S aipsniai / A icles 153
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Resea ch a eas: dialec ology, mo phology and
seman ics o wo ds, cogni i e seman ics
LOKATYVINI INESYVO IR This is a lis o ai po s in Romania, g ouped by ype and so ed by loca ion.
Cons uc ion o he Ilia
SEMANTIN RAIŠKA SHIAURS was bo n in
Eas e n Highlands o he Philippines
In he backg ound
Seman ic Exp ession o Loca i e Inessi e and
Illa i e Cons uc ions in he No heas e n
Aukš ai ian Subdialec o Vilnius
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
Based on he me hods o cogni i e seman ics, he a icle analyzes he seman ic ela ionship
be ween he loca i e, inesi e and ilia ic cons uc ions o he no he n highland illages. The
seman ic aspec o he s udy cons uc ions is discussed by dis inguishing he cogni i e
physical, e en , social and s a e spaces named by hem. Thei connec ion is upda ed h ough
p o o ypical, non-p o o ipical and ansi ional cases o wea . The ela ionship be ween he
seman ic ela ions o he loca i e inesi e and he ilia ic cons uc ions is e alua ed by
apibend ina ion. ESMINIAI WORDS: eas e n high- ise buildings in Vilnius, loca i e ine ial
cons uc ion, loca i e ine ial cons uc ion, amilia space, p o o ype acili y, p o o ype
acili y.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
Based on he me hods o cogni i e seman ics, he a icle analyzes he seman ic exp ession
sion o loca i e inessi e and illa i e cons uc ions in he No heas e n Aukš ai ian Subdi-
alec o Vilnius. The cons uc ions in ques ion a e discussed in e ms o seman ics by dis-
o he cogni i e, physical, e en , social, and s a e spaces deno ed by hem. The exp ession
is ac ualized h ough p o o ypical, non-p o o ypical, and ansi ional cases.
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII usage is ound a 154 The a icle ends wi h he
e alua ion o he a io o seman ic exp ession o loca i e inessi e and illa i e
cons uc ions.
KEYWORDS: Eas e n Aukš ai ian subdialec o Vilnius, loca i e inessi e
cons uc ion, loca i e illa i e cons uc ion, cogni i e space, p o o ypical use,
non-p o o ypical use.
1.In oduc o y no es
In ecen decades, esea ch on Li huanian language e minology has been mo ing
apidly o wa d: he e has been a s eady inc ease in he phone ics, phonology,
mo phology, desc ip ions, ansla ion ex s, and dic iona ies o slang. Abundan
y ėjams a idžiau panag inė i kalbinius eiškinius, ku ie iki šiol likda o y imų
and easily accessible ma e ial o he a ms allows in he pe iphe y.
In Li huanian, he wo ds […] inesy o and ilia y o links a e also used o e e o
smalle wo ds. So a , he his o ical mo i es o he o ma ion and unc ioning
o pos -posi ional subs i u es ha e been analyzed (Zinke ičius 1966: 200[…]203; 1980:
253[…]263; 1982: 21[…]38; 2006: 96; 145[…]146). In he dialec ological li e a u e, he
neu aliza ion o inesi e and ilia ic o ms is men ioned (Zinke ičius 1966: me hods
200–202; LKA III: 50–55; 76; LKTCH: 82). Remdamasis s uk ū iniais i na-
o ou ism mo phology The mo i es and condi ions o such neu aliza ion a e
examined by Albe Rosin (1995: 74 […] 75; 2005: 251 […] 252). His assump ions we e
based on indi idual obse a ions o he inequal and illici ela ionships be ween
sou he n highlands (Leskauskai ė 2012: 81[…]90) and eas e n highlands in he Vilnius
slopes (Ka dely ė-G ine ičienė 2009: 557[…]566; 2014). The e is one o he wo k
dedica ed o he phone ics (Bace ičiū ė, Rinkauskienė 2007: 411; 2008: 229237; 2009:
7188) and seman ics (Pe kely ė 2010; Ragaišienė 2012;
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
1.1. Subjec ma e , pu pose and objec i es o he s udy
The e is no much p in ed ma e ial o he eas e n high- ise illas. A small
numbe o ansc ibed ex s om indi idual poin s a e p o ided in he ex s
o he Highe Educa ion Councils (Ma ke ičienė 1999: 110[…]162), LKTCH
(111[…]122), in he book o schools Ry ų aukš aičiai ilniškiai (Ka delis,
Ka dely ė-G ine ičienė 2010), in he monog aph o Joli a U bana ičienė (2010: 324[…]352).
A icles by A icles 155
Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman inė aiška
šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių pa a mėje
The e a e Mielagėnai dis ic ex s (Ka delis 2006), whe e he ansla ion ex s
a e om a speci ic a ea.
The ma e ial o his a icle was collec ed om he la ges sou ce o Vilnius
ad ice published so a , he book No h-Eas e n Highlands Vilnius (Ka delis,
Ka dely ė-G ine ičienė, Na ickai ė, S ungy ė 2006; he eina e […] ŠRAV)1. I
con ains ansc ibed ex s om 17 se lemen s in he no he n Vilnius a ea:
Bėčinai, Bėčiõnių, Didžiąsalio, Ga bnai, Dndų, Vaišninai, Žydėlių (Pa ish o Palšės),
Sėnojo Dugėlškio, Kininų, Kjiškės, P isiegnės, Smilgniškės, Šiškinų, Ving iūlų
(Pa ish o Daugėlo), Na šė, Rimkų (Pa ish o Vdiškės). The book is a collec ion o
21 adi ionalis w i ings w i en be ween he 1940s and 1950s.
By s udying he inesi e and illici o ms eco ded in he o al ex s, i became clea
ha hese closely ela e o he e bs used in he s o y. O en i is he e b, no
he placeholde 's humo , ha de e mines he seman ics o he spoken scene
(especially in cases o placeholde neu aliza ion and compe ing usage).
The e o e, when analyzing he spa ial exp ession, no only he inesi e and he
ilia ic o ms a e s udied, bu a leas a minimal localiza ion-ma king cons uc ion,
called a loca i e inesi e o a loca i e ilia ic cons uc ion. I is a linguis ic uni
consis ing o a place-ma king hyme and i s complemen a y, co ec i e and
spa ial componen s ha o m he p ojec ion o he scene in he language (see
Ka dely ė-G ine ičienė 2014: 2224).
In he ex o he Išnag inėjus ŠRAV, 309 loca i e inesy and 271 loca i e ilia i e
cons uc ions a e ound (see Fig. 1). This a icle desc ibes inė aiška based on
1 PAV. Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų kiekybinis san ykis Šiau ės y ų
aukš aičių ilniškių eks uose
ŠRAV eks uose as ų loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman-
he me hods o cogni i e seman ics […] ca ego iza ion and p o o ype heo ies.
The aim o he analysis is o c ea e a model, 1 The book is published wi h a compac
disc.
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
156 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII showing he means by which he seman ic
amewo k o in es iga i e cons uc ions is implemen ed.
Tasks o he in es iga ion:
• išnag inė i baig inę šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių eks ų im į i e-
cogni i e seman ics me hods ound o di ide loca i e cons uc ions in o
seman ically mo i a ed cogni i e spaces;
• o c ea e a model o cogni i e spaces o loca i e ine ial and iliac
cons uc ions;
• o calcula e and e alua e he ela ionship be ween he seman ic
exp essions o he loca i e inesi e and he illici cons uc ions.
1.2. Theo e ical assump ions
When analyzing spa ial scenes named by loca i e inesi e and ilia ic cons uc ions,
his a icle ollows he p o ision ha he e exis s an idealized ep esen a ion o
eal physical space in language […] men al space model (an. men al model o space). I
is a model o eal o hypo he ical si ua ions in he human imagina ion, si ua ed
be ween concep ualiza ion and hinking. F om he physical wo ld, meaning is
ans e ed o he abs ac (F awley 1992: 205 ). Each men al space model has i s
own in e nal s uc u e. The seman ic space o he localizing links consis s o
di e en cogni i e spaces (cogni i e domain). The con ex ha cha ac e izes
seman ic uni s is called he subjunc i e space (Lako 2004: 19 ; Langacke 1991: 3).
The con ex is e y impo an o seman ic analysis based on cogni i e me hods.
Linguis ic uni s canno be in e p e ed wi hou aking in o accoun encyclopedic
seman ics, which in con ex s ep esen s encyclopedic in o ma ion […] he pa o
ex alinguis ic knowledge ealized h ough linguis ic uni s (E ans 2007: 72). Con ex
and encyclopedic knowledge a e e y impo an in desc ibing and in es iga ing
spa ial scenes. These ac o s de ine he meaning o he same lexeme in di e en
cons uc ions o sayings and de e mine he seman ic exp ession o he uni unde
conside a ion.
The ela ionships connec ing he e ical spaces can be o a ying complexi y.
Cogni i e seman ics allows he esea che o de ail he seman ic desc ip ion
o he ex en ha he has o can ob ain knowledge abou he linguis ic
Kiek iena pažin inė inesy o i ilia y o e d ė apima konk ečių panašiais se-
phenomenon being desc ibed a he ime. he inhe i ed cha ac e is ics o he
si ua ions in which hese amusemen s a e consumed.
When di iding esea ch cons uc ions in o cogni i e spaces, he c i e ia o
p o o ypical, non-p o o ipical and ansi ional use a e used. Cogni i e seman ics
A icles o he 157 h a icle
Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman inė aiška
šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių pa a mėje
a s o ai laikosi požiū io, kad kalbos ka ego iją suda o jos eikšmių isuma, a-
has no equi alen in e ms o meaning. The analysis is guided by he p inciples o
p o o ype heo y, acco ding o which all ca ego ies ha e in e nal s uc u es
consis ing o a cen e and a pe iphe y. The p o o ype is he bes , clea es example,
he benchma k o he membe s o he ca ego y, by which he whole ca ego y can
be ecognized (Lako 2004: 62 < 71; 375; Langacke 1987: 159). No so consis en ly and
clea ly ac ualized meaning modula ions, some imes appea ing only in special
con ex s, a e conside ed p o o ypical. In he p o o ypical and non-p o o ipical
examples o o osens ha name cogni i e spaces, se e al cogni i e spaces a e
o en in e spe sed and hus o m cogni i e spaces.
In he p in ed ma e ial, he spa ial scenes a e called he spa ial scenes by he
inesi e and he ilia ic cons uc ions. They a e desc ibed by he asymme ical
ela ionship be ween he wo pa icipan s o hese scenes […] he ajec o y
and he o ien a ion. These a e he main, mo e no iceable, o mos p ominen ,
pa icipan s o he space scene. T ajec o y indica es any kind o mo emen o
ac ion (physical o abs ac ), is sui able o bo h s a ic and dynamic
ela ionships. The o ien y indica es whe e he ajec o y is mo ing o being
loca ed (Langacke 1987: 217[…]220)3. As al eady men ioned, an idealized
ep esen a ion o space is p ojec ed in he speech. The ela ionship be ween
sai, ne e ai y a me a o iški a ba me onimiški. Todėl kogni y inės k yp ies a -
s o ai seman inės analizės objek u laiko koncep ualiąją me a o ą (an. concep ual
me apho ) i koncep ualiąją me onimiją (an. concep ual me onimy). Jos a skleidžia
ajec o y and o ien a ion, like he ela ionship be ween he p ocesses o
human hough and he s uc u es o human hough , e lec s, ealizes and
explains he linguis ic phenomenon o hough a ising om he gene al expe ience o human hough (Lako , Johnson, 2007: 27).
The heo y o cogni i e dissonance is based on he wo k o Eleono a Rosch (1978: 27-48) and o he
ŠRAV eks uose as ų loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman-
ep esen a i es o cogni i e psychology. E. Rosch consolida ed he concep o he p o o ype by
s udying he aes he ic ca ego ies o human pe cep ion […] he pe cep ion o colo s. 3
Cha ac e is ics o he o ien a ion a e complemen ed by he cha ac e is ics o he dimensional
con aine s. Taking hem in o accoun , loca i e inesi e and ilia ic cons uc ions can be called
h ee-, wo-, one- and ze o-dimensional o ien a ions, o ese oi s (Langacke 1987: 150[…]151; 248;
Ka dely ė-G ine ičienė 2014: 27[…]29).

DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
158 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII
inesy o i 234 ilia y o kons ukcijos) i mažiau p oduk y ias į ykių (17 loka-
25 loca i e cons uc ions), social (8 loca i e cons uc ions and 12 loca i e
cons uc ions) and s a e (7 loca i e cons uc ions and 4 loca i e
cons uc ions) (see Figu e 2).
2 PAV. O he The quan i a i e a io o cogni i e spaces named by he loca i e
inesi e and he ioly ic cons uc ions in he ex s o he no he n highlands o
Vilnius is discussed in mo e de ail in he ollowing a icle.
2.1. Pažin inė izinė e d ė
P o o ipiškai loka y inėmis inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijomis į a dijamas
ajek o iaus bu imas a judėjimas e d ėje su okiamas kaip jo i izinės alpy-
he loca ion, o o ien a ion, o he ela ionship. The physical space con aine has
a ious opological ea u es cha ac e izing he physical egion whe e he ajec o y is loca ed o o which i is mo ing (e.g.
F awley 1992: 254 o 255.
P o o ypical examples o physical space, ealized by loca i e ine ial
cons uc ions, can be conside ed spa ial scenes whe e he o ien a ion is in a
ce ain h ee-dimensional physical space (see Fig. 3). The p o o ype o he
loca i e-ilia i e cons uc ions can be conside ed o be he so-called spa ial scenes,
whe e he ajec o y i sel mo es o is someone's al hough placed in a ce ain
h ee-dimensional ou is con aine . One o he dynamic schemes o he PRADINIS
TAŠKASKELIASGALINIS TAŠKAS pa s […] GALINIS TAŠKAS is ma ked wi h an Ilia ic
(see Langacke 2008: 32; see Figu e 4).
A icles by A icles 159
Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman inė aiška
šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių pa a mėje
3 PAV. O he The p o o ype o he loca i e ine ial cons uc ions in he physical
space schema4 4 PAV. The p o o ype o loca i e and illici cons uc ions in physical
Kadangi nag inė oje šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių medžiagoje gausu pa-
space scheme5 e e s o loca i e and illici cons uc ions ha name physical
space, hey a e di ided in o small seman ic ypes. The basis o hei alloca ion is
he pu pose o na u e o he con aine s. Th ee dominan seman ic ypes can be
dis inguished: localiza ion in he p emises, in he capaci y and in he geog aphical
and landscape egions. Ras a and indi idual cases no included in hese seman ic ypes6.
2.1.1. The lack o ib ous examples wi h loca i e inesi e and ilia ic cons uc ions in
he ex s o he no h-eas e n highlands o Vilnius analyzed he localiza ion o
he oom. In o al, 46 locomo i es and 55 locomo i es we e ound.
Localiza ion in he oom is one o he p o o ypes o physical space ealiza ions.
boje, nu odančių, jog ajek o ius y a a ba juda į am ik ą užda ą ima ę pa al-
In he analyzed ma e ial o he no h-eas e n high- ise illas, he localiza ion o
he p emises is p o o ypically named by loca i e cons uc ions wi h he
pu chase o lexemes, 4 TR […] ajec o y, OR […] o ien a ion.
5 SP […] he posi ion o he obse e .
6 Fo a mo e de ailed b eakdown o cogni i e physical space by seman ic ypes, see The
Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
The Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII pi is, kluonas, k au u ė, ligoninė ie ninkais,
o example: (1) his is a pu chase on one Sa u day, Sunday, hen he nex he e is a
pu chase o a lo o young people (ŠRAV 53); (2) I go o he g oce y s o e and say,
"Mom, I don' ha e any sheep, I'm going o look o hem". (3) ex olia es and cleans he
linseed wi h di ; (4) and ge ou o he bene i 10 as soon as you b ing he kluonuosan
(ŠRAV 193); (5) now go o he s o e and buy e e y hing (ShRAV 52); (6) The p ies ook
he by he hand and ook he o he hospi al in his way.
161).
Non- ypical cases o localisa ion in he p emises a e ealised in he ma e ial
analysed as a me onymic link: (7) one accompanied by a line o slaugh e houses in
Vilnius, San a išky, and Red (ŠRAV 180). The unp o opinion o he esea ch
cons uc ions upg ades and compe es wi h he loca i e o ices. This concep
desc ibes a linguis ic phenomenon in which wo di e en means o exp essing
he same linguis ic phenomenon a e used in pa allel and nei he o hem is
ob iously dominan (e.g. In 1957, he 100 h anni e sa y o he ealiza ion o he
123; 1967: 100–123; plačiau ž . Ka dely ė-G ine ičienė 2014: 104–119). Anali-
zuo a šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių medžiaga odo, kad nep o o ipinė a o-
inesi e and iliac o ms compe ing in he compounds:
The name o he ci y is he same as he name o he ci y, bu he name o
he ci y is he same as he name o he ci y, bu he name o he ci y is he
same as he name o he ci y. (9) no one's name is he e al eady one's name
is he e and his is how young people a e he e and shocked (ŠRAV 152);
The e m " amily" is de i ed om he combina ion o he wo ds " amily"
and " amily" in he English language, and is used o e e o a amily
consis ing o wo o mo e people li ing in he same household. - "Family,"
7 He e and in he u u e, i is indica ed how many imes speci ic lexemes in he analyzed ma e ial ha e been
used in he inesi e and ilio ic join s eco ded in he loca i e cons uc ions. In he ex , he wo ds used o
e e o he loca ion o he p emises a e: pi kioj 5, pi y 5, 4, pi kion 3, pi in 3, kluone 3, kluonan 3,
malūnan 3, chu ch 3, chu ch 2, ac o y 2, p ison 2, p ison 2, p ison 2, ki chen 2, ki chen 2, ecipes 2, a e he
disco e y: bankan, ceche, o e, o an, gamykloj, ge an, kal , kalbonijoj, klub, kon o , k u u , k au ,
hospi al, nu sing home, nu sing home, nu sing home, clinic, clinic, clinic, clinic, clinic, clinic, clinic, clinic, clinic. 8
In he examples p o ided, he loca i e ine ial and iliac cons uc ions a e abb e ia ed.
9
Fo con enience, he g amma ical examples a e p o ided in he w i en o m o he common
language, no in ansli e a ion.
The 10 h o July.
11 The umpe indica es he inesi e, and he IL indica es he ilia ic.
A icles o he T ea y
Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman inė aiška
šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių pa a mėje
• į a dis (IL) + daik a a dis (IN) + me onimija, pa yzdžiui: (11) mane a e-
This is he De in an Fo . I 's his De in am o I' e been si ing on o a while, a
couple o mon hs.
Seman ically speaking, he loca i e o he noun in he consonan s o he school is
ukcijos žymi i pažin inių e d ių pe eigą. Ji i in yški kon eks uose, pasako-
inesi e and ilia ic12. In he ex s o he E d inė e e ence school and schools in he
no h-eas e n high schools o Vilnius, he name o he building o p emises whe e he
educa ional and educa ional ac i i ies a e ca ied ou and he ac ual lea ning p ocess
ha akes place be ween hem a e also men ioned. The e o e, he loca i e inesy o
ealizuojama pažin inių izinės, į ykių i laiko e d ių pe eiga, pa yzdžiui: (12)
and ilia i e cons uc ions wi h he lexema school na a and he school wen o his
al eady, how much he e is o lea n I al eady do no know, know (ŠRAV 79); (13) he e
was a school and he e was a place, a school he e, he e we li ed, we slep , we slep 13 (ŠRAV 65).
The ansi ional pe iod o he pachinko spaces is also indica ed by he loca i e
cons uc ions wi h lexemes in he cou ya d, he d a an. In he case o he "E d in"
scenes wi h hese lexemes, i indica es bo h he loca ion in he buildings named by
hem and he p esence in a ce ain social o de , so ha hey in e sec he amilia
physical and social spaces, o example: (14) Well, now Do oko saw his, he e was a
ee in he cou ya d [SRAV 202]; (15) Then, a he end o he day, he ga es we e
locked so ha he pa ishione s could no en e he house (SRAV 203).
2.1.2. Physical space con aine s a e objec s o a ious sizes and olumes, which can be desc ibed as
con aine s. P o o ypically, such con aine s a e comple ely enclosed in he analyzed ma e ial, bu
ha e one mobile bounda y (shell, shoulde , bo le, boile , wagon, e c.). T ajec o ies a e also loca ed
in con aine s ha do no ha e any physical bounda y (s) (bliūduosan, duobėj, duonakepėn,
g io iuosan, kašikan, lineikoj15, pies oj, puodelin, pas aunykan16, spa iednyčion, ska a don17,
ca iage). In he 12 ex s analyzed, he school ound as many as 16 loca i e, iliac, and inescu cheon
cons uc ions. The equency o hese subs i u es is de e mined by he ac ha almos e e y
speake alks abou school imes and lea ning condi ions. While elling he s o y o he lexicon, he
subs i u e eache s o en epea i , some imes e en in e e y sen ence, so he e a e many
loca i e cons uc ions wi h his lexicon.
13 We had sex.
14 The le els o hese subs i uen s in he es subs ance a e: b ead […] 8, bo le […] 3, ke le […]
3, pi […] 2, wagon […] 2, pain […] 1, wagon […] 1, a iliukan […] 1, box […] 1, ship […] 1.
15 In a ligh , beau i ul cha io .
16 A e ed a ea o g azing animals.
The 17 h Cape.
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
168 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXII
(ŠRAV 170) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. (64) says, as you wake up, you' e
c ying, I'm going o go o Deshim ojon now; I c ied; and I don' . And I wep wi h all my
mind, and I wep wi h all my mind, and I wep wi h all my mind, and I wep wi h all my mind, and I wep wi h all my mind. 63 examples o ea ly adjec i es o ea ly Ch is mas o Eas e
y ą yks ančios pi mosios pamaldos, 64 – me onimiškai a ojama skai a -
džio o ma dešim oji „10- ą sekmadienį po š . Velykų š enčiami K is aus ši dies
a laidai“.
2.3. The c i e ion o he alloca ion o a social space is a sign o i ali y a ibu able o he
o ien a ion. The O ien is called a lexema, deno ing a communi y o people, a collec i e, a
uni y (Kuzne so 2012: 99[…]102). This cogni i e space does no ha e cha ac e is ic
dimensional ea u es. In he ex s analyzed, loca i e cons uc ions wi h lexemes we e
ound: amily, alk, a laidai, eselia, wedding, s o ai, šliūbas, bu ial, pa isans48. A o al o 8
loca i e ines and 12 loca i e iliac cons uc ions ha e been eco ded, e.g. (65) la ge amily
li e (ŠRAV 57); (66) he sale o he ma ke o coconu s (ŠRAV 75); "Wha goes a ound comes
a ound, wha goes a ound comes a ound... I'm coming o you, you' e coming o me" (Psalm
69:1) (I'm su e you'll be pleased o know ha I'm no he only one who's been o SRAV 171.) In
he ex s analyzed, he social aspec is o en associa ed wi h o he cogni i e spaces. The
ansi ion o such cogni i e spaces is upda ed in di e en con ex s by using he lexeme
home. The e m " amily" can e e o bo h he loca ion o a amily in a physical space (see
page 67) and he p esence o a social uni in he amily (see page 69). e.g. I also indica es
which beau i ul gi l is al eady a home (see page 171). In his example, he ansi ion o
cogni i e social and physical spaces is upda ed.
O en con ex s whe e social space in e sec s wi h spaces o e en s and ime,
pa yzdžiui: (70) a laiduosan jau būda o, o be nai, ai a laiduosan, ai gi daba kai
a jau a laidai a bū a jau ši ai Palūšėj Lau ynas51, a jau g ei bus, ai būda o gi
isų kaimų be nai gi, ai isi an d i ačių ažiuoja gi jau ši ai a laiduosan (ŠRAV 82).
47 Righ away.
48 The equency o hese lexemes in he ex unde analysis is: a laiduosan […] 4, pa isans […] 3,
wedding […] 3, amily […] 2, alkon […] 2. One by one, he ollowing a e eco ded: in he une al
p ocession, in he ligh , in he showe , in he alk, in he chee , in he chee .
49 Galima.
50 o ejoice; will be sa is ied.
51 S . You i ed Lau ine.

S aipsniai / A icles 169
Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman inė aiška
šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių pa a mėje
2.4. The space o he s a e is e y close o he adi ional social space. The social
space is cha ac e ized by a i ali y, i.e. he o ien a ion mus be exp essed in lexemes
ha ma k he collec i e o people, and he s a e space is mos impo an ly he
aspec o s a e change (Kuzne so , 2012). The dimensions o he con aine s do no
eally exis in his cogni i e space, bu simila s uc u al models a e used o exp ess
he ela ionship be ween he ajec o y and he o ien a ion, as well as o desc ibe
he physical space […] in o which one en e s in o some s a e o condi ion (e.g. physical
kamba į; bū i kamba yje). Taigi pažin inės būsenos e d ės p ojekcija kalboje y a
pa em a koncep ualiąja me a o a.
Analizuo oje šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių medžiagoje būsenos e d ę
space: en e ing in o he p o o ypically named loca i e ine ial and iliac cons uc ions
wi h he leksim: bu liok ein52, pliene53, pazin in, sme in, bela54. O he o al, 7
loca i e ines and 4 iliac cons uc ions we e ound, o example: (71) na o b ing money
o he p ickle55 bu liokys ėj, ha is, hen day and nigh h ough i [ge ia] (ŠRAV 162);
(72) Behind he doo s ood his Geo ge and ga e he kni e, and he hamme and he
chisel (Sh a 90). The Būsen space is also cha ac e ized by he ansi ion o amilia
spaces: (72) and as in s eel he e was a b o he o h ee yea s (ŠRAV 55); (73) he wen
o he peni en ia y (ŠRAV 79) […] being in he peni en ia y is ela ed no only o he
change o s a e ( om ee man o he peni en ia y), bu also o he physical
(physical place o being in he peni en ia y), he space o ime (in he peni en ia y a
ce ain in e al o ime). The ela ionship be ween he s a e o he pa icles and
he space ime is mos clea ly illus a ed by he loca i e cons uc ion wi h he
Visų ap a ųjų pažin inių e d ių – izinės, į ykių, socialinės i būsenos – pe-
eigą apibend in ai galima pa aizduo i pažin inių e d ių modeliu (ž . 5 pa .).
nume al, o example, (75) Čičelo a uoš ė is s ill ali e and now, he e is al eady a
hund ed boba (ŠRAV 1966) 56. The do lines ma k he zones o ansi ion o he
siomis kons ukcijomis į a dijamos pažin inės e d ės analizuo oje šiau ės y ų
cogni i e spaces, which a e named by loca i e, inesi e and ilio ic cons uc ions. This
model indica es ha he ma e ials o he es ubes a e igh ly bound oge he . The exp essions o seman ic loca i e cons uc ions a e cha ac e is ic no only o space, bu also o ime.
52 wo ks in Russia.
53 in he Ne he lands.
The 54 h.
55 ea ned.
56 To he cogni i e s a e space a e assigned loca i e cons uc ions wi h me apho ically used lexemes
memo y (and wol es we e in my memo y (SRAV 98)) and memo y (I only had memo y, I had al eady ead
wha was happening, I would no o ge i (SRAV 177). I ma ks localiza ion no in he p esen , bu in
he space scenes ha exis ed in he pas .
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
170 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
5 h PAV. The model o he cogni i e spaces o he loca i e ines and iliac cons uc ions
eco ded in he ex s o he no he n eas e n highlands o Vilnius
3. Excluded
In he analyzed ex s o he No h-Eas e n highlands o Vilnius, he model o
he seman ic ela ions o he loca i e inesi e and illici cons uc ions is
ke u ias pažin ines e d es: izinę, į ykių, socialinę i būsenos.
ealized h ough 2. The seman ic ela ion o loca i e inesi e and ilioac i e
cons uc ions is mos p oduc i ely upda ed by naming localiza ion in he
cogni i e physical space. Cons uc ions ha in es iga e e en s, social and
s a e spaces a e men ioned less equen ly. Loca i e ine ial cons uc ions
domina e sligh ly in naming pu ely local cogni i e physical spaces, while loca i e
illici cons uc ions domina e mo e abs ac e en s and social spaces.
Analysis o he ex s o he no he n highland illage s shows ha he
cogni i e spaces named by he loca i e inesi e and he iliac cons uc ions a e
no isola ed om each o he , i.e. he seman ic exp ession model e eals he
ansi ion o cogni i e spaces. Localiza ion in he physical space, e e ed o
as ixed cons uc ions, is cha ac e ized no only by seman ic place ma ke s.
The physical loca ion o he ajec o y is ela ed o ce ain cha ac e is ics
o i s mode and e y o en o he ime aspec . The ansi ion is pa icula ly
p onounced when polysemous lexemes a e used in loca i e cons uc ions.
A icles by A icles 171
Loka y inių inesy o i ilia y o kons ukcijų seman inė aiška
šiau ės y ų aukš aičių ilniškių pa a mėje
4.I can be assumed ha he loca i e inesy o o ilia i e cons uc ions
(as well as he speci ic lexemes used in hem) he seman ic exp ession (and
equency) de e mines he cogni i e po en ial o he p esen a ion. The
choice o exp essi e means o naming E d ines scenes depends on he
heme o he na a o 's de elopmen , elling he cha ac e is ics o he
dynamics o s a ici y o he e bs used. The e o e, i is no app op ia e o
judge om he quan i ies o ce ain ex s ha he loca i es o one o he
o he lexeme a e a ely o no used a all. I he na a i e doesn' equi e,
say, a e b (we' e alking abou s a ic ac ions o p ocesses), i 's no going o
be unny in ha con ex , bu ha doesn' mean i 's no used in gene al.
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Seman ic Exp ession o Loca i e Inessi e and
Illa i e Cons uc ions in he No heas e n
Aukš ai ian Subdialec o Vilnius
Summa y
Based on he me hods o cogni i e seman ics ca ego iza ion and p o o ype heo y, he
a icle desc ibes he loca i e, inac i e, and illa i e cons uc ions in he No heas e n
Augus ian subdialec o Vilnius. The aim o he analysis is o c ea e a model showing examples
he means used o ealize he seman ic exp ession o he cons uc ions in ques ion. The
a e di ided in o seman ically g ounded cogni i e spaces. The desc ip ion o he la e is based
on he ac ualiza ion o p o o ypical, non-p o o ypical and ansi ional cases o use ealized
by loca i e cons uc ions.

DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
174 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII
The s udy shows ha in he ma e ial unde analysis bo h loca i e inessi e and illa i e
Cons uc ions a e used o deno e ou cogni i e spaces: especially commonly ep esen ed
physical space, less ac i e e en , social, and s a e spaces. Realized in ce ain con ex s, hey
a e no isola ed om each o he ; They in e ac and c ea e ansi ional zones. The analysis o
he ex s also en ails an assump ion ha he seman ic exp ession o loca i e, ina i e, o
illa i e cons uc ions (as well as he speci ic lexemes used in hem) is de e mined by he
cogni i e po en ial o he speake .
Deli e ed on 26 Oc obe 2014
DAIVA KARDELYTĖ-GRINEVIČIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius
d.ca dely e@ho mail.l This is a lis o all he membe s o he Eu opean Pa liamen .