153 ecenzijos / e iews
wiLLiaM . schMaLs ieg
he Pennsyl ania s a e uni e si y
ields o esea ch: indo-eu opean s udies, bal ic, especially old
P ussian, sla ic languages.
algi das sabaliauskas
Lie uViŲ kaLbos
y inėjiMo is o ija:
1980–2010 M.
Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 2012, 766 p.
isbn 978-609-411-084-91
in he o ewo d (p. 11) he au ho w i es ha his book is a con inua ion o his
ea lie books Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: iki 1940 m. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1979
(„ he his o y o he esea ch on he Li huanian language un il 1940“) and Lie u ių
kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: 1940–1980 m. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1982 („ he his o y o
he esea ch on he Li huanian language om 1940 o 1980“). as be o e he con-
side s in es iga ions in Li huania and hose ou side o Li huania’s bo de s in sepa-
a e sec ions.
sabaliauskas begins wi h a chap e on he la ge academy dic iona y (Lie u ių
kalbos žodynas), which, in his opinion, is he mos impo an accomplishmen o
Li huanian philology (p. 15). his had i s beginning in 1902 when he mos dis-
inguished in es iga o o Li huanian lexicology, kazimie as būga, began o p epa e
he ca ds om which his dic iona y o he Li huanian Language has i s o igin. i
is accessible online a www.lkz.l .
al hough he chap e s in his book a e no numbe ed by he au ho he second
chap e is de o ed o o he lexicog aphical wo ks (Ki i leksikog a ijos da bai). in
1993 unde he edi o ship o s asys keinys he hi d edi ion o he one- olume
Daba inės lie u ių kalbos žodynas „dic iona y o Mode n Li huanian“ was published.
sabaliauskas also men ions Laima g umadienė’s and Vida Žilinskienė’s equency
dic iona ies published in 1997 wi h wo ds in o de o dec easing equency and
published in 1998 in alphabe ical o de . in his chap e sabaliauskas discusses
nume ous bilingual dic iona ies, all ha ing he second language as a eu opean
1 i should like o hank he ewi h P o . Vi ginija Vasiliauskienė o eading an ea lie e sion
o his e iew and making aluable sugges ions.
154
wiLLiaM . schMaLs ieg
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
language excep o dalia Š amba y ė’s japanese–Li huanian dic iona y (Japonų–
lie u ių kalbų hie ogli ų žodynas) (p. 32).
chap e 3 (p. 33) desc ibes he his o y o Li huanian wo k on e minology. in
1991 a special e minological di ision was es ablished in he ins i u e o Li huanian
Language (Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as). his di ision was i s headed by kazimie as
gai enis and in 2001 he headship passed o albina aukso iū ė. in 1994 p ima -
ily a he ini ia i e o s asys keinys he e minological sec ion began o publish a
jou nal Te minologija.
he numbe and a ie y o specialized dic iona ies is uly amazing. jus sampling
he la e sabaliauskas ills wo pages (36–37) wi h he names o au ho s and i les
beginning wi h an anas bu ačas’ Anglų–lie u ių kalbų eknomikos žodynas (english–
Li huanian economics dic iona y) and ending wi h Mečislo as Žalake ičius and
i ena Žalake ičienė’s Paukščių pa adinimų žodynas (dic iona y o bi d names).
chap e 4 is de o ed o academic Li huanian language g amma s (p. 38–43). he
Lie u ių kalbos g ama ika (Vilnius, 1965–1976, i–iii) edi ed by kazys ul ydas emains
he mos exhaus i e desc ip ion o he g amma ical s uc u e o he Li huanian lan-
guage. he Грамматика литовского языка (Вильнюс: Мокслас, 1985) edi ed by
Vy au as amb azas was no jus a la e e sion o he ea lie h ee- olume wo k men-
ioned abo e bu ook in o conside a ion mo e ecen phonological, mo phological
and syn ac ical de elopmen s. he Li huanian e sion appea ed in 1994; 2nd ed.
1996; 3 d ed. 1997; 4 h ed. 2005. he english edi ion appea ed in 1997 (p. 40).
a he Li huanian Language ins i u e a g oup o linguis s di ec ed by axel
hol oe has begun o p epa e a new g amma o Li huanian. acco ding o he new
au ho s, he undamen al heo ies o wen ie h cen u y linguis ics – s uc u al,
gene a i e and cogni i e – ha e gi en o g amma ical heo y many aluable ideas
which a he beginning o he new millennium no g amma ical desc ip ion can
a o d o igno e. one can ge an idea o hese esea ches om he ou olumes
o wo ks on Li huanian g amma edi ed by axel hol oe and o he s (p. 42).
he ou h chap e akes up he Li huanian dialec a las, dialec ex s, dic ion-
a ies and desc ip ions (p. 44). a he Li huanian Language ins i u e wo k on he
Lie u ių kalbos a lasas was con inued. in 1982 he second olume o his wo k,
de o ed o phone ics was published. his olume has 112 maps each o which
shows wo o h ee phone ic ea u es. he hi d olume, de o ed o mo phology,
appea ed in 1994, al hough he o icial da e is 1991 (p. 46). in 1995 he dialec-
ologis s o he Li huanian Language ins i u e unde ook in common wi h special-
is s in in o ma ion echnology he c ea ion o a web-si e on which a pa o Zigmas
Zinke ičius’ Lie u ių kalbos dialek ologija was published. in he yea 2000 wi h he
help o unesco inancing a compac disk, Volume 1 o Li huanian dialec s. Mul-
imedia Dic iona y was published (p. 49).
algi das sabaliauskas
Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: 1980–2010 m.
155 ecenzijos / e iews
in he las ew yea s a numbe o indi idual dialec ex s ha e been published
by Vladas g ina eckis, Žane a u bana ičiū ė-Ma ke ičienė, elena g ina eckienė,
aleksas gi denis, danguolė Mikulėnienė, and many o he s (p. 50). sabaliauskas
desc ibes in de ail he p oblems o eco ding he language o hose speaking he
dying dialec s o Li huanian.
sabaliauskas (chap e 6) w i es ha he mos impo an wo k o ecen decades
in he ield o onomas ics is he Lie u ių pa a džių žodynas „dic iona y o Li hua-
nian amily names“ he i s olume o which (a–k) appea ed in 1985 and he
second olume (L–Ž) in 1989 (p. 63). he basis o his dic iona y is a ile o names
in he Li huanian language ins i u e. he au ho s di ided Li huania in o abou 280
poin s he cen e s o which a e la ge inhabi ed places. he numbe o amilies
wi h his o ha name is shown. i is in e es ing o no e ha only abou 21 pe
cen o Li huanian su names a e o bal ic o igin, abou eigh pe cen a e o ge -
man o igin and 71 pe cen a e o sla ic o igin o names coming h ough sla ic.
Men ion should also be made o kazys kuza inis’ and b onys sa ukynas’ Lie u ių
a dų kilmės žodynas (Vilnius: Mokslas, 1987) de o ed o he o igin o Li huanian
gi en names (p. 65).
The Lie u os ie o a džių žodynas „dic iona y o Li huanian Place names“, (Vol.
i, 2008) is es ima ed o each a o al o en olumes in all (p. 66). sabaliauskas
w i es ha om he i s olume one ge s he imp ession ha he mos abundan
laye o place names is connec ed wi h names o ees: aksnis ‘alde ee’, žuolas
‘oak’, bé žas ‘bi ch ee’ (p. 67).
b ie biog aphies o dis inguished Li huanian linguis s and non-Li huanian
linguis s wo king in Li huania (žymesnieji y inė ojai) occupy pages 74–355. jus a
lis o he names o hese dis inguished linguis s (mos o whom, i no all a e
well known o bal icis s) would ake se e al pages and i wouldn’ add much o
his e iew. i ha e coun ed 73 names in he able o con en s. his does no in-
clude se gejus emčinas o whom se e al pa ag aphs a e de o ed on p. 355, bu
who does no igu e in he able o con en s. he i s au ho men ioned is juo-
zas senkus (1907–1970) o whom only a single pa ag aph is dedica ed. i should
no e, howe e , ha hese b ie biog aphical no es gi e ample e e ences o longe
a icles whe e mo e in o ma ion can be loca ed. in pa icula he e a e e e -
ences o sabaliauskas’ ea lie wo k, Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: 1940–1980,
Vol. ii, Vilnius, 1982, p. 74, whe e mos o hose men ioned in he book unde
e iew ha e al eady been desc ibed. hose o whom sho e a icles a e de o ed
a e, i seems o me, hose who ha e accomplished mos be o e 1980. hus o
juozas senkus (1907–1970) and jonas k uopas (1908–1975) only pos humous
edi ions o hei wo k a e men ioned, since hei ea lie wo k was al eady desc ibed
in Vol. ii o his se ies. some schola s such as iča das Mi onas o whom an a -
156
wiLLiaM . schMaLs ieg
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
icle mo e han a page in leng h (p. 48–49) is de o ed in Vol. ii o he se ies is
only casually men ioned in Vol. iii (once each on p. 197, 198 and 269 in connec-
ion wi h some o he schola ). Longe a icles a e de o ed o hose whose wo k
alls p ima ily in o he hi y-yea pe iod 1980–2010. hus, o example, mo e
han wo pages (75–77) a e de o ed o kazys ul ydas. only in he i s a icle in
(Vol. ii, p. 49), do we lea n ha he was bo n in 1910 and only in he second
a icle (Vol. iii, p. 75) do we lea n ha he died in 1996.
only one page (p. 79) is de o ed o jonas kazlauskas whom i emembe well
un il his day, al hough he las ime i saw him was in 1970 (mo e han o y
yea s ago). i emembe he me me a he Vilnius ai po and while wai ing o
he s ee -ca o ake us in o Vilnius, he began o apologize o me o no coming
o lec u e a Penn s a e whe e we had in i ed him. i old him ha i knew abou
his and i handed him he xe ox copy o he answe (in ussian) we had go en
om he so ie au ho i ies in Moscow acco ding o which he was oo busy wi h
his du ies a he uni e si y o Vilnius o come o Penn s a e. kazlauskas looked
a he xe ox and said ha his was he i s ime ha he had seen he le e . i
couldn’ hink o he Li huanian wo d o nonsense so i used he ussian wo d
eрyнда which kazlauskas quickly co ec ed o me in o niekai. i lea ned in saba-
liauskas’ a icle o he i s ime ha in Vilnius he e is a s ee named a e
kazlauskas. sabaliauskas men ions he e he book Bal is ikos ąžuolas. Jono Kazlaus-
ko gy enimas i da bai („ he oak o bal ic s udies: he li e and wo k o jonas
kaz laus kas“) published by he uni e si y o Vilnius and he bi š onas’ Municipal-
i y. his la e book has many in e es ing a icles, al hough one migh disag ee
wi h aleksas gi denis’ and albe as osinas’ ph ase (p. 29): Gal pe aklai sekdamas
Romanu Jakobsonu, Kazlauskas manė, kad bal ų p iegaidės kon as a o kaip aukš as
i žemas onas... („Pe haps oo blindly ollowing jakobson, kazlauskas hough
ha he bal ic in ona ions con as ed as high and low ones...“) i can’ imagine
ha kazlauskas would ha e ollowed anybody blindly.
a sec ion en i led Žymesnieji y inė ojai („ he be e -known in es iga o s“) (p. 74–
355) has in o ma ion abou 73 well-known schola s wo king in Li huania. among he
be e known schola s is gied ius subačius who has p oduced good wo k in many
linguis ic ields, bu in he uni ed s a es p obably bes known o his wo k on he
Li huanian aspec s o he amous ame ican no el The Jungle by up on sinclai .
he ollowing sec ion en i led Ki i y inėjimai („o he in es iga ions“) (p. 356–
394) is di ided up in o Lie u ių kalbos is o ija („his o y o he Li huanian language“)
(p. 356–374), Daba inė kalba („ he con empo a y language“) (p. 375–387), G e-
inamoji kalbo y a („con as i e analysis o languages“) (p. 387–390), Pe iodiniai
leidiniai. Bibliog a ija. Enciklopediniai leidiniai (Pe iodical publica ions. bibliog apy.
encyclopedia publica ions“) (p. 391–394).
algi das sabaliauskas
Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: 1980–2010 m.
157 ecenzijos / e iews
he publica ions abou he his o y o he Li huanian language a e mainly hose
o younge pe sons, whose names we e no included in he a o emen ioned biog-
aphies. he e a e men ioned, e. g., ona alekna ičienė’s wo ks on jonas b e kūnas’
Pos ilė, Vi ginija Vasiliauskienė’s wo ks on he placemen o he geni i e a ibu e
in old Li huanian, e c. sabaliauskas w i es ha in ecen decades he mos impo -
an wo k de o ed o he p oblems o he no maliza ion o Li huanian is i a
Miliūnai ė’s Lie u ių kalbos g ama ikos no minimo pag indai (Vilnius, 2003). Mos
o he wo k in con as i e linguis ics is conce ned wi h Li huanian and english,
al hough some is di ec ed o ge man and ussian. among he ou s anding special-
is s in english a e Lionginas Pažūsis and albe as s epona ičius o whose pe ec
command o english i can pe sonally es i y.
he e is a b ie desc ip ion o he jou nal Bal is ica wi h he edi o s jonas kaz-
lauskas (1965–1970), Vy au as Mažiulis (1970–1996) and boni acas s undžia (1996–
p esen ). also men ioned a e (p. 391) Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai he name o
which was changed o Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica in 1999 and which is published
(unde he edi o ship o he excellen mode n syn ac ician axel hol oe ; g asilda
blažienė om 2010) by he Li huanian Language ins i u e. also men ioned is A -
chi um Li huanicum de o ed p ima ily o p oblems o old Li huanian w i ings (p. 393).
in 1999 he Lie u ių kalbos enciklopedija he goal o which was o be a gene alizing
wo k no only abou Li huanian, bu also abou bal ic linguis ics, was published by
he Mokslo i enciklopedijų ins i u as.
P. 397 o 728 a e de o ed o he in es iga ion o bal ic languages in o eign
coun ies. his begins wi h a s udy o he ac i i ies o emig é Li huanians du ing
so ie imes. Mos o hese ended up in he uni ed s a es whe e i knew hem
ei he e y well o h ough mee ings and co espondence.
sabaliauskas begins his wi h a ew pages abou P anas ska džius who was ex-
ao dina ily p oduc i e e en hough he ne e had an academic appoin men in
he uni ed s a es. al hough i ha e no di ec knowledge o his, i was old by
iends ha ska džius had indeed ecei ed an o e o employmen om al ed
senn o come o he uni e si y o Pennsyl ania, bu ha ska džius e used appa -
en ly because o some ea lie dispu e wi h senn in Li huania.
o me i was mos in e es ing o ead de ails abou he li e o my p o esso
an anas salys in eu ope p io o his a i al in he uni ed s a es. o example, i
had no known ha a ijos agana el deeply insul ed when i was sugges ed ha
he hen young s uden salys co ec he language o he ansla ion (p. 411). a
he uni e si y o Pennsyl ania unde he u elage o salys i made my i s acquain-
ance wi h a bal ic language, iz. in 1951 du ing he second semes e o my i s
yea o g adua e school i began he s udy o old P ussian using he ex -book
p epa ed by jānis endzelīns, Al p eussische G amma ik .
158
wiLLiaM . schMaLs ieg
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
in his discussion o Leona das damb iūnas (p. 429–435) sabaliauskas men ions
damb iūnas’, an anas klimas’, and my join ly au ho ed An In oduc ion o Mode n
Li huanian. a cu ious ac is ha pe sonally i only me damb iūnas in pe son a e
ou join en u e was published. ou collabo a ion was ca ied ou en i ely by u. s.
mail (be o e he days o he in e ne ). he book was p in ed by he anciscan
a he s in b ooklyn, new yo k, and only wi h he help o a gene ous inancial g an
om . e . Msg . j. a. ka alius. none o us au ho s expec ed he book o be so
popula and none o us expec ed any inancial emune a ion. we we e jus happy
ha he anciscan a he s would publish he book. and i only lea ned by chance
ha he book had been ep in ed by he hype ion P ess. on looking a he in e -
ne one day i saw my name as he co-au ho o a book on Li huanian g amma . i
was na u ally in e es ed o lea n he name o his book which i hadn’ hea d o
be o e and a u he sea ch e ealed o me ha he i le was Beginne ’s Li hua-
nian. nei he o us su i ing au ho s, klimas o mysel ha e any idea as o he
numbe o olumes inally sold. sabaliauskas gi es a nice desc ip ion o klimas’
many con ibu ions o bal ic s udies pa icula ly as long ime edi o o Li uanus.
he in es iga ion o he Li huanian language in o eign coun ies is he opic
o he las pa o he book (p. 463–728). he i s coun y s udied is, pe haps
na u ally, La ia and he i s pe son o be s udied was einis be ulis who w o e
his disse a ion unde he di ec ion o Vincas u bu is on he seman ic ela ionships
o La ian and Li huanian nouns. i emembe be ulis as a pleasan pe son who
showed me he sigh s o iga many yea s ago. ano he impo an La ian linguis
is Pē e is Vanags (p. 468–471) who has dis inguished himsel in a numbe o
b anches o bal ic mo phology. as he edi o o he jou nal Bal u iloloģija since
1996 he has ans o med he pe iodical in o an in e na ionally ecognized jou nal
o bal ic linguis ics.
he i s pe son s udied in he sec ion on ussia (p. 482–535) is Vladimi opo-
o , whom sabaliauskas cha ac e izes (absolu ely co ec ly in my opinion) as a schol-
a o ex ao dina ily b oad in e es s. his publica ions ange om sla ic li e a u e (e.
g., Стрaнный Tургенев („ he s ange u gene “) o classics, e. g., Эней – человек
судьбы („aeneas – man o des iny“) o sansk i Древне-индийская драма шудраки
глиняная повозка („ he old indic d ama o shud aka, he li le clay ca “). o his
many achie emen s in he bal ic ield opo o ’s old P ussian dic iona y, al hough
eg e ably ne e comple ed is p obably he mos impo an . sabaliauskas poin s ou
ha opo o (p. 487) had connec ed he name o dos oe sky’s he o o The Double,
iz. голядкин wi h he name o he bal ic people galindai. i mus con ess ha i
lea ned abou his connec ion o he i s ime he e.
sabaliauskas con inues wi h a desc ip ion o opo o ’s iend and collabo a o ,
Vjachesla i ano , also a b illian schola o wide in e es s and o iginali y. saba-
algi das sabaliauskas
Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: 1980–2010 m.
159 ecenzijos / e iews
liauskas men ions ha i ano had wo ked a he uni e si y o Moscow be ween
1954 and 1958, bu had been i ed om he uni e si y because o inapp op ia e
poli ical and social iews. i pe sonally emembe ha in he sp ing o 1973 i ano
showed me his inc edible ( o an ame ican) documen , some de ails o which i
emembe o his day. in his documen i ano was accused o accep ing wes e n
s uc u al linguis ics a a con e ence in no way, e using o sign a documen con-
demning bo is Pas e nak’s Dok o Zhi ago and a anging a mee ing be ween oman
jakobson and bo is Pas e nak a Pe edelkino. i hink i would be o g ea in e es
o he his o y o linguis ics o i ano o allow his documen o be published.
o he impo an ussian con ibu o s o bal ic s udies include oleg ubačë
(p. 504), known p ima ily o his wo k on he hyd onyms o he dnep basin;
a jana bulygina (p. 509), ju ij s epano (p. 510), known among o he hings o
hei join ly au ho ed Theo y o G amma and G amma ical Theo y, ju ij o kupščiko ,
who in addi ion o a emp ing o deciphe he Phais os disk, did a g ea deal in
he ield o bal ic and sla ic ela ionships (p. 513); Vladimi dybo, a b illian
specialis in bal o-sla ic accen ology (p. 518); alexande anikin, an excellen
specialis in indo-eu opean seman ic s udies (p. 521), aleksej and ono , known
p ima ily o he join publica ion (wi h Lidija Leikuma) o Sibe ian La ian Songs;
(p. 524), Ma ija Za jalo a, among o he hings au ho o an a icle abou P ospe
Me imee’s sho s o y Lokis (lokys) („ he bea “) (p. 529).
he only mode n uk ainian schola in he bal ic ield was he now sadly de-
ceased ana olij nepokupnyj (p. 531), whom i me o he i s ime a he 2nd
all-union cong ess o bal is s in Vilnius in 1970. My e iew o his book A eal’nye
Aspek y Bal o-Sla janskix Jazyko yx O no enij (kie , 1964) had appea ed in Vol.
xi (1968) o he In e na ional Jou nal o Sla ic Linguis ics and Poe ics (p. 173–176)
and he had appa en ly liked i . i was imp essed ha he had memo ized a ew lines
which he epea ed o me in english (al hough o he mos pa hen and a u u e
mee ings we communica ed wi h each o he in Li huanian). La e a he Collo-
quium P u henicum Secundum o ganized by wojciech smoczyski i had occasion
o si nex o nepokupnyj who, a ha ime, sugges ed o me ha i upda e my
book S udies in Old P ussian: A C i ical Re iew o he Rele an Li e a u e in he Field
since 1945 (uni e si y Pa k & London, 1976). nepokupnyj dis inguished himsel
as an excellen specialis in e ymology. i pe sonally am no able o judge he qual-
i y o uk ainian poe y, bu acco ding o he opinion o hose who can nepokup-
nyj was a good poe also (p. 531).
sabaliauskas begins he sec ion on Poland wi h wojciech smoczyski who is
cha ac e ized as he mos ac i e Polish bal icis . i would ce ainly ag ee wi h his
and also cha ac e ize him as one o he mos o iginal and inno a i e specialis s in
he bal ic ield, e en hough i migh o en disag ee wi h him. in ecen yea s he
160
wiLLiaM . schMaLs ieg
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVIII
has applied he la yngeal heo y o a numbe o bal ic and sla ic phenomena. in
my you h i was a ac ed o his heo y and in ac my e y i s published a icle,
„ he Phoneme / / in sla ic Ve bal su ixes“, Wo d, 12, 1956 [12. 255–259] was
an a emp o explain he - - in he sla ic su ix - a i as de i ing om he hi d
(labialized) la yngeal *Hw as p oposed by andé Ma ine in his a icle „non-apo-
phonic o-Vocalism in indo-eu open“, Wo d, 1953 [9.254]. un o una ely wi h old
age comes he skep icism conce ning one’s you h ul belie s. in ac i emembe ha
a e i had explained he la yngeal heo y o a class one o my s uden s said he
hough he indo-eu opean la yngeal heo y had he a ibu es o a deus ex machi-
na. in any case i hink ha bo h smoczyski and his compa io wi old Maczak,
al hough hey ha e comple ely di e en iews, a e o be admi ed o hei o iginal-
i y o hough and in many cases e usal o go along wi h he p e ailing pa a-
digm. sabaliauskas also men ions he con ibu ions o Leszek bedna czuk (p. 546–
548), Michał kond a iuk, Michał hasiuk, czesław kudzinowki, oman and da-
nu a oszko, no be os owski, and k zysz o omasz wi czak. among he im-
po an czech au ho s men ioned a e adol e ha , au ho o impo an con ibu ions
on he indo-eu opean e bal sys em (p. 562) and Václa blažek, au ho o impo -
an con ibu ions o bal ic lexicog aphy. sabaliauskas also men ions he amous jiří
Ma an, who has held academic posi ions on a leas h ee con inen s. his las
academic appoin men in no h ame ica was a ou Pennsyl ania s a e uni e si-
y. un o una ely when he Monash uni e si y in Melbou ne, aus alia o e ed him
a posi ion, ou academic adminis a ion could no ind enough money in he bud-
ge o keep Ma an (p. 564) he e a Penn sa e. he mos impo an bulga ian
specialis occupying himsel wi h bal ic linguis ics was undoub edly i an du idano ,
au ho o Die Beziehungen des Bal ischen zu den al en Balkansp achen – Indoge manisch,
Slawisch und Bal isch (Munich, 1992). he mos impo an hunga ian con ibu o
o bal ic s udies is end e boj á u, au ho o he book Fo ewo d o he Pas . A Cul-
u al His o y o he Bal ic People (budapes , 1999) (p. 571).
sabaliauskas begins his chap e on ge man bal icis s wi h aine ecke who
began his p o essional ca ee a he linguis ic di ision o he academy o sciences
o he ge man democ a ic epublic. when he la e o ganiza ions collapsed ecke
mo ed his scien i ic endea o s o he e ns Mo i z a nd uni e si y in g ei swald
(p. 572) whe e he was employed un il his e i emen in 1996. ecke is a wide-
anging schola ha ing published impo an a icles on he i-s em nouns o bal ic
ph aseology. he nex au ho men ioned is ge ud bense, who is in e es ed p ima -
ily in he his o y o Li huanian w i ing in Li huania Mino (p. 582). one o he bes
specialis s in eu opean hyd onomy was wol gang Paul schmid (p. 583) o he uni-
e si y o gö ingen. in 1970 he and i we e he only pa icipan s om non-com-
munis coun ies a he second all-union cong ess on bal ic Linguis ics in Vil-
algi das sabaliauskas
Lie u ių kalbos y inėjimo is o ija: 1980–2010 m.
161 ecenzijos / e iews
nius. we had had some schola ly disag eemen s and when jonas kazlauskas me me
a he Vilnius ai po i men ioned his o him. kazlauskas said ha he was awa e o
he disag eemen , bu no o wo y because schmid was, in kazlauskas’ wo ds a labai
linksmas žmogus. i ound kazlauskas’ desc ip ion comple ely accu a e and nei he o
us o eign schola s e e men ioned ou disag eemen o each o he .
i had he good o une o spend he academic yea 1978–1979 a he uni e -
si y o eibu g (i. b .) he same academic ins i u ion whe e an impo an and
c ea i e bal icis , iz. al ed bammesbe ge (p. 588) was wo king a ha ime,
al hough somewha la e he mo ed o eichs ä . bammesbe ge is also an ou s and-
ing specialis in english (who by he way speaks pe ec english, as i can a es )
and has sugges ed a connec ion be ween Li huanian (jie) y a and english a e.
acco ding o sabaliauskas (p. 591), ied ich scholz is an excep ionally b oad-
anging schola who has p oduced many aluable publica ions abou es onian,
La ian, Li huanian and ussian li e a u e in addi ion (along wi h his s uden jochen
d. ange) o p oducing au ho i a i e edi ions o b e kūnas’ bible ansla ions.
sabaliauskas also men ions many o he ge man schola s who ha e con ibu ed o
bal ic s udies.
P obably he mos p oduc i e con empo a y innish bal icis is ka i Liukkonen,
who d aws many comple ely c edible pa allels be ween he bal ic languages and he
innic languages. he only ques ion, s ill unsol ed in my iew, is whe he hese
a e bo owed esemblances o whe he hey e lec a common inno-ug ic and
indo-eu opean inhe i ance (p. 616). he es onian linguis Lembi Vaba has wo ked
ex ensi ely on La ian bo owings in es onian (p. 622). he swedish schola , La s
gunna La sson o he uni e si y o uppsala has wo ked ex ensi ely on bal ic bo -
owings in bal ic innic languages and o bjö n k. nilsson has also shown consid-
e able in e es in he ela ionships o he bal ic and innic languages.
he ecen ly sadly deceased (janua y 9, 1999) e je Ma hiassen p obably oc-
cupies i s place among he con empo a y no wegian linguis s. in addi ion o
impo an heo e ical publica ions he is known o his pedagogical wo ks A Sho
G amma o Li huanian (columbus, ohio, 1996) and A Sho G amma o La ian
(columbus, ohio, 1997). his excellen ex -book Old P ussian (oslo, 2010) was
published pos -humously hanks o he help o he edi o john ole askedal, he
wi e o he deceased au ho ann-Ma ie Ma hiassen, Pe e Loche and o he s (p.
631). P obably he nex mos impo an no wegian bal icis is helge dag inn
inholm, who s udied a indiana uni e si y in he uni ed s a es, whe e he p e-
sen ed his disse a ion Towa d he Seman ic Fea u es o Li huanian P eposi ions and
P e e bs: An In a ian Componen Analysis (indiana uni e si y, 1980). in ecen
imes denma k (p. 634) has u nished bal ic s udies wi h he wo schola s jens
elmegå d asmussen and homas olande , bo h o whom ha e made con ibu ions
