8 0 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
doi.o g/10.35321/ e m28-04
The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o
Te minology in La ia and P oblems
and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA1
S anda d Te ms
Mai a K eisle e
The Na ional Lib a y o La ia
ORCID id: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-0191-0255
in a Vi bule
The Na ional Lib a y o La ia
ORCID id: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-5891-5591
ABSTRACT
The Na ional Lib a y o La ia (NLL) is he me hodological cen e o La ian
lib a ies in da a c ea ion and ensu ing he de elopmen o da a s anda ds as
well as he me hodical cen e co-o dina ing he e minology wo k o lib a y
ield and ela ed b anches. The his o ical insigh shows he de elopmen o
e minology wo k and allows o ace he de elopmen o e minology wo k
and p oblems. The e ms a e adop ed and app o ed by he subcommi ee o
he Te minology Commission o he La ian Academy o Science (LAS).
The a icle highligh s he ole o he NLL in he implemen a ion and ansla-
ion o Resou ce Desc ip ions and Access (RDA) s anda d in La ia. I is he
s anda d o desc ip i e ca aloguing, in ended o use by lib a ies and o he
cul u al o ganiza ions such as museums and a chi es. The RDA s anda d in-
cludes a se o da a elemen s, guidelines and ins uc ions ha can be adap ed
o o he in o ma ion communi ies a ound he wo ld, such as museums and a -
chi es. The ansla ion p oblems o RDA Glossa y a e desc ibed, as well as
p inciples and solu ions o co ec ep oduc ion o RDA e ms and hei ex-
plana ions in La ian. An o e iew is p o ided o how he co ec , app op ia e
e minology was ollowed in he ansla ion p ocess o he e ms, so ha he
chosen e m, in he app op ia e meaning, could be used h oughou he ans-
la ion and ela ed documen s.
1 Resou ce Desc ip ion & Access.
8 1Te minologija | 2021 | 28
Finally, he in luence o RDA e ms on he common da a model o La ia
memo y ins i u ions o he uni ied disco e y o cul u al he i age digi al e-
sou ces is also ou lined.
KEYWORDS: e minology, e ms and da abases; ansla ion/adap a ion o e ms; implemen-
a ion o RDA; RDA Glossa y.
ANOTACIJA
La ijos nacionalinė biblio eka (LNB) y a La ijos biblio ekų me odologinis
cen as, di ban is duomenų kū imo i duomenų s anda ų ys ymo už ik ini-
mo s i yse. Tai y a i me odinis e minologinį da bą biblio ekų i ki ose susi-
jusiose s i yse koo dinuojan is cen as. Is o inės įž algos a skleidžia, kaip yko
e minologinis da bas, i leidžia nus a y i šio da bo p ocesą bei p oblemas.
Te minus ap obuoja La ijos mokslų akademijos (LMA) Te minologijos komi-
sijos pakomisė.
S aipsnyje pab ėžiamas La ijos nacionalinės biblio ekos aidmuo įgy endinan
i iš e čian Iš eklių ap ašymo i p ieigos s anda ą (angl. Resou ce Desc ip ion
and Access, RDA) La ijoje. Tai ap ašomojo ka aloga imo s anda as, ski as bib
lio ekoms i ki oms kul ū os o ganizacijoms, okioms kaip muziejai i a chy ai.
Šis s anda as – ai duomenų elemen ų, gai ių i ins ukcijų inkinys, ku į gali-
ma p i aiky i i ki ose in o macinėse bend uomenėse isame pasaulyje, okiose
kaip muziejai i a chy ai. S aipsnyje ap ašomos RDA s anda o aiškinamojo žo-
dyno e imo p oblemos i ikslaus e minų i jų paaiškinimų pe kėlimo į la ių
kalbą p incipai i sp endimai. Apž elgiama, kaip e minų e imo p ocese bu o
pasi enkama iksli i inkama e minija aip, kad pasi ink as e minas a i inkama
eikšme galė ų bū i a ojamas isame e ime i susijusiuose dokumen uose.
Pabaigoje pab ėžiama RDA s anda o e minų į aka bend ajam La ijos a min-
ies ins i ucijų duomenų modeliui, ku is y a ski as bend ai skai meninių kul-
ū os pa eldo iš eklių paieškai.
ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: e minologija, e minai i duomenų bazės, e minų e imas / adap a i-
mas, RDA s anda o įgy endinimas, RDA s anda o aiškinamasis žodynas.
A BRIeF OVeRVIew OF The DeVeLOPMeNT
OF LIBRARy SeCTOR TeRMINOLOGy IN LATVIA
wi h he changing social, poli ical and economic condi ions and apid
echnological de elopmen , he lib a y and in o ma ion sec o , including
e minology, has unde gone emendous changes in ecen decades. The
de elopmen o he web echnologies has led o he eme gence o new
concep s and e ms, and causes he need o adap and implemen in e -
na ional s anda ds and egula ions based on he new philosophy abou he
openness, in e ope abili y and eusabili y o da a.
8 2 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
The ole o na ional e minology in he de elopmen o he lib a y and
in o ma ion sec o has g own, bu new challenges ha e also a isen in
inding sui able e ms o c ea ing new ones ha would p o ide seman i-
cally accu a e de ini ions o new eali ies and concep s. Te minology e o s
ha e no always success ully iden i ied e ms o come up wi h inno a ions.
F equen ly, new e ms ha e no been adop ed no used in p ac ice.
The i s de elope s o La ian lib a y e ms we e La ian lib a y p ac-
i ione s and heo e icians. Du ing he de elopmen o lib a y e minol-
ogy in he p e-wo ld wa II pe iod, he magazine Lib a ian (Biblio ekā s,
1937–1940) was in e es ing in ha o desc ibe lib a y wo k p ocesses, i
u ilised impo an concep s o lib a y science, such as: no ādes (“ e e -
ences”), sējums (“ olume”), izde ums (“issue; edi ion”), sa u s (“con en ”),
ka alogs (“ca alogue”), in en ā a g āma a (“in en o y book”), o iģināls
(“o iginal”), eksemplā s (“i em”), g āma u pa apināšana (“book lending”).
Some o hese ha e main ained hei ele ance du ing he e a o echno-
logical de elopmen .
A key e en in he de elopmen o na ional e minology was he es ab-
lishmen o he Te minology Commission o he La ian Academy o
Sciences (LAS) in 1946. The scope o he Commission’s wo k was e y
wide- anging and co e ed he de elopmen o na ional e minology in
many scien i ic sphe es. F om 1948 onwa ds, he e ms app o ed by he
Commission we e egula ly published, i s as d a s in e minology news-
le e s, hen in dic iona ies, and we e manda o y o o icial use. The
es ablishmen o he LAS Te minology Commission also s a ed he de-
elopmen o lib a y sec o e minology. In 1957, he i s dic iona y o
lib a y e minology was published in Russian and La ian. The dic iona y
included some 1,300 lib a y and bibliog aphy sphe e e ms, as well as
common e ms om he publishing and book science. In o de o de-
elop e minology o he lib a y science o c ea e, adop , publish and
implemen exac lib a y science e ms in p ac ice, in he 1960s/70s, he
Resea ch Depa men o he La ian SSR Vilis Lācis S a e Lib a y ( oday
he NLL) began ac i ely wo king on e minology. In 1969, lib a y special-
is s es ablished a Subcommi ee on Lib a y and Bibliog aphic Te minol-
ogy. Du ing he pe iod he Subcommi ee ope a ed, om 1976 o 1994,
i issued a con inua ion edi ion Biblio ekā ie un bibliog ā iskie e mini (“Li-
b a y and Bibliog aphic Te ms”). each lis o e ms included new o
edi ed e ms ela ing o di e en lib a y ope a ions – ca aloguing, index-
8 3Te minologija | 2021 | 28
ing, he o ganisa ion o lib a y wo k, he p o ision o lib a y se ices;
hey also included he i s ansla ions o compu e science concep s.
F om i s incep ion un il 1990, he Te minology Commission published
58 e minology newsle e s and 15 dic iona ies. On he basis o his abun-
dan a ay o published e ms, mo e han 40 collec ions o lib a y e ms
we e p epa ed and published in he ea ly 1990s in La ian and Russian.
La e in he 1990s, mo e dic iona ies we e c ea ed in ou languages al-
eady: addi ional ansla ions o e ms wi h de ini ions in english and
Ge man we e p o ided. One impo an con ibu ion o he de elopmen
o lib a y sec o e minology, as well as o he de elopmen o he La -
ian language i sel , was he publica ion o Biblio ēku ondi un ka alogi
(“Lib a y Collec ions and Ca alogues”). P e iously inaccu a e designa ions
o e ms and inco ec uses o o eign language loanwo ds we e elimi-
na ed du ing he p epa a ion o he publica ion. Dic iona ies o e ms
ha e no been published equen ly in he La ian lib a y sec o , so Jane e
S e enson’s Dic iona y o Lib a y and In o ma ion Managemen (1997) was
ansla ed and published in La ian in 2001 (Biblio ēku un in o mācijas
pā aldība) and ac i ely used in p ac ice. The publica ion co e ed 4,500
key e ms no only in lib a y and in o ma ion science, bu also in in o -
ma ion managemen , business, accoun ing, book p in ing and publishing.
Beginning in 1999, e minology wo k was coo dina ed and managed by
he LAS Te minology Commission. I consis ed o abou 30 subcommi -
ees o di e en sciences. The main ask o each subcommi ee was o
implemen he na ional e minology policy in coope a ion wi h he S a e
Language Cen e. Decisions made by he LAS Te minology Commission
we e acco ded legisla i e s a us. Use o he app o ed e ms was manda-
o y in na ional legisla ion, in he media and in he documen a ion o all
ypes o ins i u ions. In 2000, a LAS Te minology Commission subcom-
mi ee on Lib a y Science, Bibliog aphy, Book Science and In o ma ion
Science Te minology was es ablished unde he leade ship o specialis s
om he NLL. In acco dance wi h he expansion o in e na ional com-
munica ion be ween p o essionals as well as local s uc u al e o ms, a he
end o 2011 he LAS Te minology Commission was expanded by es ab-
lishing a Subcommi ee on In o ma ion and Documen a ion Te minology,
also in ol ing a chi al specialis s. Cu en ly, 11 lib a y and ela ed b anch
specialis s a e ac i ely in ol ed in his subcommi ee. The asks se o he
In o ma ion and Documen a ion Te minology Subcommi ee a e:
8 4 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
· e alua ion o e ms in d a legisla ion on in o ma ion and docu-
men a ion, and legisla i e publica ions;
· ad ising legal and physical pe sons on e minology issues in he in-
o ma ion and documen a ion ield;
· coo dina ion o ope a ions wi h ins i u ions and o ganisa ions wo k-
ing in he sphe es o in o ma ion and documen a ion;
· ensu ing he ee a ailabili y o ela ed b anch e ms on he web.
The In o ma ion and Documen a ion Te minology Subcommi ee wo ks
on he de elopmen and a i ica ion o e ms, which includes he ansla-
ion and adap a ion o e ms and hei explana ions om in e na ional
s anda ds and guidelines, as well as he ansla ion and adap a ion o e ms
submi ed by lib a y and ela ed expe s, academics o s uden s. The
subcommi ee o LAS ensu es he wo k o e minology in La ia, ecom-
mends he p inciples o e m o ma ion and ansla ion, and ensu es co-
ope a ion be ween cul u al and scien i ic o ganiza ions in ol ed in he
wo k o e minology.
wi h he de elopmen o echnological op ions and he use o p e i-
ously p epa ed da a om Tiešsais es e minu banka: a hī i, biblio ēkas, muze-
ji (“Online e minology bank: a chi es, lib a ies, museums”) da abase c e-
a ed be ween 2005–2012 in which mo e han 3,000 e ms and e mino-
logical colloca ions we e accumula ed, a new Da abase o Lib a y, A chi e
and Museum Te ms2 was eleased o use s in 2017. The pu pose o he
da abase de eloped and main ained by he NLL is o p omo e co-ope a ion
on e minology issues be ween cul u al he i age ins i u ions. Coope a ion
pa ne s in c ea ing he da abase we e he LAS Te minology Commission,
he Na ional A chi es o La ia, he Uni e si y o La ia, he NLL, and a
numbe o museums. This esou ce includes e ms and hei explana ions
om he lib a y sec o and ela ed b anches in La ian, e m equi alen s
in english and, whe e possible, also in Ge man and Russian. Di e en
b anch legisla i e documen s we e used in selec ing e ms, including adap -
ed in e na ional s anda ds, p o essional li e a u e, as well as lis s o e ms
cu en ly equi ed in p ac ice. Te ms a e acco ded di e en s a uses in he
da abase – app o ed, amended, empo a y and obsole e, as well as e ms
om epealed s anda ds and legisla i e documen s e ained o esea ch
pu poses. In o de o ob ain he equi ed e ms mo e quickly, he da abase
2 A ailable a : h p:// e mini.lnb.l .

8 5Te minologija | 2021 | 28
also includes e ms ha ha e no ye been app o ed, g an ing hem em-
po a y s a us. The e minology da abase has been a ed posi i ely as easy
o use, as i p o ides explana ions o e ms and hei sou ces.
In he au umn o 2017, he LAS In o ma ion and Documen a ion Te -
minology Subcommi ee, oge he wi h he NLL Lib a y De elopmen Cen-
e and he Bibliog aphy Ins i u e, and in ol ing he LAS Te minology
Commission, enewed he adi ion o o ganising con e ences dedica ed o
lib a y and ela ed sec o e minology. The heme o he 2021 Te minol-
ogy Con e ence is “The In e ope abili y o Da a o Cul u al he i age In-
s i u ions in he Digi al Space: Te minological Aspec ”, o which expe s
om es onia, Li huania, Finland and Ge many ha e also been in i ed.
A he end o 2018, he La ian na ional e minology po al3, de eloped
by he Tilde echnology company in pa ne ship wi h he S a e Language
Cen e, he La ian Language Agency and he LAS, was eleased o he
public. The e minology po al p o ides access o in o ma ion om mo e
han 96 collec ions o e ms in a numbe o languages. The La ian na-
ional e minology po al also includes da a om he AkadTe m da abase,
hus also e ms om he Da abase o Lib a y, A chi e and Museum Te ms
c ea ed by he NLL.
One sou ce o supplemen a ion o na ional lib a y e minology is also
ela ed o p o essional s anda disa ion – he adap a ion o in e na ional
s anda ds o he needs o La ian lib a ies and he de elopmen o na-
ional s anda ds. The in oduc ion o each new, unc ioning s anda d en-
iches he e minology o he lib a y sec o . english has become he main
sou ce o in e na ionally used o eign wo ds, lea ing he o me ly imposed
Russian o ade in o obli ion. Fo hei pa , explana ions o s anda d
e ms ha e been, o a g ea ex en , modi ied and adap ed o he ope a ing
sphe e o he speci ic s anda d.
IMPLeMeNTATION OF The ReSOURCe DeSCRIPTION
AND ACCeSS (RDA) STANDARD IN DATA CReATION
IN The LATVIAN LIBRARy SySTeM
The c ea ion o da a in lib a ies is a con inuous p ocess, hei o m
and also con en mus always comply wi h he in e na ionally ecognised
s anda ds, which hemsel es a e always unde going de elopmen (Gold-
3 A ailable a : h ps:// e mini.go .l .
8 6 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
be ga e al. 2014: 3–4). Ful illing his condi ion ensu es ha da a c e-
a ed by an ins i u ion can be uni e sally e-used and included in he
global knowledge ne wo k.
The NLL ac s as he me hodological cen e on da a c ea ion o La -
ian lib a ies and o ensu ing he de elopmen o da a s anda ds. NLL
Bibliog aphy Ins i u e da a expe s and da a c ea ion specialis s ac i ely
ollow inno a ions conce ning da a, e alua e and p omo e new in e na-
ional me ada a models and s anda ds, and make decisions on hei
implemen a ion. They also c ea e high-quali y and au ho i a i e da a,
sa ing o he lib a ies’ esou ces, so op imising hei ope a ions and im-
p o ing o e all da a quali y. The p e alence o new da a con en o ma s
and he inc ease in published elec onic esou ces ha e con ibu ed o
he need o change he ules o ca aloguing esou ces acco ding o he
21s cen u y in o ma ion low equi emen s. The RDA s anda d includes
a se o da a elemen s, guidelines and ins uc ions ha can be adap ed
o o he in o ma ion communi ies a ound he wo ld, such as museums
and a chi es.
In 2013, ollowing a s uc u al change, he NLL Bibliog aphy Ins i u e
es ablished a Da a and Knowledge Managemen Depa men , wi hin which
a eam o RDA implemen a ion expe s was es ablished. The main goals
and p econdi ions o RDA implemen a ion eam we e de ined as:
· highe quali y managemen o digi al esou ces and openness o
da a o he web;
· he inclusion o da a c ea ed by La ian lib a ies in in e na ional
da a ci cula ion and ensu ing o he eusabili y o da a;
· he use o AACR24 in da a c ea ion since 2000 has acili a ed he
implemen a ion o he RDA s anda d in he c ea ion o union ca a-
logue da a by he NLL and scien i ic lib a ies.
Because o a lack o unding, i was decided no o ansla e he en i e
RDA documen , bu only ce ain sec ions (RDA Re e ence, in oduc ion,
lis o RDA co e elemen s; AACR2 and RDA compa ison ables, e c.)
(Goldbe ga e al. 2014: 3–4). One in luencing ac o was ha pa ial
ansla ion does no equi e paymen o he licence ee and his signi i-
can ly educes de elopmen and main enance equi emen s.
4 AACR2 – Anglo-Ame ican Ca aloguing Rules, second edi ion, upda ed e sion in 2005.
8 7Te minologija | 2021 | 28
RDA STANDARD TRANSLATION RULeS
AND INTeRNATIONAL exPeRIeNCe
One o he goals se by he RDA de elope s was o ensu e s anda d
usabili y in o eign language communi ies. The language o RDA s anda d
is english, and in o de o hese ma e ials o be used in o he languag-
es, coun ies had o decide on hei ansla ion. The RDA copy igh hold-
e s ha e signed ansla ion ag eemen s wi h o he o ganisa ions/pa ne s
(such as publishe s, na ional lib a ies o lib a y o ganisa ions) o ensu e
high quali y RDA ansla ions. An RDA ansla ion policy has been elab-
o a ed, s ipula ing ansla ion op ions and equi emen s. The i s in e -
na ionalisa ion ini ia i es began as ea ly as 2013, wi h he publica ion o
he i s ansla ions o RDA in o F ench and Ge man using he RDA
Toolki 5. Fu he in o ma ion on RDA ansla ion and condi ions is also
a ailable in he RDA Regis y6. This con ains seman ic web ep esen a-
ions o en i y7, elemen s, and ela ionship designa o s in he o m o
iden i ie s app o ed by he RDA S ee ing Commi ee (RSC)8.
Di e en app oaches o RDA ansla ion a e o e ed:
· comple e ansla ion, including he RDA Toolki ;
· pa ial ansla ion ha can be used in he lea ning p ocess (does
no include he RDA Toolki and can be used locally);
· pa ial ansla ion – RDA Re e ence – can be used online, a ailable
in he RDA Regis y wi h a ansla ion language in e ace.
The RDA ansla ion p ojec is unique and a he same ime lexible
and open o di e en usage p o isions. In o de o ansla e he RDA
comple ely, bo h app op ia e inancial esou ces and specialis s ( ansla o s,
edi o s) a e equi ed, who ha e knowledge and also p ac ical expe ience
in wo king wi h da a c ea ion s anda ds and da a models, as well as a e y
good command o english.
Since he i s RDA ansla ions, RDA implemen a ion p ocesses and
he si ua ions in se e al eu opean coun ies ha e been s udied. In RDA
in Eu ope: Implemen a ions and Pe cep ions (Duche a, Penning on 2017)
au ho s s udy da a c ea ion communi ies in 12 eu opean coun ies (bo h
5 A ailable a : h ps:// da oolki .o g.
6 A ailable a : h ps://www. da egis y.in o.
7 en i y – an abs ac class o a physical o concep ual hing in he uni e se o human discou se (RDA).
8 A ailable a : h p://www. da- sc.o g.
8 8 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
english and non-english speaking) ha we e included in he su ey. I
was ound ha he in e es in RDA and i s implemen a ion in eu ope
g ew apidly a e he eURIG (eu opean RDA In e es G oup)9 mee ings
in 2013 (Na ional Lib a y o Sweden, S ockholm) and 2016 (NLL, Riga).
The s udy’s summa y indica ed se e al easons why RDA implemen a ion
ac i i y is insu icien and wha p oblems non-english-speaking eu o-
pean coun ies ace. One o he main easons hinde ing he implemen a-
ion o RDA is i s high cos . Se e al coun ies, o example, Sweden,
La ia and Iceland decided o pa ially ansla e he RDA by de eloping
na ional guidelines based on he RDA s anda d. No way and Spain con-
side ed comple e ansla ion o be a p e equisi e o he success ul imple-
men a ion o RDA, as da a c ea o s mus be able o wo k wi h his s an-
da d in hei na i e language. The au ho s (Duche a, Penning on 2017)
also men ioned he NLL’s expe ience in hei a icle.
TRANSLATION OF RDA GLOSSARy TeRMS,
eLeMeNT VALUeS AND eNTITy ReLATIONShIPS
T ansla ion is a singula psychological p ocess, because any ansla ion
has signi icance o he mani es a ions con ained in a na ion’s cul u e,
human consciousness and subconscious. T ansla ion can be achie ed mo e
quickly and simply by using o eign wo ds ha a e implan ed in o he
La ian language om a ious sec o s. I he wo d o be bo owed is
in e na ional, i has ad an ages and is mo e easily ecognised. howe e ,
la ge numbe s o o eign wo ds make ex s incomp ehensible, as c ucial
con en is no accu a ely pe cei ed. The end in he de elopmen o he
La ian language, wi h inc easing in luence, is ha o eign wo ds a e
g adually displacing La ian wo ds in e e yday use. The p oblem is ha
he e a e no, o no easily applicable, La ian e ms co esponding o
hese o eign wo ds.
The RDA Glossa y will play an impo an ole in he day- o-day wo k
o La ian lib a y specialis s, because wi hou a uni ied e minology and
unde s anding o concep s, he implemen a ion o RDA is impossible. In
o de o be able o co ec ly ep oduce a speci ic RDA e m in La ian,
i s meaning mus be p ecisely de e mined in he con ex o he RDA
da a model, also how he e m is used in english mus be unde s ood. In
9 A ailable a : h p://www. da- sc.o g/eu ope.
9 5Te minologija | 2021 | 28
Table 1. Compa ison o key en i ies ele an o he uni ied cul u al he i age managemen and dissemina ion
pla o m in sec o concep ual models LRM, RiC CM12 and CIDOC CRM13, also EDM14 (Rekomendācijas… 2021: 32)
en i y ype Lib a ies
LRM(2017)/
RDA (2020)
A chi e
(RiC CM)
ic-cm-0.2
Museums
CIDOC CRM
CRM_ .7
Cul u al he i age
(eu opeana)
EDM 5.2.8
Agen LRM-e6 Agen /
dac:C10002
RiC-e07 Agen e39 Ac o edm:Agen
Agen /
Pe son
LRM-e7 Pe -
son/ dac:C10004
RiC-e08 Pe son e21 Pe son edm:Agen
Agen /
Ins i u ion
LRM-e8 Collec-
i e Agen /
dac:C10005
RiC-e11 Co po-
a e Body
e74 G oup edm:Agen
Agen /
Family
LRM-e8 Collec-
i e Agen /
dac:C10008
RiC-e10 Family e74 G oup edm:Agen
Agen /
G oup
LRM-e8 Collec-
i e Agen /
dac:C10011
RiC-e09 G oup e74 G oup edm:Agen
Place LRM-e10 Place/
dac:C10009
RiC-e22 Place e53 Place edm:Place
Time Span LRM-e11 Time-
span/
dac:C10010
RiC-e18 Da e e52 Time-
Span
edm:TimeSpan
e en Subclass o
LRM-e1 Res/
dac:C10012
RiC-e14 e en e5 e en edm:e en
wo k LRM-e2 wo k/
dac:C10001
RiC-e02 Reco d
Resou ce +
RiC-A28 Name
e89 P oposi-
ional Objec
edm:In o ma-
ionResou ce
Suppo ing use s’ new in ui i e sea ch habi s and needs ( ind, iden i y,
selec , ob ain, explo e, i.e. disco e esou ces h ough hei in e ela ion-
ships, con ex s) in he ield o lib a y da a and hei hie a chy a e de ined
by concep ual models such as IFLA FRBR (weMI (wo k, exp ession,
12 A ailable a : h ps://www.ica.o g/si es/de aul / iles/ ic-cm-0.2_p e iew.pd .
13 A ailable a : h p://www.cidoc-c m.o g.
14 A ailable a : h ps://p o.eu opeana.eu/page/edm-documen a ion.

9 6 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
mani es a ion, I em hie a chy, 1998) and IFLA LRM (including weMI,
2017). The LRM model is a high-le el concep ual model wi h a highe
deg ee o gene aliza ion han p e ious IFLA da a concep ual models. LRM
is an en i y ela ionship model (Rekomendācijas… 2021: 23). LRM gene -
ally models he en i e bibliog aphic uni e se – ex s, sounds, images,
mo ing images, shee music, spoken wo ds, objec s, da a se s, compu e
p og ams, ansmedia. I does no di ec ly model p ocesses (museums)
and ac i i ies (a chi es). The p ac ical implemen a ion o LRM akes place
by in oducing RDA egula ions in he c ea ion o La ian lib a y da a,
which a e based on he ca ego ies de ined in he LRM concep ual mod-
el and hei hie a chy (Rekomendācijas… 2021: 26).
In he ield o museums, key concep s a e de ined by he concep ual
model CIDOC-CRM – on ology o in o ma ion exchange in he ield o
cul u al he i age (ISO 21127, 2006; upda ed 2014; s ill unde de elop-
men ) ha monized wi h he LRM concep ual model o lib a ies
(Rekomendācijas… 2021: 26).
The RiC CM concep ual da a model o a chi es ha monizes and in e-
g a es key concep s om ou In e na ional Council on A chi es (ICA)
s anda ds: Gene al In e na ional S anda d A chi al Desc ip ion (ISAD (G));
In e na ional S anda d A chi al Au ho i y Reco ds Co po a e Bodies,
Pe sons, and Families (ISAAR (CPF)); In e na ional S anda d Desc ip ion
o Func ions (ISDF); In e na ional S anda d Desc ip ion o Ins i u ions
wi h A chi al holdings (ISDIAh) and ISO s anda d Reco ds managemen
s anda d ISO 2308111 (Rekomendācijas… 2021: 21).
Lib a ies, a chi es and museums in ol ed in he c ea ion o eu opeana –
mo e han 60 pa icipan s, incl. La ian memo y ins i u ions. each eu o-
peana digi al objec is accompanied by me ada a acco ding o he eDM
(eu opeana Da a Model), which is an objec -o ien ed da a model. The
da a model ensu es he in e ope abili y o da a o all membe ins i u ions.
The eDM sepa a es he cul u al he i age objec om i s digi al ep esen-
a ion so ha he co esponding me ada a alues a e linked acco dingly.
eDM ensu es compa ibili y o da a om di e en models, equi emen s
o speci ic a eas, as well as p e en s da a loss, while main aining da a qual-
i y and coexis ence wi h he o iginal da a (Rekomendācijas… 2021: 37–38)
In all o hese s anda ds, he en i y “Agen ” is a supe class o he en i-
ies “Pe son, G oup, Ins i u ion, Family”. In all h ee s anda ds, an en i y
deno es he esponsibili y o a pe son o g oup o he c ea ion o he
con en , o m, pe o mance o a wo k, exp ession, Mani es a ion o I em.
9 7Te minologija | 2021 | 28
The dis inc e m “Ac o ” used in he museum s anda d CIDOC CRM
e e s o essen ially he same en i y supe class “Agen ” in he lib a y and
a chi e s anda ds.
These s anda ds di e in he deg ee o de ail hey use o desc ibe he
en i y classes in ol ed in s uc u ing he in o ma ion in hei espec i e
da a models. Fo example, in he RDA s anda d, he “Collec i e Agen ”
en i y is a supe class o he en i ies “Ins i u ion, G oup and Family”. In
u n, he hie a chical di ision o weMI (wo k, exp ession, Mani es a ion,
I em) in lib a y da a s anda ds is cha ac e is ic only o he RDA-LRM
s anda d, bu e ms om o he cul u al he i age ins i u ion s anda ds can
be amended o comply wi h i .
CONCLUSIONS
T ansla ing he RDA Re e ence in o La ian has been a complex and
impo an p ocess. Looking back a he wo k done and inding ou abou
he ansla ing expe iences o o he coun ies, we can conclude ha :
1) he e we e un o eseen b eaks in he wo k p ocess, as RDA addi ions
and changes ook place con inuously o e se e al yea s and ook up mo e
ime han could ha e been o eseen;
2) ansla ion equi es a high deg ee o seman ic accu acy, i.e., he
main enance o logical and seman ic ela ionships in key concep s ac oss
di e en ocabula ies;
3) he ansla o s’ wo king g oup mus ha e skills and knowledge in
ca aloguing esou ces o all ypes and o ma s o con en , as well as be-
ing luen in english and La ian;
4) be o e s a ing ansla ion wo k, common ph ases o gene al e ms
mus be sepa a ed ou , c ea ing a lis o wo ds and ph ases. This should
be ansla ed i s , as his will acili a e u he wo k;
5) a en ion mus be paid o e ms ha do no ha e exac equi alen s
in La ian. The e a e many e ms ha lose hei meaning in La ian when
ansla ed di ec ly om english. T ansla ion equi es he p ese a ion o
logic and seman ic ela ionships.
The esul o he RDA Re e ence ansla ion is almos 5,000 upda ed
and b and-new La ian e ms use ul o cul u al he i age ins i u ions,
which is a s ep o wa d no only in he de elopmen o he La ian lan-
guage, bu , being included in he in e na ional RDA Regis y, he e ms
will also be used in e na ionally.
9 8 Mai a K eisle e The De elopmen o Lib a y Sec o Te minology in La ia and
In a Vi bule P oblems and Solu ions o T ansla ing RDA S anda d Te ms
REFERENCES
Beh ens Rena e 2019: RDA – Chances and Pe spec i es. The Eu opean Region. A ailable a : ile:///C:/Teks i/
RDA_ma e iali/p ojek am_ aks s_RDA_2020/eDA_eu ope_eURIG%20p esen a ion%20 o %20colloqui-
um.pd [accessed 2021-07-06].
Duche a Dilyana, Penning on Diane 2017: RDA in eu ope: Implemen a ions and pe cep ions. – Jou nal o
Lib a ianship and In o ma ion Science. A ailable a : h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/0961000617709060 [accessed
2021-07-06].
Dunsi e Go don 2019: The IFLA Lib a y Re e ence Model and RDA, San iago de Chile, 21 Oc obe , 2019.
A ailable a : h ps://slideplaye .com/slide/17727598/ [accessed 2021-07-06].
eURIG Annual Mee ing 2020: Communi y epo s 2020. A ailable a : h p://www. da- sc.o g/si es/all/ iles/
RDA%20in%20eu ope%20May%202020_0.pd [accessed 2021-07-06].
Goldbe ga Ani a, K eisle e Mai a, Sauka Jogi a, S ū mane Ai a, Vi bule In a 2014: RDA: F om S a egy o
expe imen s and Implemen a ion in La ia (Including an O e iew o he Si ua ion in he Bal ic
S a es). – Jou nal o Lib a y Me ada a 14(3–4), 205–221.
Rekomendācijas A sauču da u seman iskās sada bspējas eicināšanai s a p La ijas kul ū as man ojuma
ins i ūcijām = Recommenda ions o p omo ing he seman ic in e ope abili y o Re e ence Da a be ween La -
ian cul u al he i age ins i u ions, izs ādes da ba g upa: Mā ī e Apenī e, Uldis Bojā s, Ani a Goldbe ga,
Mai a K eisle e, Ani a Rašmane, Jogi a Sauka; LNB Bibliog ā ijas ins i ū s, Rīga: LNB Bibliog ā ijas
ins i ū s, 2021. 1 iešsais es esu ss (72 lp.): ilus ācijas, abulas; 1,96 MB. ISBN 9789934610004 (PDF).
A ailable a : h ps://doi.o g/10.52197/IBIV6839 [accessed 2021-07-20].
Seppälä Ma ja-Liisa 2016: RDA in Finland. A ailable a : h ps://dom.lndb.l /da a/obj/ ile/304137.pd [ac-
cessed 2021-07-06].
Spo āne Baiba 2010: Nacionālā iden i ā e un a miņas ins i ūcijas. A ailable a : h p://iden i a e.lnb.l /wp-con-
en /uploads/2010/12/wo king-pape s_spo ane.pd [accessed 2021-07-06].
T ansla ion Policy o RDA and RDA Toolki . A ailable a : h ps://www. da oolki .o g/si es/de aul / iles/
ansla ion_policy_ o _ da_cu en .pd [accessed 2021-07-06].
LAT IjOS bIbLIOTEKų SEKTORIAuS TERMINOLOgIjOS RAIDA
IR RDA STANDARTO TERMINų ERTIMO pRObLEMOS IR SpRENDIMAI
San auka
Nacionalinės e minologijos aidmuo auga isose s i yse, ačiau pe pas a uosius
dešim mečius didžiuliai pokyčiai į yko bū en biblio ekų i in o macijos sek o iuose.
Te minų iden i ika imas a naujo ių diegimas ne isada bu o sėkmingas.
La ijos mokslų akademijos (LMA) Te minologijos komisijos įs eigimas 1946 m.
bu o pag indinis į ykis nacionalinės e minologijos ys ymo s i yje. Įs eigus LMA
Te minologijos komisiją, p asidėjo i biblio ekų sek o iaus e minologijos kū imo
p ocesas. 2000 m. bu o įs eig a La ijos mokslų akademijos Te minologijos komisijos
Biblio ekininkys ės, bibliog a ijos, knygo y os i in o ma ikos e minologijos pakomisė,
o 2011 m. Te minologijos komisija bu o išplės a įs eigian In o macijos i dokumen ų
e minologijos pakomisę, ku i aip pa apėmė a chy is ikos specialis us. 2018 m. pa-
baigoje p asidėjo La ijos nacionalinės e minologijos s e ainės kū imo da bas, ku į
a liko echnologijų bend o ė „Tildė“ ka u su Vals ybinės kalbos cen u, La ių kalbos
agen ū a i LMA.
Iš eklių ap ašymas i p ieiga (angl. Resou ce Desc ip ion and Access, RDA) – ai nau-
jas s anda as, ski as biblio ekoms i ki oms kul ū os o ganizacijoms, okioms kaip
muziejai i a chy ai. RDA s anda o diegimas ku ian duomenis La ijos biblio ekų
sis emoje aip pa s a bus i olimesnei e minologijos plė ai. La ijos nacionalinės
9 9Te minologija | 2021 | 28
biblio ekos Bibliog a ijos ins i u o duomenų ekspe ai i duomenų kū imo specialis ai
ak y iai seka duomenų naujo es, e ina i ska ina naudo i naujus a p au inius me a-
duomenų modelius i s anda us bei sp endžia dėl jų diegimo. RDA s anda as – ai
duomenų elemen ų, gai ių i ins ukcijų inkinys, ku į galima p i aiky i i ki ose in-
o macinėse bend uomenėse isame pasaulyje, okiose kaip muziejai i a chy ai.
Ve imas y a ypa ingas psichologinis p ocesas, nes kiek ienas e imas a skleidžia
au os kul ū os, žmonių sąmonės i pasąmonės ap aiškas. RDA nuo odų (angl. Re e -
ence) e imas į la ių kalbą bu o sudė ingas i s a bus p ocesas, ku io me u bu o a -
siž elg a į jau a lik ą da bą i ki ų šalių e imo pa i į. Ve imas eikalauja didelio se-
man inio ikslumo, . y. loginių i seman inių pag indinių są okų yšių išlaikymo ski -
inguose žodynuose.
RDA s anda o sude inimas su ki ais kul ū os pa eldo ins i ucijų s anda ais gali pa-
dė i už ik in i į ai ių iš eklių ipų ap ašymą, en i e ų (angl. en i ies) iden i ika imą i
olimesnei sklaidai bend oje duomenų aplinkoje inkamų me aduomenų sukū imą.
Gau a 2021-07-26
Mai a K eisle e
The Na ional Lib a y o La ia
Bibliog aphy Ins i u e
Da a and Knowledge Depa men
Mūkusalas s . 3
Riga, LV-1423, La ia
e-mail mai a.k eisle [email protected]
In a Vi bule
The Na ional Lib a y o La ia
Bibliog aphy Ins i u e
Da a and Knowledge Depa men
Mūkusalas s .3
Riga, LV-1423, La ia
e-mail in a. i [email protected]