.] hajdúk (pa icipa o y
o m o he e b haj […]gany i[…]; In R. Ragauskienė's s udy, Li huanian and Polish his o iog aphy
discussed indi idual issues o he ole o he Hunga ians in he LDK, o example, some aspec s o he
pa icipa ion o he Hunga ians in he Li huanian a my, he in luence o he Hunga ian ashion, he
pe iod o he 16 h and 17 h cen u ies. In he coun yside o Bi š ona, he e a e coun ies. Read mo e.
Ragauskienė 2008: 21. She is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen .
ik ų asmenų, kaip an ai, S epono Ba o o, Kaspa o Bekešo, liu nininko Valen ino Bak a ko bio-
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
82 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII was in he language […]gany ojas[…]); The
Eidukas is a soldie o he in an y uni , an a ille yman. The wo d is also used in
compa isons, such as Ein as eiduk, lek as ai a as; In he case o he Uni ed
Kingdom, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance has ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains
he judgmen o he Cou o Jus ice o he Eu opean Communi ies. Voiciechas
Smočinskis he e sees he meaning o "de il, e il spi i " (SEJLe: 9). The wo d LKŽe
is conside ed a loanwo d o Sla ic o igin, and he ALEW o m eidukas is
associa ed wi h he e b ei i (ALEW I: 260). The e ymology o he la e is belie ed
o be un eliable due o he neglec o pa allels in Polish, Bulga ian languages, e.g.
eikšmės y a: 1. ‘samdomas ka ei is S epono Ba o o ka iuomenėje’; 2. ‘samdo-
bl . 1568 - The Li huanian Gauduki (1582 - 1745), also known as he Li huanian Gauduki.
The Gauduki 1582. The sum o hese wo ds mas ka ei is […]; 3. "Se an in
Hunga ian uni o m". In Polish and Russian, i is also known as […]plėšiką[…] (Hollós
1996: 24), in Russian as […]aukš ą žmogų[…], […]akiplėšą, begėdį[…] and […]ne amų
gy ulį[…] (Anikin 321 2015: […]323). I 's no a big deal. I 's no a big deal. he ollowing
able is inse ed: In he case o a essel o wood, he name o he essel shall be
he same as ha o he essel o wood. 1030, some imes 75 li es o wine. In
Polish since he 17 h cen u y, he wo d an ałek […] has been used o wine o
bee , and e en ea lie in he su names Jan ułek 1608, An ałkowicz 1683 (Wołosz
1989: 226). S. and bl . I 's called an an elope. p is equal o In 1583 i is de i ed di ec ly om he Hunga ian language (Bulyka 1980: 155), bu due o phone ic disc epancies his o m canno be in e p e ed as he sou ce o he Li huanian wo d (PŽ: 19; SEJLe: 37).
The sp ead o he wo d is ela ed o he in ensi e ade o Hunga ian wine in
Eas e n Eu ope, and he o he signi icance (s a e pu pose) indica es he
adap a ion o he e m in Li huanian.
? A endà ‘ en (also known as a enda o i ‘ en , a endõ ius, a eñdo ius ‘ enan )
< s. le. he en , he en , he en , he en , he en , he en , he en . […] en
[…] s. ench. en e , a en e […] en , en […] lo . a enda e […] en , en , en
[…] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en
[…] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en
[…] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en
[…] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en […] en In
Li huanian, he lexeme has been in use since he 1600s, and i may ha e been
bo owed om Eas e n Sla ic languages (which came om Polish), e.g. s. .
a enda, bl . A enda […] en , a enda […] […] enan […] 16 h cen u y (ALEW I: 54). This
is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in he English language. Acco ding o
And zej Bankowski, his wo d as a legal e m in Hunga y, and la e in Poland, was
used and used by he F ench-descended Anjou dynas y, which uled Hunga y om
1301 o 1399 and Poland om 1370, adminis a ion (BES I: 15). ? O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel […] a spea wi h an elonga ed hook (wa weapon) […] 1620; a dagge […] 1870; 2. a ool o some kind (a kni e, a kni e, a dagge ); 3. no a subs i u e o a hing (pagal o o he ); 4. he "g ea man"; 5. "A common animal". Ba šius ‘ki is wi h an elonga ed hood (LKŽe; ALEW I: 18), Polish. a ba el o ‘ki is wi h a long coa .
A icles by A icles 83
Kele as galimų eng ų kalbos skolinių lie u ių kalboje
The wo d is simila in meaning o he Polish (ba dysz ‘ki is wi h a long hook),
Russian (bé dш, bá diš ‘ .p.), Bulga ian (ba dyšъ, ba dishă [be dyšъ] ‘ .p.)
languages. The Li huanian wo d o he c ossing place ALEW and SEJLe (SEJLe:
116) is de i ed om Eas e n Sla ic languages. PŽ is conside ed o be a polonism
and is associa ed wi h le. ba dysz (be dysz) […]dalgiaki is, ancien weapon[…],
de i ed om o om he lo . ba ducium […]ko inis ki is[…] […] g . βαρδούκιον
[…]lazda, špaga[…] […] p. The ge m o he "boa dy". In he ba . p., o om eng .
The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he
in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Polish
nas palaiko eng ų kalbininko And ašo Zol ano e imologijos aiškinimą, ku is
ba dysz (be dysz) om he Hunga ian language kildina and o he au ho s (see
BES I: 41; S achowski 2002: 47). Unlike he a o emen ioned e sion, by Alexande
Anikile. Ba dysh (be dysh) kildina om he . ba dysh […]? he ge m. ba de and
ejec s he wo d's associa ion wi h eng . The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Békeš is a wa m win e coa , sho e han a ski (LKŽe), plg. eng . I'm no going o lie o you.
The name o he ga men is de i ed om he su name o Kaspa Bekešo (Veng ian
Bekes o Békés, Polish Kaspe Bekiesz) in Polish: bekieszka 1586 > bekiesza ( om he
c a plg. le. ba o ówka […]a ce ain sho el; a ce ain ha […] om he su name o
Ba o o, le. węgie ka […] okia s iukė[…] om Węgie […] eng as[…]). Bo owed om
Polish bl . The name o he illage is de i ed om he name o he illage in which i
is si ua ed. Veng ų bekecs […] bekes […] umpe , uppe ga men […] has only been
wo n since he 18 h cen u y, i is bo owed in his sense om he Polish language
(EWUng I: 92; Kiš 1963: 48[…]52; Hollós 1996: 16[…]17; Boj á 2015). The Li huanian bekeš
can be bo owed om he Polish (le. dial. bekiesz; PŽ: 230) o om he Bulga ian
language. Since he place o he Li huanian wo d "ki sy" coincides wi h he Polish
and Hunga ian, and no wi h he Ki sy o ms o he wo ds o he Eas e n Sla ic
languages, his a icle is mo e inclined o de i e his wo d om he Polish language.
The place o Ki i may ha e been de e mined by he in luence o he Hunga ian
language ( he su name Bekešas is he Hunga ian wo d […] ki čiuo as he i s
skiemuo), bu he eme gence o he common wo d om he eal one is undoub edly ela ed o he Polish language.
Zol án's main a gumen s a e as ollows: 1. om s. The o m o he ba d's scisso s (in Pe sian: he
spea wi h he ba dichium) is conside ed by some au ho s o be le. ba dysz sou ce, i is
phone ically impossible o explain he eplacemen o he p e ix -os in he Hunga ian adjec i es
wi h he Polish -ysz (plg. eng . Rák-os > le. ok-osz and k .); 2 and 3. In addi ion, he wo d in he
Polish language e e s speci ically o he weapon used by he Musco i e Russian soldie s, which, by
he way, in i s o m and manne clea ly di e s om he lo . ba ducium < g . βαρδούκιον ma ked
ligh weapon (Zol án 1978: < 425 < 426). Thus, he bo owing di ec ion om Polish o Russian is no
allowed, he p ocess was in he opposi e di ec ion.

ARANKA LACZHÁZI
84 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII
o […] male cousin […] le. The species ciżma, czyżma […] okia a alynės, hal -beaked […]
is a species unde he genus Ciżma in he amily Poaceae. This Regula ion shall
46).
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I 's called a "ba h". s iped ‘ba (PŽ:
de ẽšis ‘ ed and whi e ho se, d y-colo ed animal) sui able, sui able o he
pu pose o : p is equal o he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: (Dialec ) de esz,
de eś (English p onuncia ion (help·in o)) is a Spanish wo d. ed ho se; 2. "A man wi h
a bea d"; 3. "So d ink (alcohol, mead, wine) " The i s . A man who has li ed, a man
who has li ed, 1291; 2. […] ed and whi e-hai ed ho se […]1591 (Wołosz 1989: 247 […] 248;
PZ: 275; EWUng I: 254). See also bl . he dee (Zol án 2006: 500). he humb […] pocke […],
he humb 1. he walle ; 2. he money, he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke , he pocke . In he 20 h cen u y sou ces, i is said ha he was iding wi h an emp y saddle. He's he one who s ole he subsc ibe 's money.
The wo d is o Tu kish o igin, see dolama XIV cen u y, dolaman XIV[…]XVI cen u y,
dolman 1554[…]1555, doloman 1615 […] oks u kish soldie s' obes, wide-b immed
ha s[…] (Hollós 1996: 29). In his sense, i sp ead in many Eu opean languages, o
example, ok. Dolman abou 1500 yea s ago, Doliman, ang. Dolyman 1585, Doliman 1872
‘woman's coa wi h wide slee es, . doloman 1658 ‘long coa , coa ; wide women's
clo hing, le. dołoman 1543, dołman, dołaman […]women's coa wi h wide slee es[…],
bl . The Dolomi es o 1516 p is equal o Reikšmė ‘husa ų š a kas appea ed in he
Hunga ian language and is also spoken in he a o emen ioned languages: ang.
Dolman, bo n in 1783, died in 1741. Doulman, doulaman […] Hunga ian swo d, bl . This is
he i s ime I' e seen i . This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
248–249).
The Li huanian wo d is de i ed om le. Doolman o bl . dolman (LKŽe; PŽ: 49), o
om he oo dolman, doloman (SEJLe: 241). Phone ic-mo phologically, hese
e ymologies a e comple ely accep able, bu he e a e doub s abou he
seman ic misma ch. Since he Li huanian delmon is spoken in he sou ces o
Li huania Mino (žodynas) and in he egional dialec s, i is possible ha i can be
jo pa ek i iš okiečių kalbos, i seman ikos ki imas galėjo į yk i bū en Mažio-
ansla ed in o he Li huanian language in he Li huanian dialec s. The Ge manic
in luence is also indica ed by he men ioned slang wo ds kalkės: delmõnpiningiai,
plg. ok. Taschengeld, delmõn agis, also known as ok. I 's called Taschendieb. I is
belie ed ha he de elopmen o seman ics allows o unde s and he da a o
e hnog aphy: delmonas dalmonas is a de ail o women's clo hing in Li le
Li huania: puošni (sewn, wi h ea ings, o en deco a ed wi h he ini ials o he owne ) kišenė, which is ied o he ibbon. Simila pocke s we e ca ied by Es onian, Finnish, No wegian, Swedish women,
jos pa adinimas šiose kalbose y a ‘kišenė’ a ba ‘maišelis’ (Ma ulionienė 2015).
A icles o he 85 h
Kele as galimų eng ų kalbos skolinių lie u ių kalboje
Thus, he geog aphical sp ead o his eali y also allows o link he wo d mo e
wi h he Ge man language han wi h he Sla ic languages.
In he P ussian ansla ion o he Ge man language, Dolman is used only as he
name o a Hussa knigh (PW: 1171). Hunga ian ligh ca al y, hussa egimen s o
he 16 h-18 h cen u ies se ed in he a mies o a ious Eu opean coun ies, as
well as in P ussia. Hunga ian hussa s who se ed ab oad always wo e hei
dis inc i e elegan Hunga ian uni o m. An impo an de ail o his uni o m was
he ichly deco a ed bag-pocke hanging om he bel , on which we e o iginally
sewn he ini ials o he owne o he egimen , la e he ule (Bá i Be kó: 26).
This hussa s bag and he Li huanian delmons handke chie s a e e y simila .
The e o e, al hough he e y ashion o wea ing a bel - ied pocke was
widesp ead h oughou Eu ope, including he Bal ic egion, he Li huanian name
o his pocke is belie ed o be associa ed wi h he uni o m o he Hussa s. The
Hussa s wo e hei "pocke " along wi h a special Hussa jacke "dalmon"
(Veng ian: dolmány, oc. Dolman), so "because o he cons an use o bo h ealms
oge he " he name o he jacke could be ans e ed o he name o he
pocke . You' e going o ha e o do i . he song 1500 . p is equal o The Commission
shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o
supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. child (ALEW I: 315; PZ: 310) and The wo d was also bo owed om he Bulga ian language in he sense o "ginge b ead": "ginge b ead" (1567), "ginge b ead" om he beginning o he se en een h cen u y (Wołosz 1989: 254). In Li huanian, i is ound only in w i ings o he 16 h-17 h cen u ies (Bezzenbe ge
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I 's a sha k. o a kind used in mo o ehicles
? The coa is a piece o clo hing. The be anko is, a wa m women's d ess, is a bel . This
wo d is illus a ed by he da a o he 18 h-cen u y Li huanian dic iona y and he 17 h-
and 19 h-cen u y w i ings and is quali ied as a polonism. I is also conside ed PŽ, plg. le
in Polish. Co on and a icles he eo ou e ga men s o men and women,
unde ga men s; 2. he ma shals o he cou ; 3. The ma shmallows ha we e used o
p epa e he condemned o be bu ned a he s ake; 4. loa ing ship; and k . ; I 's aining
ca s and dogs. clo hes o men; 2. o ca y away, no o enew, o keep a ski < le. he
dial. he cabacik kabaćīk ‘palaidinis; o emale slaugh e house; emale hal -b eeds (PŽ:
83). Dėl lenkų žodžio kilmės PŽ nu odomos ys galimos e imologijos, a p jų
and eng iška: eng . The cabbage is cooked. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on
o s eel he coa ; sho uppe women's jacke . Howe e , in Hunga ian, he wo d is
men ioned only since 1751 (EWUng I: 654), and he i s men ion o he Li huanian wo d is
da ed 1747 in he Pilypo Ruig dic iona y (Ruhig 1747). The e o e, he possibili y ha he
Hunga ian wo d was le. I 's aining. I 's aining. I 's aining. Hunga ian The e ymology o
kabá is de i ed om one o he Wes Sla ic languages, p obably om Slo ak, kabá
[…]apsiaus as, palaidinė, š a kas[…]. Thus, he wo e ymologies p oposed by he PZ emain un ouched:
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
86 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac o Li huania)
1. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: he coa is w apped up o he wais ; he
d i e 's clo hing; he jacke < bulg. old women's clo hing; w apped wi hou slee es
and he like. […] g . καβάδιo […] male clo hing […] pe s. qabāh […] o e coa , wo n
a ound he wais […] and 2. lo. cap[p]a ‘swo n wi h a gob u u, capa us ‘swo n wi h
a gob u u (PŽ: 338). O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : I 's going
o happen. In Li huanian, some e ymologis s conside i o be polonized (LKŽe): le.
I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you. I is also impo an o no e
ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s
om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he
p inciple o equal ea men o men and women. Since his e m is common in
many languages, he sou ce o he Li huanian wo d could also be bl . 1616 (Hollós
1996: 35) is he name o he song. The PZ does no conside his wo d as a polonism,
which indi ec ly con i ms he Bulga ian e ymology. Ca boni e ous, ca boni e ous
[…] oks bo agas, bizunas[…] […]le. I is also known as ca boni e ous. (Dialec )
ca bacz, you know. I'm no going o lie o you. The co be s. p is equal o < Se bian
language The kò bāč. p is equal o < eigh . The c ab. p is equal o This Regula ion
shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Robe Vološas (Wołosz 19911992: 270) and
Voiciechas Smočinskis did no conside he media ion o he Hunga ian language o
be necessa y. The Polish speake de i es he Li huanian wo d om s. bl . The ca b
< eigh . O he , o a a con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : The ac ha he
bo owing is ound only in he dic iona ies and olklo e o he Li huanian dialec s
o he Ge manic languages o Li le Li huania, ne e heless, mo e con i ms he
Polish e ymology (wi h a possible in e media e p onuncia ion o he Ge man
a, kosza , kosza y (pl.) 1. ‘ap a as a ims gany i miške’; 2. ‘kalėjimas’; 3. ‘ka ei-
language, see . dial. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: This Regula ion shall
nis ‘kume is’ (PŽ: 365). Veng ų e imologų i inama, kad eng . kosá 1313
en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal
o he Eu opean Union. The ca iage, he ca iage, he ca iage, he ca iage, he
ca iage, he ca iage. Ca iage o 1641 pick om he can; 2. […] ankogalis[…] is a
G eek wo d. cow 1539 […]py ankė om he ska dos[…] (PŽ: 364), plg. ka […] anka[…]
and as […]geležis[…]. The meaning o he pa o he ga men o igina ed in he
Polish language. The i s meaning is no los in ei he Li huanian o Bela usian
languages, see bl . You a e 1689 ‘ ankogalis (HSBM 14: 284; Zol án 2006: 499). ? Kašã ai
(pl.) […] he esiden ial houses o he a m wo ke s, he kume ynas […] le. I 's called "Kosza inė". I'm no su e I'm eady o his. Wha 's he ma e ? he ollowing able is inse ed: he ende e ; o a kind used in mo o ehicles kašã i- […]a place whe e sheep a e g azed[…] is a common e m in many languages o he shephe ding o Wallachian sheep, which may ha e en e ed he Hunga ian language om he Romanian language, bu in pa allel i may also ha e en e ed om he Slo ak and Uk ainian languages (EWUng II: 805). R. Vološas belie es ha i may ha e been bo owed in o Polish ei he om Hunga ian o om Romanian (Wołosz 1989: 271272). The seman ic o igin o he Li huanian wo d emains unclea , as i is no used in any o he languages men ioned, bu i is undoub edly he closes o i . he meaning o p ison, p ison, om which i could ha e eme ged, bu he e is no enough da a o suppo his assump ion.
A icles o he 87 h
Kele as galimų eng ų kalbos skolinių lie u ių kalboje
ka ánka […] sho ou e ga men […], ka énka […] slee eless shi wi h slee es, wo n
a ound he wais […] (LKŽe). In li e a u e, he o m ka ánka is usually de i ed om le.
(Dialec ) he ka anka […] is a sho d ess, a s ip, a ed, a mill. This wo d is also he
o igin o he . ka anka ‘ . p is equal o 1664, c . also c . The ca acombs o 1602. Thus,
ka énka may be he seconda y o m ha a ose in he Li huanian language (in my
Smočinskis: lie . ka énka < bl . he dial. he ka ánka < le This Regula ion shall en e
in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Due o he absence o he seman ic ‘clo hes, PŽ is
nega i e le. The ka ana is connec ed o he eng . Ka ona […]ka ys[…] (I alian:
ca ano […]pilies mas e , small assal[…] (EWUng I: 712)) and he p oposed wo d is
ela ed o he I alian ca ana […]medžio ojo s iukė[…] (PŽ: 368[…]369). Howe e , he
meaning o he ga men may ha e o igina ed in Polish (Hollós 1996: 34), see le. ka ona
as ea ly as 1562 ka an(a) […]ka ys[…] 16 h cen u y ([…] ing . ka ana […]ka io a med
se an ; a med ca al y[…] 1273), in which such a manu ac u ing model (clo hing name
om a pe sonal designa ion wi h he su ix -ka) is ex emely p oduc i e, e.g.
bekieszka […] s iiaukė […] […] su name Bekiesz, ba o ówka […] am ik a kepu ė […]
su name Ba o y, ma yna ka […] s iiauk […] […] […] ma zyna . The e o e, he
seman ics allows Li huanian wo d o be linked o eng . I 's a ca . ? I 's going o blow,
i 's going o blow. The e ymology o his wo d in Hunga ian wi h a bo owing om
Polish implies PŽ: le. he dial. quan i y 1. he ollowing pa ag aph is added: 2. he skin
o innocence, he cunnus; he cli o is; 3. ‘(laugh e ) woman; 4. he appea ance,
appea ance, appea ance o he […]. See also bl . (b) he ollowing able is inse ed:
Wha 's he ma e ? quali y; 2. ‘Losing by playing ca ds (PZ: 375376); The meaning o
he wo d " oolish" is also ound in Uk ainian languages (ESUM II: 423). Thus, he
meaning o ‘k ailys, mulkis in Li huanian, Polish, Bulga ian and Uk ainian languages
coincides, bu hei connec ion wi h he Hunga ian image is unclea . Mo e
in o ma ion can be ound in he Polish e ymological dic iona ies: kiep 1. quali y; The
second s ep. […]cunnus[…] (Linde II: 994; SJP VIII: 665) and kiep 1. I is also known as
S aipsnio au o ės nuomone, bū en ši e imologija i leidžia paaiškin i eng ų
[…]cunnus[…] (Linde II: 994; SJP VIII: 665) quali y; 2. he penis […] 15 h cen u y (B ück ne
1927: 228) Aleksand as B ukne de i es he wo d kiep om he ea lie oz-kiep o
oz-skiep, and connec s hese o ms wi h le. he oscep ic […]ie is, s. . he occep ic
[…] . p is equal o and he seman ic di e ence be ween he lexemes o o he
languages. The e ymological ocabula y o he Hunga ian language eco ds wo
homonymic wo ds: Tu kish-o igin images (1) 1138 […]a aizdas, ace, ace,
appea ance[…] and al eady in 1138 ouched, bu only be o e he 16 h cen u y […] a o ą, images (2) […] okia ie is[…]. The e ymology o he second wo d is unclea . EWUng men ions he possible Sla ic o igin o he wo d and, in his way, i s connec ion wi h Veng . copy o […]ie is[…]. The au ho s acknowledge ha such an e ymology is un ounded, al hough hey do no ule ou he possibili y ha kép (2) could ha e o igina ed in he Hunga ian language as a copy o Sla ic o igin.
he phone ic a ian o […]ie is[…] (EWUng II: 730[…]731). I is also he phone ic
a ian o […]ie is[…] (EWUng II: 730[…]731). Rega dless o his e ymology, i is belie ed ha he wo d " ain" can be de i ed om " eng ". I 's oo la e. (2) he image […]
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
94 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXXIII
H. A ila, Hunga ian elemen s o Li huanian ocabula y. […] The Li huanian Na ional Assembly
is now he Cen al Commi ee o he Kele -Eu ope Language: Analogiak and con inui y o
he con e ence ma e ial, sze k. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
ELTE, 34. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
HSBM […] His o ical dic iona y o he Bela usian language 1[…]37, ed. A. I. Zhu a sky, om Minsk:
Навука і тэхніка, 1982–2017.
KEWT […] S achowski Ma ek, Ku zge aβ es e ymological Wö e buch de ü kischen
Sp ache, K aków: Księga nia Akademicka, 2019. This is he i s ime ha he e m has
been used in he Tu kish language. Kocsis Mihály 2018: A szlá nazálisok is a householde . He is a membe o he Kocsis Mihály amily. […] Hunga ian Nyel 114, 68[…]77. The DOI:
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
K egždys Rolandas 2018: Onyms and Appella i es o Onomas ic O igin o he Dic iona y
o Polish Loanwo ds in Li huanian. Onomas ics […] neohumanis ics […] social sciences,
ed. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in his way. U. Bijak, H. Gó ny,
M. Magda-Czekaj, K aków: Polish Academy o Sciences, Polish Language Ins i u e, 271
[…] 285. This is he i s ime ha he Polish language has been augh in a Polish school.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Hunga ian elemen s in he lexicon o he Li huanian language. I 's called Miscellanea Co iniana. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Linde Samuel Bogumił 1855: Słownik Polish language 2, wyd. pop . and enla ged,
Lwów: Na ional Fund. The Ossolians.
LKŽe […] Li huanian language dic iona y 1[…]20 (1941[…]2002), edi ed by This is G. Nak inienė;
e. a ian , Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Language, 2005 ( enewed e sion, 2017). Access
o he In e ne : www.lkz.l .
Ma ulienė Elena 2015: The o namen a ion o he pocke s o he na ional cos ume
o he Bal ic egion. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This
Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The ollowing is an exce p om Mikolas Miežinis 1894: Li huanian-La ian-Russian dic iona y, Tilsi :
This is M. No eskis.
Nesselmann Geo g Hein ich Fe dinand 1851: Wö e buch de Li auischen Sp ache,
Königsbe g: Geb üde Bo n äge . He was bo n in Königsbe g, Ge many, and was aised in
he ci y o Königsbe g. PŽ […] K egždys Rolandas, a dic iona y o Polish wo ds in
Li huanian. Polish slang in Li huanian language. S udia E ymologica Bal ica 2, Vilnius:
Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language, 2016. PW […] P eussisches Wö e buch. I is also
known as he P eussisches Wö e buch. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 1, Mainz: The Academy o Sciences and Li e a u e o he Wachholz
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.

S aipsniai / A icles 95
Kele as galimų eng ų kalbos skolinių lie u ių kalboje
Ragauskienė Raimonda 2008: Hunga ians S a us in he G and Duchy o Li huania unde
he Rule o Jagiello and S ephen (sic!) Ba o a (1492-1586). Hunga ians in he G and Duchy
o Li huania du ing he eigns o Alexande Jogailičius and S epan Ba o (1492-1586). […]
S o y 72, 21 and 31.
Ragauskienė Raimonda, Ragauskas Ai as 2018: We a e a away bu close. His o ical
ela ions be ween Li huania and Hunga y, Vilnius. I is a ailable on he In e ne a :
ile/C:Use s/Use /Downloads/TOLIMOS_BET_ARTIMOS_LIETUVOS_IR_VENGRIJOS_ISTORINI-
AI_RY%-C5%A0IAI_LIT_2019.12%20(11).pd [ iewed om 30 Oc obe 2019] Ruhig Philipp 1747:
Li huanian-Ge man and Ge man-Li huanian Lexicon, Königsbe g: J. H. Ha ung.
The dic iona y o he ium lingua um, In usum S udiosae Iu en u is, by A c o e ... by
Cons an ine Szy wid ... by Vilna, 1620
SEJL […] Smoczyński Wojciech, Słownik e ymological language o Li huania, Wilno:
Uni e si y o Wileński, Facul y o Philology, 2007. This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in he Li huanian language.
SEJLe […] Smoczyński Wojciech, Slo ak e ymological language o Li huania, coope a ion
wi h he edi o ial o ice M. Osłon. This is a lis o ilms p oduced by he Syndica e o
B i ish Cinema in he Uni ed Kingdom based in Sydney, Aus alia.The ilm is based on he
no el o he same name.The ilm was eleased in he Uni ed Kingdom on 2 Feb ua y 2019.
SJP […] Słownik Polish language1[…]11, ed. W. Do oszewski, Wa saw: Polish Academy
Well, om 1958 o 1969.
S achowski Ma ek 2002: Uwagi o wyb anych e ymologiach węgie skich w języku polskim (Wow
and he Polish e ymology o he Hunga ian language in Polish) This is he case in he case o he
Sla ic Academy o Sciences o Hunga y 47, 45-52. Tó h Szilá d 2003: Hunga ian in he La ian
Wo scha z (wi h special conside a ion o he Tokaj Wo ). […] Miscellanea Co iniana:
Köszön ő köny Hollós A ila 70. szüle ésnapjá a, Budapes : ELTE BTK, 344[…]348. This is he
i s ime ha he book has been published in he Eu opean Union. This Decision shall en e in o
o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he
Eu opean Union. To h Szilá d 2007: Ismé a lecsó- ól. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. […]
языка – латгальское kun uži. – Via La galica 8, 30–36. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://jou -
Hunga ian Nyel 103, 206 o 208. Szilá d Tó h 2016: Ano he ime o he issue o indi ec
Hunga ianiza ion o La ian nals. a.l /index.php/LATG/a icle iew/227253 [ iewed 2019-07-23].
This is Tó h Szilá d 2016a. Hunga ian pe sonal p onouns in La ian. On he occasion o he 143 d
bi hday o he Academician Jānis Endzelīna, he in e na ional scien i ic con e ence
Sugas ā di un īpaš ā di in language and linguis ics was held on 22-23 Janua y 2016. Feb ua y,
Riga: Uni e si y o La ia, 38-41. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h p: www.lula i.l /media/upload/ iny:// iles/Endzelins_abs ac s_2016.pd .
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
96 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXXIII
To h Szila d Tibo 2018: Zu den unga isch-le ischen Lehnbeziehungen: übe die
Va ian o he le e . he haiduks o Heiduck; Bedien e , Söldne . Wha a e you doing? The
145 h bi hday o he academician Jānis Endzelīna is commemo a ed a he in e na ional
scien i ic con e ence Valoda in many o ms, Feb ua y 22, 2018. Feb ua y, Riga: Uni e si y o
La ia, 58 o 60. Vasilie a Klemen ina (Li huanian Language Compa a i e Dic iona y, Vilnius:
Mokslas, 1985) is a Li huanian w i e and academic. Wołosz Robe 1989: Wy azy węgie skie w
języku polskim I. […] S udia Sla ica Hunga ica 35, 215[…]317. He is also a membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Hunga ian Academy o Sciences.
Wołosz Robe 1991[…]1992: Wy azy węgie skie w języku polskim II. […] S udia Sla ica (Sla ic S udies) is a Polish language school loca ed in he ci y o W oclaw, Poland.
Hunga ian 37, 327.
Zol án And ás was bo n in 1978 in H. Leeming. The ole o Polish language in he
de elopmen o Russian lexicon un il 1696. Types o o igin o he Lacian. (Polish
Academy o Sciences, Oddział w K akowie, P ace Komisji Językoznaws wa No. 44) is
loca ed in he ci y o K akow, Poland. W ocław, Wa saw, K akow and Gdańsk in 1976 118
c . and This is he case o he S udia Sla ica Academiae Scien ia um Hunga icae 24,
422-426. Zol án And ás 2005: Węgie sko-polsko-biało uskie związki językowe i
kul u alne za czasów S e an Ba o ego (Węgie sko-polish-biało ussian linguis ic and cul u al connec ions o he ime o S e an Ba o ego) is a book by he Polish w i e S e an Ba o ek, published in 2005. […] Ac a Alba u henica 5, a scien i ic collec ion, unde he common o de . M. Haus o ich and A. Ba she sky. S. Zap udsky, elease 5, Minsk: Righ and
I 's called economics. 279–283.
Zol án And ás 2006: Magya sza ak as ó ehé o oszban (Magya sza ak as
ó ehé o oszban) is a Hunga ian ilm di ec ed by Zol án And ás, which was eleased in 2006. W i e Pusz ai in hono o Fe enc, please. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Аникин Александр Е. 2003: Русский этимологический словарь, выпуск 3,
Москва: ИРЯ РАН, Ин-т филологии СО РАН.
Аникин Александр Е. 2015: Русский этимологический словарь, выпуск 9,
Москва: ИРЯ РАН, Ин-т филологии СО РАН.
I'm no going o lie o you. 1980: Lec u es in he Bela usian language,
14 h-18 h cen u ies, ed. A. I. Zhu a sky, Minsk: Science and echnology.
Kiš Lajš 1963: The o igin o he wo ds bekeša, kučma, šalaš and šišak.
– Этимологические исследования по русскому языку, выпуск 4, Москва, 48–65.
Молдован Александр М. 2011: К этимологии слова мент. – Русский язык в
In he scien i ic li e a u e 2(22), 4767.
A icles o he 97 h
Kele as galimų eng ų kalbos skolinių lie u ių kalboje
Some Po en ial Bo owings
om Hunga ian in o Li huanian
Summa y
Mos o he Li huanian lexemes o Hunga ian o igin analyzed in his pape , belong o mili a y
e minology, a e he names o di e en weapons o ools used by Hunga ian Hussa s o pa s o
hei uni o m. A smalle amoun o he bo owed wo ds e e o p oduc s impo ed om he
o me Kingdom o Hunga y (which also means he sou he n e i o ies).
o con empo a y Slo akia) in o he G and Duchy o Li huania. So, hese bo owings e lec
15 h o 17 h cen u ies.
I is cha ac e is ic, especially o he bo owed mili a y e minology, ha in Li huanian, o in
many cases al eady in Polish, hey ha e unde gone a mo e o less signi ican seman ic change,
de eloping new, me apho ical meanings (e.g. ba dišius ‘halbe d → ‘ all pe son, kun ušas ‘ca an;
jacke → ‘dishe eled hai , mane). This seman ic change means he shi om a speci ic mili a y
e m o a wo d belonging o he common e e yday lexicon (e.g. ka ašas: ‘a mo → ‘cu ,
ka anka ‘soldie s coa → ‘kind o coa , šoblė ‘sabe ‘scu ching swo d). A clea adap a ion o
seman ics o he local eali y shows he wo d an alikas ‘kind o ba el, used in Hunga y o
wine, bu in Li huania o bee . Mos o he analysed lexemes we e bo owed in o Li huanian
h ough Polish. Only in a ew cases, whe e he wo d is egis e ed in Eas e n P ussia, he
in luence o Ge man can be aken in o conside a ion.
The la es esea ch o Li huanian his o ians (Ragauskienė, 2008; Ragauskas, 2018) ega ding he
ole o Hunga ians in he G and Duchy o Li huania allows us o aise a hypo hesis abou he
di ec in luence o he Hunga ian language (e.g. he accen ed i s syllable in Béke). Howe e , i
seems impossible o p o e his in luence, as he phone ic adap a ion o Hunga ian wo ds would
heo e ically gi e he same Li huanian o ms as wo ds bo owed om Sla ic languages (e.g.
eplacing Hunga ian labial [] wi h [o], see Ka as: ka os).
Finally, i has o be emphasized ha lexemes o Hunga ian o igin (wi h a e excep ions like
husa as, eidukas, abo as) a e ex emely a ely o e en no longe used and known in
con empo a y S anda d Li huanian. They a he belong o dialec al lexicon o his o ical
e minology.
Deli e ed on 10 June 2020
ARANKA LACZHÁZI
Facul y o Philology o he Uni e si y o Lo aine
Múzeum kö u 4/D, H-1088 Budapeš as, Veng ija