A icles by A icles 149
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Mokslinių y imų k yp ys: dialek ologija, geoling is ika,
socioling is ika.
AIDAS GUDAITIS
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0001-7098-3143 Resea ch
a eas include geolinguis ics, a ea esea ch.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Eas e n Highlands
Di e en ia ion o owne ship
The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I:
GEOERDVINIS ASPEKTAS
The Change o Phone ic Di e en ial Fea u e
in he Eas e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec o
Pane ėžys: he Geospa ial App oach
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
S aipsnyje pi mą ka ą Lie u oje GIS echnologijos pag indu eikiančiais geoe d inės
The me hod o analysis examines one o he dis inc i e phone ic ea u es o eas e n
highland pane ėžys […] he mixed diph hongs o he c ossed and unc ossed s ones, am he
co espondence espec i ely [on], [om], adi ionally called oka imu. The aim o he s udy is
o de e mine he damage caused by in lamma ion o e 100 yea s and o assess he
con inui y o his ai . The a icle p esen s an analysis o he cause, based on wo laye s
o he e minology ma e ial: he esea ch o Pe o Bū ėno (1932: 168-193) and he sound
eco dings s o ed in he a chi es o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e's e minology.
Addi ional socioeconomic and socio-cul u al da a a e used o assess he con inui y o he cha ac e is ic unde s udy.
150 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
I has been de e mined ha he a ea o he opening has changed. F om he poin o iew
o ime, he up u e o he cu ing change could ha e aken place du ing he Second
Wo ld Wa and he pos -wa pe iod. The esul s ob ained show a ai ly consis en and
g adual decline in he appea ance. This is e idenced by he la es socioeconomic and socio-cul u al da a.
ESMINIAI WORDS: eas e n high- ise b ewe ies, Pe as Bū ėnas, he opening,
geoe d inė analizė, a minių ypa ybių kai a.
ANNOTATION
The a icle deals wi h one o he phone ic di e en ial ea u es o he Pane ėžys subdialec o
Eas e n Aukš ai ian. This phone ic ea u e is cha ac e ized by p onuncia ion [on], [om] o
s essed and uns essed semi-diph hongs an, am in he s em, ha is adi ionally e e ed o as
oka imas. The geospa ial me hods based on GIS echnology o geolinguis ic analysis we e used o
his dialec al ea u e o he i s ime in Li huania. The pu pose o his s udy is o de e mine he
shi o he oking ea u e o e 100 yea s and o assess i s con inui y. The a icle p esen s an
analysis o he […]oka imas[…] ea u e based on wo laye s o s o ed in he A chi e o he Dialec s
ma e ial: he esea ch made by Pe as Bū ėnas (1932: 168–193) and he audio eco dings
a he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language. Addi ional socio-economic and socio-cul u al da a we e
used o assess he con inui y o he analyzed phone ic ea u e.
The a ea and in ensi y o he phone ic dis inc i e ea u e […]oka imas[…] was ound o ha e
changed and almos disappea ed du ing he ime. F om a ime pe spec i e, he b eaking
poin o he change in he in ensi y o use o he "okay" ea u e could ha e aken place
du ing he Second Wo ld Wa and he pos -wa pe iod. The esul s show a consis en and
g adual decline in he killing ea u e. This is also e idenced by he
ecen socio-economic and socio-cul u al da a.
KEYWORDS: Eas e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec o Pane ėžys, Pe as Bū ėnas, “oka-
imas”, geospa ial analysis, change o dialec al ea u e.
1.The ollowing able is inse ed:
In he i s desc ip i e s udies, he dis inc i e cha ac e is ics o pane ėžys and he language sys em
o pa a mė a e desc ibed as closed, wi hou aking in o accoun i s a iance (plg. Gei le (1875; Vol e
1886; 1904: 325[…]335, 338[…]340, 345[…]354; Jaunius 1970 (1898): 114[…]161; Ba ano sky 1898; Būga (1924): 82[…]83;
Salys 1992 (1935; 1946): 114[…]119, 122[…]131; Ge ullis 1930: hei cha ac e is ics […] he ou come […] o e a
pe iod o mo e han 100 yea s. In he a icle, Oka imu e e s o he s udy o he o es s o cu and
1 Remiamasi (Mikulėnienė 2011: 1927) was bo n in he illage o Remiamasi.
A icles by A icles 151
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
3546, 5465, 6676; I was 1932: 168193 and so on. The image o he s a ic pane ėžys is
also said in la e phonological s udies o pane ėžys (Zinke ičius 1966; Gi denis,
Zinke ičius 1966: 139[…]147; LKT 1970: 14, 32[…] o be examined by keeping he NORM
36; LKA I–III; Ga š a 1982: 65–74; 1982a; 1984: 74–82; Ručinskai ė 1984: 72–
76; Kačiuškienė 1984: 42–53; Kačiuškienė, Gi denis 1997: 31–36; Kazlauskas
1968: 10–20; Ga š a 1977: 76–87; Kačiuškienė, Gi denis 1982: 189–191 i
k .). Ki aip a ian , iki XX a. an osios pusės pane ėžiškių pa a mės požymiai
c i e ia (Chambe s, T udgill 2004 c . 30; see also.
Aliukai ė, Mikulėnienė 2014: 32 and k . She is a membe o he Russian Academy o Sciences. )2.
F om he eigh een h o he nine een h cen u y, he a iabili y o he
b eeding o pane ėžys began o be assessed in he wo ks. Quali a i e and
quan i a i e s udies o dis inc i e and cha ac e is ic ea u es o panels
ake in o accoun age c i e ia, e alua e he linguis ic sel -image o he
subjec s, p o isions, he in luence o mobili y on he change o linguis ic
cha ac e is ics, e c. Thus, he cha ac e is ics o he pane ėžys we e ound
in a ious ields o esea ch: desc ip i e and expe imen al (plg. The ollowing
Ma ke ičienė 2001: 29–32; Ga š a 2002: 9–18; Kačiuškienė 2003: 88–92;
LKTCh 2004: 30–34, 184–194; Kačiuškienė 2005: 49–53; 2005a: 499–503;
is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew: (i) he use o he e m
"co ec ion" in he con ex o he Uni ed Na ions Con en ion on he Righ s
ling is inių (Kačiuškienė 2005b; Ramonienė 2006: 137–148; Ge žo ai ė 2016:
o he Child (UNCRC), he Uni ed Na ions Con en ion on he Righ s o he Child
(UNCRC), he Uni ed Na ions Con en ion on he Righ s o he Child (UNCRC), and
he Uni ed Na ions Con en ion on he Righ s o he Child (UNCRC).
Šio y imo objek as y a ienos iš y ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių ski iamų-
uncu s ones as […]same is, […]do[…]ng[…]g[…]s, […]dangus, […]pɑ2ˈso[…]mj[…]dj[…], […]lo[…]ng[…]gjɛljɪsj[…]se
(Chambe s, T udgill 2004: 30).
iųjų d iga sių an, am a liepimas a i inkamai [on], [om], p z.: [1ˈkoˑndɑ] ~ kanda,
~ langelis, [komʲˈʃʲ1iː ʲ] ~ kamšy i3. Ši ne ienodo laipsnio ypa ybė būdinga didžia-
2 Angl. non-mobile olde u al male – sėslus, y esnio amžiaus, kaime gy enan is y as. NORM‘o
k i e ijus p adė as aiky i da XIX a. ieno iš geoling is ikos p adininkų Jules Gillié ono y imuo-
3 The e m "sc a ching" and "sc a ching" we e p oposed by Pe as Bū ėnas (1932: 168). O he
examples o he au ho s o he classi ica ion o he same a ea o he spaces a e he e ms chosen
by he au ho s o he classi ica ion o he same a ea o he spaces o he seconda y (Ba ano sky
1898: 15, 32[…]33), he uppe uppe pan he s and pon oone s (Salys 1992 (1946: 104[…]109), he uppe
pan e s and he lowe pan he s (Gi denis, Zinke ičius 1966: 139[…]147). In he old and cu en
classi ica ion o spawning a eas, he a ea is conside ed o be a pane ėžiški a ea, which a ies
152 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
be ween mixed doubles an, am, en, em and he esul ing […], […] eplies. In he a ea o i s s onges
impac , i sha es he a ea o he eas e n highlands o he Pane ėžys (see i s place in he cu en classi ica ion o adi ional bo de s, Fig. 1).
1 pAV. O he The aim o his a icle is o assess he damage caused by e osion o e 100 yea s and
o p edic i s con inui y using he me hods o geode ic analysis. The aim is o achie e he
ollowing objec i es: 1) Based on a s udy ca ied ou by Pe o Bū ėno (1932: 168-193) almos 100
yea s ago (in he pe iod 1923-1932), he GIS me hod econs uc ed he a ea o he sp ead o he
disease a he beginning o he 20 h cen u y and assessed he in ensi y o consump ion o his
ai a ha ime (see also Čepai ienė, Gudai is s ongly, no o be con used wi h an, am, en, em
om which hey come, ą, ę, as well as s ongly p onounced an, am a e ansla ed in o [on], [om],
[en], [em], [o], [e], and s ongly p onounced en, em a e p onounced as in common pa lance (Gi denis,
Zinke ičius 139: 1966 […] k 147 and.).
4 We since ely hank P o . D . The Danguolei
I 's o my g andmo he .
A icles by A icles 153
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
2021); 2) based on he esul s ob ained, selec he mixed doubles o he Chihuahua
ie o es, pa enkančias į ski ingo laipsnio oka imo papli imo zoną; 3) klausan is
daugiausia XXI a. p adžioje šiuose plo uose su ink ų ga so į ašų, už iksuo i ki -
and non-Ki chui ibe in he isola ed a ea, and he esul s o he olde and younge
(when he e a e no da a) gene a ions o speake s in he speech5; 4) based on he
analysis o he audio eco dings, assess he damage o he p onuncia ion and
de e mine he app oxima e ime when i is likely o cease o be occupied, o
ins ead o he mixed doubles o he [on], [om] mo e sys ema ically use he nea by
languages; 5) based on socio-economic and socio-cul u al da a (see chap e 2), o
assess he con inui y o he cause.
The esea ch ma e ial consis s o : 1) a s udy o he sound o he shells published
in an a icle in he jou nal (1932: 168 […] 193), on he basis o which he limi s and
in ensi y o consump ion o he shells a he beginning o he 20 h cen u y we e
econs uc ed (see D . Čepai ienė, Gudai is, 2021) 2) 456 submissions, bo n in 1888,
eco ded mainly om he shells o he shells in he 21s cen u y, i.e. om
esiden ial a eas, dis inguishes be ween mixed and isola ed shells (see Fig. II. 83 […]
69 […] 1996). 24 olde , 21 middle and younge gene a ion language ma e ials a e
co e ed.
The con inui y o he cha ac e is ic unde s udy is p edic ed on he basis o he a o emen ioned
socioeconomic and socio-cul u al da a (see sec ion 2 o mo e in o ma ion). The ools o geode ic
analysis unc ioning on he basis o he applied geoin o ma ion sys ems (GIS) echnology in he s udy
allow o e alua e and isualize he a iabili y o he Li huanian language di e en ly han be o e. Only
wo sound eco dings we e eco ded in he second hal o he 20 h cen u y. 6 I should be emphasized
ha he au ho a ibu ed mo e linguis ic ea u es o he oka imu: no only he mixed doubles, he am
a liepins, which a e chosen in his s udy, bu also he c ossed and unc ossed long s ems. 7 The s udy
sough o e alua e he oka imu ha m based on he language o he olde and younge gene a ions.
balsių ą, ę bei miš iųjų d iga sių en, em a liepinius (Bū ėnas 1932: 179).
Howe e , in places whe e he e a e no sound eco dings o he ep esen a i es o he younge
gene a ion, oge he wi h he olde ones, he language o he in o man s o he middle age was chosen
o be s udied.

The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV is he 154 h
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
2 pAV . Gy enamosios ie o ės, pasi ink os oka imo y imui (Čepai ienė, Gudai is 2021)
A icles by A icles 155
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
2. TYRIMO METODIKA IR ĮRANKIAI
Šiandien kalbos a ian iškumo y imus iš esmės keičia XX a. šeš ajame de-
GIS echniques and me hods eme ged in he 20 h cen u y and ha e been applied in
linguis ics. I analyses da a om he a las o Ame ican bo de s8 (Lee,
K e schma 1993: 541[…]560), he a ia ion o bo de s in wes e n Pennsyl ania
(Ayad, Lu hin 2009: 1[…]26), he change in bo de s and bounda ies in Thailand
(Tee a ojana a , Tingsabadh 2011: 36; 2011a: 55[…]75); Fo mo e in o ma ion on he
applica ions o GIS ools and me hods in geolinguis ics, see Hoch, Hayes 2010: 23 […]
36; Lameli e al. 2010, also see Lee e al. 2018: 152 […] 156 and o he s. The dis inc i e
a mės GIS me odais da nenag inė os.
Oka imo papli imo a ealo ekons ukcija. Siekian išski i XX a.
p adžios oka imo papli imo a ealą bei į e in i šios ypa ybės uome į in ensy-
umą, GIS echnologijos p iemonėmis („Es i A cGIS P o“ bei plė iniai) bu o
ea u es o he pane ėžys and, in gene al, he Li huanian ones iden i ied and
į ai aus laipsnio okuojančių bei au o iaus adin ų kaimyninių šnek ų gy en ie-
localized in Bū ėno's a icle (1932: 168209) a e named, he bounda ies o he na u al
sel - alk a e dis inguished and desc ibed in de ail. The loca ion o he his o ical
se lemen s and he desc ibed na u al bounda ies was speci ied, addi ionally
based on he opog aphical maps o Li huania om 1914 o 1945 (see LMA
V uble ski lib a y maps) and he ca og aphic ma e ial o he su eyo s o he
e i o ies o ha ime, An ano Salio: 1) he Ge man map o he wes e n Ruslands
(1914-1921), he Ge man map o he e i o ies o he Reich (1940-1944), he
Li huanian map o he e i o ies (1:100,000); 3) he Li huanian map o he
e i o ies (1:100,000). Fo iden i ied se lemen s and isola ed occupie s and
myninių pašnekčių a ealų poligonams9 bu o p iski os ki čiuo ų i neki čiuo ų
so-called mixed-use se lemen s an, am a liepimo [ɑn], [ɑm]; [one] and [one] [n], [m]
in ensi y alues: 0 no applied o a pa icula a ian , 1 applied mixed, 2 applied
sys ema ically.
These meanings a e gi en o he poin elemen laye o he polygons o he cen oid cen e s o
he se lemen s belonging o he a ea unde s udy […] ou o a o al o 2356 laye s o he
lą pa enkančioms gy en ie ėms, išski oms iš VĮ Regis ų cen o iešai eikia-
mo Lie u os Respublikos Ad esų egis o e d inių duomenų inkinio Lie u os
se lemen elemen s o he a ea o he Republic o Li huania (da a cu en : 2020-10-01), (see
Se lemen a ea o he Republic o Li huania). 8 English Linguis ic A las o he Middle and Sou h
A lan ic S a es (LAMSAS). 9 Fo mo e in o ma ion on he polygon sepa a ion me hod, see Yamada
2016, 2[…]6 and he lis o li e a u e ci ed he e, ESRI 2004, see also Tee a ojana a , Tingsabadh
2011a: 72 and k . ; see also I 's called he Mikulėnienė, he Čepai ienė.
2021.
156 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
By applying he empi ical Bayesian K iging geos a ic in e pola ion me hod (b oade
see Wha is empi ical Bayesian k iging?) o he laye o elemen s o habi a s, a
mix u e o c ossed and unc ossed s ones was ob ained. [one] and [one] [n], [m]
in ensi y dis ibu ion o he as e su aces. The o al esul o he
in e pola ion o he as e su aces is gi en in Figu e 3. P ognosis o eye
con inui y. To assess he con inui y o he cha ac e is ic o he su eyed a ea,
he e i o y o he iden i ied occupied se lemen a eas was di ided in o
demog aphic and socioeconomic da a o 2018-2019 p o ided by he Es i A cGIS
į 418 10 km² heksagonų. Jų e d inei analizei a lik i pasi elk as poligonų p a u -
inimo socioekonominiais duomenimis me odas (plačiau ž . En ich (Analysis))10.
Sugene uo ų heksagonų p a u inimui naudo i Michael Baue Resea ch GmbH
pla o m (see Michael Baue Resea ch GmbH o mo e in o ma ion). Hexagons
we e analyzed using geos a is ical analysis me hods o en ich linguis ic ea u es,
demog aphic and socioeconomic da a.
3. XX A. The sp ead o he PRAGIOUS OKAVIM
RENOVATION and imp o emen o he
SYVUMAS AREALE, REMIANTIS BUTNO I is also known as
DENIMIS is he name o he coun y.
Bū ėno a lik u y imu nus a y a, kad XX a. p adžioje okuo a didžiojoje šiau ės
pane ėžiškių pa a mės dalyje (ž . Bū ėnas 1932: 168–209, da plg. Бaрaновскiй
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ; The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
Acco ding o he da a, he in ensi y o he blowing is une en in he indica ed a ea. he angle;
XX a. p adžioje nuosekliausiai okuo a cen inėje pane ėžiškių oka imo a ealo da-
lyje aplink Vaškus, Joniškėlį, Pušalo ą, Smilgius, Pane ėžį, Naujamies į, čia i -
ap adžiai, i agaliai i neki čiuo i miš ieji d iga siai an, am a liep i [on], [om],
p z.: [1ˈpoˑnʲ ʲɪsʲ] ~ pan is, [1ˈsoˑmʲ ʲɪsʲ] ~ sam is; [2ˈ oŋˑko] ~ anką, [2ˈkomˑpɑs] ~
[loŋˈgjɛljɪsj] ~ he slope, [komjɛˈpjljɪsj] ~ he camp (also see able 1). 10 The main unc ion o da a
en ichmen ools is o supplemen he geog aphical objec s unde s udy and hei e i o ies wi h
demog aphic, business, economic o landscape a ibu es ha allow a clea e unde s anding o he
socioeconomic esea ch en i onmen . To pe o m he polygons en ichmen ask, Es i's A cGIS
echnology uses a g anula poin da ase ha ep esen s se lemen s and uses a complex
geop ocessing algo i hm o calcula e geos a ic da a. Fo mo e in o ma ion on he me hodology o he
ins umen o da a en ichmen , see Da e o alloca ion.
A icles o he 157 h a icle
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
3 pAV. O he In he beginning o he wen ie h cen u y (Čepai ienė, Gudai is 2021) he
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
9 o he AV. Indica o s o educa ion, unemploymen and pu chasing powe in he a ea o he occupied slums
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The pain ing also shows ou clus e s, o socio-economic cen e s (yellow colo ),
housing mo e younge amilies, he e he quali y o li e o he ci ies o
y a aukš esnė, lyginan su likusiu a ealu: ai s i ys aplink Pas alio, Pak uojo i
Pane ėžys, as well as a ound Rad iliškis (see Mikulėnienė, Čepai ienė 2021).
13 Žyd os spal os plo e už iksuo i aukš os pe kamosios galios odikliai i didesnės aukš ojo išsila i-
pe cen age o he popula ion o he municipali y, in he pu ple […] highe unemploymen a es and highe
p adinio išsila inimo p ocen inės dalies populiacija.

A icles o he T ea y
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
10 o he AV. a. Mul i-c i e ia pu chasing powe o he a ea o he occupied plo s, unemployed pe sons
y esniosios ka os (60 i y esni) gy en ojų odiklių klas e izacija14
Ki aip a ian , šiuose a ealuose adicinės pane ėžiškių pa a mės pag indu
o muojasi naujieji a miniai da iniai: ai aka inių y ų aukš aičių egiolek-
as, ku io cen as y a Pane ėžys, i Pas alio geolek as (Aliūkai ė, Mikulėnienė
and 2014a: 257[…]266; Čepai ienė 2018; 2019: 39[…]74 and o he s. Thei linguis ic basis is no he dis inc i e
cha ac e is ics o he pan-Eu opean dialec , one o which is he p onuncia ion, bu , on he con a y,
he sub le linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he use s o he language. The e o e, his a ea is conside ed
o be one o he a eas whe e he spo ing is likely o ha e disappea ed i s . 14 Figu e 1 indica es an
a ea wi h low pu chasing powe , high unemploymen and a highe p opo ion o he olde gene a ion,
igu e 2 […] an a ea wi h high pu chasing powe , low unemploymen and a lowe p opo ion o he olde
gene a ion.
15 Pa yzdžiui, neki čiuo ų kamieno ilgųjų ė, ie a liepimas [e], o, uo – [o], ([pʲeˈnʲɛˑlʲæ] ~ pienelio,
[do1ˈnʲiː ʲe] ~ duony ę, [kʲe1ˈdɑˑɪnʲʊ] ~ Kėdainių); neki čiuo ų kamieno ilgųjų balsių y, ū a imas
umpaisiais pažemin o pakilimo [ɪ], [ʊ], ([gʲɪ1ˈʋʲɛˑnʲ ʲ] ~ gy en i, [pɑʒʲʊ1ˈ ʲeːk] ~ pažiū ėk); neki -
čiuo o a ba u inčio a i auk inį ki į kamieno umpojo (i su umpėjusio iš ilgojo) balsio i p ieš
166, Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV, which was published in
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
In summa y, i can be p edic ed ha he o ma ion may e en ually disappea
and cease o exis as pa o he Pas ali geolec o (and) he wes e n eas e n
highland egion, he cen e o which is Pane ėžys, he e m o he ma king o
he ma king ibe s (see Mikulėnienė 2019: 60 […] 61).
I is belie ed ha , possibly a e he disappea ance o he oka im, he complex
o in e media e de i a i es ha a e o ming o ha e o med in he a ea o he
a o emen ioned pane ėžys will be o med by o he mo e o less p onounced
phonological, mo phological and de i a i e ma ke s (Mikulėnienė 2019: 60[…]61).
6. Excluded
Geoe d inės analizės me odais į e inus oka imo kai ą pe 100 me ų, galima
o make such p elimina y conclusions.
One o he dis inguishing ea u es o he no heas e n highlands is he mixed
doubles o he cu and uncu s one, am adjec i e [on], [om], o he blowing, kin a,
mo e o en used by ep esen a i es o he language in a ian s close o he
common language [nɑ], [ɑm].
Laiko požiū iu, oka imo kai os lūžis galėjo yk i An ojo pasaulinio ka o i
poka io laiko a piu. Šiuo laiko a piu gimusių pa eikėjų kalboje nus a y a oka i-
signs o change o ex inc ion.
F om he E d in poin o iew, he change in he ocus is likely o ha e ollowed
he ollowing sequence: i s , he ocus was abandoned in he linguis ically mixed
eas e n ocus a ea, simila o he ime in he […] cen al ocus a ea, and inally
he ocus s opped in he wes e n ocus a ea. Fi s o all, he mos s iking
p onuncia ion o […] i mly p onounced an, am is d opped, [on], [om].
I is hypo hesized ha he la ge pane ėžys will e en ually disappea and no longe be
pa a mės plo o mies ai: Pane ėžys, Pas alys, Pak uojis i Rad iliškio apylinkės.
pa o he Pas alio geo lek o o (and) he egion o wes e n highlands, whose
cen e is Pane ėžys, pa o he a miškų žymenų ibe .
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S aipsniai / A icles 167
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geoe d inis aspek as
P oceedings, 13 July o 17 July, San Diego, Cali o nia, Uni ed S a es o Ame ica, 1 July o
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This is A cGIS. Da e o alloca ion. This app op ia ion is in ended o co e
commi men s emaining o be se led om p e ious p og amming pe iods in espec o commi men s emaining o be se led om p e ious p og amming pe iods.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The book was published by Rink iniai Raš ai, Vilnius, Vilnius S a e Publishing House
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168 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
Agnieszka Czesławska: The his o y and his o y o he ci y o Agnieszka Czesławska […]
P oblems o language his o y and dialec ology 5, sud. R. Bakšienė, N. Mo ozo a, Vilnius:
kalbos ins i u as, 44–75.
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žiū iu. – Taikomoji kalbo y a 12, 39–74. P ieiga in e ne e: h ps:// aikomojikalbo y a.
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language a e he Aukš ai ian subdialec s o he Li huanian language. […]
Scando-Sla ica 65, 1[…]37. This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o ind
a solu ion o his p oblem. Agnieszka Gudai is Aidas, he au ho o he book "The
econs uc ion o he bounda ies o he occupied sh ines o Pe o Bea e" […] Cul u al
s udies in Pane ėžys: Pe as Bū ėnas (adop ed o p in ing). This is En ich (analysis). I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h psp o.a cgis.com o enp o-app o la es ool- e e ence o analysis o en ich.h m.
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Su ey […] 87. o he yphus. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
G. Kazimie z (1982): The ex s o he ske ches o he Joniškėlio dis ic , Vilnius:
Vilnius Uni e si y publishing house.
In he 1980's, he was he lead singe o he No h Wes Panegy ic Acous ic and
Ci cum lexion Bands. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day
ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ga sh a Kazimie as, The de elopmen o he Pane ėžys phonology ac oss he La ian bo de s, 2002. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 47, 9[…]18. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Ge ullis Geo g 1930: Li huanian dialec s udies, Leipzig: Ma ke & Pe e s Ve lag. He is
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g asshoppe s: bounda ies in men al maps. […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 74, 121 […] 142.
This is he i s ime ha he Ac has been amended. Ge dis Aleksas, Kačiuškienė
Geno ai ė 2006: The app oaches o he wins: he no he n lowlands and he no he n
pane ėžys. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Ge dis, Zinkiewicz, and Zygmas (1966): The classi ica ion o Li huanian languages. […] Language 14, 139 […] 147. […] Wha is he meaning o he name […]?
Shawn H. Hayes, Ph.D., is he au ho o Geolinguis ics: The Inco po a ion o
Geog aphic In o ma ion Sys ems and Science. […] The Geog aphical Bulle in 51, 23[…]36. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has been consul ed on his ma e .
How Mul i a ia e Clus e ing wo ks. P ieiga in e ne e: h ps://p o.a cgis.com/en/p o-
app/la es / ool- e e ence/spa ial-s a is ics/how-mul i a ia e-clus e ing-wo ks.h m.
A icles by A icles 169
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
Yamada Ikuho 2016: Thiessen polygon. He is a membe o he Japanese na ional eam.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s
publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Young Kazimie z (1899-1970) was he au ho o he Pane ėžys dialec . The
speake is Kazimie as Jaunius, he judge is V. D o inas, V. G ina eckis. Vilnius:
The Min . "Ka yushchenko's Geno ese" (1982): The quan i y and phonological
in e p e a ion o he no he n Pan-A yan dialec s o he Wes . […] Language 33
(1), 39 […] 45. This is no he case. The e m "phone ic in e p e a ion" was coined
in 1983 by Kaciuszko Genowiecki in his book "The Phone ic Cha ac e is ics,
Dis ibu ion and Phonological In e p e a ion o No h Pane ėžys Mu mu s." The
language is 34(1), 2438. In 1984, Kaščiakė-Geno ai ė was awa ded he i le o "No he n Pane ėžys language psychocon ulsi e classi ica ion." […] Language 35(1), 42[…]53. Wha is he meaning o he wo d […]?
Kaščiakė Geno ai ė 2000: The use o he wo ds "I" and "E" in he connec ions o he
Joniškėlio and Pak uojo dis ic s. […] Whi e philology IX, 25 and 31. Kaščiakė Geno ai ė,
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Pedagogy 69, 88 and 92. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2005: A desc ip ion o he Pane ėžio dialec s
[…] he i s scien i ic s udy o he no he n Pane ėžio dialec s. […] P oblems o language
his o y and dialec ology 1, 49[…]53. In 2005 he published a book en i led "The Place o An ano
Ba anauskas and Kazimie z Jaunowski in he His o y o he No he n Panewyadzhsky
Te i o y." […] Wo ks o he Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences 19, 499 […] 503.
Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2005b: Names o a m buildings in he no he n
Pane ėžys egion: an ancho s udy. […] Man in he space o language 4, 60[…]64.
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anap iksė in he no he n Pane ėžys egion and i s o igin. This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial
Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Kaščienė Geno ai ė, Gi denis Aleksas 1997:
Eas e n high and no he n lowland a eas: communi ies and di e ences. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Kazlauskas Jonas 1968: His o ical g amma o he Li huanian language, Vilnius: Min is.

170 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
Lameli Al ed, Keh ein Roland, S e an Rabanus (eds.) 2010: Language
and Space: an in e na ional handbook o linguis ic a ia ion. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Be lin: Mou on de G uy e .
Lee Jay, K e zschma Wiliam A. 1993: Spa ial analysis o linguis ic da a wi h
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Lee Jay, Jiajun Qiao, Han Dong 2018: GIS in Linguis ic Resea ch. – Compu e
Science, 152 and 156.
Residen ial a eas o he Republic o Li huania. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean
Union. LKA I […] A las o he Li huanian language, . 1: Lexicon, answe . ed. K. Mo kūnas,
1977.
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Mokslas, 1991.
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ea u es, Kaunas: Vy au as he G ea Uni e si y, Li huanian Language Ins i u e. This is
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es i_con en _doc dbl/in /MB-Resea ch_No es_July_2020.pd . Mikulėnienė Danguolė 2011:
Leopold Gei le 's Con ibu ion o Li huanian dialec ology: geolinguis ic aspec . He is a
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19–27.
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e minology: om he signs o he e minology o he signs o he e minology. […]
Respec us philologicus 35 (40), 51[…]62. Wha is he pu pose o his documen ? Mikulė Danguolė, Čepai ienė Agnė 2021: The concep o he e minus o he line. –
Bal is ica (adop ed o p in ing).
A icles by A icles 171
Ry ų aukš aičių pane ėžiškių di e encinio požymio kai a:
geoe d inis aspek as
Puke ičiū ė Agnė 2015: Eas e n highe educa ion eache s: clus e analysis in
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no he n Pane ėžys egion. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
An enna o he Hall 1933: A ew no es on he his o y o he halls. […] A chi um
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Tee a ojana a Si i ilai, Tingsabadh Kalaya 2011a: A Gis-Based App oach o Dialec
Bounda y S udies. This is he i s ime ha his has been done. This Regula ion shall
en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Wha is empi ical Bayesian k iging? I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h ps: p o.a cgis.com
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he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige , he ige . This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Zinkiewicz-Zigma (1979): The wi hd awal o he Chu ch and he pa adigms o he Chu ch. –
The language is 30(1), 9093.
Zinkiewicz-Zigmas, The O igin o Li huanian Languages, Vilnius: Published by he
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The ypog aphy o he Impe ial Academy o Sciences.
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIV 172 This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ, AIDAS GUDAITIS
The Change o Phone ic Di e en ial Fea u e
in he Eas e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec o
Pane ėžys: he Geospa ial App oach
Summa y
The a icle deals wi h one o he phone ic di e en ial ea u es o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian
subdialec o Pane ėžys. This phone ic ea u e is cha ac e ized by p onuncia ion [on], [om] o
s essed and uns essed semi-diph hongs an, am in he s em, ha is adi ionally e e ed o as
oka imas. The geo-spa ial me hods based on GIS echnology o geolinguis ic analysis we e used
o his dialec al ea u e o he i s ime in Li huania. The pu pose o his s udy is o
de e mine he change o he oking ea u e o e 100 yea s and o assess i s con inui y.
The analyzed ma e ial is based on da a om wo s udies ca ied ou a di e en pe iods in he
o ime. The i s one was published in he a icle by Pe as Bū ėnas (1932), which spec-
i ied he exac bo de s o he phone ic ea u e “oka imas” in he e i o y o he Eas e n
Aukš ai ian subdialec o Pane ėžys. The second s udy was ca ied ou by he au ho s o his
a icle on he basis o audio eco dings o 45 esponden s bo n be ween 1888 and 1997, a ea o
which we e eco ded a he beginning o he 21s cen u y mainly om he pe iphe y o he
he phone ic ea u e "okay." The esul s o bo h s udies a e e lec ed in he digi al maps
gene a ed using he GIS ools and me hods. The a ea and in ensi y o he phone ic dis inc i e
ea u e […]oka imas[…] was ound o ha e changed and almos disappea ed du ing he ime.
F om a ime pe spec i e, ha e aken place du ing he Second Wo ld Wa and he pos -wa
he b eaking poin o he change in he in ensi y o use o he “oka imas” ea u e could
pe iod. The esul s show a consis en and g adual decline in he killing ea u e. This is also
e idenced by he
ecen socio-economic and socio-cul u al da a.
Deli e ed on 23 May 2021
AGNĖ ČEPAITIENĖ
AIDAS GUDAITIS
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o
adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h
A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.