LIETUVIŲ LEKSIKOS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS

PROBLEMOS

LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIX (1991)

PROGINIAI STRAIPSNIAI, LINGVISTINĖS PASTABOS

Lithuanian Lexicon of S. Stanevičius’s Writings

Commemorating the 190th Anniversary of S. Stanevičius’s Birth

The most significant part of S. Stanevičius’s (1799–1848) legacy—his literary works—is small in volume. It consists of six fables and the ode “The Glory of Samogitia” (1823). The writer became best known for his fables, through which he entered Lithuanian literature as a classic.

He collected 150 Lithuanian folk songs, publishing the 30 finest in the collection “Songs of the Samogitians” (1829). He also published a collection of melodies for those songs, “Notes on Samogitian Tunes” (1833).

In 1823, S. Stanevičius published two booklets containing fragments from M. Daukša’s “Postilė” and its preface; in 1829, he published the anonymous grammar of 1737, entitled “A Brief Instruction in the Lithuanian, or Samogitian, Language,” whose preface surveyed Lithuanian writing.

Only one of his historical works has survived: “An Explanation of Lithuanian Mythology” (it was never printed).

In 1823, two booklets translated by S. Stanevičius appeared: T. Brandenburg’s “On Preparing Food from Iceland Moss” and Š. F. Lomon’s “Sacred History.” The booklet “On Preparing Food from Iceland Moss” by T. Brandenburg, a correspondent of the Russian Academy of Sciences and pharmacist in Mogilev, had been translated into Polish, so S. Stanevičius translated it into Lithuanian from the Polish version. He translated “Sacred History” from Latin. It is a biblical history of the Jewish people, written by Š. F. Lomon, a professor at the University of Paris.

S. Stanevičius was a southern Samogitian and therefore wrote his works in Samogitian. His writings consistently preserve the main features of the Samogitian dialect. He renders the diphthongs uo, ie as the long vowels ū, y, for example: ūdega “tail,” jūda “black,” tisa “truth,” žimelý “winter.” (S. Stanevičius represented ū with the letter u, and y with i.) Instead of č, dž before the archaic short vowel a, he uses t, d, for example: pauksztey “birds,” pauksztems “to the birds,” skardeys “with cliffs,” medey “trees.” The long vowels o, ė in a word stem and in a stressed ending are diphthongized and rendered as uo, ie, for example: pabėgti “to escape,” uriedas “steward,” regies “will see,” ragotynes “horn spoons,” prota “of the mind” (S. Stanevičius represented uo with the letter o.)

In his writings, S. Stanevičius uses the traditional Lithuanian orthography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the first half of the 19th century. He marked the hardness of l (ł), wrote š and č with two letters (sz and cz), and wrote ž as either ź or ż; he wrote diphthongs as ay, ey, and v as a double letter (w). From ancient times there had developed

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The tradition is to pay attention to the quality of sounds rather than their quantity; accordingly, S. Stanevičius often writes y where Samogitian has a broadened ę, and uses i for both short and long, but narrow i. However, this is not maintained consistently throughout his writings.

In the writer’s works, a considerable number of words are marked with a circumflex, grave, and occasionally acute diacritic. The circumflex consistently marks syllables with falling tone in Samogitian pronunciation, while the grave (sometimes acute) marks syllables with rising tone. Stress in short syllables is not marked at all. He distinguished and marked the tones very well. Diacritics indicate not only stress but also tones.

The lexicon of S. Stanevičius’s writings is interesting because it is simple and popular: there is an effort to use words customary in the living Samogitian dialect, bookish style is avoided, and distinctive Samogitian dialect words are retained. His lexicon is highly varied, since his works cover quite diverse fields: imaginative literature, works based on folklore, a religious work, and a booklet on a secular subject.

Material for the word register was collected from S. Stanevičius’s works: “Šlovė žemaičių” (ŠŽ), “Šešios pasakos” (ŠP), “Dainos Žemaičių” (DŽ), the preface “Skaitysiantiems” (from “Trumpas pamokymas kalbos lietuviškos ir žemaitiškos”) (TPS), “Apie darymą valgio iš kerpių islandų” (AD), and “Istorija šventa” (IŠ), published in the book S. Stanevičius “Raštai” (V., 1967).

The language of the writer’s literary works—the ode “Šlovė Žemaičių” and the fables “Šešios pasakos”—is simple, everyday, living popular speech. These works contain words used specifically by Samogitians, for example: pašalys “edge, corner,” veizėti, veizdėti “to look,” and words whose meanings differ from those of words in the modern standard language, for example: kiemas “village.” There are also words that were used in writings of that time but later disappeared, for example: pakala “back, rear,” žavinti “to kill, slay,” lydės “race, competition,” išrąstojas “creator,” dainiuotojas “singer.”

The work “Dainos Žemaičių” is characterized by the lexicon of folk songs. It contains many diminutives, for example: seserelė, bernužėlis, rūtėlė, dobilelis, putinėlis. The songs contain many words used only in the Samogitian dialect, for example: gegelė “cuckoo,” lėtemelis “one who speaks very little,” pagristi “to become tiresome, to annoy.” In the preface and notes to this work, S. Stanevičius also uses his own coinages, for example: nužygis “district,” mokslininkas “pupil, student,” or assigns new meanings to words, for example: atgrąža “stanza, verse,” and borrows some words from old writings, for example: būstymas “existence, being,” žvieti “to fish,” and so on.

The booklet “Apie darymą valgio iš kerpių islandų” is interesting because it is one of the first booklets on a secular subject, devoted to everyday matters. It discusses topics that had not previously been addressed in Lithuanian books, so when translating the booklet into Lithuanian, S. Stanevičius had to find Lithuanian terms for various concepts. In this work, many words were taken from living speech and given new meanings, or the translator coined new words, for example: tėvūnas “patriot,” atidėjimas “portion,” putra “porridge,” nutikimas “property.” The booklet contains much everyday vocabulary. This includes not only words still used in the modern standard language for household items, for example: pelai, bulvės, cukrus, rėtis, gelda, but also some words from

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other sources that are unfamiliar, for example: miltės “starch,” aušinė “jelly, gelatine,” and so on.

S. Stanevičius translated “Istoriją šventą” into fairly lively language. It contains many Samogitian dialect words, for example: apsistoti “to remain in place,” apviežėjimas “care, arrangement,” atieškoti “to find,” išsitykti “to get dressed,” krestis “basket,” pabengti “to finish,” pabenga “end,” palaikis “thin, poor,” pargandinti “to frighten,” pribengti “to finish off, kill,” prisitiekti “to prepare,” užmokestis “payment, remuneration,” veizėjimas “looking, glance.” There are also many words that were used in old writings but later disappeared, for example: aimus “well-built,” apginklingas “armed, equipped with weapons,” gyvata “life, living,” išplėša “booty,” karionė “war, battle,” svilksnė “sling,” paskanda “flood,” paveikslas “example,” vylius “deception,” and so on.

The article presents a register of the collected lexicon, in which the nominative singular is given as the headword for nouns and adjectives, and the infinitive for verbs, with the forms normalized to the standard language. The part of speech is then indicated in abbreviated form, followed by the meaning of the word in quotation marks. After the explanation of the meaning, all the forms of that word found in the texts are listed. All morphological and spelling variants are recorded; if forms recur, only the S. Stanevičius work, page, and line are indicated thereafter. An asterisk marks words that are entirely absent from, or are not given with that meaning in, volumes I–XIV of the academic “Lietuvių kalbos žodynas”.

The register does not include the entire Lithuanian lexicon of S. Stanevičius’s writings, but only the portion that is not used in the modern standard language.

The work does not include words characterized solely by phonetic features of the Samogitian dialect, for example: pažįstamas, intikti, kūmi, nor words with phonological-morphological features, for example: aitoras, laza, lyzas, vėzas; indivisible phraseological expressions, for example: aukšta daina, aukšta giesmė “ode,” gražieji prityrimai “art,” kraštuose stovi “stands in place, without fear,” nebespaustos rankos raštai “unprinted writings,” surista kalba “verse”; or the ethnonyms used by S. Stanevičius, for example: Grykonas “Greek,” Gudas “Belarusian,” Phriggonas “Phrygian,” Lietuvininkas “Lithuanian of East Prussia,” Rymionas “Roman,” Rusonis “Russian.”

Word register

aimus adj. “1) beautiful, well-built, 2) wealthy, prosperous”: 1) buwa Juza-pas aymus Iš 344₂₃; aymesny buwa Iš 388₂₉; 2) pasyrody penky wiray arkleys yr styp[r]umu aymesny Iš 396₃₂.

ansai pron. “he”: ansay tary Iš 351₃; Iš 350₁; Iš 350₃₅.

antrašas noun. “heading”: su antraszays TPS 445₂₇; yszdawe wiel knigele, po antra-sza ŠP 40₁₆; ŠP 44₉; ŠP 36₁₄.

apgimimas noun. “nature, character”: rōdidamas taygy daynų žemaytiskų apgymymą DŽ 133₅; pažynty (…) apgymyma kalbos TPS 448₁.

apginklingas adj. “armed, equipped with weapons”: miestas (…) murays yr hoksztays apgynklyngas Iš 359₂₁; apey (…) witas Egipta maž ką apgynklyngas Iš 347₃₄.

apimti verb. “take, occupy”: pyles apjemy Iš 395₂₂; Iš 384₁₃; Iš 388₈; Iš 358₁₅.

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apr ink ti

life noun “life, existence”: Saula giwata ne siky užlayky Iš 369₁₁; apey Do-nalayczia giwāta ŠP 36₂₀.

gobtūrelis noun “gobtūras—a velvet cap, a silk cap decorated with beads” S. StanR 583: uždies gopturely DŽ 99₁₇.

idant conjunction “in order that” — expressing purpose in archaic or elevated language: idant tasay tarp jų karālum’ pastōtu ŠP 56₁₀; DŽ 72₂.

to incite verb “to set against one another”: karalu Samaryjos beprotev ikyrszny Iš 385₇.

ing preposition “into”: yng Nēmona wāra ŠP 54₁₅; ŠP 50₂₃.

separate adjective “separate”: yr ipatiose knigialies AD 307₆; po kāymas uždiety įpates griniczias AD 320₅.

plunder noun “booty”: daugel yszplieszas gawa Iš 396₄.

to recognize verb “to recognize, determine, consider as”: wagymys yszrada Iš 350₂₆.

creator* noun “creator”: pyrmāju yszrastoju pašaku ē sant ŠP 32₁₇.

to show verb “to show”: yszrōdy tā teykśma DŽ 133₁₂.

to become clear verb “to become clear”: wēyk yszsyrēyszky to paukszcze gudrīby ŠP 58₁₀.

to get undressed (to disrobe)? verb “to get undressed”: i kjala yszsitykusy Iš 379₄.

to print verb “to print”: išākes yszspāusty AD 308₈; yszspāusta buwa AD 307₁₀; apgārsjyta buwa yszspāustu rasztu ližuwie Rossu AD 307₇.

to compose verb “to compose”: according to (…) composed in the Greek language ŠP 42₃; (tales) composed in that language ŠP 34₈.

to compile verb “to compile”: a collection of Samogitian songs, compiled and printed DŽ 72₂₄.

announcer* noun “herald”: kursay yszwadynietoia apsiaustus atnesztu Iš 367₆.

jeben etc. “unless”: yszjemus jāben tykt užsykrietymā lygos AD 309₅.

jeib conjunction. “if”: jeyb yr muna timas balhelyś, gailu muna szyrdeley, gaylu DŽ 104₈; DŽ 103₁₂; DŽ 104₁₅; DŽ 107₇; DŽ 105₅…

kaipogi* conjunction. “also, too”: garbyngas, kaypogy mokitas wiras ŠP 42₁₂.

kalinys noun. “prison”: imety Juzapa i kalyny Iš 344₃₁; buwa (…) kalynie Iš 344₃₂; kālyne sargays podraug pasyluka ŠP 58₁₅; lig sūdūy stōsent, kalynie turieja ŠP 58₁₃; Iš 362₂₄; Iš 387₂₁; Iš 388₁₅.

karia noun. “war”: už paskutynenses kares Szwedu DŽ 72₁₄.

karionė noun. “war, battle”: kariony Iš 399₆; ant kariones prysityky Iš 372₁₀; karione (…) dransey wary Iš 395₁₈; Iš 399₇.

kiemas noun. “village”: Lazdenelu — kime (…) gymēs ŠP 34₂₇.

krestis noun. “basket (with a handle)”: jemy kresty Iš 355₁₄; tryns krestey Iš 345₂₁; nesziojau ant galvos trys kreszczius Iš 345₁₈; Iš 355₂₂.

lais is noun. “lentil” (a plant): del sawes walgy ysz laysiu Iš 339₁₉; kaypo tay su pupums, bûlbums, layseys AD 324₂₀.

laistyti verb. “to water”: reyk idiety i lāistita sāgona AD 323₅.

lankoti verb. “to pay respect, to try to please”: ji pagal pryderiejyma lankoja Iš 383₃.

laužtinėlė noun. “small harness with hooks”: laužtyneles tempdamas DŽ 98₂.

lėtunelis noun. “one who speaks little”: o kur tu eysy tu lietunely DŽ 117₅.

lydės noun. “races”: atèja pauksztems lidžiu gālas ŠP 58₃.

luštelis noun. “little tuft”: dēdame (…) lustzely ysz āprasza rudenis ŠP 36₂₇.

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to believe? verb “to become skilled, to understand”: where, after watching over people AD 320₅; David was appointed as one skilled in that work Iš 366₂₅; in what matter one is skilled TPS 442₁₃.

reed noun, “rush”: we take the cross from the rush Iš 355₁₅.

material (medega)? noun, “material”: a certain material (…) might be found TPS 448₃₀.

starch noun, “starch”: the best part is starch AD 310₁₇; not worth (…) starch AD 310₂₁; AD 311₆.

pupil noun, “ward, foster child”: former pupil ŠP 42₂₄.

scholar noun, “student, pupil”: by Symonas Stanevičius, a scholar of literature and the fine arts DŽ 67₆.

zeal noun, “ardor”: with zeal they hasten TPS 442₂₂.

misfortune noun, “loss, misfortune, harm”: the unfortunate should not be tormented by high misfortunes Iš 362₃.

not to change verb, “not to alter”: they go away without changing their being AD 310₁₂.

not to find verb, “to be lacking”: nothing good will be found ŠP 56₆.

because conjunction, “because”: because a person is not always able to recognize the truth ŠP 50₂₀; ŠP 34₁₇.

unskillfulness* noun, “lack of dexterity”: because of the unskillfulness of the rulers Iš 396₆.

shortage noun, “lack, insufficiency”: a shortage of bread AD 310₁; at that time there was a shortage of grain AD 308₇; shortage of grain AD 307₃; there was no shortage AD 311₁₄; helping those suffering shortages (…) Iš 377; AD 318₂₁; AD 321₈; AD 310₁₀; AD 309₂₁.

once* “formerly, some time ago (of a former pupil)”: former pupil ŠP 42₂₄.

soothing* noun, “calming, healing”: for his healing of the sick Iš 366₂₄.

to soothe verb, “to calm”: the Philistines (…) are soothed, and the Arabs overcome Iš 385₁₁; cannot be soothed Iš 381₁₉; those words are soothed Iš 379₂₇.

misadventure* noun “incident”: stebiesymies winōk rāde czionay tik nusydawymu wysōkiu TPS 448₁₉.

to succeed verb “to turn out successfully”: nusydawy mumus atrasty TPS 442₈.

encounter* noun “incident”: butu amžynu pamynklu nusytykyma Iš 359₁₂; Iš 351₁₈; Iš 359₁₇.

quality* noun “property”: o nutykymūse sawa su wysu lyḡy grūdams AD 309₁₉.

march* noun “district” (S. Stan. neologism, introduced to replace pavietas, S. StanR 570): kaltas esu (…) Karūžujū nužige Raseyniu DŽ 133₁₁.

end noun “ending”: pabenga DŽ 130₁₈; Iš 386₂₉.

to finish verb “to complete”: pabengy amžiu Iš 373₂₂; nebuwa dar pabengtas Iš 360₁; Iš 373₁₅.

assistance noun “1) help, 2) condition”: 1) praszity padiejyma Iš 385₂₇; par padiejyma Die wa Iš 383₃₂; padieȳme Diewa turieja Iš 387₆; ant padiejyma Diewa Iš 397₂₉; apleyde wylyty padieȳme Diewa Iš 399₉. 2) tokiome padiejyme patw ryt yma Ezechyjosziu Izajoszius Iš 386₂₇.

to become tedious verb “to weary, annoy”: pagryss mum judyney purweley DŽ 106₁₉.

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to disturb v. ‘to confuse’: the coral was disturbed by a miracle Iš 389₂₃.

backside noun ‘back, buttocks’: ant erele kitrey tiloja pakālas ŠP 58₉.

funeral rites noun ‘funeral rites: burial ceremony’ LKŽ IX: ten atlayke pakasty-nes Iš 354₁₄; Iš 399₃₀.

lean adj. ‘thin, poor’: septines karwes palawkes Iš 346₉.

commemoration noun ‘remembrance’: Aisopa pamynksla garbje laykidamy ŠP 34₆.

sermon noun ‘teaching, instruction’: it would be proper that, for the sake of the language and the Christian faith, a sermon be newly printed TPS 445₉.

victory* noun ‘victory’: so that at times they might not acknowledge the victory Iš 361₅; after the victory Iš 391₁₇; Iš 385₅; Iš 369₂₈; Iš 365₂₆.

to overcome v. ‘to defeat’: budawa pargaliety nu nepritėlu Iš 360₁₄ rassy mes par-galiesme DŽ 123₂₀; musztiniese pargalieja Iš 386₆; pargalietas Iš 387₂₁; pargalie-jes karalu Iš 391₃; Iš 397₂₈; Iš 395₂₈; Iš 399₁₉; Iš 395₂₇.

conqueror* noun ‘winner’: a promise had been made to the conqueror Iš 368₂₁; rejoicing for the conqueror Iš 368₁₁; the defeated conqueror Iš 368₉.

to frighten v. ‘to scare’: wysa ju wayska pargandyna Iš 365₂₁; Iš 396₁₅.

to send v. ‘to dispatch’: he sends him Iš 384₈.

to warn v. ‘to caution’: the prophet warns Iš 385₁; the warned man did not heed it Iš 385₁₆; so that he might be warned Iš 370₁₂; Iš 363₂₄; Iš 387₃₄.

to defeat v. ‘to overcome’: overcome by grief Iš 394₂₂.

together adv. ‘together, jointly’: parwin su mižiu saliklu DŽ 114₃.

to adopt as one’s own v. ‘to appropriate, to adopt as a son’: she adopts and calls them Moses’s Iš 355₃₂.

to notice v. ‘to observe’: Saulys noticed that Iš 365₂₄; he noticed that slyly Iš 389₁₉.

to be tempted verb. “to be tempted”: raszity pasygundzia ŠP 34₁₀.

to meet verb. “to come together, to meet”: ten mes pasyregiesme DŽ 98₆.

care noun. “effort, learning”: be jokia pasyrūpynyma TPS 443₂₅.

flood noun. “flood, inundation”: po prasydejima paskandos Iš 334₃₁; Iš 334₁₀; Iš 335₂₁; ženklųna pabayga paskandos Iš 355₅; Iš 355₁₇.

outskirts noun. “edge, corner”: muszwita paszaley ŠŽ 64₂.

anoint verb. “to confirm, elect, bless”: ant karalaus pateptas Iš 366₁₀.

pleasantly adv. “neatly, beautifully”: patogėy suswad ynty yra TPS 443₁₈.

until then adv. “up to that point”: wyrynty patoley, pakol ne pasydaris lympanty putra.

example noun. “example”: įdant prapultyn­ga paweiksla palykcziau Iš 392₁₇; perhaps pawėyksłu TPS 446₉; pawėyksłu bútu TPS 448₁₇.

looking noun. “looking, viewing”: ant patis powezejiwma galies numanity AD 316₁₄; Iš 332₅.

wound noun. “wound”: apturiejęs pažeyda Iš 388₂.

sign noun. “sign, indication”: pažimes žemaytyszkas gāydas DŽ 131₁.

dangerous adjective. “dangerous, bad”: įdant prapultynğa paweiksla jaunymyns palykcziau Iš 392₁₇.

introduction* (pratarýmas)? noun. “introduction”: pratarymas DŽ 71₁; prataryme ŠP 42₆; mokita prataryma ira wokyszkay raszes ŠP 36₁₉; DŽ 133₁.

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perishing noun “perishing, death”: nu pražuwos yszgialbieja Iš 369₇.

to finish off* verb “to finish off, kill” prybengy ji Iš 372₃₅.

besides adv. “besides”: priegtâm giâras ira TPS 446₁₀.

native* adj. “native”: ne niekyndamy prygymtos sawa žemaytyszkos kalbos ŠP 34₁₅; prygymtoj’ mūsų kalboj’ suraszitas ŠP 32₃.

preparation noun “1) preparation, 2) solemnity”: 1) tayp baysaus prysitykima ant waynos Iš 398₁₅; 2) Diewas dawy jums istatima bayseme prysitykime Iš 357₃₄.

to prepare verb “to prepare”: ant kariones prysityky Iš 372₁₀.

to grant verb “to give”: szawa sawa pryteykty norieja Iš 367₂₃.

care noun “care”: kur po prįweza menančiūse žmonių AD 320₅; AD 326₁₁.

supervisor* noun “supervisor”: padietas ant pryweizietojų Iš 344₃₄; Iš 345₂₈; Iš 346₁₆.

porridge noun “porridge”: pakol ne pasydar’s lympanty putra AD 317₁₀.

visibly adv. “clearly, visibly”: regietynay Dowidų smerty tiky Iš 368₃₁; Iš 396₃₀.

carefully adv. “carefully”: rûpesnyngay iszkóty TPS 444₁₅.

carefully* (rupiai)? adv. “carefully”: todiel rūpey reyk jes yszrynkyty yr atskyryty AD 314₂₆.

sermon noun “sermon”: dydžiause werczia dūdame šâkimams Dauksza TPS 445₃.

agreement noun “harmony, truce, agreement, treaty”: padary sandara Iš 399₂₃; neszty skrine sandaros Iš 359₃; bus ženklu sandaros Iš 355₁₃; nu amžiu sandaroj giwena ŠP 56₇; Iš 358₁₉; Iš 359₂₆; Iš 364₁₄; Iš 374₂₄....

concord noun “agreement?”: gražiu balsu yr santarmė ira daynumjemų DŽ 134₆.

savokti* verb “to find”: rasztû niekur sawokty negalie jome ŠP 42₁₈.

sekmas ordinal numeral “seventh”: dino sekmo Iš 371₉.

skaitlius noun “quantity, number”: yszspâusty sutenkanty skaytlu knigialu AD 308₉.

skepetelis noun “scarf”: muny jy nuszlustry szytku skepetelu DŽ 78₁₀.

sloga noun “misfortune, trouble”: nesutekymas jos teysvyngay paszkaytitas ira už dydžiause sloga AD 309₄.

sluogsnis noun “stanza”: paskutynemenja slugsnie nor sakity žyrgas DŽ 106₁₃.

sodnas noun “garden”: pryligst sodnams TPS 443₁₆.

spausti verb “to print”: spâustas Londone TPS 447₄; Karaláucziuje spâustas TPS 446₁₅; spâusta Keydayniùse TPS 447₁₆.

stačiai adverb “straight, properly?”: statey elgensys Iš 339₁₇.

sugryti verb “to catch”: ten but sugriję už marga lidekele DŽ 87₁₅.

suklėsti verb “to grow a profusion of berries” S. StanR 581: kad suklies glusnelej raudonas ugeles DŽ 93₅.

sumanė noun “opinion, attitude, intention”: apie sawa sumanes turiejos Iš 364₃₀; sawa sumanie tebshowieja Iš 356₁₁; prysvleyda ant sumanes netykrojy motina Iš 374₁₄; pakol pryklasuy sumanes Joode Iš 384₂₂; patyka karaluy sumany Iš 346₃₀; Iš 378₁₉; Iš 392₁₆; Iš 392₂₁.

susimylėti verb “to take pity”: susumyla ant jo Iš 355₁₄.

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to join verb “to contribute, join”: su jeys karalus Amaliecÿtu susyneszes buwa Iš 361₁.

to tear verb “to shred”: skara tayp wadynama nu žodže suskyres DŽ 78₁₅.

collection noun “collection”: daynu žemaytyszku surynkymas ysziktas yr yszspaus-tas butu DŽ 72₂₄.

to suffice verb “to be enough, suffice”: yszspáusty sutenkanty skaytlu knigialu AD 308₉.

to entice verb “to lure”: žaltis muny suwedy Iš 332₃₀; kad tu suw edey motryszke Iš 332₃₁.

to catch fish verb “to catch fish”: ten but sužwiję, ten but sugriję už marga lidekele DŽ 87₁₅.

sling noun “sling”: mety ysz swylksnes Iš 368₃; jemy tyktay laza, swylksne Iš 367₃₀.

*armor noun “weapons”: szarwa sawa pryteykty norieja Iš 367₂₃.

to support verb “to sustain, support, uplift”: nóryme szelpty sawa kalba TPS 444₁₂.

appropriate “suitable”: tamtykra mėdega rasty TPS 448₃₀.

favor noun “favor”: dydys teyksmas swieta Iš 368₁₄; yszródÿ ta teyksma; teyksmu karalaus Iš 389₃₃.

heir noun “heir, inheritor”: numyres palyka tieyawnyu sawa sunu Iš 399₃₅.

patriot noun “patriot”: ponistie mūsų daugel irą tiewūnu AD 321₁₄.

orderliness noun “orderliness”: po tisuma yr patógey suswadnyty ira TPS 443₁₈ (“neatly, in rows”).

to happen upon verb “to befall, occur”: pelieday yr szyksnósparniuy tyka ŠP 58₁₄.

to lie in wait verb “to lie in wait, remain silent and motionless, wait calmly and tensely for something” S. StanR 502: ant erele kitrey tiloja pakálas ŠP 58₂.

eagerly adv. “willingly, greedily”: tóky pászara galwjyey jéd labay troszkey AD 328₅.

tūlas adj. “frequent, more than one, many”: tūlose szalyse TPS 448₅.

uždoris noun “?”: Samsonas naktis wydurie atsÿkieles nueja pas duru miesta kures rades uždarytas, su uždareys su wysu, peteys yszkielÿs Iš 362₁₅.

užminimas (užmynimas)? noun “project”: jey užmynymas tasay pasÿrodīs wertu miegnÿma AD 321₁₉.

užmokesnis noun “remuneration, payment”: už suligta užmokiąsny Iš 355₃₀.

užsistebėti verb “to be astonished, to be amazed”: Jokubas (…) užsystebieja Iš 352₂₂.

užveizėtojas noun “overseer”: yr wysa Egipta užw eyzietoj u ira Iš 352₂₀.

užžinotojas noun “one who knows”: užžynotojys Iš 350₁₇; pavadyna užžynotojÿ Iš 350₂₀; lipy užžynotojuy sawa Iš 350₁₅; prisz užžynotojÿ Juzapa Iš 349₂₆; Iš 350₂₅; Iš 349₃₀.

vaidas noun “disagreement”: pradžia to wayda esanty ysz apine DŽ 114₂; waydužÿ padarey DŽ 111₁₂; kol winas buway waydužiu ne darey DŽ 111₈.

valdónas noun “owner, master”: laukū yr káymu waldonas ŠP 50₁₇; tiwoga waldonu AD 321₉; diel tū waldonu AD 320₁; idant waldonay AD 320₁₂; AD 319₁₈; AD 324₁₆.

vartinti verb “to compel”: w artyna walgity Iš 392₇.

veikslas noun “form, appearance?”: darose weyksle meylazodistes DŽ 72₁.

veizdėti verb “to look”: làpy alkana ant jo ysz krūma weyzdėja ŠP 48₆; weyzdiek swiėte nusymy nes ŠŽ 64₉.

veizėjimas noun “looking, gaze”: weyziejymu yr žodeys patw yrtynusy Iš 394₃₅.

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veizėti verb “to look”: wezick kniga ŠP ₂₄; weyiedams ant jo jaunistes Iš 367₁₂; ŠP 40₂₁.

verčia noun “assessment”: atrāda werczia AD 321₁₂; werczia dūdame TPS 445₉.

vienatėjis adjective “only”: jymk sumu sawa winatiejuy Iš 336₂₃; sumuy tawa wina-tiejuy Iš 337₅.

vylius noun “deception”: par willu sawa dukrawezdia prazūwa Iš 399₃₁; Iš 399₂₇.

visius noun “kin, descendants”: tawa wisius pryligs anas Iš 336₉; Iš 355₂.

visuotimas adjective “1) universal, 2) ordinary”: 1) according to universal knowledge ŠP 32₁₈; familiarity (...) wysōtyma apgymyma kalbos TPS 448₁; 2) leaving ordinary people as ordinary Iš 388₁₀.

žavinti verb “to kill, slay”: the king wanted to kill ŠP 58₁₂.

žyminimas noun “meaning, sense”: having no significance DŽ 130₁₆.

žmonystė noun “humanity”: toward humanity AD 309₁₃.

žvėiti verb “to fish, catch”: the fish swims in the sea DŽ 96₁₁.

žvynas adjective “covered with scales”?: has a covering like a scaly fish: wears boots on his feet; wears a helmet on his head and a shield on his shoulders Iš 367₂.

Albina Auksoriūtė

ŽEMAĪČIŲ ŽODŽIAI PRYŠININKĖ, PRYŠINĖ

One of the names for a room in the Žemaitian dwelling house—the *troba*—is pryšininkė. Other names related to this word are also used in the Žemaitian dialect: pryšinė, pryšininkė, pryšininkis.

The word pryšininkė is already known from the writings of S. Daukantas. Describing Žemaitian farmhouses, he notes: “And the third [door] leads into the *pryšininkė*, from the word *pryš*, since it was opposite the farmhouse door DB 23.” S. Daukantas does not mention the purpose of this room. Today, in the northern and western Žemaitian dialects, pryšininkė refers to a room in the farmhouse where the elderly live: Išėjo (išėjo) an karšenes į pryšininkę Brs. Parves marčia, mes kel­s-mos į pryšininkę Šv (LKŽ X 698). Northern Žemaitians also call this room pryšininke.

In the *Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language*, the explanation of the meaning of pryšininkė is supplemented with: “... or a furnished guest room” (X 698). In the Žemaitian dialect, pryšininkė does not mean a guest room, or this meaning is very rare. This meaning is also absent from the writings of M. Valančius, who used the word. K. Būga notes this as well: “Among the northwestern Žemaitians, pryšininkė... is not equivalent to our guest room” II 48. S. Daukantas mentions the following names for a guest room: trobos, svetlyčė, alkierius, svečio troba. Today, Žemaitians call a sitting room gerąja troba, didžiąja troba or use the same word as for the whole house—troba: The whole family gathered with the guest to chat in the good room Tl (LKŽ III 243). Let’s go to the large room; it’s not pleasant to keep guests in the kitchen Šll. Clean the house; perhaps guests will come tomorrow Kltn.

Southern Aukštaitians call a guest room by the similar word priešinė, alongside seklyčios, sveklyčios, svetlyčios: Į priešinę prašyk svečius Srj (LKŽ X 696). Suskabinom ir einam priešinėn šokt DrskŽ 283. The northern and western Žemaitian pryšininkei are related—

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