201s aipsniai / a icles
hans-ha y d Ößige
uni e si ä Vilnius,
Facul y o Humani ies o Kaunas Mokslinių y imų k yp ys:
cogni i e linguis ics, me apho s, me onymy, e imo heo y
and p ac ice. This is he i s ime ha he Facul y o Humani ies o Kaunas has been awa ded he p ize.
Fo he handling o
Ge man eal lo e
d awings in he ins
Li huanian ansla ions
Child en's household pe s
de b Üde g iMM
Vokiškų ealijų pa adinimų a i ikmenys
b olio g imų Vaikų i namų pasakų e imuose į lie u ių kalbą anno a ion o he con ibu ion
deals wi h he ole o concep ual me onymy in he deno a i e equi alence o Ge man eal names
in Li huanian. I is hus an a emp a an in e disciplina y combina ion o ansla ion knowledge
and cogni i e linguis ics. The subjec o he in es iga ion a e he child en's and house ai y
ales o he G imm b o he s, which wi h hei 200 ai y ales o m a closed co pus o
in es iga ion and a e ega ded as ex s o he 19 h cen u y. a sou ce o social and cul u al
his o ical esea ch. The main me hod o examining equi alence is language compa ison, based
on he lexicog aphic codi ica ion o eal names in Ge man and Li huanian dic iona ies. In he
sec ion " heo e ical ounda ions", he concep s o ai y ales, cul u e, eali y, eal names,
me onymy and he sys em o equi alence ypes acco ding o We ne Kolle (2011) a e b ie ly
explained. In he sec ion "Real names in he khM: be ween equi alence and me onymy" he
handling o he Ge man eal names in he Li huanian schLÜsseLWÖ e is discussed: ai y ales,
b o he s g im, eal names, con igui y, me onymy, equi alence, Ge man language, Li huanian
language. Keywo ds: ai y ale, he b o he s g imm, cul u e-bound wo ds, con igui y,
me onymy, equi alence, Ge man language, Li huanian language.
202 ac a
hans-ha y d Ößige
Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
T ansla ions o ai y ales a e examined. om he compa ison o o iginal and ansla ions,
den d ei Äqui alenz ypen he ausgea bei e : 1. Volls ändige Äqui alenz, bei de die Me onymie
keine olle spiel ; 2. Äqui alenz, bei de es konzep uelle Ve schiebungen im kon igui ä s aum
which p esen hemsel es as me onymic shi , me onymic dis o ion and me onymic dis o ion;
3. null equi alence, he main ea u e o which is he inco po a ion o o eign wo ds.
schluss olge ungen, in denen au neue un e suchungsmöglichkei en zu Äqui alenz und
zu konzep uellen Me onymie hingewiesen wi d, schließen den bei ag ab.
anno a ion
he aim o he a icle is o connec he model o cogni i e me onymy wi h he model o ypes o
deno a i e equi alence on wo d le el o check ou he explana o y po en ial o he model o
cogni i e me onymy o desc ibing and explaining he use and occu ence o wo d equi alen s in
he Li huanian ansla ions o he ai y ales o he b o he s G imm by juozas balčikonis
(1938-1939) and adomas d uk enis (1999-2001). The B o he s G imm Fai y Tales (GFT) can be seen in a
b oad sense as a sou ce o he his o y o cul u e and social li e in he Ge man-speaking coun ies
o he 19 h cen u y. cul u e-bound wo ds a) e e o a special cul u al knowledge, which is in a
his o ical sense no o no comple ely compa ible wi h he s uc u e o knowledge in ou p esen
days, and he ansla ions o he g p esen ways o handling Ge man cul u e-bound wo ds o
b) e e o a common cul u al knowledge o he communi y o ge man speaking coun ies.
o eign eade s. In his a icle I wan o show i and how he ansla o s achie ed a co ec and
app op ia e unde s anding o he cul u e-bound wo ds by choosing equi alen s. This allows us o
show wha seman ic and cogni i e p ocedu es a e behind he use o ce ain equi alen s. by
compa ing he Ge man o iginal wi h he wo Li huanian ansla ions i is possible o wo k ou i
and how he cul u e-bound wo ds o he o iginal ex s a e ende ed in he ansla ions, and
inally o induc i ely conclude how a he concep ual me onymy akes pa in ende ing
cul u e-bound wo ds in he a ge ex s. in es iga ing his, he e can be es ablished
modi ieinLei ung: ZieL, objec o s udy and me hods o he con ibu ion he aim o his
ca ions in he heo y o concep ual me onymy in he amewo k o cogni i e linguis ics.
con ibu ion is o es ablish ela ionships wi h he model o deno a i e equi alen ypes acco ding
o We ne Kolle (2011) wi h he help o conside a ions on concep ual me onymy and he eby o
examine he ex en o which he po en ial o concep ual me onymy is sui able o he handling o
Ge man eb ands in he Li huanian ansla ions o child en
Zu handhabung deu sche ealienbe zeichnungen
in den ins Li auische übe se z en Kinde - und Hausmä chen
de b üde g imm
203s aipsniai a icles house ai y ales o he b o he s g imm o be applied by juozas balčikonis
and adomas p anas d uk enis. The body o he s udy is he ai y ale collec ion o he B o he s
G imm, which has become known wo ldwide unde he i le Child en's and House Fai y Tales (khM).
Since i s i s publica ion in 1812, his collec ion has unde gone se e al edi ions and edi ions, some
o hem signi ican ly e ised. I con ains he 200 canonized ai y ales. I ollows ha he khM
o m a closed co pus, which is ad an ageous o he in ended in es iga ions, since he con en
in meinen un e suchungen s ü ze ich mich au die Ausgabe le z e Hand mi den
O iginalanme kungen de B üde G imm on 1857, in eine neuau lage on 2010,
quali y (in he sense o a cul u al-his o ical and social-his o ical sou ce) and he linguis ic design
o he ai y ales a e closely bound o he pe iod o hei collec ion, w i en ixa ion and p in ing
(1812-1857). he wo Li huanian ansla ions a e based on he las -hand edi ion, bu he e a e
ch onological and edi o ial di e ences. The ansla ion o balčikonis was made in 1938-1939, he
ansla ion o d uk enis in 1999-2001. in he edi ion o he ansla ion o balčikonis (2010) 20 ai y
ales a e missing1; he edi ion o he ansla ion o d uk enis (1999[…]2001) is comple e. The
endency owa ds he eal e ms in he khM is due o he ac ha hese special lexical uni s a)
e e o cul u al knowledge which, in he his o ical sense, is no longe compa ible wi h he
knowledge s uc u es o he p esen ; and b) e e o he gene al cul u al knowledge o he
Ge man language and cul u al communi y. he Li huanian equi alen s used in he ansla ions
in luence he a ailabili y o ha spa ially and empo ally o eign cul u al knowledge o Li huanian
eade s. In gene al, he handling o eal e ms in ansla ion is linked o he p oblem o
lexical-seman ic equi alence be ween wo languages. In o de o achie e his objec i e, he model
o he equi alence ypes acco ding o Kolle is o be checked deduc i ely by wo d analysis in he
unde lying ai y ale ex s. The ocabula y ha names cul u al objec s in he ai y ale ac s is
de e mined om he ex co pus, whe eas as a basis o deciding whe he hese a e eal names,
in addi ion o he cu en and his o ical dic iona ies o he 39 h cen u y, especially he
onomasiological dic iona y o F anz Do n. The second ai y ale, 39.3 The Wi ches. hi d ai y ale,
41 […]he ko bes[…], 42 […]de he ge a e […], 43 […] au ude[…], 45 […]daume lings
wande scha […], 66 […]häsichenb au […], 95 […]de al e hildeb and[…], 105 […]Mä chen on de
unke[…], 131 […]die schöne ka inne und Pi Pol ie[…], 132 […]de uchs und das P e d[…], 138 […]knois
und seine d ei[…], 139 […]das Mädchen on b akel[…], 140 […]das Hausgesinde, 149 […]de nenbalken[…], 170
[…]die al e bel […], […]Lo e and he pa , […] he h ee, […] he iese and he schneide , 190 […] he
h ee, […] he h ee on he able.
204 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX Li huanian ansla ions can ul ima ely be wo ked
hans-ha y d Ößige
ou whe he and how he eal names gi en in he o iginal we e ep oduced wi h hei
sei zu es s ellung de sach e hal ssys ema ik zu um ang und inhal des kul u el-
len Wissens dien 2. du ch den ex e gleich on deu schem o iginal mi den beiden
cul u al e e ence in he ansla ions, so ha an induc i e conclusion can be d awn as
o he ex en o which concep ual me onymy is in ol ed in he handling o he eal
names in ansla ions. This ul ima ely opens up possibili ies o modi ying cogni i e
linguis ic app oaches o concep ual me onymy.
heo e ical ounda ions
The ai y ale is conside ed an epic gen e and is cha ac e ized as a an as ic, eali y- illed,
a iable na a i e, which can be dis inguished om he my h by he lack o he di ine sphe e and
om he saga by he lack o conc e e his o ical and geog aphical e e ences. The main
cha ac e is ics o he ai y ale a e gene ally called space and imelessness, he aboli ion o
he laws o na u e and causali y as a ma e o cou se (e.g. ans o ma ions, alking animals,
plan s o objec s) and he appea ance o able c ea u es such as gian s, dwa es, wi ches,
d agons (see Me zle Li e a y Lexicon 1990: 292). Ne e heless, ce ain equisi es appea in ai y
ales, which can o en be an essen ial pa o he plo o he ai y ale, bu which in any case a e
objec s o he cul u e con eyed by he ai y ale (e e yday, s a e-social, cou ly cul u e, e c.)
and hus ep esen an indica ion o his o ical au hen ici y. I we ollow he iew o ai y ales
as cul u al and social his o ical sou ces (see Me zle 's Li e a y Lexicon 1990: 293), he khM can be
used p ecisely by he appea ance o hose equisi es o he elabo a ion o ideas abou he
p e ious his o ical epochs, which can be desc ibed as he Middle Ages. Wha is called equisi es
he e a e hose his o ical cul u al objec s ha a e e e ed o by special eal names. Howe e ,
i is also clea ha he khM a e pa o he gene al li e a y-language he i age o he Ge man
language and cul u al communi y and ha his makes many lexical uni s e e o he gene al
cul u al backg ound as mo e gene al eal e ms. 2 acco ding o he sys ema ics o anz
do nsei (2004) he subjec g oups a e 2 […]li e[…], 4 […]size, quan i y, numbe […], 8 […]place and
change o place[…], 11 […] hinking[…], 14 […]a and cul u e[…], inance[…], 21 […] igh , e hics[…], 22
[…] eligion, supe na u al[…].
15 „Zusammenleben“, 16 „essen und inken“, 18 „gesellscha “, 19 „ge ä e, echnik“, 20 „Wi scha ,
Zu handhabung deu sche ealienbe zeichnungen
in den ins Li auische übe se z en Kinde - und Hausmä chen
de b üde g imm
205s aipsniai a icles by
2. cul u al, eal, eal designa ions ha ed- e e sal, which uses he newe , expanded concep o
cul u e by Hansen3, desc ibes he concep o cul u e as ollows: i goes beyond poli ical-social
ac o s and includes a i udes and o ien a ions o social en i onmen s as well as hei
cons uc i e cha ac e . Cul u al o ien a ions a e no only ecep i ely 'implemen ed' by social
g oups, bu also ac i ely changed and adi ioned. (haß-Zumkeh 2001: 2) ca agnoli simila ly
es ima es ha language can be unde s ood bo h as a p oduc o a cul u e and as a mi o and
medium o cul u al ideas; and cul u e include all pa e ns o beha iou and alues as well as
expe iences (c . ca agnoli 2005: 79 .). This "inclusion" o "inclusion" e e s o he so-called
Backg ound knowledge, which is essen ial o he de elopmen o a language and cul u al
communi y. Thus, knowledge wi hou cul u e is un hinkable. and knowledge ans e h ough
language, e.g. in ansla ion, is in p inciple always also a ans e o cul u e4. Cul u e is a
mul i-laye ed sys em o meaning ul signs ha se e o na iga e he wo ld in ques ion. This
o ien a ion in ol es bo h he undamen al alues o exis ence and he mo e e e yday and
p ac ical con en ions. (Haß-Zumkeh 2001: 15) This means: 1. cul u e gi es o ien a ion […] in a
cul u e you ha e o o ien you sel . 2. cul u al knowledge is con en ionalized and codi ied in a
ce ain o m in a language and cul u al communi y. 3. cul u e as a space o knowledge has s able
and in e p e able componen s (c . haß-Zumkeh 2001: 16 .). a p ope ansla ion o cul u al
backg ound knowledge can be achie ed in a ious ways, e.g. h ough de ini ions o a ious kinds in
ex s (also in echnical ex s), in bilingual and mul ilingual ocabula ies and encyclopedias and in
ansla ion h ough he use o codi ied equi alen s o , in hei absence, h ough p ocedu es o
he c ea ion o equi alen s. Based on his b oad concep o cul u e, i is possible o unde s and
no only objec s, he ac ions o pe sons, he cha ac e is ics o objec s, pe sons and ac ions,
bu also mo al, aes he ic, olun a y and u ili a ian concep s as pa o a cul u e. Such a b oade
concep o cul u e hen logically leads o a b oade unde s anding o he concep o eal. I you
look a he gene al de ini ion o eal 3 bibliog aphical e e ences o hansen s. ha ed e e sal
(2001). 4 do nsei (1964: 305 .) called his "cul u al ansmission", in he sense o a "pleasan
en ichmen in he s ock o concep s" o a a ge language.

206
hans-ha y d Ößige
ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
als kul u spezi ische gegens ände und handlungen ( gl. no d 1993: 224) sowie
As a ca ie o he iden i y o a na ional o e hnic cul u e in he b oades sense (see Snell-ho nby e al.
1999: 288), i becomes clea a i s ha he eal pe se and de ac o belong o he knowledge base o a
language and cul u al communi y, can be de ined wi hin his knowledge base and a e always
communica i ely a ailable he e, so hey can be e e ed o and ecu sed wi h app op ia e designa ions.
This […] occasionally also exclusi e […] belonging o a language and cul u al communi y makes eali ies and
hei designa ions a speci ic ansla ion o (mo e gene ally) a language media ion p oblem. […] nungen, o
make an […]explana o y ansla ion[…] in o de o be able o gi e hin s o he […]cul u al embedding[…] in
he sou ce language (see No d 1993: 226). Howe e , o mula ed in a cogni i e linguis ic way, i is abou
(d ößige 2010: 36 .)
no d emp iehl ü den all de no wendigkei des umgangs mi ealienbezeich-
making he cul u al knowledge o one language and cul u al communi y o ano he men ally a ailable and
he eby linguis ically communicable, wi hou wan ing o sus ainably modi y he cul u al knowledge
sys em o he a ge language and cul u e. In he case o khM, i conce ns he wo ypes o cul u al
knowledge. Rega dless o a ious classi ica ion models o eali ies and hei designa ions, due o he
simple na a i e s uc u e o ai y ales (see Kindle 's New Li e a y Lexicon 1996: 916) i is possible o
wo k ou induc i ely ce ain ca ego ies o eali ies ha co espond o he componen s o na a i e in
ai y ales. These componen s a e pe sons, place o ac ion, ime o ac ion, cou se o ac ion, equisi es
o pe sons, places and ac ions. The e m ' eal' is an a emp o uni e linguis ic and ansla ion s udies on
his phenomenon. So expe ienced and expe ienced eal names among o he s he ollowing e minological
concep s: […] o eign wo ds[…] (h. Paul, W. Schmid ), […]Lehngu […] (W. Schmid ), […]exo ism o designa ion[…]
( . schippan, h. glück), […]land- ype eal names[…] (W. leische ), […]exo imen[…] (ch. öme b. Ma zke), […] eal
name eb anding[…] (e iesel, ch. no d).6 The e minus o eal name should be in an o e a ching,
non-bego en e m. 6 Fo de ailed explana ions o he concep o eal e ms and he speci ic sou ces, I
e e o D ößige (2010: 36[…]52), whe e I ha e p esen ed he iews o a ious disciplines o linguis ics and
ansla ion science.
5 eines de Modelle wä e das on Влахов/Флорин (s. 2009: 49–72), au das abe hie aus Pla zg ünden
wie sie ü das deu sche in ges al on sys ema ischen Wö e büche n, z. b. on do nsei De deu sche
Wo scha z nach Sachg uppen, en wickel wu den.
Zu handhabung deu sche ealienbe zeichnungen
in den ins Li auische übe se z en Kinde - und Hausmä chen
de b üde g imm
207s aipsniai a icles gene al eading can be used wi hou b inging in o play he
c i e ion o "s angeness", which is e y o en used in lexicology and s ylis ics as
a ep esen a ion c i e ion, because his makes i possible o connec wi h
genealogical linguis ics, which is he commonali y be ween he ideas. I emphasises
language and cul u al communi ies mo e han he di e ences be ween hem.
Equi alence ypes and me onymy The sys ema ics o deno a i e equi alence ypes
acco ding o Kolle (see 2011: 230[…]243) is based on he equi alence ela ionships
be ween he lexemes o wo spellings. A ce ain analogy be ween he ypes o
chen ( gl. kolle 2011: 230), so dass die anwendung diese sys ema ik au die
equi alence acco ding o Kolle and he concep s o me onymy (see D ösige 2004:
30) leads o he conclusion ha he po en ial o me onymy (con igui y space) in he
sea ch o equi alen s o ce ain designa ions o he sou ce language (as) can be
applied in a a ge language (Zs). The ollowing o e iew illus a es he in ended
analogy: Equi alence ypes and me onymy (sou ce: au ho o he pos ) one- o-one
co espondence no me onymy possible o necessa y, as as and Zs ha e
seman ically equi alen designa ions; This also includes conno a i e and p agma ic
equi alence, e.g. d . I 's called a mons e .
Äqui alenz yp (nach kolle ) Me onymie ypen / Ve schiebungen im kon igui ä s aum
7
One- o-many co espondence in he Zs uses di e en lexemes o a gi en con igui y
space, o which he e is a polysemes lexeme in he as, e.g. d . I'm no su e ha 's
he case.
(g undbedeu ung in opposi ion zu „Mann“), žmona
(ehe au, e hei a e e au), šeimininkė (haus au, gas -
gebe in), ponia (an ede).
Mul iple- o-one co espondence Se e al lexemes o he as ep esen an exce p o a
con igui y space, whe e in he Zs a hype onymic lexeme is used, e.g. d . A oom, a oom,
a oom.
7 all he examples gi en om he khM (Ge man o iginal and Li huanian ansla ions).
208 ac a
hans-ha y d Ößige
Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
Äqui alenz yp (nach kolle ) Me onymie ypen / Ve schiebungen im kon igui ä s aum
One- o-null equi alence o a lexeme o as does no exis in Zs, whe eas in Zs he
meaning o he as-lexeme can be e e ed o using o he naming schemes, e.g.
d . I 's a hell o a i e. I 's a hell o a i e. In such cases, o example, a
me onymic ela ion o he ype U s a c h e - Wi k U n g can be obse ed.
In he ZS, a lexeme is used as an equi alen , which e e s only o a pa o
he meaning o he lexeme, which usually co esponds o he me onymic
ela ion ga n z e s - e i l.
D. and D. Kelle , please. I 's called pog indis.
he uniqueness o ce ain eali ies and hei designa ions wi hin a language and cul u al
communi y o en o ces he ansla o o look o p ocedu es o deal wi h he
Ge man eali ies in a way ha is app op ia e and app op ia e o he add essee (see
D ößige 2011: 7 .; D ößige 2012: 8 .). This also applies o he possibili ies o e ed by
me onymy, because he abo e indi idual p ocedu es do no allow heo e ically o depic
all he me onymic ypes ac ually p ac iced in he ansla ed ex s. The eason o his
lies in he na u e o me onymy, since me onymy ( esp. con igui y) is also a p ocess ha
allows speake s and w i e s o modi y he gi en knowledge in a c ea i e way. (d ößige
2007: 175) Some imes he ansla o goes oo a , i.e. he shi in he con igui y space is
pushed oo a , so ha he balance o objec i i y and add essee jus ice is dis u bed,
which leads o he ac ha "shi " can no longe be spoken o in he usual sense (see
sec ion on me onymic dis o ion).
Be ween ÄQuiVaLenZ and Me onyMie he knowledge abou he basics o e e yday
li e in social communi ies, abou he cul u al, economic, spi i ual and social
po en ial o na u e, abou he mas e y o exis ence in he o m o wo k and he
spi i ual i.e. VoLLÄsobs ändige ÄQuiVaLenZ […] no Me onyMie i is shown in he
ansla ions o he khM in o Li huanian compa ed o he o iginal ha in hese wo
Ge man language wo ds o he designa ion o hose cul u al e e yday objec s
Zu handhabung deu sche ealienbe zeichnungen
in den ins Li auische übe se z en Kinde - und Hausmä chen
de b üde g imm
Al hough ac ions a e exp essed in language-speci ic lexical uni s, hey ep esen a
common knowledge o la ge geog aphical a eas, so ha using he abo e b oad
cul u al concep i can be pos ula ed ha each idea. The language and cul u al
communi y has de eloped i s own ocabula y o he designa ion o he gene al
componen s o he cul u al backg ound.
a e a ailable. I is no ha each language has i s own ocabula y and, depending on
he mo phological cha ac e is ics o he espec i e language, has de eloped i s
own basic wo ds. The consequence o his is ha he e a e comple ely equi alen
lexemes in hese languages, he use o which in ansla ions poses no p oblems, as
hey a e bo h app op ia e and add essable.
Table wo. Comple ely equi alen eal names (sou ce: au ho o he con ibu ion)
Ge man Li huanian Ge man Li huanian
Axe o he Ki is needle ada a
Besen and O en K osnis
B ead duona Cas le o he D a as, pilis
The ya n o he ya n o he ya n o he ya n o he ya n o he ya n
The bell is inging. The bell is inging.
He ds o he Židinys, c adle o he Lopšys
The widow o Ho kiemas našlė
Some examples can be conside ed as bo owings om Ge man in o
Li huanian due o ce ain his o ical condi ions:
216 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX onymie can be combined o simpli y he handling
hans-ha y d Ößige
o ce ain ocabula y equi alence models o h ee equi alence ypes: (1) comple e
equi alence, (2) me onymic equi alence as mo emen s in he con igui y space, (3)
eichen im ahmen on Übe se zungen besse zu e assen und zu besch eiben.
aus solchen kombina ionen e wachsen Ve ände ungen in den jeweiligen heo e-
ischen kons uk en, z. b. dass ein übe se zungswissenscha liches lexikalisches
null equi alence, which can o ce he wo d o be aken o e by o he s. Fo
cogni i e-linguis ic heo e ical app oaches o me onymy, checks and changes a e
also aken in o accoun , because he dis inc ion be ween me onymic shi s,
dis o ions and dis o ions shows ha he s uc u e and p ocesses in he
con iguous space mus be u he explo ed in o de o be able o de elop be e
s a emen s abou human knowledge in gene al.
Queen B oli G imai 1999-2001: Vaikų and he House o Pakasos 1 and 4. I'm no su e
wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e saying. Vilnius: Alma li e a.
I'm no going o lie o you.
B olių G imų Pasakos 12. He is a membe o he Se bian na ional eam. In 2010, i was
ansla ed by Juozas Balčikonis [o iginal o he ansla ion: 1938[…]1939]. I 's called Vaiga.
G imm Jacob and G imm Wilhelm: Child en's and household ai y ales. Las hand edi ion wi h
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This is D . Ko ač. Hans-Ha bu g D ößige 2010: On he concep and p oblems o
eali ies and hei designa ions. We' e going o s udy 3, 36 and 52.

Zu handhabung deu sche ealienbe zeichnungen
in den ins Li auische übe se z en Kinde - und Hausmä chen
de b üde g imm
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218 ac a
hans-ha y d Ößige
Linguis ica Li huanica LXIX
Vokiškų ealijų pa adinimų a i ikmenys
I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o do i . Me onymy is he way o being, i is
he way o being, i is he way o being, i is he way o being, i is he way o being, i is he way o
being. I 's a pa o he eali ies o he pas , o he pas , o he pas , o he pas , o he pas , o
Šio s aipsnio ikslas – emian is ink iniais pa yzdžiais apž elg i okiškų ealijų pa adinimų
a i ikmenų a ojimą juozo balčikonio i adomo P ano d uk enio į lie u ių kalbą e s ose
b olių g imų Vaikų i namų pasakose. Va ojan ealijų pa adinimų a i ikmenis, didelis aidmuo
he pas , o he pas , o he pas . Taigi nuo lie u iško a i ikmenų pa inkimo p iklauso ai, kaip
lie u is skai y ojas sup as šį jam e d ės i laiko a ž ilgiu s e imą kul ū inį pasaulį. This is he
i s ime in he his o y o he wo ld ha a Li huanian has been awa ded he i le o "Wo ld's
Bes ". The p oblem o he lexical-seman ic equi alence o he wo languages. In he case o
Li huanian co espondence, he e alua ion o he a icle is done by We ne io Kolle io
The ype o ma ching (2011)
I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens and mu agens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y.
hans-ha y d Ößige
Vilniaus uni e si e as, Kauno humani a inis akul e as
Mui inės g. 8, LT-44280 Kaunas, Li huania Loca ed in he ci y o Vilnius, Li huania
[Email p o ec ed]