S aipsniai / A icles 205
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
Lie u os edukologijos uni e si e as
Di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch: dialec ology and mo phology.
Eas e n Highlands
No he n Highlands
The enginee
TYPE OF LINK AND J[…] The ype o link is no speci ied.
O he ends
Noun Declension Types in he Eas e n
Aukš ai ian Subdialec o No he n
Pane ėžiškiai and he Tendencies o Thei
Change o
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The eas e n high- ise no he n pane ėžys landscaping sys em is e y poo ly s udied. In
gene al, no de ailed mo phological esea ch o his ad ice has been published so a .
Analyzing and desc ibing he in e ac ion o eas e n highland no he n pane ėžys, i s
ypes and condi ions o ope a ion, is based on he me hods o na u al mo phology
esea ch. The synch onous me hod was de eloped in 1977 by Aleksei Gi dens and Albe
Rosin. Applying he maximum me hod, he hie a chical g ouping o he no he n pane ėžys'
ad ice in o lexiona y classes was ca ied ou o de e mine he ypes o a icula ion o
objec wo ds.
Names o wo ds: no he n pane ėžys, na u al mo phology, s one objec s,
hie a chy o s ones.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The noun declension sys em o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec o No he n
Pane ėžys has no been ho oughly s udied. Gene ally speaking, he e a e no
comp ehensi e s udies add essing he mo phology o his subdialec .
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 206 LXXV is he i s o i s kind in Li huania.
The analysis and desc ip ion o he in e ac ion o s ems in he Eas e n Aus onesian
Subdialec o No he n Pane ėžiškiai, i s ypes and condi ions eso o he Na u al Mo -
phylology esea ch me hods. Nouns a e analyzed using he synch onic me hod, i s
p oposed by Gi donis and Rosinas in 1977. The hie a chical clus e ing o in lec ional
o he No he n Pane ėžiškiai Subdialec was pe o med and noun declension ypes we e
classes de e mined using he maximum me hod.
KEYWORDS: No he n Pane ėžys Subdialec , Na u al Mo phology, noun
s ems, s em hie a chy. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his.
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.
The sys em o g amma o Li huanian wo ds is conside ed o ha e been in en ed
čia a chajiškiausia iš isų daba inių gy ų indoeu opiečių kalbų, eigia Zig-
mas Zinke ičius (1980: 185). Pi mą ka ą daik a a džių linksnia imas ap a-
in 1653 in he i s p in ed g amma o he Li huanian language by he g amma
G amma ica Li anica. Tuome Danielius Kleinas daik a a džius suski s ė į pen-
o he g amma o he g amma o he g amma o he g amma o he
g amma o he g amma o he g amma o he g amma o he g amma o
he g amma o he g amma o he g amma o he g amma o he g amma
o he g amma . Much la e , in 1922, Jonas Jablonskis also dis inguished i e
pleasan ies in he g amma o he Li huanian language. Unlike D. Klein, he mos impo an indica o was he chee ulness o he one-wo d su name by J. Jablonskis.
We ind a sys em o Li huanian language wo ds and ph ases compiled by J. Jablonski in he
Li huanian language g amma published in 1965 (Ul ydas, ed. 1965). I p o ides mo e de ailed
desc ip ions o amusemen pa ks, emphasizing no only he cha ac e is ics o he indi idual
ienaskai os a dininko, be i ienaskai os kilmininko galūnių eikšmė links-
niuo ei nus a y i.
Daba inės lie u ių kalbos g ama ikoje (2005: 68–81) ap ašomos penkios links-
niuo ės: (i)a, (i)u, (i)o, ė i i. Kiek ienos linksniuo ės linksnia imo pa adigmos
amusemen pa ks. This classi ica ion is no only mo e de ailed han D. Klein's sys em o
chee leading, bu also simple : o de e mine chee ulness, one chee leade om a mul i-accoun
is enough. Linguis s Aleksas Gi denis and Albe as Rosinas p o ide a e y di e en classi ica ion
o amusemen ypes using na u al mo phology me hods. Thei cu en di ec ion and s uc u al
endencies in languages in gene al, and speci ic p ocesses o change in di e en languages, a e
1 Šis me odas kilo i ypač išpli o Vokie ijoje i Aus ijoje XX a. 8- o dešim mečio p adžioje. Kal-
pa ly explained by uni e sal p inciples o na u alness.
A icles o he 207 h
Ry ų aukš aičių šiau inių pane ėžiškių
daik a a džio linksnia imo ipai i jų ki imo endencijos
mone (Gi denis, Rosinas 1977: 338), adicinė, a ba sąlyginė, daik a a džių
In his s udy, each class o exchange o objec wo ds will be compa ed wi h all
są eikos, na ū alios linksnia imo ipų klasi ikacijos. Be o, i ian daik a a -
džius adiciniu būdu, nea siž elgiama į jų giminės, o mų panašumą. Taigi
o he classes o exchange, he numbe o coinciding endings o he exchange
will be explained, he equency o consump ion will be calcula ed om he le .
Adelia Valeckienė (1998) c ea ed a sys em o he app oxima ion o a noun o he
heo y o na u al mo phology. I s classi ica ion akes in o accoun he
simila i ies be ween he pa adigms. Acco ding o Kalbininkė, some di e en
kamienų daik a a džiai u i panašias galūnių sis emas, o ka ais a i kščiai –
nouns o he same oo ha e di e en endings (1998:319). In gene al, he e a e
qui e a ew wo ks ha a e in ended o he ad ice o b eede s (Kačiuškienė's
2000, 2006; Ga š a 1982, 2000; Ručinskai ė 1984 i k .), daug apibend inamo-
ma e ial is gi en in he wo ks o Z. Zinke ičius (1966, 1975). Ne e heless, i mus
be said ha almos all linguis s we e mainly in e es ed in he phone ics o he
Pane ėžys, wi h only one o he wo k de o ed o mo phology (Šlia as 1974,
Vidugi is 1964).
Thus, he heo y o na u al mo phology based on he esea ch o he eas e n
highlands no he n pane ėžys pa a mė objec name encoding sys em has no ye
been published2. This a icle, based on he heo e ical p o isions o na u al
mo phology, will desc ibe he di e en g ades o he a o emen ioned adjec i es,
ema, pa eik a kamienų klasi ikacija. Ji bus suda oma a siž elgian ne ik į ga-
bu also he accen ed and mo phological a ia ions in he mo phemes. he
Nuo įp as os ( adicinės) klasi ikacijos ši ski sis uo, kad ypa ingas dėmesys bus
ski iamas leksijų panašumams pa adigmose, bus bandoma iš yškin i daik a-
di e si y o su names.
2 Me hods o na u al mo phology we e used by A. Rosinas and A. Gi denis (Gi denis, Rosinas; Rosinas
1994, 1977: 5751, 764783), when s udying he hie a chy o common Li huanian, some lowe dialec s o he
La ian language and dialec s o he language. He is also he au ho o Au imas Ma ke ičius's s udy o
he no he n ligh s (Ma ke ičius A. The un o he ligh s in he ligh s and i s his o y. Doc o al
disse a ion. Fun and i s his o y. Monog aph. Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y P ess, 2009), as well as Auš a
Vilnius: Vilniaus uni e si e o leidykla, 2008; Ma ke ičius A. Šiau inių ši in iškių daik a a džio
Kaika y 's s udy o he Joniškio linking sys em (Kaika y ė A. Joniškio's linking sys em o he ligh s in
he ligh s and i s his o y). See also Sa ickienė, Kazlauskienė, Kamanduly ė 2004: 81 and he li e a u e
e e ed o he ein; he heo y i sel : Wu zel 1984.
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
208 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXV
The TYRIMAS
Se e al asks a e posed in he s udy: 1) o in es iga e he ypes and hie a chy
o no he n pane ėžys' spelling o wo ds; (2) o demons a e ha he e is no
only a condi ional bu also a na u al o de o occu ence o he wo ds in he
opinion in ques ion; 3) o indica e he ends in he change o eas e n high- ise
no he n pane ėžysky buildings.
The empi ical ma e ial. Mos o he audio esea ch ma e ial was collec ed by he
au ho o he a icle (25 hou s), he o he pa was aken om he Ta mių
a chi e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e (6 hou s). The ollowing no he n
panegy ic poin s a e s udied: Jonišklio, Ju gėnų, Pùmpėnų, Pãs alio, Salõčių,
Geidžinų, Gailiónių. The esea ch ma e ial consis s o abou a hund ed pages o
iš ink i isi daik a a džiai (iš iso 4961), ku ie suski s y i i suskaičiuo i pagal
kamienus (ā kamieno daik a a džių as a 832, ā kamieno – 197 , a kamieno –
ansc ibed spoken ex s. O hese, 1891, u s one […] 92, […] a2 s one […] 799, i s one […] 46, im s one […] 17, Cm
kamieno – 59, C kamieno – 25, ē kamieno – 903), giminę, skaičių, linksnį i
ki čia imo ipus (ba i oninį i oksi oninį).
The ollowing c i e ia and condi ions shall be used o de e mine he ype o
en ichmen : Di e en ypes o wo ds a e de e mined by phonology, no
phone ics. Fo example, he sounds o he no he n Pane ėžys daik a a ds
š.k šakai and duõbẹ duobei galūnė a e conside ed posi ional a ian s o he
same phoneme (also plg. ši in iškių žõ·lý. žolę and .ki. akį).
2. The spelling o he wo ds a e de e mined on he basis o he p e e ence o he bene icia y o he
mul i-coun , he p e ix […] o he holde o he mul i-coun . 3. The no he n panels a e cha ac e ized
by a pa icula ly s ong unk, bu also by a long, s u dy unk, no only in o he long, bu also in o
ja, be o, eikia isuo inio ki čio a i aukimo dėsnis ( . y. a i aukiama ne ik
he sho skele on, e.g. wi e·nъ […]mona[…], dinъs […]dienas[…], às[…] […] asa[…], kà e […]ka ė[…]. Fo
his eason, he combina ion o he pa adigms o occi onic and ba i one chi ping leads o a lo o
sync e ic chee s. Thus, in his wo k, he ba i one sc a ching objec s will be used o de e mine he
keys. Oxygena ed 3G. The eas e n highlands, no he n highlands, and sou he n highlands o he
Va ėnos slopes we e de e mined based solely on he wo ds o he Occi an insc ip ion. The se e ed
limbs o no he n gi a es a e be e p ese ed han he uncu ones. In addi ion, he long-s anding
non-sc ip u al wo ds o he Occi an sc ip in he Va ena dialec a e chosen because o he
well- ep esen ed pa adigm o sc ip s (Ka aciejū ė 2011: 315). The sou he n high-pi ched limbs hold
balsius umpina iki umpųjų i eikia sąlyginis ki čio a i aukimas (Ma ke ičius 2006: 436).
well, and wo ds a e in many cases p onounced as in common pa lance. Some imes he place o he
in e sec ion o he app oach may be di e en , because he wo ds belong o o he in e sec ions
and new in e sec ion pa e ns ha e o med, e.g. pl as
[…]ply às[…], s ɔ·gùs […]s ógus[…] and he like (LKTCh 2004: 81).
A icles o he T ea y
Ry ų aukš aičių šiau inių pane ėžiškių
daik a a džio linksnia imo ipai i jų ki imo endencijos
The examples o nouns a e gi en o compa ison only, i.e. o show he
simila i ies be ween he wo ypes o c ossing. The esul s a e gi en in he
1 LENTELĖ. Ba i oninio i oksi oninio ki čia imo ski umai šiau inių pane ėžiškių
i s able. in ad ice45
Vienaskai a Daugiskai a
Ba i one
ba i one
and oc a e
and oc a e
ba i one
ba i one
and oc a e
and oc a e
ba i one and oc a e ba i one and oc a e ba i one and oc a e ba i one and oc a e ba i one
N. o he genus Šakó·m
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing.
O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
V . sá. socie y daõ· V . sá.ujós daõ·
ē he s ones which a e used in he cons uc ion o buildings
I 's called he s one. I 's
called he s one.
V . ọ.ь4 daŋg. i
he s ones
N. á.n ẹm .n ẹm5a .m. Įn. (sọ)á.n ẹm (sọ).n ẹm (sọ)a .m No e ha acco ding o he
ype o c ossing, he ou kamins (ā, ā, ē and u) do no ma ch he le o ms o he
single- and mul i-kamins subs i u e (in he kamins only one-kamins); wo kamien (ā
and i ) o ms o he plu al bene icia y and only one di e ence is ound be ween
he i kamien p eposi ions (no coinciding wi h he plu al bene icia y o m).
I is impo an o no e ha he im, Cm and C s one wo ds in he no he n Pane ėžys dialec
a e only occi ic spellings ( àj, àkmọ, dk ẹ). The e a e no ba i one c osswo d puzzles o hese
s ones. The single Cm s one wo d mnō 4 Daik a a dis u gus is he e o mally assigned o he u
s one, bu only he single-syllable kilminko links ha e e ained he end o his s one, e.g. ọ.gọs
u gaus and a y o. E e yone else has happily mo ed in o a s one.
5
The wo d "daik a a dis" in he no he n Pane ėžys dialec is assigned o he ype o s one i ,
bu appa en ly his s one is a mix u e wi h he e s one (plg. ns. he o igin. […] and […]; he
ollowing pa ag aph is added: use. á.n ẹ / .n ẹ „ančiai“ i b. ẹ „bi ei“; he dgs. use. […] and […] and
[…] and […] and […]; he dgs. I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do i , bu I'm going o do i . In some
cases, he mu mu ing oice o he on ow can co espond o bo h e and i o he end o he s one.

RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
210 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV
„mėnuo“ ik ienaskai os a dininko linksnyje išlaikė šio kamieno o mą. Vi-
The es o us wen o he 2nd loo . Howe e , again, due o he educ ion o he
gallbladde and he wi hd awal o he uni e sal incision, he wo ds o he oxy ocin
incision a e b oken in o shaks ( a […] […] agis[…], (swo) […] a […] […]su agimi[…],
akmènu […]akmen[…], […]a[…] […]a is[…], (swo) […]à[…] […]su a imi[…], e c.), so hey we e also used in he s udy.
4. I he no he n Pane ėžys wo ds ha e wo o mo e pa allel links o ms ( o example,
d[…].k e ẹ and d[…].k e[…]y […]duk e iai[…]), he s one is no ound in he lis o
u laikoma dažnesnė o ma. Wol gango Ul icho Wu zelio eigimu, okiais
a ejais, kai žodis iš ka o gali bū i linksniuojamas ne pagal ieną ipą, su-
sida o papildomosios (komplemen inės) leksinės klasės (Wu zel 1984: 127).
addi ional lexional classes o he Tokian. A e analyzing he empi ical ma e ial, i was
no iced ha he e a e no […]u and […]a1 s one wo ds in he no he n Pane ėžys ad ice.
They a e named a e […]a2 kamieną, plg. k[…]. […] […]kelias[…], b o[…][…] […]b o he […],
spi[…] […]spiečis[…] (spiečius), á.m[…] […]amžis[…] (amžius). The ollowing species a e
included in his ca ego y: Aedes aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aedes aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aedes
aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aedes aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aedes aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aedes
aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aegyp i (C. aegyp i),
Aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aegyp i (C. aegyp i), Aegyp i (Cyp i) and
Aegyp i (Cyp i) The ollowing a e he 2 LENTEL pa adigms o all s one objec names.
Ba i one c osswo d puzzles a e a pa adigm shi in he wo ding o wo ds.
(a ski ai ba i oninio i – palyginimui – oksi oninio ki čia imo).
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
K. o which:
N. · ъ · am
G. V. R. V. R. S.
The company O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
I'm no su e i I'm going o be able o do
i , bu I'm going o do i . Wha 's he ma e wi h you?
A icles A icles
Ry ų aukš aičių šiau inių pane ėžiškių
daik a a džio linksnia imo ipai i jų ki imo endencijos
A icles 211 and 210.
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. p. e p. e us, also known as V. p.
K. o he p […]e us o he p […]e u
N. o he species
G. p. p. p. company "I'm going o ell you wha
I'm going o ell you". ♪ Oh, my God! ♪ Oh, my
God!
e he s ones
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. b. e
K. b. ẹs
N. b. ẹ
G. b. in he
Law. (speaking) […]b[…]. […]
I 's no like I don'
know wha I'm doing.
i he s ones
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
I'm no going o be able o do i .
I'm no going o be able o do i .
I'm no going o be able o do i .
G. á.nь / .nьá.nь / .nь
Įn. (sọ)‿á.nь / (sọ)‿.nь(sọ)‿á.n ẹm / (sọ)‿.n ẹm
V . – –
I'm no going o lie o you.
a2 kamienas
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. b o he and sis e
K. b o he b o he
N. o a kind used o mo o ehicles
G. The B o he hood.
(speaking) b o he -in-law b o he -in-law
See also […] Sh.
b o[…]! My b o he !
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
212 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXV
O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. he ollowing able is inse ed:
K. and J. and J.
I'm no going o do i .
The company is owned by
G.S.O.L. I'm no going o do i . I'm no going o do i .
I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you.
[…] in he s ones
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. whe e […]. whe e […].
K. ọ.gọs ọ.gu
N. ọ.gъ ọ.gam
The company is loca ed in
he municipali y o G. ọ.gọ ọ.gъs. I'm no going o do i . I'm no going o do i .
V . ọ.j ep ọ.ga/an ọ.gọs ọ.gọ ep ọ.gu Sh. ––
3 LENTEL[…]. Wha is i ? The pa adigm o oxy onic c osswo d puzzles6789 a
s one
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic by popula ion densi y.
I'm no going o do i . I'm no going o do i .
N. o which:
G. .e.k.k. .e.k.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s.
.e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s.
.e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e.k.s. .e. is he name o he game ha is being played by he eam. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you.
Š. ọ.k9!ọ.k!
6 The no he n panels use bo h o ms in pa allel. The second one ([…]ọ.kъs) is mo e common in he
speech o ep esen a i es o he olde gene a ion.
7 The iliac al e is no included in he sys em o join s. In he empi ical ma e ial, only nine o hese occu ,
e.g. (į) pl· inẹ p .jẹme ọkolk.zan nep .jime (Jonišklis); I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e
wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
How much is i ? How much is i ? How much is i ? They don' p o ide weigh ed esul s o he s udy. The
Iliad was used by chance by ep esen a i es o he olde gene a ion.
8 The i s , usual (and no p e e ed) o m o he subs i u e is used o coun he ma ching
joys icks.
9 In he a ea o he no he n pane ėžys, he o m o he a che wi h -ai, which ends up
displacing he olde o m om he o osens (plg. ns. š. […].k[…] […] ilkai[…], no i[…]ke).
A icles o he T ea y
Ry ų aukš aičių šiau inių pane ėžiškių
daik a a džio linksnia imo ipai i jų ki imo endencijos
10
a2 kamienas
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. a. o climb
I'm no going o lie o you.
N. o he species
The company is egis e ed
in he Ne he lands. I'm no going o ell you wha I'm going o do.
See also UK. I 's no like
I'm going o be able o do i .
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
I 's called V. Shakush.
K. shell shell
N. shell ish
The company is owned
by M . Š.ko Šákus. I'm going o ell you wha I'm going o ell you.
I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I
don' know wha I'm doing.
O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel
VIENASKAITA DAUGISKAITA
V. o he
K. o gi e o gi e
N. o d[…]. o d[…]
G. d.l. gi es o he
company. I'm no going o lie o you.
V . daõ·daõ·j e.g. a kly, ožy, b o he . This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his wo d. In he ad ice o
Š. *d.ь!dọs!
10 Bend inėje kalboje įp as a a2 kamieno šauksmininko galūnė y a -y (oksi onų) a ba -i (ba i onų),
he no he n pane ėžys, ins ead o he […]a2 s one, he […]a2 s one is used and he s one shoo e
wi h he galūne -au (á. […]ọ […]a kliau[…], b ó·ọ […]b oliau[…], k[…].[…]ọ […]kiškiau[…]).
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
220 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV he pa allel o he ā and he ā s onewa e
i miš iojo (aks, ags, akmuõ, duk ). 1 pa eiksle ma y i yški mo e iškojo links-
ype, hei simila i y index is 11.3. The a and u s ones o he male chee leading also
o m a sepa a e b anch, hei simila i y index is sligh ly lowe […] 8.1. As al eady
men ioned, he […]a2 s one has a simila ela ionship o bo h masculine and
mixed- ype objec i i y, so i seems o occupy an in e media e posi ion (e.g. he
simila i y index o […]a2 and a s one is 7, […]a2 and he simila i y index o […]7.3). The
appa en simila i y o he mixed ligh ing ype o s ones (i and im s ones ha e a
simila i y index o as much as 11,4; im and Cm s ones ha e a simila i y index o […]
9,2; i and C s ones ha e a simila i y index o […] 8,6).
The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Regula ion:
1. The o de o occu ence o he ypes o na u al no he n pane ėžys'
adjec i es acco ding o hei simila i y is as ollows: ā, ā, a, u, a2, i , im, Cm,
C , ē. The e a e h ee g oups o no he n Pane ėžys s one ools: male (a and
u s one ools), emale (ā and ā s one ools) and mixed (im, i , Cm, C ). The mos
dis inc i e ea u e is he e-s one, which is mo e closely ela ed o masculine
and mixed-gende euphemisms han o eminine euphemisms. All ypes o
emale, male, and mixed chee leading a e cha ac e ized by a g adual
app oxima ion.
3.1. ha e a high simila i y index and a e close o mixed unny wo ds i
and im, emale unny wo ds ā and ā, male unny wo ds a and u.
3.2. The no he n panels o emale amusemen pa ks a e di ided in o wo
g oups: he e-amusemen pa ks ha e mo e common ends wi h he male and
mixed amusemen pa ks, and he ā and ā pa ks in gene al a e qui e a om
all o he pa ks. Unlike he o he ecommenda ions discussed, he no he n
pane ėžys […]a2 s one is loca ed in he middle be ween he male and mixed
ypes o climbing. […]a2 s ones a e associa ed wi h bo h masculine and mixed
chee ul objec wo ds in almos he same way (e.g. […]a2 and a s ones ha e a
simila i y index o 7.3; […]a2 and u s ones ha e a simila i y index o […]6, […]a2
and im ha e a simila i y index o 7.5; […]a2 and Cm ha e a simila i y index o
[…]7,2). 4. he hie a chical g ouping o he ypes o no he n pane ėžys,
compa ed wi h he hie a chical g ouping o he ypes o no he n b eeding
ees (Gi denis, Rosinas: 1977), no he n b eeding ees (Ma ke ičius: 2006),
common languages (Gi denis, Rosinas: 1977), Va ėnõs (Ka aciejū ė 2011),

S aipsniai / A icles 221
Ry ų aukš aičių šiau inių pane ėžiškių
daik a a džio linksnia imo ipai i jų ki imo endencijos
is sligh ly lowe . Indexes o simila i y o ypes o en e ainmen in Ghana
show a mu ual app ochemen o he pa adigms o b igh no he n
pane ėžys ic objec s.
LITERATŪRA
DLKG – Daba inės lie u ių kalbos g ama ika. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos
ins i u as, 2005.
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e si e o leidykla.
Ga š a Kazimie as 1982b: S a besnės šiau ės aka ų pane ėžiškių onologijos
ypa ybės. – Bal is ica 18(1), 65–75.
Ga š a Kazimie as 2000: Šiau ės aka ų pane ėžiškių „mu mamieji balsiai“. –
Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 43, 165–175.
Gi denis Aleksas, Rosinas A lbe as 1977: Lie u ių kalbos daik a a džio links-
nia imo ipų hie a chija i pag indinės jos ki imo endencijos (bend inės kalbos i že-
maičių a mės duomenimis). – Bal is ica 13(2), 338–348.
Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2000: Neki čiuo ų i/u i e/o a ojimas Joniškėlio i Pa-
k uojo apylinkių išliuose eks uose. – Bal u iloloģija 9, 25–31.
Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2006: Šiau ės pane ėžiškių a mės onologijos b uožai.
Mokslinė monog a ija. Vilnius: Vilniaus uni e si e o leidykla.
Kaika y ė Auš a 2010: Joniškio šnek os daik a a džio linksnia imo sis ema. Dak a o
dise acija. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as.
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a chija. – Li uanis ica 57, 3(85), 314–324.
K uopas Jonas ( ed.) 1957: Pi moji lie u ių kalbos g ama ika. Vilnius: Vals ybinė po-
li inės i mokslinės li e a ū os leidykla.
LKE – Lie u ių kalbos enciklopedija. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins-
i u as, 1999.
LKG – Lie u ių kalbos g ama ika 1. Fone ika i mo ologija (daik a a dis, būd a dis, skai-
a dis, į a dis). Vilnius: Min is, 1965.
LKTCh – Lie u ių kalbos a mių ch es oma ija. Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u o leidy-
kla, 2004.
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
222 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXV
Ma ke ičius Au imas 2006: Šiau inių ši in iškių daik a a džio kamienai i jų
hie a chija. – Bal is ica 41(3), 435–450.
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ch onija i diach onija. Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as.
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ipų hie a chija. – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 24, 112–117.
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Noun Declension Types in he Eas e n
Aukš ai ian Subdialec o No he n
Pane ėžiškiai and he Tendencies o Thei
Change
SUMMARY
The nouns o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian Subdialec o No he n Pane ėžiškiai we e ana-
lysed using he synch onic me hod i s p oposed by Gi denis and Rosinas in 1977. Each
noun declension class was jux aposed o all o he declension classes; he numbe o co-
inciding case endings was examined; he equency o he usage o cases was calcula ed.
The esea ch made he ollowing indings:
1. The na u al o de o he noun declension ypes o he No he n Pane ėžiškiai Sub-
dialec by simila i y is as ollows: ā, ā, a, u, a2, i , im, Cm, C , ē.
S aipsniai / A icles 223
Ry ų aukš aičių šiau inių pane ėžiškių
daik a a džio linksnia imo ipai i jų ki imo endencijos
2. The noun declension s ems in he No he n Pane ėžiškiai Subdialec all in o h ee
g oups: masculine (a and u s em nouns), eminine (ā and ā s em nouns) and mixed (im, i ,
Cm, C ); ē s em which is mo e app oxima e o he nouns o masculine and mixed declension
a he han eminine declension s ems s ands ou om o he s ems.
3. G adual app oxima ion is cha ac e is ic o all declensional ypes o nouns in he sub-
dialec unde analysis – eminine, masculine and mixed.
3.1. S ems i and im o mixed declension nouns, s ems ā and ā o eminine declension
nouns, s ems a and u o masculine declension nouns a e closely linked and show a high
simila i y index.
3.2. S ems o eminine declension nouns o he No he n Pane ėžiškiai Subdialec all
in o wo g oups: ē s em nouns sha e mo e endings wi h he s ems o masculine and mixed
declension, whe eas ā and ā s ems a e gene ally mo e emo e o all o he s ems.
3.3. In con as o o he subdialec s analysed be o e, he s em a2 o he No he n
Pane ėžiškiai Subdialec alls in be ween masculine and mixed ypes o declension. The
linkage be ween he s em a2 and masculine and mixed declension nouns is nea ly iden i-
cal (c .: a2 and a s em simila i y index s ands a 7.3; a2 and u s em simila i y index is 6.2;
a2 and im simila i y index is 7.5; a2 and Cm simila i y index is 7.3).
4. Compa ed o he dend og ams o hie a chical clus e ing o declension ypes o
Ti kšliai (Gi denis, Rosinas: 1977), No he n Ši in iškiai (Ma ke ičius: 2006), s an da d
language (Gi denis, Rosinas: 1977), Va ėna (Ka aciejū ė 2011), he dend og am o he
hie a chical clus e ing o declension ypes o he No he n Pane ėžiškiai Subdialec is
sligh ly lowe . Ra he high declension ype simila i y indices show e iden app oxima ion
o noun pa adigms in he No he n Pane ėžiškiai Subdialec .
Deli e ed on 17 Ap il 2016
RASA KURKAUSKIENĖ
Lie u os edukologijos uni e si e as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop
delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.