180 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIV–LXV
jonas PaLionis
Vilniaus uni e si e as
Resea ch a eas: his o y o he Li huanian w i en language,
onomas ics.
This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion.
Polish-Li huanian
dialec
P epa ed by someone
Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2010, 524 p. + compac disc.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
As o now, he announcemen o Li huanian-language dic iona ies (e.g. ilingual and
bilingual dic iona ies wi h Li huanian headings o explana o y wo ds) is mainly limi ed o
he 15 h-17 h cen u ies and he e i o y o Li le Li huania. The main con ibu o o
his wo k was Vincen D o inas, who p oduced h ee la ge manusc ip dic iona ies:
he anonymous Lexicon Li huanicum (1987), he Cla is Ge manico-Li h ana (1995-1997)
a ibu ed o F ede ick P e o ia, and he i s pa o he Ge manico-Li h anicum e
Li h anico-Ge manicum (2009). In he o me G and Duchy o Li huania, in addi ion o he
wo h ee- olume edi ions o Kons an in Si ydo's dic iona ies (1979 and 1997), p epa ed
by Kazia Pakalko, no mo e dic iona ies appea ed because hey we e no he e. I was
only om he beginning o he 19 h cen u y, wi h he eme gence o Li huanian
consciousness, ha bilingual and ilingual dic iona ies began o be w i en, many o
whose manusc ip s ha e disappea ed, ha e been ans e ed o o eign coun ies o
a e s ill wai ing o be published in ou lib a ies.
The i s such line was ound in he handw i en dic iona y o Polish-Li huanian
languages w i en in h ee by Simona daukan a in abou 1856 and p epa ed o p in ing
by Gied iaus subachiaus (published in 1993-1996). Recen ly, a second manusc ip
dic iona y o Polish languages o his pe iod was published, w i en by he amous
people's schola , pedagogue and au ho o he amous calenda (me skai lių) Lau yno
I inski (1811-1881). The manusc ip o his dic iona y is kep in K akow, in he lib a y o
he Polish Academy o Sciences (signa u e […] 2232). The e o e, i was no accessible
o he wide Li huanian esea ch communi y, al hough i is a e y in e es ing and aluable monumen o Li huanian lexicog aphy.
(he eina e e e ed o as he abb e ia ion iŽ).
I was p epa ed o p in ing by an employee o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e, she
said. F om i s in oduc ion, called he no e y success ul dic iona y o he au ho 's
Lau yno i inskio lenkų-lie u ių kalbų žodynas
As can be seen om he e iews o he old man, he p epa a ion o he dic iona y o
he p ess, among o he hings, had ce ain eelings o his compa io : he au ho o
he dic iona y and he p epa a ion o be bap ized in he same chu ch o Šilalė. This was
no he mos impo an eason, bu i con ibu ed o he ac ha we now ha e a
decoded ex o he I inski dic iona y wi h a compac disc ha allows us o e i y he
au hen ici y o he ex copied by compu e . pu ou pages in qua o o ma o he
Leidiniui pasi ink as in olio o ma as, ku iame (ma y , aupumo sume imais)
o iginal. The con en o he publica ion, in addi ion o […]Paga senė[…], consis s o wo
a icles (one p epa ed by […]lenkų kalbininkės Małgo za os kila (Ma ga i os kilia ės))
wi h hei Li huanian and Polish summa ies and a lis o li e a u e (p. iX[…]XLi), a sec ion
on […]w i ing p epa a ion p inciples[…] (p. XLiii[…]XV), a lis o abb e ia ed ex s (p.
XLV[…]XLVi), a ansla ion wi h a single digi al copy o a sepa a e page o pa o i (p.
1[…]523) and a hal o he in e nal disk. In he in oduc o y a icle o he dic iona y
"Lau yno i inskio lenkų-lie u ių kalbų žodynas" (p. iX[…]XXV) om he beginning i is
w i en abou he lexicog aphic endencies o he au ho o he dic iona y, u he […]
abou he su i ing pa o he dic iona y (i s sanda , he sou ce o he egis e o
Polish wo ds, he spelling o Li huanian wo ds, he main wo d, he dic iona y). An
in e es ing, in o ma i e a icle based on a se ies o in es iga ions in o I inski's
ac i i ies. he o iginal assump ion is aised in he i s sen ence ha […] eng i
dic iona ies Lau ynas i inskis could ha e been hough o ea lie han he amous
calenda in Li huanian language[…] (p. iX). In his manusc ip O Pisowni języka Li ewskiego,
w i en a e 1843, Pag indo made he assump ion ha he would w i e a dic iona y. Fo
he i s ime, he his o y o he manusc ip 's en y in o he C oa ian lib a y and i s
a angemen a e desc ibed in such de ail. The manusc ip came o he C oa ian lib a y
as a gi om Ma ia Po ulickai ė-oginski, he wi e o he c own p ince Bogdan Oginski,
who wan ed o p in i . The eco d o he o ice o he Academy in he a chi es o he
Academy o K akow, da ed Sep embe 8, 1918, quo ed abo e, shows ha a g amma ical
summa y o he Polish-Ge manic g amma was submi ed along wi h he dic iona y.
Howe e , he e is no men ion o his p esence o absence in he lib a y o he Academy
by he au ho o he a icle, bu he e is e idence ha a e he dea h o I inski, he
cus odian o his w i ings was Alexande Mo ine , ha he wo d and g amma o he
p ies ess may ha e been gi en o him by a iend o I inski's, a iend o he eache o
he gymnasium, who had handed o e pa o he manusc ip s o he pupil o he
Ma ijampolė gymnasium (among hose manusc ip s we e he le e s A, B, C and S).
no el y […]Paga ap ašydama iŽ sanda ą kažukauskai ė no es ha i consis s o
h ee pa s: he i s om A o 1018, he second om 1019 o 1767 and he hi d om
1768 o 2060 pages. I would ha e been nice i hose pa s had been g aphically
sepa a ed in he ew i en ex . A wo d co e ing only AR le e s. Pa o he le e S o he wo d ha had en e ed
182 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIVLXV in he hands o Kazy G inius, disappea ed
jonas PaLionis
somewhe e (wi h which he dic iona y would be 2688 pages)1. he ac ha he e
may ha e been manusc ip s wi h dis an le e s in he wo ds indica es ha in 2003 I
no iced a nes wi h a e e ence o he W le e wo d: […] udopió , jeszkok
wa uga[…]. I 's you head. Mau icijaus o gelb ando (some imes called […]słownik
jau k. g inius y a nus a ęs, kad i inskis lenkiškajai sa o žodyno daliai naudo-
wileński[…], which is ma ked san umpa swil in he e iewed publica ion) a wo- olume
dic iona y o he Polish language, published in Vilnius in 1861. Li huanian-bo n linguis
Jonas Ka lo ic (jan ka łowicz) did no ha e a good opinion o him: he was no w i en
by linguis s, so " he wo k emained o he equi ed knowledge" (p. XV). Howe e ,
he e ha e been some posi i e commen s. I insky mus ha e liked i because i is
in ended o […]do pod ęcznego uży ku[…] (as i is w i en on i s i le page) and
co e s he lexicon o a ious ields, especially he abundan e m […]z obcych
języków polskiemu p zyswojonych[…] (a he same ime).
The au ho o he a icle, compa ing he so-called olgeb ando dic iona y wi h he iŽ
manusc ip , desc ibed in conside able de ail he associa ions and di e ences o
hei cus oms. I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha in he Polish pa o my
ocabula y, I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound
ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha
I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e
ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound
ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I's I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha
I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I' e ound ha I's I' e ound. Howe e , in my opinion,
he mos impo an di e ence is ha much less wo ds o any le e a e p o ided:
om swil i inskis he ook only hose wo ds ha , in his opinion, we e mos needed by
he Polish-speaking Li huanian eade o he ime, who wan ed o lea n o be e
lea n he Li huanian language (al hough he au ho o he a icle does no w i e abou his, i.e. abou i inskis). Fo his pu pose, I insky was able o bo ow pa o he Polish wo ds no only om swil, bu also om he language o he Polish-speaking local people (šlėk ų, d a ininkų) ( he au ho p o ides en such wo ds, bu he e may ha e been mo e).
Wi hou going in o he de ails o some o he di e ences summa ised in he a icle, i can be said in
summa y ha he e a e qui e a numbe and a a ie y o di e ences. The au ho o he a icle, i
seems o me, igh ly poin s ou ha I inskis has chosen a simple , mo e accessible o Li huanians
sanda o his ocabula y (he has in oduced o e a hund ed wo ds ha a e di e en om swil
no es, has no coun ed he meanings o wo ds, e c., al hough his, o cou se, has a ec ed he
schola ship o his ocabula y). A e he p esen a ion o compa a i e Polish wo ds swil and iŽ
analysis, a lo o space is de o ed o he cha ac e is ics o he Li huanian pa in he a icle o he
somewha disjoin ed one. The au ho w i es abou iZ w i ing (p. XViii[…]XiX), g amma and lexical
composi ion (p. XiX[…]XXii). 11 by Jonah C oup. Lexical wo ks o L. I inski. This is Jonah C oup. Selec ed
w i ings. Vilnius: Ins i u e o he Publishing o Science and Encyclopedias, 1998, 231.
Lau yno i inskio lenkų-lie u ių kalbų žodynas
The subjec ma e o he a icle ela es o he au ho 's iews exp essed in his
manusc ip s […]o pisowni języka li ewskiego[…] and […]o pisowni i iloczasie języka
li ewskiego[…], w i en a e 1840 m2. The i le o he la e a icle by he au ho
ansla es as "On he spelling and punc ua ion o he Li huanian language", bu
iloczas in he anno a ed Polish language mean leng h3. T ansla ing he linguis ic
e m in his way mus ha e had an impac
iŽ a ojami ne šeši ženklai: –, ˄, `, ´, ⏑, ´
(las one is e y a e). some o hese signs we e used o ma k no only he numbe
o o es and he place o he c oss, bu also he place o he bi hplace o he
au ho . Vy au as Vi kauskas w i es ha in he "silen oices" ha a e clea ly
ma ked di e en ly, i is possible o ace he chi ping o a nishes. We can clea ly
see he spa k o he s onghold's app oach on he i s loo : gā sas p. 1937
The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin
he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Howe e , he subjec s o accen ology,
as well as w i ing, a e no discussed in de ail in he a icle and a e le o o he esea che s.
As ega ds he a icle in ques ion, he au ho adhe es o he adi ional iew ha i
e lec s he cha ac e is ics o he I inski's na i e lowland dunes, bu i has no been
consis en ly main ained, in many cases eplaced by high quali y. and in ac , he wo d is
o en used ins ead o he monosyllabic [ī], [ū], which is ypical o he Dunians, he double
owel [ie], [uo], o example. Howe e , in addi ion o hese, he e a e o en dūnininkiškiai,
o example: Piènas 5925, Wiènas 379, Dùo é 161, Kłuònas 350 and so on. : Pŕšzingas 967,
Pŕžadas 350, Dùbie 373, Ka iùmēné 20 (especially common wi h he p e ix p i, p i-). In
gene al, I insky, like o he w i e s and public igu es o he ime, w o e in a ce ain
spoken mix u e, which was analyzed in de ail in he a o emen ioned s udio o Pe o
Jonik, which was no used by he au ho o he a icle.
When alking abou he basis o in e p e a ion, i is no possible o o ge he concep s de eloped by I inski
on he basis o he w i en language o in e p e a ion. He was con inced ha w i en language needed o
choose one language, no wande h ough a maze o di e en languages. In his opinion, he w i en language
o Li huania should be es ed in he middle dialec (ś odkowy p owincjalizm). Howe e , he did no speci ically
de ine "p o incialism" and mo e o en w o e in Wes e n dialec s no only he wo-syllable [ie], [uo], bu also
he wo-syllable [ai], oc. + n and k .6 ha I insky 12 Pe e Ionic. The c ea ion o he Li huanian common
sa o žodyne g iežčiau nesilaikė ienos a mės, odo į ai ių a minių lyčių pa eikimas
kai ku iems lenkiškiems žodžiams, p z.: Dąb, dębu m. Ànżuołas, -a, uòżuo łas,
w i en language in he second hal o he 19 h cen u y. This is Chicago, '72, '65. 13 See also Samuel Bogumił
Linde. Słownik Polish language 2. The ci y o L i , 1855. 14 Vy au as Vi kauskas was bo n in Vienna, Aus ia.
The lexicological p inciples o Lau ence I es. […] 150 h anni e sa y o he calenda o Lau yn I inski. Vilnius:
Ins i u e o Li huanian Li e a u e and E hnog aphy, 1997, 30. The numbe 15 he e and e e ywhe e else
indica es he o iginal page. See also A icle 16. This is he case in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, o example,
in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom.
184 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIVLXV àżuołas, -ła 160; Chleb, -a. This is he i s ime
jonas PaLionis
ha he Li huanian language has been used in he Eu opean Union. The Douna (dùna and
douna) 111; Gnoić . a. Pùdʼi é, pù dʼn é 121; K os a, - y . Niēžas, Nžas 480; Dwak oć a d.
This is he i s ime ha his has happened. Dŭ kâ ŭ, dŭ źîgiŭ 229. high-pi ched
( aka ie indamas) dūnininkiškas o ms o wo ds, i inskis, as co ec ly no ed by
kažukauskai ė, "p ikū ė and a i icial, hype no ma i e wo ds" (p. In addi ion o he
abo e-men ioned, he e a e a numbe o o he wo ds ha can be added o his
s a emen , especially wi h he p e ix nu- je , e.g. a d. nenuok ā omaj 745, nu- je na
1251, in . nu- je na 781, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 836, nu- je na 836,
nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na
8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 8353, nu- je na 9353, nu- je na 10363, and
nu- je na 10364. Howe e , a mo e in-dep h s udy o he linguis ic cha ac e is ics is
s ill awai ing he a en ion o linguis s. The e a e qui e a ew places le in he a icle
on he cha ac e is ics o he Li huanian lexicon. The e's a huge amoun o deminu i e
wo d di e si y on he squa e, and he e's a lo o w i ing abou he wo k o he
newcome s, he sou ces o he lexicon, and so on, and i 's ac ually abou wo ds aken
om lowe -le el languages, ea lie ones, especially Sy iac, dic iona ies, and au ho s
hemsel es. Vi kauskas w o e in one o his a icles ha I insky had misspelled only
one o he wo d. Bu ha 's an inaccu a e s a emen , because he e's a lo o new
wo ds ha ha e been coined, and I hink ha 's a lo o new wo ds. Ma inskis ied o
gi e e e y Polish wo d a Li huanian equi alen wi hou ail and, when he did no ind i
in his dic iona y o dic iona ies, he c ea ed a new one. In his espec , i di e s om
i s con empo a y Polish-Li huanian dic iona y, which o en lea es an emp y space on
such occasions. When w i ing abou he wo k o newcome s, she no es ha mos o
hem use wo ds o an in e na ional na u e, such as he wo d "o gelb ando" in hei
ocabula y. Fo illus a ion pu poses, i has p o ided en examples o such
inno a ions: Bank […] Sàndie is 36, Geome y […] Ma ińīs é 306, His o y […] Wējksmas,
wèjksmié 364, Ins inc […] Ìs igis 392, Kolega […] Wiend āugis 447, Pa liamen […] Kalbiè iné
1072, Reakcja […] P iśzingēné 1668, Relikwja […] ā łajkas, Rezydencja […] Rezuwén 1683
and many o he s. In addi ion o he abo e, he ollowing a e o in e es , mos ly
un eco ded, and new ones: Aspi an […] Bend āno is, bend āgejdis 22, Dyalek […]
Kałboskie is (= Kałbosky is?) 235, Philologis […] Da i ièjas, pà wejzdie ojas 276,
genealogy […] Gim aśzis, Gimīnsekis 305, Imagina ion […] Pa ejksl[…]né 387, Onanism […]
On epis 1566, Pseudonym […] S ā dis 1600, Pawczyń […] 1728, Racke […] Ugniłakis, 1621,
Ro acja […] Apsukmis, 1728, Russian Realiza ion […] Realiza ion […] Gajnaśb, Gajb, Gajb,
Gajb, Russian 17 Vy au as Vi kauskas, min. eik., p. 199. This a icle is pa o a se ies
on he Bible.

Lau yno i inskio lenkų-lie u ių kalbų žodynas
185 ecenzijos / e iews
jau iš pa eik ų pa yzdžių ma y i, kad ka ais p ie ieno lenkiško ( esp. a p au-
he wo d 'iZ' is gi en a e wo o mo e new wo ds. I 's also one o he signs o hei
inno a ion. In addi ion, in addi ion o he mode n wo d, in he Li huanian pa o he
nes , he loan wo d is also gi en, e.g. Kalenda z […] Kalendo ius, Me skaj lus 402,
Pa lamen […] Pa lamen en as, kalbiè iné 1072. bene he mos impo an mo i a ion
o c ea e new concep s, especially new e ms o ma k special concep s, i inski was
he desi e o clean and en ich he lexicon o he w i en language, con amina ed wi h
many o eign wo ds. Howe e , i was di icul o him, who had no linguis ic aining,
o c ea e good inno a ions in e ms o deeds and meaning. The au ho o he a icle
gi es an example o one o his inno a ions, which has al eady been c i icized by he
edi o and which is ound e en in he nin h edi ion as a co espondence o di e en
Polish wo ds, bu somehow liked by he Kausakai e, who used i (especially in e ms o
o iginali y) in he publica ion in he meaning o he p o e b. Al hough I insky has
c ea ed ew good inno a ions, one o his inno a ions was eco ded in la e w i ings,
newspape s o he end o he 10 h cen u y and su i ed un il ou ime (e.g. he
e ymological meaning o he wo d was used in 1883 in […]auš oje[…], see. LkŽ XX 936, and
a ming in a sligh ly di e en sense p obably eached he p esen -day Va osen
h ough la e dic iona ies, plg. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
The a icle summa ized in a sligh ly di e en way a lo o new wo ds, aken om he wo d
si ydo. Howe e , i has no been de e mined how much o i came om he Ch is ian Go lib
Milkaus and Fe dinand Nesselmann dic iona ies, which I insky also used when w i ing his own.
I 's le o u u e esea che s. In addi ion o inno a ions, ano he , e en mo e signi ican ,
laye o he Li huanian lexicon, […] people, mainly wo ds aken om he na i e I inian
language, abou which li le has been said in he a icle on somewha . And he e's a lo o
wo ds like ha . O en, a wo d ha has en e ed he Polish language o he Anu-Ome ic Polish
language is accompanied by mo e han one, usually synonymous olk ma ches, e.g. The
ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: Bu i was ce ainly mo e abundan han he
mode n one. In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned, he e a e also a numbe o simila i ies
be ween he wo languages, such as he name o he ci y is de i ed om he G eek wo d
o "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y,"
"ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
apie iŽ esančio liaudinės leksikos sluoksnio kiekybę kažukauskai ės s aipsny-
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
"ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y" "ci y"
In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he
jonas PaLionis
Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom,
he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed
Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he Uni ed Kingdom, he Uni ed Kingdom, and he
Uni ed Kingdom, a e membe s o he Uni ed Kingdom.
In e es ing, especially o Polish-speaking people, is he a icle by he Polish linguis
Ma ga i a Kila (Małgo za a Kila ) "Słownik polsko-li ewski waw zynca iwińskiego
jako ź ódło badań nad polszczyzną li ewską" (p. om he name i can be seen ha i s
au ho s mainly ca ed abou he ixed ea u es o he Li huanian Polish language,
especially he lexical ones. Howe e , om he beginning o i s a icle i w i es abou
he spelling o he Polish pa and he ela ed phone ic and mo phological ea u es,
hen abou he subjec s o wo d making, and a e hem abou he lexicon, especially
egionalism. Some o he la e a e discussed he e sepa a ely and in conside able
de ail, based on he dic iona ies o Alexande B uckne , Wi old Do oszewski, Jan
Ka łowicz, Alexande Ku sai is and o he linguis ic wo ks. In addi ion o he abo e, he
sky ium is also summa ized in he o ms o […]ypa ingosios[…] (osobliwy) bo: Pog obek
118, Poku ć 118, Po cjunkuł 112, 123, P aso ilko 116, 127 and he a ie ies o he goddess
(Nazon 163, R): 1617, Ragon 1618, 1646, Raju 162, Reiddyn 118, Reig, Radjana, 1619.
In desc ibing egionalism, he au ho o he a icle ca e ully se s ou he iews
o p ominen Polish and o he na ional linguis s on hei o igins (no men ion o he
kelio Li auisches e ymologisches Wö e buch) i pasako dėl jos sa o apibend inamą-
opinion o E ns o F aen, excep o Ba ysz, which Do oszewski bo owed om
he Tu kish ba isz 'pokoj', en e ed he Polish language h ough he Bal ic and
Uk ainian languages (p. 18 The ex ep oduced below is inco ec ly p in ed by Rojsko.
Lau yno i inskio lenkų-lie u ių kalbų žodynas
187 e iews In he sub i le o his wo d, a ema k is eco ded in he Kauskauskai ė
ha i does no ha e a […]swil[…]. So whe e his wo d came om in his o m, I don'
know. In Li huanian, he plu al o m ba yshiai, meaning "maga yčias" (LkŽ i 639), is
commonly used. In pa icula , he Regionalis Depa men has a wide ange o linguis ic
iews on he meaning, o igin and use o he wo d Kul in he ea lies La in sou ce, he
Codex diploma icus ecclesiae ca hed alis necnon dioeceseos Vilnensis om 1476. I 's
like an e ymological dic iona y a icle desc ibing his wo d. The au ho , a e
summa izing he a ious iews, ag ees wi h hose who belie e ha i is a
Li huanianism de i ed om he " oo o he sheep", bo owed om he Bal a s o
simply om Li huanian (p. How di e en was he opinion o he cle k abou he wo d
"a hle e" in he league? She, appa en ly in luenced by some Bulga ian linguis s,
conside s his wo d o be de i ed om he Bulga ian pe im u li ua nizmu: […]bio ąc pod
uwagę zasięg geog a iczny ych słów [ . y. odliga // o liga J. P.], can no be spoken o
bezpoś ednej pożyczce z li ewskiego[…] (p. XXXV). nei he he da a p o ided by he
au ho he sel no he sligh ly in lec ed o m allow such a conclusion, c . Li huanian
emune a ion o a hle es (LkŽ i 397). Simila e oneous conclusions a e made abou he
wo ds Pundel (p. XXXVI), Rojs o // Rojs (p. XXXViii), Rupieć (p. XXXiX). I is good ha
such conclusions ha e been a oided by summa izing he o igins o he wo ds Rogojsz //
Rogajsz, Poku ć, which a e conside ed o be […]bezpoś ednio zapożyczonami[…].
he a o emen ioned "special" o ms a e no much w i en abou in he a icle,
because hey a e clea polonisms, adap ed o he Li huanian language (plg. swil:
Po cjunkuła, iŽ: Po cjunkuł 1223, which he au ho o he a icle calls
"zapożyczeniem z języka li ewskiego" (p. XXXiX)). he explana ions o he o igins o
he names o he dei ies gi en in he a icle a e no allowed: he desc ip ions gi en in
he dic iona y o hose dei ies a e su icien . A he end o he a icle, he au ho
igh ly emphasizes he impo ance o Polish s udies: i is an impo an sou ce
showing he di e ences be ween he common Polish language ( […]polszczyzną
ogólnopolską[…]) and he Polish language spoken in he lands o he o me G and Duchy
o Li huania ( […]polszczyzną używaną na e lego wielkiego księs wa li ewskiego[…], p.
XXXiX[…]XL). Wi h he in o ma i e a icle, Kilia ė g ea ly inc eased he alue o he
publica ion and ea ned he g a i ude no only o he Poles, bu also o he Li huanians.
Bu ha 's no he end o he e iew. I mus be said ha as an impo an sou ce no
only o he his o y o he Polish language, bu especially o he his o y o he
Li huanian language, he his o y o he Li huanian dialec ology, he his o y o he
me o d ikalbių žodynų. i ne ien dėl o, kad jis da nebu o pa eng as spaudai,
Li huanian lexicog aphy, o he sake o objec i i y, i canno be compa ed wi h
ei he i s index sou ce swil o many o he p in ed wo ks. The mos impo an hing is
ha i was w i en by a man who had no special philological educa ion, who lacked bo h
he heo y o lexicog aphic wo k and he p ac ice o such wo k. I is he e o e no
su p ising ha Swil asks o a de ailed (nume ical) classi ica ion o he meanings o wo ds, o an abundance o illus a i e examples, and o he quali y o he lexicological desc ip ion o wo ds (lizd sanda os, g amma ical quali ie s). I 's w i en abou
188 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIVLXV in he a icle on somewha o a
jonas PaLionis
misunde s anding, i can be quickly no iced by compa ing he ex s o hese wo
dic iona ies. So he swil ad an age is comple ely unde s andable. One, he dic iona y
was w i en by se e al au ho s, and wo, al hough hey we e no linguis s ei he ,
some o hem we e mo e philologically inclined. In addi ion, Polish lexicog aphy had olde
adi ions ha could be aced back o Swill w i e s. Howe e , as Vi kauskas poin s
ou , i is mo e impo an o linguis s han he Polish-language dic iona y, which
con ains many Polish wo ds ha do no ha e Li huanian equi alen s a all. A he end
o he e iew, i is also ad isable o pay a en ion o he inaccu acies and co ec i e
e o s no ed in he publica ion. On page XiX i is s a ed ha "The e a e only eas e n
highland iliac o ms in he Zodiac", bu he iliac is known o be cha ac e is ic no only
o eas e n, bu also o middle and sou he n highlands. whe e he same shapes as
kalnop, biesop a e conside ed no ilia ic, bu adesi e. In he no e on page X, Rena o is
p in ed ins ead o Rie a o. Bu I ha en' no iced much o ha in he publica ion. His
p epa e , somehow, has done a e y me iculous job o ex ao dina y diligence and
endu ance, o which she dese es g ea p aise and hanks. I is deba able whe he
he choice o manusc ip publica ion - a copy wi h a compac disc a ached - is
supe io o he adi ional pho ocopying-g e imin a ian o no ( he olde
gene a ion, who do no use compu e s, may ind he la e be e and mo e
con enien ), bu he good news is ha i has gene ally become eadily a ailable o
esea che s. A he end o he in oduc o y a icle, she p omises ha "an index o
his dic iona y will be published" (p. XXii). We look o wa d o such an index and hope
ha i will be compiled no by anyone else bu by he edi o o he e iewed dic iona y,
who has bes acqui ed he lexical legacy o Lau yn I inski.
Deli e ed on 20 Ap il 2011
jonas PaLionis
Vilniaus uni e si e as
J. Tumo-Vaižgan o, g. 9-27, Vilnius, Li huania 19 Fo example, Janua y Pilipa ičius ( ilipowicz), one o he
se en swil suda y ojs, had g adua ed om Vilnius Uni e si y and w o e on Polish chemis y
e minology, see Polish biog aphical dic iona y, . Vi, zesz. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
10 Plg. o he This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.