S aipsniai / A icles 51
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
Mokslinių y imų k yp is: leksika.
The Sla ic Roo s
O he uses JONO
The Gospel o John
Poland and Li huania 1647,
1674, 1679, 1690 and 1705
O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
Al e na ion o Sla ic- oo wo ds in Ewangelie
Polskie y Li ewskie by Jonas Jakna ičius om
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 and 1705
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The a icle compa es he i s i e edi ions o he Polish and Li huanian Gospels by Jono
Jaknawicki. The use o wo ds o ano he Sla ic oo is in es iga ed. I has been obse ed
ha in J. Jaknawicia's Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie he e a e di e en cases o Kele iopi
wo ds: in la e edi ions, bo owings a e used no only in place o indigenous wo ds, bu also in
he posi ion o o he wo ds o o eign o igin. The e a e also places whe e in la e edi ions
he wo d indigenous was used ins ead o loanwo d.
The main wo ds a e: Jakna ičius, bo owings, indigenous wo ds, lexicon, old w i ings.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
In he a icle i s i e edi ions o Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie by Jonas Jakna ičius a e
compa ed. I is analyzed how Sla ic- oo wo ds usage was changing. All cases o al e na ion
o wo ds in Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie can be classi ied: 1. Wo d o o eign o igin in la e
edi ions o JE is eplaced by indigenous wo d; Indigenous wo d in la e edi ions is w i ings.
eplaced by wo d o o eign o igin; 3. Loanwo d is eplaced by o he loanwo d.
KEYWORDS: Jakna ičius, loanwo ds, indigenous wo ds, ocabula y, old
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
52 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
o he T ea y
He is he au ho o a ious eligious hymns, ca eche ical books, La in p ose, and
p obably ansla ed in o Li huanian exce p s om some o he Gospels o he
se mons o Cons an ine he G ea (VLE VIII, 477), bu he acsimile o his Gospel
žymiausias jo da bas y a e angelijų e imas, išleis as inkinyje Ewangelie Pols-
kie y Li ewskie. Šis inkinys ypa ingas uo, kad nuo 1647 m., kai bu o išleis-
as pi mą ka ą, jo leidimai bu o ka o i dešim is ka ų da kelis šim mečius
(Zinke ičius 1988: 269). Šis ak as byloja apie nepap as ą Ewangelie Polskie y
Li ewskie populia umą. Vis dėl o, palygin i su ki ais lie u ių kalbos senaisiais
aš ais, J. Jakna ičiaus e angelijos mažai y inė os. Daugiausiai šio au o iaus
da bus nag inėjo Milda Lučinskienė, 2005 m. pa engusi pi mojo J. Jakna i-
edi ion wi h in oduc o y a icles, p esen ing he au ho 's biog aphy and
li e a y ac i i ies, aises he p oblem o ansla ion sou ces, discusses 1647
e angelicals (Lučinskienė, 2005). The au ho has al eady s udied he 1647 and 1674
edi ions o he Polish and Li huanian Gospels by J. Jakowicz, and a e compa ing
he g aphics and o hog aphy o he a ious edi ions, she came o he conclusion
ha he 1674 edi ion was w i en o pass o he mo e equen sampling
(Luchinskienė 2003) and o co ec he eas e n highland dialec o ms
(Luchinskienė 2001). M. Lučinskienė has ocused no only on he spelling and
ocabula y o J. Jakna ičius in di e en publica ions, bu also on he
mo phological o ms o he wo d. I has been obse ed ha he mos unusual
mul i-coun bene icia ies a e he pos posi ional subs i u es (Lučinskienė 1998). In
addi ion o his, he e is a join a icle wi h A u Južensky, in which he discusses
sakinių lyginamosios kons ukcijos (Judžen is, Lučinskienė 2008).
Minė uose M. Lučinskienės y imuose jau a k eip as dėmesys į o og a i-
he publica ion in 1647 o he publica ion o he singula and compound nouns, some
mo phological o ms, and he o ic. Leksika is he mos uns able pa o he
language, mos likely eac ing o changes in a ious a eas o human li e. As pa
o he lexicon, bo owing is also in luenced by ex e nal ac o s, and he in ensi y
o bo owing depends on hem (U bu is 1978: 28). The i s edi ion o he Polish and
Li huanian Gospels (Jewish Edi ion) by J. Jakowicz, as men ioned, is adi ionally
da ed o 1647, al hough he e a e specula ions ha he i s edi ion may ha e
asis pasi odė kele i me ai po J. Jakna ičiaus mi ies – 1674 m. ( oliau JEII),
appea ed as ea ly as 1637 o e en as la e as 1635. The i s […] in 1679 (JEIII), he ou h […] in 1690 (JEIV), he i h […]
1705 m. ( oliau JEV) i . . Gausūs J. Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
leidimai y a pa ankūs i i kalbos kai ai: ame pačiame eks e, leidžiamame ke-
lių dešim mečių ski umu, gali a sispindė i kai ku ie kalbos pokyčiai. XVII a.
J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J.
J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J.
A icles by A icles 53
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. Mos o hem a e
in he second edi ion (Lučinskienė 2005: 19) and qui e a ew a e in he lexicon
(Lučinskienė 2001: 118). The 17 h-cen u y lexicon o Veles is almos iden ical o he
1674 lexicon. The nex b eak h ough came in 1705. In he la e 17 h cen u y, he
1988: 276–277) i ais me ais pasi odžiusios J. Jakna ičiaus e angelijos bu o
Eas e n sc ip was conside ed o be on he b ink o ex inc ion, and he
ėlesniems Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie leidimams (Lučinskienė 2005: 19).
Tu in omenyje J. Jakna ičiaus e angelijų leidimų panašumą i ski umus,
Zinkiewicz ansli e a ion was conside ed o be he middle sc ip . The main
ma e ial o his a icle was collec ed om he i s i e edi ions: 1647, 1674,
hib idai bei jų a ojimas penkiuose pi muosiuose Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie.
Tikslas – nus a y i, kaip ki o skolinių a ojimas J. Jakna ičiaus e angelijų e -
imuose, . y. ku ie skoliniai oje pačioje pozicijoje bu o keis i ki okiais skoli-
1679, 1690 and 1705. The objec o his a icle is o es ablish he ela ionship
be ween Sla icism and he Sla ic oo s in wo ds, hyb ids, sa akilm, and ice
e sa, […] which indigenous wo ds we e eplaced by wo ds o o eign o igin, and
he o igin o hese o he bo owings and ansla ions. The aim was o compa e
he ex s o he Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie published in Li huanian wi h he Polish o iginal p o ided below.
SLAVIZMŲ SAMPRATA
Dėl aiškumo bū ina umpai užsimin i, ku ie sla izmai šiame s aipsnyje
a e conside ed o be polonisms ha a e […] bo owings om Eas e n Sla s o
niais. Įp as a eig i, kad skoliniai – ai į ai ių kon ak ų (ekonominių, kul ū i-
nių, poli inių i . .) me u iš kalbos dono ės į kalbą ecipien ę pe im i kalbos
school elemen s o unce ain o igin (Jakai ienė 2009: 227), mo e o less common o
all languages (Sabaliauskas 1990: 268). Depending on he o igin, bo owings a e
di ided in o bo owings om neighbo ing languages and om dis an languages
h ough in e media e languages, i.e. in e na ional wo ds. The e m polonism is
used no only in he Wes Sla ic dialec s, which ha e en e ed he Li huanian
language di ec ly h ough he Polish language, bu also in he Eas Sla ic
dialec s, i.e. he LDK dialec , whe e he mo phological s uc u e and seman ics
o he dialec a e iden ical o he lexical uni o he Polish language. This
app oach sha pens he line be ween he classi ica ion o in e na ional wo ds
and Sla ic e ms in e ms o he in e p e a ion o he bo owing pa h o he
bo owing language, so he a icle ollows he adi ional opinion ha
bo owings om neighbo ing languages a e examined acco ding o he las
language om which he bo owing came o he ecipien language (Jakai ienė
2009: 231-23). Fo he sake o b e i y, wi hou desc ibing he his o y o neighbo ing Sla ic languages in mo e de ail, i is possible o dis inguish such sou ces o Sla ic Li huanian: he old Russian language, mo e p ecisely, i s wes e n a ian ( he oldes
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
54 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI Li huanian language Sla ic languages, IX[…]XI
cen u y (Būga 1958: 351; LKE 503)), Russian language1 ( om he middle o he 15 h
cen u y), Polish language (old, co e ing he 15 h-16 h cen u y, medie al, used un il
he 18 h cen u y, and cu en Polish language), Polish language dialec s, Bulga ian
language and i s dialec s, Uk ainian language and i s dialec s. The bo owings
om he Russian language, he Old Russian language, and he Polish language
(which co e s he Old and Middle Ages) a e ele an o his a icle. Skoliny,
de i ed di ec ly om Polish, a e called polonisms, om Old Russian and Russian
y ų sla ų. Sla izmai, ku ių šal inis gali bū i a ba lenkų kalba, a ba y ų sla ų
kalbos, adinami neaiškios kilmės sla izmais.
Ti ian sla izmus neiš engiamai susidu iama su hib idais. Tai žodžiai „be
sa o, u in ys i ki ų kalbų nekai ybinių mo emų“ (LKE 2008: 207). Hib i-
dai pap as ai laikomi a pine g andimi a p skolinių i indigenių žodžių (Kei-
[…] skoliny om nys 1984: 117). The e a e ew hyb ids in J. Jakna ičiaus's Gospels,
bu in some cases he de ini ion o he wo d o o eign o igin is much mo e
p ecise han Sla ism, since he la e does no include wo ds con aining
Li huanian-language de i a i es.
Changes in Speech
In he ex s o he edi ions o J. Jakowicz's E angelie Polska i Li ewskae (1664-1679, 1690-1705), he e
a e ce ain illings ha de e mine he di e ence in he numbe o wo ds o o eign o igin in he
indi idual edi ions. The main di e ence is ha he JEI does no ha e a "Li huanian Con ession" o
abou 30 lines in leng h (JEII 219.1; JEIII 219.1; JEIV 225.1; JEV 212.10). In 1674, a pe iscope was added,
dedica ed o S . This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he
O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In addi ion, in he 1705 edi ion, a a he long p aye (JEV
213.6[…]214.28) was added, which con ains jus as many wo ds o o eign o igin. In he i s edi ions o
he Gospels o J. Jakna ičius, wo ds o unusual o eign o igin we e ound: JEI […] 182; JEII […] 182; JEIII
[…] 182; JEIV […] 184; JEV […] 194. Al hough he numbe o wo ds o o eign o igin as uni s is he same in
almos all publica ions, he equency o hei use a ies. This a icle is conce ned wi h only
six y- i e cases, i.e. hose whe e he wo d "indigenous" was used in la e edi ions in he same
posi ion: he Russian language was o iginally used only as a kancelia ine, bu in he middle o he
i een h cen u y i began o be used widely (Temciana, 47), e en in eligious ex s, so he e m
"kancelia ine language" used in Li huanian is no accu a e, because i co e s only one o i s
unc ions. The Russian language is o en e e ed o as he Wes Russian (Wes e n Russian), he Old
Bal ic (Old Bela usian), he Old Li e a y Bal ic (Old Bela usian Li e a y), he Old Uk ainian (Old
Uk ainian), he Old Uk ainian Book (Old Uk ainian Book) o e en he Polish-Bela usian (Old
Polish-Bela usian) language.
A icles by A icles 55
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
eplace he loan o ice e sa, and when one loan is eplaced by ano he . Gana is
o en accompanied by he wo d sa as in he loanwo ds. In he case o he i s
wo cases, he wo d is used in conjunc ion wi h he i s wo cases, and he
wo d is used in conjunc ion wi h he second wo cases, as in he case o he i s
wo cases, he wo d is used in conjunc ion wi h he i s wo cases, and he
wo d is used in conjunc ion wi h he i s wo cases. The ollowing de ini ions o
he noun a e used in he con ex o he p esen -day English wo d: (a) (a), (b), (c),
(d), (e), ( ), (g), (g), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h),
JEII 157,10; magis as (moky ojas) JEI 171,11 > moky ojas JEII 177,11; mis as JEI
106,18, JEI 130,9, JEI 119,2 > moky ojas JEV 109,19, JEV 132,3, JEV 120,23;
nusidėjusieji (g iešnykai) JEI 191,14, JEI 191,23 > nusidėjusieji JEII 197,17, JEII
197,23; nusidėjusioji (g iešnykė) JEI 181,11, JEI 81,24 > nusidėjusioji JEII 187,6,
(h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h),
(h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h), (h ) (i) (i) (i) (i) is he
case o he English wo d. The ollowing de ini ions apply o he use o he e m
"ci y" in he Uni ed Kingdom: (1) "ci y" means a ci y wi hin he Uni ed Kingdom; (2)
"ci y" means a municipali y wi hin he Uni ed Kingdom; (3) "ci y" means a
municipali y wi hin he Uni ed Kingdom; and (4) "ci y" means a municipali y wi hin
he Uni ed Kingdom. This g oup includes he wo ds angel, angel, angel, angel, angel,
angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel,
angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel,
angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, angel.
The cases in ques ion make up only a small pa o he JE lexicon, bu he
a ia ion o he wo ds hemsel es, aking in o accoun hei o igin (indigenous
<> o eign o igin), e eals ha Ms Lučinskienė's asse ion ha he JE lexicon changed mainly in he second edi ion

ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
56 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
o po o – 1705 m. (Lučinskienė 2005, 19; Lučinskienė 2001, 118–119), y a i-
siškai eisingas. Iš isų 65 ki imų a ejų, kai indigenus žodis bu o pakeis as
The wo d " o eign" was used in he i s place, and he wo d " o eign" was used in
he second, and he wo d " o eign" was used in he second, and he wo d " o eign"
in he hi d, and he wo d " o eign" in he ou h, and he wo d " o eign" in he
ou h. Mos likely, such changes we e in luenced by he o iginal ex om which
he Gospels we e ansla ed.
LENKIŠKO ORIGINALO ĮTAKA VERTIMUI
Y a keli spėjimai, iš kokio šal inio J. Jakna ičius galėjo iš e s i e angelijas.
Manoma, kad ai galėjo bū i pada y a iš Jokūbo Wujeko 1620 m. leidinio Ewan-
The Gospel and Epis les, published by J. Jacob Pos il in K akow in 1593, was ep in ed many
imes in 1611, 1616, 1617, 1616, 1637, and 1637. One possible sou ce is 1593. The i s edi ion o
he Gospel o he New Tes amen o Jesus Ch is was published in 1605, 1617, 1621 and 1622.
Thus, JE, like hei possible sou ces, ha e been leaked on mo e han one occasion. The
wo ds o he Polish ex submi ed by he JE we e compa ed wi h he Li huanian
ansla ion in o de o de e mine whe he he wo ding in he second and i h JE
edi ions was di e en om ha in he i s edi ion, esul ing in co ec ions o he
Polish ex (see Table 1).
One LENTEL. In addi ion o he abo e-men ioned easons, he
Ki imas į yko JEII
JEI O iginalas JEII O iginalas JEV O iginalas
Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal
128,17
ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y on he
128,17
Func ioning o he Eu opean Union. e aid is compa ible wi h he
134,13
in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he
134,14
T ea y on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union. e aid is compa ible
130,12
wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o
130,11
he T ea y.
129,13
129,12
135,7
135,10
131,6
131,5
46,15
46,17
50,18
50,18
47,3
46,20
112,19
118,13
118,11
114,10
S aipsniai / A icles 57
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
Ki imas į yko JEII
JEI O iginalas JEII O iginalas JEV O iginalas
166,2
160,16
142,10
147,15
142,15
142,12
147,16
142,16
7,7
7,23
7,16
7,18
172,16
130,19
178,13
178,14
172,18
172,20
Ki imas į yko JEV
JEI O iginalas JEII O iginalas JEV O iginalas
I'm no su e wha
34,4
you' e alking abou ,
37,11
bu I'm no su e wha
34,19
you' e alking abou .
11,11
I'm no su e wha
11,10
you' e alking abou .
11,23
I'm no su e wha
105,10
you' e alking abou .
105,10
110,23
111,1
106,18
106,21
66,13
72,3
72,1
88,24
94,15
mėg i 43,12 upodobać
43,12
mėg i 47,9 upodobać
47,7
pasidabo i
43,24
upodobać
43,16
87,12
88,16
88,16
108,6
113,24
109,19
109,19
mis as 119,2 nauczyciel
119,3
mis as 125,4 nauczyciel
125,4
moky ojas
120,23
nauczyciel
120,25
130,9
136,8
132,3
131,25
10,18
10,16
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
58 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXVI
Ki imas į yko JEV
JEI O iginalas JEII O iginalas JEV O iginalas
110,7
110,8
115,25
116,2
111,21
111,22
pe suna
130,15
osoba 130,16 pe suna
136,13
osoba 136,14 asaba 132,8 osoba 132,6
sėb as 94,8 owa zysz
94,8
sėb as (00,1 owa zysz
100,2
a o ščius
95,17
owa zysz
95,17
95,2
100,21
96,13
96,10
88,25
94,18
94,19
Iš JEI leksinių g e ybių JEII pasi enkamas ienas žodis
JEI O iginalas JEII O iginalas JEV O iginalas
( alanda)
22,20
22,25
adina
(hou ly)
161,22
godzina
161,23
alanda
166,10
godzina
166,10
alanda
160,24
godzina also known as adina godzina
160,21
s one o
(whi e)
193,12
he ock
młyński
193,14
o he
gi nos
199,15
ock o
młyński
199,15
he ock o he ock o he ock o he ock o he ock o he ock o he ock
młyński
193,3
elge au i
(b) he
101,10
żeb ać
ollowing
101,8
able is
zeb a o i
inse ed in
żeb ać zeb a o i żeb ać (whi e) 101,8 zeb a o i żeb ać (whi e) 101,8 zeb a o i żeb ać (whi e) 101,8 zeb a o i żeb ać (whi e) 101,8 zeb a o i żeb ać (whi e)
Annex I o
his
178,23
Ag eemen :
178,21
(i) he
184,22
ollowing
178,18
able is
inse ed in
180,15
Annex I o
180,15
his
186,16
Ag eemen :
180,10
(i) he
ollowing
(zokanas)
196,23
able is
196,27
inse ed in
202,21
Annex I o
196,8
his
Ag eemen :
(c) (b) (d) (e)
152,12)
(i) he
( ) (g) (g) (g)
ollowing
(g) (g) (g) (g)
able is
(g) (g) (g) (g)
inse ed in Annex I o his Ag eemen : (i) he ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I o his Ag eemen :
(g) (g) (g) (g)
( eache )
171,11
(g) (g) (g) (g)
171,17
(g) (g) (g) (g)
177,11
(g) (g) (g) (g)
177,11
(g) (g) (g) (g)
171,14
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (i
171,19 This is no he case.
A icles 59 and 59 o he
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
Iš JEI leksinių g e ybių JEII pasi enkamas ienas žodis
JEI O iginalas JEII O iginalas JEV O iginalas
T ea y on he
(g iešnykai)
191,14
Func ioning o he
191,14
Eu opean Union
197,17,16 191,2
190,26 he
g ie ing
ones he
g ie ing
(b) he
191,23
ones he
ollowing
g ie ing
able is
ones he
inse ed in
g ie ing
Annex I o
ones he g ie ing ones 197
his
Regula ion:
(g iešnykė)
181,1
181,1 187,6
187,5 180,22
180,23
g zesznica
which has
been
(g iešnykė)
181,24
emo ed
181,24 188,2
g zesznica
188,1 181,17
which has
181,18 hell
been
has eached
emo ed g zesznica which has been emo ed g zesznica
hell has
eached
This
200,15 hell
Regula ion
has eached
shall en e
194,3
in o o ce on
he
(app oxima ely)
wen ie h
105,6 105,6 110,19
day ollowing
110,21 106,14 106,17
ha o i s
appea o be
publica ion in
adia ing 130,3 o
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
be communica ing
adia ing 136,3 o
( o be
130,3
be communica ing
called)
adia ing 131,20
136,3 131,22
hou s an
(adj) 27,5 27,6
hou an
29,23 29,23 27,20
hou an
ace o he
hou an
image 131,2 he
hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou an hou
ace o he
image 137,2 he
(b) he ollowing able is
ace o he
inse ed in Annex I: (a)
image 132,19
The numbe o he
membe s o he Boa d
141,26
o Di ec o s o he
141,24
Eu opean Cen al Bank
ie nas ( eisus)
142,1
wie ny
141,26
eisus 147,3 wie ny 147,4 eisus 142,5 wie ny 142,4
iešpa is
shall be: (a) The
In Islam and some o he eligions, a messenge o God, an in e media y be ween God
180,12
gospoda z
membe s o he Boa d
gaspado ius
o Di ec o s o he
gospoda z
Eu opean Cen al Bank
gaspado ius
shall be: (a) The
gospoda z
membe s o he Boa d o Di ec o s shall be: (b) The membe s o he Boa d o Di ec o s shall be: (c) The membe s o he Boa d o Di ec o s shall be: (d) The membe s o he Boa d o Di ec o s shall be:
and man. 2. he ollowing pa ag aph is inse ed: abou a e y good man. The changes
40,26
o hese wo ds ha e al eady been gi en in a sepa a e able (see box 2). In he i s
(44,16)
ou edi ions, angels, angels, and a ely […] angels a e used. Meanwhile, JEV uses
only aniol, much less […] aniel (e.g. JEV 63.4). As men ioned, he e is no di e ence in
This
190,5
meaning be ween hese bo owings. Howe e , in he i h edi ion, he angel, which
Regula i-
is i mly es ablished in he cu en Li huanian language, was comple ely supplan ed
on shall
by he Sla onic angel in he 1705 edi ion.
en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
66 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
Daugiausiai pi muose penkiuose JE leidimuose ki o žodžių angelas, aniolas i
anielas a ojimas. Šie žodžiai u i ą pačią eikšmę 1. ‘judaizme, k ikščionybė-
The ALEW s a es ha he angel and i s a ian s anielas, aniolas in Li huanian a e
de i a i es o unce ain o igin (ALEW I 40). In he Sla ic language, he e a e
essen ially h ee co esponding wo ds: ussian angel (ГСБМ I 114); O he , o a a
con en , by weigh , in he d y ma e : I 's old. The angel, he angel, he angel, he
angel, he angel 1. he angel; 2. […]a sain whose name is gi en by bap ism when
en e ing a monas e y[…] (CPJA11[…]17 I 37; CDA I,1: 22); he ollowing pa ag aph is
inse ed: Angel, angel, angel, angel, angel, janiel, jenioł, amnioł, angel, jamioł 1. The
name o he angel is he name o he god o he sea, he god o he sea, he god o
he sea, he god o he sea. in e media y be ween God and man; 2. "a e y good
man"; 3. he image o an angel; 4. The e il spi i , he de il. 5. "a ille y sho ,
sho gun" (Spol I 170; SJP XVII; SS I 38). This is he name o he ype o a ille y.
Howe e , i should be no ed ha in he 16 h-cen u y Polish ocabula y, only
anjoł, anjeł, and in la e dic iona ies and angioł a e men ioned. Howe e , he
la e would no ha e been adop ed in o Li huanian as angelas (plg. angiolas
(Ska džius 1998: 87)). This indica es ha a leas he bo owed angel mus ha e
a eled om he Eas Sla ic languages. I should be no ed ha in he Bal ic (a[…]нгел), Uk ainian (ангел) and Russian (ангел) languages his wo d is de i ed om he Old Russian language, and in he la e i comes om he Old Sla ic language, whe e he wo d […]γγελος (plg. usėnų аггелъ) was bo owed om he Old G eek language (ESBM I 112).
Meanwhile, he case o he consonan s anielas, aniolas in Sla ic languages is
somewha di e en . The o iginal sou ce o he Polish language, anjól, anjól, and so
on, is also Old G eek, bu he wo d o iginally passed h ough La in, la e […] he Old
Czech language (angel), om which i was bo owed in o Polish. The wo d any in he
cu en Bulga ian language has only become es ablished a e he eme gence o
he li e a y Bulga ian language, so i is qui e la e. I is a bo owing om he Polish
language, widesp ead in ansla ions (ESBM I 114). In he Old Russian language, such a
noun is no app op ia e, so i can be assumed ha he Russian alphabe , alphabe is
a polonism, which en e ed his language as ea ly as he end o he 14 h cen u y,
a e he o ma ion o he Russian language and he p oli e a ion o polonisms in
i a e 1385. The second wa e o he Polonism began in 1569. Howe e , he e is no
wo d in he Russian language ha could be a sou ce o an analogy. I can be
concluded ha he angel in Li huanian is a loan om eas e n Sla s, he angel […]
om Polish,

S aipsniai / A icles 67
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
angel […] unclea o igin, al hough i is mo e likely ha i is also a polonism. P.
Ska džius (Ska džius 1998: 87) also a gued ha he las wo wo ds a e
polonisms. Išnag inėjus cases whe e one wo d o o eign o igin is eplaced by
ano he wo d o o eign o igin, i u ned ou ha only in a ew places hei
o igin di e s: he loan om he eas e n Sla ic pe son JEV was eplaced by a
loan o unce ain o igin asaba; In addi ion, he name o he ci y is de i ed om
kilmės skolinį anielas. Tai eikš ų, kad lenkų kalbos įsigalėjimas XVII a., kol
galiausiai ji apo o icialia, i didikų sulenkėjimas ne u ėjo į akos sla izmų a -
ojimui JE i aki aizdūs polonizmai neišs ūmė senesnių skolinių. Be o, JEV
he La in wo d o "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y,"
"ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y,"
"ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y,"
"ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y,"
"ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y," "ci y." Besides, he p io s
and p ie auniks a e gene ally known only om he K. Si ydo dic iona y (SDI 32
and SDI 16 espec i ely). The hyb id peace, -uoja, -a o, which is used by JEV, is
signi ican ly mo e commonly used in he old Li huanian sc ip s (DK 142, DP 122,
SG1 57, SDI 106, SPI 179, SE KN 20, ChNT 16) and in la e sc ip s han he school
peace, -ija, -ijo Mž 517, SDI 10, KN SE 10. In addi ion o he abo e, he e a e wo
main condi ions ha a e usually e e ed o in he language: he hos , he
hos ess and he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess,
he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess,
ie ą, senuosiuose lie u ių kalbos aš uose nė a paliudy i – jie pasi odo ėles-
niuose, po 1705 m., aš uose bei daba už ašy i a mėse.
he hos ess, he hos ess, he hos ess. The i s eason is ha he change o
mos kilmės žodis – ai po eikis u ė i naują žodį (dažniausiai a si adus naujam
wo ds is no ele an , so he compe i ion o Sla ic languages may ha e been
in luenced by he in luence o he people who con ibu ed o he publica ion o
he Gospels as ea ly as 1674, mos likely hei bilingualism.
INDIANS AND he Ligh o he Wo ld
ŽODŽIŲ SANTYKIS JE
JE y a 25 a ejai, kai sla izmai ėlesniuose e angelijų leidimuose bu o pa-
keis i indigeniais žodžiais (be pasika ojimų a ski ų po ų y a 14: dabo i bu o
pakeis as į eizdė i, adyna – į alanda, iškos – į i šus, dese ina – į dešim inė, mis-
as – į moky ojas, ody is – į susikalbinė i, ie nas – į eisus, ubežiai – į k aš ai,
slūžy i – į a nau i, magis as – į moky ojas, g iešnykė (-ai) – į nusidėjusioji (-ieji),
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
68 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI zy a as […] in o li e, melnyčia […] in o gi nos,
pekla […] in o hell), and 14, whe e indigenous wo ds ha e been eplaced by sepa a e
pai s o wo ds o o eign o igin: mėg i […] o si down, dug […] ou , iend […] o
su e , me as […] o adyna, elge au i […] o beg, a inykas […] o a o ščius, eidas
[…] o ab ozas, ias […] o ska bas, olygas […] o padabnus, hos el […] o gas, law […] o
zakanas. The numbe o lexical g amma ical uni s is also included: JEI di e s om
he o he s in ha i con ains lexical g amma ical uni s used, o example, adyna
( alanda) JEI 22,20, elge au i (žeb a o i) JEI 101,10 and so on, and al eady in 1674 he
pe mission was chosen o use ei he a Li huanian wo d o a wo d o o eign o igin.
Ea lie , he g oup o o he s discussed showed ha no ma e wha language he
wo ds o o eign o igin came om, i had no in luence on hei consolida ion. A
leas a ha ime, o one eason o ano he , hey wi hd ew om he ocabula y.
JE. Vėlesnių JE leidimų engėjai a gu a ikslingai siekė keis i skolinius i hi-
b idus indigeniais žodžiais, odėl g eičiausiai okie s e imos kilmės žodžiai pa-
I is known ha some o hese bo owings we e used in olde Li huanian sc ip s
la e han JEI (dabo i, -oja, -ojo KN SE 37, ChNT 93, PP 27; slūžy i, -ija, -ijo KN SE 132,
ChNT 136, PP 31; g iešnykas KN KN 169, ChNT; show, -ija, -ijo KN SE 112, KN SE 383, KN SE
209, ChNT
Howe e , in he ea ly 18 h cen u y, hei use was less equen , and hey we e
eplaced by indigenous wo ds. The es a e mos ly known only om he ea ly
esnių nei JEI aš ų (adyna DP 544; iškos BB1 Moz 6, SDIII 61, dese ina DP
51s cen u y (A.D. 73; M.M. 263, B.B. 2 Moz. 38, D.K. 9, D.P. 46, S.D. 81, S.D. 175); how
ie nas Mž 30, DK 156, PK 18, MP 80; žy a as DK 58, PK 7, DP 18, AK 12;
melnyčia DP 85, SDI 82, SDIII 177; pekla DK 92, PK 7, DP 352, SDI 121), odėl
na ū alu, kad jau 1705 m. JE leidime, o ka ais i anks esniuose, jų nebeliko.
di e en i is om indigenous wo ds, which we e eplaced in la e edi ions by
wo ds o o eign o igin: all Li huanian wo ds ha e en e ed he p esen -day
a oseną, i.e. hey ha e no been comple ely supplan ed by wo ds o o eign
klausimas, kaip šie indigenūs lie u ių kalbos žodžiai y a paliudy i ki uose se-
nuosiuose lie u ių kalbos aš uose. Tai gali a spindė i jų a ojimo endencijas.
Dauguma indigenių lie u ių kalbos žodžių į s e imos kilmės žodžius bu-
o igin. The las wo ds a e a es ed in Li huanian sc ip s ea lie han 1705: PK
Mž 162, BP 107, BP I138, 515, SDI 127, SD SD 158, SPI 89, KN P 170, ChNT 7; gailėjimas PK
144, DP 15, DP 27, SDI SD 373, SPI 1, DP 17, ChNT 20. The emaining wo ds shall be
eco ded in subheadings 540 o he CN; 174 o he CN; Mž 32 o he CN; SDIII 44 o
122, MP 57, SDI 130, SPI 122; me as Mž 474, BPI 166, BB2 Moz 9, DK 119,
he CN; SPI 213 o he CN; 230 o he CN.
iniuose, pasi odžiusiuose iki 1674 m.: iškuop as BB1 Moz 46, Vln E1, DP 297,
SDI 199, SDIII 436, SPII 189, KN P 268, ChNT 22; elge au i DP 272, SDIII
A icles o he 69 h
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o
i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. All o hese wo ds
we e o widely used o igins, we e no less popula , and we e he e o e
eplaced. The as es
i aš uose iki 1705 m. i ėlesniuose (pa yzdžiui, S. Daukan o, K. Donelaičio
da bai), a ojami i iki šiol. Tai eiškia, kad indigenūs žodžiai, palygin i su s e-
pe leidžian JE eks ą ėlgi eikė ik engėjų kalbiniai polinkiai.
APIBENDRINIMAS
In he i s i e edi ions o he JE, i was poin ed ou ha he e a e se e al mo e
cases whe e a wo d o o eign o igin used in he 1647 edi ion is la e eplaced by
indigenous (a o al o 25 cases, excluding epe i ions […] 14 pai s: adyna ( alanda) >
alanda; o a kind used in he manu ac u e o semiconduc o de ices o co e ; he
en h; coun yside (coun yside) > coun yside; mas e ( eache ) > eache ; eache ;
he o ende s (g iešnykai) > he o ende s; he o ende (g iešnykė) > he o ende ;
hell (hell) > hell; o speak up ( o speak up) > o speak up; o se e; he hou (adyna) > he
hou ; o a kind used in he manu ac u e o goods o Chap e 87 The Commission shall be
empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his
Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. uppe
(high) > uppe ; In addi ion, he wo d "indigenous" was changed only i e imes in he
JEV, in all o he cases he wo d "indigenous" was acqui ed al eady in he 1674 edi ion.
In la e edi ions, when he wo ds indigenous we e eplaced by loanwo ds, 14 cases
we e ound ( iends, a e ns, a e ns; he ollowing able is inse ed: O he , o
olygus > padabnus, padabnas; eidas (ab ozas) > ab ozas; iešpa is (gaspado ius) >
ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel eg e > pain; peeled o > peeled o ;
easu e ( easu e) > easu e; > he me a a sal; o be ha es ed; he landlo d; he
s a u e (law) > he s a u e). These changes also occu ed mos ly in he JEII. How many
o he wo ds o o eign o igin ha e been eplaced by o he wo ds o o eign o igin
(ou o a o al o 26 cases): no coun ing angelas, aniolas, anielas chao iškos ecip ocal
changes (15 cases) in he i s i e JE edi ions, 11 o he emaining 7 pai s occu ed
only in JEV (abyda > k i ida; mie y i > mie uo i; pad a ė > gaspada; pad a nykas >
gaspad; pe sona > asaba; b as > a o š; suga ius > ga a a). This is he i s ime ha J. Jakowicz's Gospel Dic iona y has been e ised since i was published in 1674. In 1705 he si ua ion changed d ama ically.
s e imos kilmės leksika – ai gali bū i susiję su uo, kad uo me u šios e angeli-
jos bu o pe ašy os idu iniu aš ų kalbos a ian u, o jame galėjo bū i įsigalėję
ki okie skoliniai i hib idai am pačiam eiškiniui nusaky i. Kad pačių skoli-
nių (i hib idų šaknies) kilmė isiškai ne u ėjo į akos okiems pokyčiams, odo
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
70 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI he ac ha in he i s i e JE edi ions
he o igin o he loanwo ds (and hyb id oo s) di e s only in a ew o he places.
Thus, he adop ion o he Polish language in he 17 h cen u y had no in luence on
he use o Sla ic languages, and he ob ious newe Polishisms did no exclude
olde bo owings.
The o igin o he Skolin (and hyb id oo s) also had no in luence on he cases when
indigenous Li huanian wo ds we e eplaced by wo ds o o eign o igin and ice
e sa. In 1674 and subsequen edi ions o he JE, he eplacemen o he loanwo ds
and hyb ids wi h indigenous wo ds mos likely o one eason o ano he wi hd ew
om he Va osens (only dabo i, -oja, -ojo; o se e, o se e, o se e; O he , no
u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils o show, -ija, -ijo; The uble is a es ed in
some o he la e old Li huanian sc ip s (KN, PP, ChNT), and has gi en way o
indigenous wo ds, bu his has no hing o do wi h he o igin o he loanwo ds and hyb ids.
Indigenous Li huanian wo ds, which we e eplaced in 1674 (in some cases in 1705)
wi h wo ds o o eign o igin, a e abundan ly ound in o he ancien w i ings and
wo ks o he 18 h and 19 h cen u ies. This would mean ha hese wo ds would
no ha e been unclea o he eade and he e was no objec i e eason o
eplace hem wi h loanwo ds o hyb ids o Sla ic oo s. La e edi ions we e
p obably in luenced by he language o hei au ho s o he iew ha some
bo owings we e mo e sui able o a eligious ex . The e is no logical linguis ic
basis in he changes, indica ing pai s such as dabo i, kad eizdė i, mėg i
pasidabo i, me as adyna and adyna alanda. The e b dabo i JEV is changed o
eizdė i, bu in he same pe mission i appea s as pasidabo i, aking he place o
he e b mėg i. The wo d "daik a" was changed o " alanda" in 1674, and in 1705
he wo d "me as" appea ed again. Wi h his in mind, I had no in luence on he o he cases o wo ds discussed.
lenkiško o iginalo eks as bei skolinių i hib idų šaknies kilmė, lieka galimybė,
kad šie leksikos paki imai 1674 m. i 1705 m. leidimuose bu o nulem i idinių
lie u ių kalbos p ocesų a ba ėlesnius e angelijų leidinius edaga usių žmonių.
Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc .
The Anonymous Ca echism.
BK […] The ca echism o Robe o Bella mino.
BB (wi h ex e e ences) […] B e kūno Bible.
BP […] B e kūno pos ilė. I is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he coun y.
The ca echism o DK […] M. Daukos.
DP […] M. Daukšos was appoin ed.
The New Tes amen o he Bible by S. B. Chilinski.
S aipsniai / A icles 71
Sla iškos šaknies žodžių a ojimo ki imai
Jono Jakna ičiaus Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 i 1705 m. leidimuose
The book is called KNs ės ( he abb e ia ions used o ma k i s pa s a e: KN G (Psolmai
Do ydo); K (Ka echism) M (Maldos k ikščioniškos KN) is he name o he municipali y in which he municipali y is loca ed. CN no u he wo ked han ho - olled
(See also Summa y o he Gospels).
[…] Ju gio Kasakauski's Rožančius is celeb a ing he eas o he Blessed Vi gin Ma y.
Membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen J. Mo kūno pos .
The ca echism o M. Maž ydas.
The ca echism o P.K. M. Pe ke ičius.
PP […] Beginning o he lesson
The dic iona y o he ium lingua um o K.
Si ydo. Songs by S. M. Sla ochinsky.
SP […] K. Si ydo The poin s o he s o y.
The Epis les and Gospels o B. Vilen .
Q […] Fo me A 17 h-cen u y dic iona y o Ge manic languages, called he A.
K auzės manusc ip o he oyal a chi e.
In addi ion, he Commission shall:
ALEW I[…]II […] Al li auisches e ymologsches Wö e buch 1[…]2. This is he i s
ime ha he e m has been used in his con ex . The Commission he e o e
concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. B.O.G.A.Z.E. 1958: The Righ eous W i ings 1 Vilnius: S a e publishing house o poli ical and scien i ic li e a u e.
The i s edi ion o he Li huanian E ymological Dic iona y was published in 1962 by
F aenkel E ns . Heidelbe g: he win e . Ge din Alexei: Memo ies o Leschian's son
and he amily wi hou a name. […] The wo ks o Calbo ino 3, 385-386.
G zego z Joachim: Bo owings as a wo d- inding in cogni i e his o ical onomas ics
This is Onomasiology Online, 22-42. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h p:
www.ku-eichs ae .de/SLFEngluVglSW/On.h m.
Jakai ienė E alda 2009: Lec iona y o he English language. Vilnius: The
Uni e si y o Vilnius. JE […] Jakna ičius Jonas 16471, 16742, 16793, 16904,
17055: Ewangelie Polskie y Li ews kie. He was also a membe o he Polish
pa liamen . Access ia he In e ne : h p: www.lki.l /senieji as ai/db.php
This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic. Judžen is A ū as, Milda Lučinskienė 2008: Compa ison o cons uc ions om 1647 in he ansla ion o he Polish and Li huanian Gospels. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.

ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
72 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI
Keinys S asys 1984: Lie u ių kalbos hib idai (są oka, ūšys i no miškumas). – Lie-
u os TSR Mokslų Akademijos da bai. A se ija, 113–123.
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ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
74 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI, con aining he ollowing sec ions:
Al e na ion o Sla ic- oo wo ds in Ewangelie
Polskie y Li ewskie by Jonas Jakna ičius om
1647, 1674, 1679, 1690 and 1705
Summa y
The Polish and Li huanian Gospels (he eina e e e ed o as JG) by Jonas Jaknawicius was
eleased nume ous imes since 1647. The i s edi ion, as men ioned, is da ed 1647, edi ions o
he second 1674 (JEII), he hi d 1679 (JEIII), he ou h 1690 (JEIV) and he i h 1705
(JEV). This is e y help ul, because same ex , eleased in se e al decades, may e lec
some changes in a language. The objec o he a icle is Sla ic- oo wo ds in he i s i e
he Polish and Li huanian Gospels. The aim o he a icle is o de e mine how he use o
loanwo ds and hyb ids was changing in JE du ing decades: which loanwo ds o hyb ids in he
same posi ion we e changed o o he loanwo ds and hyb ids o indigenous Li huanian wo ds,
and ice e sa […] wha indigenous Li huanian wo ds we e eplaced wi h loanwo ds ges in
and hyb ids, and de e mine is he e a connec ion be ween o igin o loanwo ds and chan-
o iginal Polish ex s and he al e na ion o loanwo ds and hyb ids in i s i e edi ex s.
ions o Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie. To achie e he aim he ex s in Li huanian language
in men ioned edi ions o Ewangelie Polskie y Li ewskie we e compa ed wi h Polish o iginal
Al hough he numbe o wo ds o o eign o igin as uni s in all JE edi ions is almos he
same, he e a e di e ences in usage equencies. Fu he mo e, in some cases he indige-
nous wo d in la e edi ions is eplaced by loanwo d, some imes on he con a y a single
loanwo d is eplaced by indigenous wo d o e en by ano he loanwo d. All cases o al e -
na ion o wo ds in JE can be classi ied: 1. Wo d o o eign o igin in la e edi ions o JE is
eplaced by indigenous wo d; 2. Indigenous wo d in la e edi ions is eplaced by wo d o
o eign o igin; 3. Loanwo d is eplaced by o he loanwo d. The analysis o eco ds in J.E.
leads o he conclusion ha he e is no connec ion be ween he o igin o he loanwo d and
i s use in la e (1674, 1679, 1690, 1705) edi ions o J.E. Fu he -
mo e, al e na ion o some wo ds in i s i e edi ions o JE wasn’ de e mined by changes
in o iginal Polish ex s.
Deli e ed on 11 Ap il 2017
ANŽELIKA SMETONIENĖ
Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as
The Commission shall be empowe ed o
adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.