Recenzijos / Re iews 355
JŪRATĖ LUBIENĖ
Klaipėdos uni e si e as
Resea ch a eas include lexicology, e hnolinguis ics,
dialec ology and geolinguis ics.
BIRUTĖ VANAGIENĖ
The wo ds o he Wes
Ge manic peoples: Ylaky,
Lenkim, Mosque, Squad, Shoo e
Dis ic o Šnek o
Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Recen ly, ano he , he hi d, la ge-scale and long-p epa ed dic iona y o he
Lowland dialec appea ed […] Bi u ės Vanagienės No h-Wes e n Lowland
dic iona y: Ylakių, Lenkimų, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Šačių dis ic s shnek os
(Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2014 [ ol.1], 2015 [ ol.2].
The his o y o no only he lowland, bu also he Li huanian dialec dic iona ies in gene al begins
wi h he No he n Dunes Schnek dic iona y (Vilnius: Mokslas, 1976), which was p epa ed ou
decades ago by Vy au as Vi kauskas, a na i e o he Ku šai moun ains. Fo hi y- i e yea s, his
dic iona y was he only one de o ed o he language o he lowlands, mo e p ecisely o […] pa o
he sou he n lowland a niškių šnek os. Juozas Aleksand a ičius, a esea che o he no he n
lowland K e ingian slang, was he i s o w i e a dic iona y o he language, bu o a long ime,
wi h in e up ions, he w o e a dic iona y o he K e ingian language (edi ed by p o . d . Danguolė
Mikulnienė and doc. d . Dai a Vai om he p ess o he Vilnius Ins i u e o Li huanian Language,
2011) on he ini ia i e and e o s o he s a o he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language. Juozas
Aleksand a ičius mainly collec ed ma e ial om he K e ingiškių šnek os poin s in he no hwes ,
and a small dic iona y o Li huanian dialec s has been published. I was w i en by Žane a
Jokužy ė, Lo e a Liu ku ė and Vi ginija Vei e ienė. Vilnius: Eug imas, 2014. This Decision is
add essed o he Membe S a es. 2 In he ollowing ex , he dic iona y is called sho e , wi hou
men ioning i s subheadings.
JŪRATĖ LUBIENĖ
356 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV wo d au ho Bi u ė Vanagienė […] mainly om
he elšiškių šnek os poin s in he no hwes , as indica ed by he wo d
paan aš ė, Ylakių, Lenkimų, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Šačių apylinkių. T ue, he small pa
o he Vanagienė-Lenkimė-Mosėdžio dis ic s belongs o he no he n lowland
K e ingians, so he wo wo ds a e symbolically connec ed in e ms o he a ea
unde in es iga ion, ha moniously complemen ing each o he , e ealing he image
o he lexicon o he no he n lowlands, Telšiškių and K e ingiškių om abou he
end o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y. The wo wo ds ha e a simila
s uc u e: he inal p epa a ion o hem o he p ess was ca ied ou by he
ne pa ys au o iai, ad leidinių p adžioje įdė a į adinių s aipsnių, supažindinan-
čių su au o ių biog a ijomis, edaga imo da bais.
Iš p o . habil. d . Gied iaus Subačiaus į adinio s aipsnio Bi u ės Rokai-
dic iona y o Tesa-Vanagienė and o he wo ks. We lea ned ha he dic iona y
abou h ee decades (1960[…]1990) sold he ma e ial on a ious occasions a e
going o he na i e Mosad. La e , he a ailable ma e ial was es ima ed o be
supplemen ed by da a om a much la ge a ea, co e ing he a hes
no hwes e n co ne o Li huania, as indica ed by he au ho o ano he
in oduc o y a icle, Mikulėnienė, mo e han 80 se lemen s. Vanagienei managed
o make he idea o collec ing ma e ial om a la ge e i o y a eali y by
o ganizing eigh dialec ological expedi ions (1989-1996), du ing which wo ds helped
he o collec young en husias ic philologis s - s uden s, colleagues. By e iewing
a ious linguis ic wo ks o Vanagienė, p esen ing hei bibliog aphy, Subačius e y
clea ly shows he excellen p o essional p epa a ion, allowing he o accu a ely
eco d and sys ema ically in e p e he ac s o he na i e language. In choosing
he ma e ial, he au ho o he dic iona y " ied o in e iew he oldes people in
each a ea, was pleased o ecei e language da a om people bo n in he 19 h
cen u y" (p. XI). Thus, he dic iona y collec s he lexicon da a based on he
adi ional p o ision ha he mos aluable wo ds hemsel es a e he old o ms,
bu he ma ke and he dic iona y ha e added he en i e eco ded lexicon, so he
explana o y dic iona y o he No h-Wes e n Lowlands belongs o he ype o
de ailed dic iona ies (i di e s, o example, om he i s No h-Eas e n
Dunedin dic iona y o wo ds). The au ho s o bo h in oduc o y a icles […] and Mikulėnienė, and Subačius […] w i e li le bu e y wa mly abou Vanagienė's pe sonali y: hey emphasize he ex ao dina ily la ge wo k
umą, k uopš umą, a sakingumą, meilę gim ajam k aš ui, žmonėms i , žinoma,
kalbai.
Mikulėnienė, who led all he edi ing o he No h Wes e n Lowland Dic iona y, is
in oduced o he main momen s o he ma e ial managemen in he sho ex The
Way o he Wo d ( he i s olume o he publica ion begins wi h i ); I is no ed ha
many edi o ial wo ks we e ca ied ou by p o essional w i e s: edi o doc. d .
Juozas Pab ėža oge he wi h he dic iona y au ho cla i ied he wo d
p esen a ion, phone ic ansc ip ion, spelling; he ex was la e imp o ed by he
expe ienced edi o Aldona Kaluinienė. Such ac s a e a gua an ee o he g ea scien i ic alue o he dic iona y.
Bi u ė Vanagienė
Šiau ės aka ų žemaičių žodynas:
Ylakių, Lenkimų, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Šačių apylinkių šnek os
Re iews o he 357 h
A e hese e y necessa y and in o ma i e in oduc o y a icles comes a
dic iona y ex wi h adi ional s uc u al pa s. I consis s o he P e e m,
he In oduc o y No es, he Summa ies ( he lis o abb e ia ions is epea ed in
he second olume), and, o cou se, he main pa […] an imp essi e abeceda y
co pus o wo ds, o e wo olumes o wo ds co e ing 988 pages. In addi ion, bo h
olumes o he dic iona y con ain a map (which was c ea ed by doc o al s uden
Lau a Ge žo ai ė), he necessi y o which leads o he conclusion ha he map
should be a manda o y pa o he s uc u e o each in e media e dic iona y.
The in oduc o y no es, as is cus oma y in dic iona ies, in oduce he peculia i ies
o he syllables o he a ea being desc ibed: hey discuss cases o ci cumcision,
assimila ion o owels, p onuncia ion o nasal owels, sho ening o long owels,
so ening o consonan s, mixing o s ones, p eposi ions, as well as he use o
owels and adjec i es. The glossa y o language cha ac e is ics is mo e o
p o essionals; Gi en ha he ocabula y will also be used in he p ac ice o speech,
i would be desi able o ha e a mo e de ailed desc ip ion o he e bs. The
explana ions o he p inciples o he c ea ion o de ini ions make i possible o ind
ou which wo ds o hei a ian s a e p esen ed di e en ly han in he Li huanian language dic iona y (LKŽe).
The use o ansc ip ion (a simpli ied e sion o i ) o w i e illus a i e
sen ences inc eases he scien i ic alue o he wo d and expands i s unc ions.
The explana ions gi en in he in oduc o y no es abou he unnecessa y
a ia ion o he ansc ip ion acili a e he use o he ocabula y. The ma king
o enc yp ed sen ences om eco ds wi h a special con ac ual sign in on
o he passing s a (*) is impo an o many esea ches.
Sub i le wo ds a e ansposed. As we know, ansposi ion is also a heo e ical in e p e a ion o
he phenomenon o one language o ano he . The compe ence o he au ho s and edi o s has
enabled his wo k o be ca ied ou in an ex emely high-quali y manne , i.e. consis en ly main aining
he selec ed scien i ic p o isions. Pe haps ano he case will s imula e schola ly discussion ( o
example, on he in e p e a ion o some p ecep s) o inspi e p ac ical decision-making by imp o ing
dic iona ies ( o example, he beginning o he wo d j, is no p onounced and he ma king is no
ma ked, see I 27 and [ ] II 15719, 4 e mija I and jéibė I 235, a aplnas II 410). Wi hou a doub , he
g ea es alue o he publica ion is he ocabula y i sel , which abo e all shows he g ea quan i y
and di e si y o wo ds used and used in he No h-Wes e n Lowlands. In addi ion o being
widesp ead, many would hea he e m "landlo dship" (e.g. c ulis ‘ ie e sys I 62, kas ins ks inis
‘s ies as4 om he su ix, hea ed g i I 150, 3 This p ac ice is no es ablished in all Ta min
dic iona ies, o example, he un ansc ibed ilius aciniai sayings in Vi o Labucius' Daukšiai's
landlo d dic iona y (Vilnius: Alma li e a, 2002). 4g Pl. he de ini ion gi en in he cu en elec onic
Li huanian dic iona y o he de ini ion o "soil meal om subs i u ed hea ed g a el".
JŪRATĖ LUBIENĖ
358 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV kniuiss ‘uodas I5 178, klis ‘akmuo I 193), which
can be said o be a cul u al code o a kind o landedness, a ocabula y pa icula ly
ich and o a na owe o e y na ow use, o a a e o e y a e dialec ism.
When eading a dic iona y, he lexicologis 's gaze is i s o all a ac ed by a
pa icula ly la ge laye o lexical and seman ic gaps, which es i ies o he
peculia i y o he Ge manic lexicon. I 's no jus a ques ion o whe he o no
you' e going o be able o do i , i 's also a ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o
be able o do i , and i 's a ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i ,
and i 's a ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i , and i 's a
ques ion o whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i , and i 's a ques ion o
whe he o no you' e going o be able o do i . he snake II 92, he bee le ‘bulbs
duobu ė, om which he daigas g ow, he eye II 92, he in i ‘p k. I'm no su e wha
you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . Lexical and seman ic
dialec ics could be a sepa a e objec o nomina ion, mo i a ion o linguis ic
wo ld iew esea ch. The la e s udy would also be well sui ed o he ph aseology
o […] one o he bes e hnic wo ld ocabula y eposi o ies. No all he ph ases o
he wo d can be ound in he LKŽ; They a y g ea ly in e ms o bo h seman ics and
s uc u e, such as blusms […]pkaklė sucl i […] o ake ca e o […] I 69, […]gili[…] o pu
he ongue in […] o send […] I 74, […]da[…]n[…] o sing […] ells abou alking abou some
in en ion […] I 102, […] o pu in he ches […] o ly, o command […] I 46, 144,
[…]nesugáuna (sugáuna) abou he m[…]ness o he body […] o pu on a lo o clo hes
[…] I 175, […]gili[…] 18 […] o o e come I4, […] o make he body […]
I'm no going o do i . I'm no going o do i .
In he no he n wes e n lowland ocabula y, keeping he LKZ, he adi ions o
he in e media e ocabula y, wi h special abb e ia ions ma ked as loanwo ds.
Vanagienė did a g ea deal o analy ical wo k he ocabula y ma ked wi h loan
abb e ia ions o ms a ich and une en lexical laye . In addi ion o he
abo e-men ioned cha ac e is ics, he e a e also a numbe o o he
cha ac e is ics ha a e used in Ge manic languages, such as he ollowing: b io i,
-ioja, -iojo, -še i, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja,
-ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja,
-ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja,
-ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja,
5
-ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -ioja, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo, -yo.
Bi u ė Vanagienė
Šiau ės aka ų žemaičių žodynas:
Ylakių, Lenkimų, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Šačių apylinkių šnek os
Re iews o he ilm 359
I, page 193, wi hou s a ing II, page 430. O cou se, he ocabula y includes Sla ic
wo ds, such as če apkas ‘ ėžlys I 93, č as ‘bu as I 93, čn as ‘sku as, gabalas I
96, čiup ynà ‘1. head hai ; 2. sp ands, paka pa I 96, delénka ‘skinimas, bi žė I 113,
gnčas ‘skalikas I 196, za s ‘g ei , uojau II 466. This is he i s ime ha his has
happened. The e a e ew cases whe e he loan is no ma ked wi h a sho cu
(e.g. dlis asa inė k iaušė I 138, i Labai u paneigimui nusaki i I 161).
As men ioned, he e iewed dic iona y includes no only wo ds belonging o he
adi ional lexicon laye o he language, bu also wo ds ha ha e ecen ly come
in o he language o ha e ecen ly been made in he language […] newcome s, which
a e usually ma ked in he dic iona y as special sho cu s. Some new wo ds o
meanings o new wo ds supplemen he LKŽ da a, e.g. lib a y […] lib a y […] I 59,
bi byn[…]lė […] mo o cycle […] I 62, gas […] who ca ies gas […] I 137, d[…] ansmission,
ansmission […] I 62. The No h-Wes e n Lowland Dic iona y […] is an inexhaus ible
and eliable sou ce o ma e ial o esea che s o wo d o ma ion and mo phology,
as i con ains a weal h o mo phological and mo phological e ms eco ded only in
headings. A lis o examples: wo ds om ano he s one, e.g. b ukns ‘b uknė I 78,
d e à ‘d e ė, uoksas I 132, eke s, ke is ‘ž . I'm no su e ha 's he case. I 186, he
gui a , he gui a , I 189, he d umme . In he case o he Uni ed S a es, he ollowing
de ini ions shall apply: (i) he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; (ii) he Uni ed S a es o
Ame ica; (iii) he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; (i ) he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; ( ) he
Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; ( ) he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; ( ) he Uni ed S a es o
Ame ica; ( i) he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; ( i) he Uni ed S a es o Ame ica; ( i) he
Uni ed S a es o Ame ica.
Looking a he ocabula y in e ms o pa s o he language, he di e si y o
hei p onuncia ion, s uc u e and seman ics s ands ou . Exac ly […] one o he
deco a i e wo ds ha con eys he peculia i y, exp ession, emo ion, and
image y o he indigenous language. The ollowing is a lis o he mos common
ypes o uncommon spo s: I62, I95, I95, I95, I95, I95, I96, I97, I97, I98, I98, I98, I99, I99, I99,
I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99,
I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99,
I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99,
I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I99, I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9
I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9
I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9 I9
I9 The e a e also p e ixes ha ha e a di e en meaning bu a e no speci ied,
e.g. ps o sudden ac ion o say II 116, spýk o pašokimui o say II 226, šlèk o
gen le opening

JŪRATĖ LUBIENĖ
360 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV
nusaky i’ II 290. Iš ik ukai įdomūs i onoseman ikos a one ikos aspek u, pa-
In hem, I, in hem, I'm usually old no o dis ibu e hem. The mos common
independen lemma in he dic iona y is gi en by he wo ds k uopščiai su e58, e be à
gis uo i į ai iausi one iniai dialek izmai, p z.: besmagnis ‘ž . besmegenis’ I
‘ž . I 157, he b ideg oom, he p oconsul, I 77, he d agon, he iend, I 132, he d agon.
I 's called he G in a I 186, he Gysakia I 189, he Vb as I Ž . I'm no going o lie o you.
I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha
you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . ė elis II 429; he e a e
many accen ed syllables ha s and ou om he ansposed syllables. The g ea
alue o he wo d […] illus a i e sen ences. They a e an excellen sou ce o possible
mo phological and syn ac ic esea ch, showing cases o a ious non- ypical
mo phological o ms o he common language, syn ac ic connec ions. W i en om
a li ing language, he sagas eco d people's li es in a pa icula pe iod: e e yday li e
and es i e de ails, mood and hough dis u bances, hei own iew and e alua ion
o he wo ld, and a e he e o e a new and solid sou ce o esea che s in p agma ics, e hnology, and e en e hnog aphy.
E e y new dic iona y is a con ibu ion o he s udy o he heo y and p ac ice o
lexicog aphy. Fo example, he e iewed dic iona y con ains a numbe o wo ds
wi h mul iple meanings, especially e bs, some o which ha e mo e han a dozen
meanings (e.g., d[…] i, d[…]da, d[…]jo I 116 […] six een; e i, e a (ena), jo I 153154 i een;
ma ied, ma ied, ma ied II 431 […] wel e). I should be no ed ha Vanagienė
success ully sol ed he p oblems o ilia ion and polysemy o meanings and
homonymy. Only one o he speci ic case is unde discussion, o example, he
polysemic lexeme panlė meaning ‘1. see pa ag aphs 1 and 2 one o he columns o
which he oll II 18 is a ached could be ea ed as a pai o homonyms; i is
necessa y o conside whe he a sec is o he ype o ba lis ‘1. o namen al,
highly poisonous medicinal plan , ku pelė; The second dem. see pa ag aph 1 […] I 51
o he o de o signi icance. Pe haps he o mula ion o some de ini ions
p o ides mo e oppo uni ies o discussion. o a ious easons […] he adequacy
o he de ini ion o he lemos meaning, he uni o m in e p e a ion o he
meanings o he absolu e synonyms p esen ed in he dic iona y, he equency o
galima ikslin i, pa yzdžiui, pa šelái is ‘pa šas’ II 25 – iksliau eikšmę a liep ų
he use o he lexeme o he ambigui y o he meaning chosen o he de ini ion,
e c. […] some de ini ions would be desc ip i e de ini ions and o diminu i es
([…]kiaulių jauniklis[…] […]pa šelis[…]); paliepà ‘ap aka II 13, dselė ‘ edega I 115 […] he
lexemes gi en in he de ini ions a e a he a e uses, mo e like desc ip i e ype
de ini ions (plg. LKŽe); he bucke is a small package I 43 excess de ini ion,
su icien package; e[…] onas […]ka delis[…] I 153 and Ei ono ykš ės […]da želiniai
ka deliai[…] I 153 […] a e gi en di e en de ini ions o synonyms o he same
eali y ( he e is no opposi ion be ween eali ies: species); I 65 […] no a p ecise
de ini ion, acco ding o which he p oblem o iden i y he eali y (o dina y heigh )? Thus, he issues o de ini ions and imp o emen could ecei e he a en ion o lexicog aphy heo is s.
Bi u ė Vanagienė
Šiau ės aka ų žemaičių žodynas:
Ylakių, Lenkimų, Mosėdžio, Skuodo, Šačių apylinkių šnek os
Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews
In summa y, i can be s a ed ha he e iewed dic iona y is pa icula ly
p o essionally p epa ed, mee s high academic s anda ds, and ully illus a es he
si ua ion o he schola s o he second hal o he wen ie h cen u y in he
no he n pa o he Wes e n Highlands. The ichness and eliabili y o he
ma e ial make i unique and highly a ac i e o schola s in a a ie y o ields: i is
needed no only by schola s in he ields o lexicology, ph asology, mo phology,
syn ax, lexicog aphy, e hnolinguis ics, o o he dialec ology. Ano he g oup o
eade s was wai ing o him people om ha egion. Because he da a eco ded
in he dic iona y a e hose o he local dialec s, which ha e a pa icula ly s ong
social appeal, a e widely used in p o e bs, in some social, cul u al ields […] and in
w i en o m. The wo d is undoub edly necessa y no only as a sou ce o he
lexicon o he No he n Lowland slang o he second hal o he 20 h cen u y, bu
also as a di e se da abase o he li ing language o ha pe iod, o he
appea ance o which we ha e o hank no only he au ho o he dic iona y, bu
also all en husias s o dic iona y publica ion, especially he his o ian o
li e a u e, he ounde o he dic iona y, Bi u Vanagienė. I is a pi y ha he
au ho he sel did no ecei e he publica ion o he opus magnus, bu wi h his
ou s anding wo k, he scien is made sense o he en i e li e, he language, and buil a monumen o he language o he na i e land.
Deli e ed on 6 June 2016
JŪRATĖ LUBIENĖ
Klaipėdos uni e si e as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
6 This is exac ly wha Gied ius Subačius called he dic iona y.