S aipsniai / A icles 9
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
Ins i u e o Li huanian Language
Resea ch a eas: Old Bal ic li e a u e and w i ing,
lyginamoji olklo is ika, leksikog a ija, bal is ikos is o ija.
"PIRKIT MANE IR SKAITYKIT" is he name o he game.
This is he i s ime I' e seen i .
The AKROSTICHAI1
Buy me and ead me. Fi s P in ed Ac os ics in
he G and Duchy o Li huania
Ana olijaus Nepokupno a minimui
ANOTACIJA
The i s p in ed LDK books - he Small T a els Bookle in 1522 and he Ca eche ical Du ies
mas – į usėnų bei lie u ių skai y oją p asiskynė kelią ak os ichais. Vienodo o ma o i a -
Bookle in 1547 - appea ed one a e he o he in he same his o ical cul u al space, bu he
ac os ics o F ancis Sko inas and Ma in Maž ydas had no been he subjec o a new
compa a i e s udy un il now. This a icle aims o ill his gap. In he i s place, he Russian
ac os ics o 1519-1522 a e discussed, o which M. Maž ydas could po en ially ha e o ien ed
himsel . Based on he analogy o he ac os ic p ope ies, he sou ce o M. Maž ydo's c ea ed
wo ks is discussed.
ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: M. Maž ydas, P. Sko ina, ak os ichas, Ka ekizmas, pa a eks as,
he in oca ion o he book o he eade , he qua ain, he pe soni ica ion o he book,
eklamos kalba.
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal.
The i s p in ed books in he G and Duchy o Li huania – The Small T a el Book in
1522 and Ca echism in 1547 – pa ed hei way o he Ru henian and Li huanian eade
1 Pe e Caliba as kindly dona ed o he au ho a acsimile o Ma in Maž ydo (Ca echism sa...,
ex. no. 72). The lea le p epa ed by Kamilė Kaliba ai is wi h he ca e and a en ion was e y
help ul in w i ing his a icle. I since ely hank he amily o Li huanian book publishe s o his.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
10 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII hough ac os ics. The books o uni o m o ma and simila
pu poses o igina ed one a e ano he in he same his o ical cul u al domain; Howe e , he
ac os ics by F ancisk Sko ina and Ma ynas Maž ydas ha e no un il now been he objec o a
ho ough compa a i e s udy. The a icle a emp s o ill his gap. The Ru henian ac os ics o
he pe iod 1519-1522, om which Maž ydas could po en ially ha e d awn his inspi a ion, a e i s
discussed. Wi h e e ence o analogy, he cha ac e is ics o ac os ics a e analysed; he
sou ce o M. Maž ydas pieces o w i ing is discussed. books in oca ion o he eade , qua ain,
pe soni ica ion o he book, language o ad e ising.
KEYWORDS: M. Maž ydas, F. Sko ina, ac os ic, Ca echism, pa a ex , he
The i s p in ed LDK books […] 1522 Mažoji kelionių knygelė and 1547 M. ca echism[…] o he Russian
and Li huanian eade s sp ead he pa h o ac os ics. In he sub le combina o ial poe ic medium,
he paleo ype desc ibes he ci cums ances o i s eme gence, i.e. i s ela ionship wi h he
au ho , he au ho , he publishe . The ac os ics o Sko ina and Ma in Maž ydo, which appea ed
one a e he o he in he same o ma and close o he pu pose o he gen e, ha e no ye been
čioje is o inėje kul ū inėje e d ėje, odėl enka apgailes au i, kad P anciškaus
he subjec o a ho ough compa a i e s udy. This a icle aims o ill his gap. A i s , hey
could po en ially o ien hemsel es. Based on he analogy, we will highligh some and o he
ap a sime 1519–1522 m. usėniškus ak os ichus, į ku iuos 1547 m. ka ekizmas
ep esen a i es o he Renaissance who knew he sub le ies o combina o ial poe y and
ak os ichų sa ybes, ap a sime M. Maž ydo suku ų kū inėlių šal inius.
1. P. Sko ina 1504–1512 m. ga ęs įp as ą uni e si e inį išsila inimą, kaip
poe y. He alks abou ac os ics based on he Heb ew alphabe : […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […]
You should know ha he e a e six Jewish alphabe s in his book. Fu he explains he ed
je 1517–1520 m. An ai 1519 m. Raudų knygos
sanda : in he i s , second and ou h ed […]po ieną abėcėlę[…] ([…] […]), in he hi d g audulingo
song […] he e a e h ee 2 The i s Li huanian book is now i mly linked o he pe sonali y o he
publishe Ma y Maž ydas, al hough he puppe ac s as an anonymous. The concep o Maž ydo
ca echism is binding because i implies doing and au ho ing o speeches. Fo his a icle, we will
use he name o an old p in ed monumen , he Ca echism o 1547. The Ca echism, named a e he
i s p in ed sou ce, is composed o wo pa s: he Ca echism ( .20 ) and he Gospel ( .20 ).
min į, kad M. Maž ydas bu o isos knygos au o ius, ačiau mes esame ik i ik dėl leidinio su-
A icles o he 11 h
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
( ) ( en pa ). Tu ima omenyje ai, kad knygos ečią ei-
Ins ead o 22 lines (acco ding o he o de o he Heb ew alphabe om aleph o a'was), he
igubai iek (66 eil.), nes kiek iena abėcėlės aide p asideda ys eilu ės iš eilės.
publishe , main aining he ac os ic p inciple in he p e ace, consis en ly indica es he names o all
he le e s ([…] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […]
[…] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […] […]
… i . .). Skaičius šeši, ku į suda o ienas igubas i ys pap as ieji ak os i-
chai, P. Sko inos nuomone, a skleidžia Š č. T ejybės paslap į:
[…] […] The mys e y o he T ini y ha gi es li e […] ( om he Byzan ine aka his was
gos kolo ono, . 12 ).
Vėliau abėcėlės pama ą P. Sko ina pakei ė ki okiu ak os icho p incipu. Bi-
composed o a sho in oduc ion and 24 s anzas o G eek le e s o ming an
ac os ic. P. Sko ina published a simila Sla ic wo k in he Li le Book o T a els
published in Vilnius. Pe e and Paul. The hymn is ound in he ea ly w i ing adi ion
(Tu ilo 1989: 92). A e he i e in oduc o y pa ag aphs, he e a e s anzas whose
i s le e s o m he Cy illic alphabe om […] o w. So he i s ac os ic co e s 24
lines o he Sla ic alphabe :
1 PAV. Ak os ichą suda ančios aidės aka is e š . Pe ui i Po ilui (1522)
In he same book, wo o iginal ypes o ac os ics we e cons uc ed in a simila way. They a e
P. Sko inos aka is ai, ik ie oje adicinės abėcėlės juose andame ki okios
su names, and by using hem indi ec ly e eal -
džiama publikuojamų kū inių (knygų) au o ys ė: ----–-w----–--
[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]--
[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]--
[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]--
[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…]-
[…][…] The i s wo ds ------ and ------ co espond o he i e in oduc o y s ages o he o he
Aka s o he Li le Book o T a els. Compound wo ds […]-w-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]
and
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
12 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
[…]-w-[…]-[…]-w-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…][…][…][…][…][…][…][…]
24 he posi ions.
The an hems c ea ed by P. Sko inas show how a ac i e and impo an he
ac os ic dimension was o him. A sub le way o exp essing, when he i s
le e s o he song's lines o m sen ences ha con ey "slap" (including
ik ą in o maciją, LDK spausdin oje knygoje bu o panaudo as pi mą ka ą.
e ically) o he second. I is impo an o keep an eye on Sko iniškus
ak os ichus when looking a he u he de elopmen o he LDK p ess. The
same a is ic de ice was used a second ime in he ca echism o 1547. M . Jan
Sa a ewiczius ound he pe sonal ac os ic o "anonymous" in he Li huanian
book o p o e bs […] M-A-R-T-J-N-V-S-M-A-S-V-J-D-J-V-S (Sa a ewicz 1939). A simila
si ua ion was wi h he book The Li le T a ele , whe e he ac os ics in he
acacias we e deciphe ed only in 1979 by Ana oly Tu ilo (Tu ilo 1979: 75[…]76; 1981:
243[…]244). In his espec , he D o us Li huanian Paleo ype is e y simila o he
i s book published in he e i o y o he LDK. The opposi e is ue o books
p in ed in dis an P ague: hei co e pages, speeches, and colophons insis en ly
in o m he LDK eade o he highly educa ed man who published he Bible. M.
Maž ydo and P. Sko ina's compa ison encou ages e lec ion on he genesis o
paski į bei sanda ą, . y. s uk ū os panašumus i ski umus.
he pe sonal ac os ics men ioned, hei As a publishe who con inues he LDK
p in ing adi ion, M. Maž ydas had o ake in o accoun he Li le Book o T a els. I is impo an o no e ha be ween 1522 and
In he 1540s, he e was a ema kable esemblance be ween he con en and he
unc ional pu pose o he publica ions. The en i e Russian publica ion, judging by he
su i ing examples, consis ed o Psalms, he Ho ologion (Chassoslo ), eigh Aka is s
and eigh canons, he Hexame on (Shes odne ), he Canon o A gail (Kanon
Pokayalny), he Chu ch Mee ing Seka (Police o he Chu ch Mee ing) and he 1523-1515
m. Paschal abou he Russian paleo ype: Nemi o sky: 430467; Temchin 2007: 7343). The
publishe named he collec ion o hese books, ollowing he example o he La in
libe ia icus book o jou neys, he Li le Book o Jou neys (plg. he inal wo d in he
local o m: ). The combina ion o he ma ke and he common name p omp s he 1522
publica ion o be compa ed wi h he sho ened e sion o he Ca holic B e ia y,
which was sp ead in Wes e n Eu ope on he basis o he B e ia y Cu ia hanks o
he F anciscan ia s. The educa o o he F anciscans ( esp. Be na dines) F ancis
Sko ina in u n p epa ed and published he e sion o he Se mon, in ended o he
eas e n Sla s. The book o Psalms, he Li le Book o T a els, o en unc ioned as
he Aka is ynas (Aka is nik, Kanonik), i.e. as a signi ican ly sho e collec ion o
li u gical poe y. The Ca echism o he Ca holic Chu ch o 1547 con ains he hymn
"P ades ine Gie hes" (Chwen as). The p e ace o he li u gical poe y o he hymn
A icles o he 13 h
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
is accompanied by he co esponding no es. Bo h books a e in ended o e e yday
eading and singing, adap ed o p ac ical ma e s ( he oc a e-sized o ma
co esponds o i ), and hei add esses a e di ided o u ili a ian easons, i.e. a
wide ci cle o buye s. The books a e aimed a bo h lay and secula eade s, i.e. hey
a e in ended o pas o al, ca eche ical and popula educa ion, as well as o p i a e
ins uc ion, pe sonal sal a ion and eligious imp o emen .
When eading he books, i is wo h no ing ha M. Maž ydas p obably lea ned he
o icial language o he LDK o ice, because o he wise i would ha e been di icul
o him o wo k as a ansla o o he dis ic go e no in Ragaine (Zinke ičius
1988: 4445). The e is a good chance ha he edi o o he 1547 Ca echism knew abou
he combina o ial skills o he i s LDK publishe . Wi hou a doub , he could and
should ha e ollowed no only he example o he Russian publishe , bu also he
c yp og aphic a emp s o o he con empo a ies o encode his name. 2.2 Looking
a P. Sko in and many o he "anonymous" people, i is no necessa y o assume
ha hey hid hei au ho ship o ea o nega i e eac ions. W i ing a ious
ac os ics became a ashion equi emen and e en a kind o ou ine du ing he
Renaissance. In he popula poe ic medium, w i e s e ealed hei c ea i e
po en ial, in en i eness o hough and wo d, o belonging o capable and
compe en people. The ules o w i ing we e well known o he eade o he ime,
who, unlike he mode n man, was pe ec ly p epa ed o memo ize he en i e ex
"sec e ly". So he ac os ic as an exp ession o he good as e o he ime needs
o be unde s ood h ough he p ism o p agma ism.
In wo ks, i is common as an essen ial pa o he pa a ex , he au ho ial o allog aphic
pa a ex . Fo his eason, a pe son who w i es an ac os ic wi hou addi ional a gumen s
canno be immedia ely conside ed a w i e , and a u ili a ian ex w i en on he ac os ic
p inciple is a li e a y wo k. The e m poe , some imes used by P. Sko inai, is oo p esc ip i e in
his espec . The publishe himsel would p obably be su p ised o lea n ha such a label is
now a ached o his name. M. Maž ydas would ha e eac ed simila ly. The ac os ic was hen
wo h w i ing, and publishe s, book publishe s, edi o s, when he ime came, wi hou any
ambi ion o he s a us o ue poe s (which he e we e hen) willingly composed hem. The
ounde s o he Russian and Li huanian p ess did no hide hei ac os ics. In he 1547 edi ion o
he Combina o ial Poe ic Exp ession, we iden i y only he Ca echism, speci ically i s opening
and closing e ses (F amewo k Composi ion), Psalm 3, and he basis o he Ho ologion, he
Eas e n Sla onic language. In he 1547 ca echism, his unc ion is pe o med by Pygus and he
sho school […]kai i i y a[…]chi y.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
14 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
i.e. in he Li huanian dialec and in he Li huanian e u eily Skai i aiap (see below). In
he las pa o he publica ion, i.e. he appendix o he hymn poe y, he place o
DESTYSE gieʃʃmes ʃchwen as, okių požymių ap ik a nebu o. Taigi ak os ichų
he PRA insc ip ion co esponds o he in oduc o y pa and he inal wo d. I is
p ecisely in hese pa s o he ex ha such wo ks we e mos o en ealized, o
eade s we e expec ed, sough a e and usually ound. The 1522 edi ion lacks an
in oduc ion and a closing wo d. A he end o he book, he publishe published only
he ull con en s o […] […] […] […], whe e ac os ics o a ious kinds we e common in
a dijo isas sudedamąsias dalis. Žinoma, kad mechaniško šal inių są ašo ne-
bu o įmanoma sude in i su ak os ichu, be o da y i nebu o i p asmės. Knygos
La in a he beginning and end o he line. Russian eade s would ha dly no ice any
je adicijoje. Ta p ki ilinių aš o i spaudos paminklų ai uome da nebu o
"sec e " ex s he e. The publishe chose a much mo e sui able place o his
au ho ship, beyond he bounda ies o he usual pa a ex , which needs o be
explained in ou ime.
1
2
3
4
5
2 PAV. 1522 m. P. Sko inos Aka is as Saldžiausiajam Jėzaus a dui (1522), 2 -3 a lan-
he ollowing pa ag aph is added: Looking a he le e s ha make up he
S aipsniai / A icles 15
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
ac os ic lexicon om he pe spec i e o Wes e n Eu opean books, one may ge
he i s imp ession ha he au ho 's c ea ion o ac os ic li u gical songs is
la gely unno iced, bu his is no he case. The posi ion o he ealiza ion o
Sunku įsi aizduo i ki ą y ų sla ų li e a ū os o mą, ku i P. Sko inos ikslams
ac os ics is signi ican om a gen e poin o iew. would be so use ul because he
ac os ics in he cons an ly changing an hems we e p edic ed and expec ed. The
adi ional poe ic ool in he Aka suki, i s use is o en gi en special no e in he
manusc ip s o e en in he i les o he wo ks, o example: […] […] […] […]
[…]ak os ichas acco ding o he alphabe […] (Tu ilo 1989: 92). Thus, he O hodox
eade s o ha e a usually expec ed a e ically a anged alphabe ic composi ion
in he aka his e, bu ins ead hey ead he name ak os ich, which e ealed he
pe son who compiled, published, and c ea ed he aka his s o he book. I is
inicialinį aidžių junginį, ku is ko eliuoja su abėcėlės sek enciją - . Tam, kad
in e es ing o no e ha he i s ac os ic wo d […]-[…]-[…]-[…] has ac os ics o
make i easie o ecognize, he i s i e syllables ha make up he i s lexeme
we e pu in o one lea a las (see Figu e 2). Mo eo e , he publishe acili a es he
u he ac os ic ecep ion wi h eye-ca ching ypog aphical means: pe sonal
names a e no w i en in simple capi al le e s (as elsewhe e), bu in g ace ul ini ials.
4
1 2 3 4 56 7 8
4
910 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
3 PAV. Va dinį ak os ichą suda ančios aidės Aka is e Saldžiausiajam Jėzaus a dui
(1522)
4 Šioje ie oje eks o inkėjui, ma y , p i ūko K aidės inicialo.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
16 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Popula poe ic means o p esen a ion and auxilia y p io i ies encou age cau ion
monės, žymiai paleng inančios ak os ichų a pažinimą i ugdančios skai y ojo
when alking abou he alleged concealmen o au ho ship and he pu sui o
anonymi y.
P. Sko inos and M. Maž ydo ha e a di e en ac os ic in he o mal aspec . This is
because he Russian publishe was opposed o s ic aka his ules. The
elabo a e composi ion o he an hem equi ed a complex, i.e. e y long, ac os ic
composi ion. In an e o o ill in all he necessa y 24 ac os ic posi ions, he
publishe w o e his i le […]-w-[…]-[…]-[…], longing o he possessi e o m o a
------- ( ie oje umpesnės ly ies a ba ) i a i inkama lo-
pe sonal name o noble o igin, he c owned c ipple […]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]-[…]. Using he
e bs […]-[…]-[…]-[…] and […]-[…]-[…]-[…], he s e ched his ac os ic o 29 le e s o he
Aka suki. M. Maž ydas did no ha e such gen e limi a ions, he e o e his
sugges ed wo k is simple .
T adiciškai manoma, kad 1547 m. ka ekizme y a ak os ichas, ku is p asideda
nuo p a a mės ečiosios eilu ės i susideda iš 17 aidžių, ačiau lyginimas su
P. Sko ina sugges s ha i may be somewha di e en . The e a e a ewe
pap as ai p asideda eks o p adžios pozicijoje. Ak os ichų, ku ie užbaigia kū i-
books w i en e ically o in he middle o books; hey o en ex end
(seman ically) he ac os ic a he beginning o he book. In ou case, he case o
M . Pacias Le uuinikump j Semaicump begins wi h wo lines ha o m a
combina ion o he le e s BJ:
BRalei ʃeʃe is imkie mani i ʃkai ikie /
J a ai ʃkai idami pe manikie .
The pe iod o he ex indica ed is closed, and he seman ically (cohe en ly)
an aš e glaudžiai susijęs d ieilis gali bū i e inamas kaip akul a y us i p i-
dė inis, nes eks ą be didesnio nuos olio įmanoma skai y i p adedan ečiąja
his one wi h he line:
Makla […]chi o ewai iu[…]u is a membe o he
T akdawa ibe. Bu I can' ge i ou o you. …
A na u al ques ion a ises: why did M. Maž ydas complica e his pe cep ion o he
e ically eco ded wo k wi h his seemingly unnecessa y agmen ? Why was
he so impo an ? This is p obably because he BJ is used in a meaning ul way, i.e.
i o ms an ac os ic, which has no ye been ully ead, he beginning.
A icles o he 17 h
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
4 PAV. The i s page o M. Maž ydo's Li huanian discou se, . 4 . VUB: L 5650 (F ench cu ency)
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
24 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
Reklama, susijusi su leidyba bei knygų pla inimu, pe smelkia isas ap a ia-
he schedule o ou ela ionship. This is done by means o unused a . The pope sec e ly be ays
his g ea es ca e and ea o he one-eyed gossip. Fi een yea s be o e Wi enbe ge, M.
Lu he 's book Wa ning an seine lieben Deu schen9 was published, which he Re o ma ion now
in ends o ep in . The Pope hinks i 's be e o lose 30 ons o gold han o ge his book
again, so oge he wi h he ca dinals, bishops, abbo s, p ela es, monks and all he o he
subjec s, he bu ns and bu ns hem. The Pope eels so y o Velnius, who, in u n, ad ises
agains sa ing money, so ha e en he las emaining expa ia e in Ge man e i o y […] in o
he dep hs o hell will be much less c owded. The book's e alua ion, as old by he De il and he
zemplio ius bū ų as as i laiku sunaikin as. P iešingu a eju – knygai iš naujo
Pope he e ( . 5 -5 ), ac s as an ad e isemen ha o ces a ue Ch is ian o pu chase such a
"dange ous" publica ion. In 1546 he New Zey ung Vom Teu el and i s la e Ge man edi ions
we e published in Kobu g, mo i a ing he pu chase o a newly published o newly published book
[…] Wa nunge […] D. Ma ini Lu he /an […]eine […] lieben Deudchen Leh o e lichen nd […] Land
da inne eine des Euanchen[…] […] gelij gep ed wi d ige mi […] K ieg[…] be […]iehen nd […]
e […] o […] en […] wol en. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you mean.
Ja en ge= || ʃch ieben au dieʃen all/ ʃo die Feinde || Ch iʃ liche Wa hei dieʃe Ki -
[…]Wi ebe g[…] […]Ged uck du ch Hans […] Lu […]Wi ebe g[…] […]Ged uck du ch Hans[…]
[…]Wi ebe g[…] […]Ged uck du ch Hans[…] […]Ged uck du ch Hans[…] […]Ged uck du ch Hans[…]
[…]Ged uck du ch Hans[…] […]Ged uck du ch Hans[…] […] […]Ged uck du ch Hans[…] […]
[…]Ged uck du ch Hans[…] […] […] […]Ged by Hans […] […] […] […] Ged by Hans […] Wha is he meaning
o wha is his and wha is his || 1546 10. In he same yea , he ad e isemen was ep in ed in
Nu embe g (VD16 L 7345[…]7347), S asbou g (VD16 L 734) and Tübingen (VD16 L 7349). 1547 […] once
again a Wi enbe g (VD16 L 7352). In he 1547 edi ion o he Pope's S a emen on he Czech
Republic (Paquillus: Nowiny o Ce u a Papey, see below), he Pope's s a emen p omo es he
co esponding Czech e sion, published la e han he ela ionship o he same 1547 edi ion. W.
W. W. Tembe ce, who died in 1547. The ollowing is an exce p om he book Wa nunge || D. Ma ini
Lu=|| he / An eine || lieben Deud=|| chen (Ged uck u Wi embe g || Du ch Hans Lu || M.D.XXXI).
This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in
ǯi i mie|| li. || Teeǯ y Předmluwa a nebo napomenu ij wysoce če=|| ného muǯe Fi-
he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I is
a ailable on he In e ne a : h p: digi al.onb.ac.a On/bViewe :// iewe .
Faces?doc=ABO_%2BZ200418609 This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o New Yo k.
S aipsniai / A icles 25
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
I 's no new. (Wy y ěno a dokonano [in Mladé Bolesla u Václa Ous ského] in
he yea 1547) 11.
P ie popiežiaus us acijos i Velnio susi ūpinimo g įž ama da ka ą ki o-
in he pa o he ela ion ( . 10 […]10 ). The i le o he ad e ised book is he e
dis inguished o he second ime ypog aphically […] p in ed in la ge le e s. The
de il will since ely pi y his iend and all Ca holics in gene al, because he pope will
no , in his opinion, ind he book e y expensi e, and a man who e uses a be e
meal and d inks will be able o buy i wi h he money he has sa ed. Wi h ha
i popiežius, ku is pa iešina p elimina ų kaino aš į. Lyg bū ų koks leidėjas a
spaus u ininkas, jis pa eiškia, kad knyga bus pigi, a gu a kainuos daugiau ne-
eg e , he ag ees o h ee c acke s. I will be mo e expensi e wi h a p ank, bu
i šys. Popiežiui pa ik ų, jei bū ų pa da inėjama ben už is–ke u ias k onas,
e en i i doesn' cos ou c acke s, i would be inaccessible o cu ious and
igh - hinking people. Thus, he ela ionship in o ms in de ail abou he upcoming
publica ion o Lu he 's book and encou ages i s pu chase. As a publishe , C.
Schnauss does no o ge his li e a y wo k, which he p ope ly supplies wi h
ad e ising powe on he on page. Since he publica ion is no anonymous, he
eade is add essed by he book i sel (he e we will call his passage o he ex an in i a ion o he eade ). She asks
sa e pi k i i skai y i:
You eally don' ha e o wo y abou you
Dein gel ʃol dich gewißlich nich euen
money, o i I don' ell he u h, you can sue
So magʃ u mich o dem Bapʃ e klagen
„Iš ikimasis k ikščionie, pi k i skai yk mane pasi ikėdamas.
me o he Pope.
Vokiškąjį 1546 m. o iginalą, nag inėjan inicialinį d ieilį M. Maž ydo p a-
In he case o he Czech adap a ion o he Rela ion, he in i a ion o he eade in he la e
edi ion o 1547 unc ions somewha di e en ly. On he i le page (page 1 , see below), C.
Schnauss indica ed he i le o he book (a), i s b ie con en (b) and, inally, he book's
in oca ion o he eade (c), which he dis inguished isually as an auxilia y ad e ising
elemen . Re e ences o he Knihopis da abase a e p o ided he e and in he nex 11. The book
5126. Examples a e a ailable a : h ps: books.google.cz
books? id=NKP:1002400497&p in sec= on co e # =onepage&q& = alse.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
On page 26 o Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII ( . 1 ) he e is an eiliuo ą
p akalba (d, e), in which Pasquino explains he ci cums ances o he c ea ion o
he wo k and b oadly mo alizes. The Czech publishe , Václa Ous ský, a anged
he lis ed uni s (a, c, b, d ...) somewha di e en ly, u ned he in oca ion o he
eade s (i.e. o he plu al o ms o he speake ) and in e es ingly modi ied he
p onuncia ion ( ). The plg. :
1546 . 1 1547 . 1 b Wie
a
neulich de bap nd ein
Ch i Kau nd ließ mich
Paʃquillus.
The new ey ung om
geell Dwau obie wie nych
De obe ʃ Sa hanus auß de hell
Von jh e gʃelʃcha nd dieʃem K yg
Sp ach gehal en/ nd wem ie den Syg ||
günnen wol en gchol en This is he
Da inn die Reichʃ end auch ha
i s ime in he his o y o he Eu opean Union ha a woman has been awa ded he Nobel P ize o Li e a u e.
D . Domb o skis, I'm elling you, Milij
elling you, you' e in he middle o a igh .
igh . You can ell me wha 's going on. I
o wa .
in T euen This is he i s ime I' e seen his kind o hing in my li e.
Dein gel ʃol dich gewißlich nich euen
1546
a
Paʃʃquillus:
Teu el. News om Ce u a Papey:
a s aupenych c F ome
To || wa yʃʃych / a gegich o nyniey
|| ʃʃych p ʒibieʒych ʃpo || lecʒnem
Romlauwanij All beyd he lich ge n
K e e, you' e in he middle o a igh . I'm
I'm elling you, you' e in he middle o a
don' wan o go o wa . I don' wan o go
I'm no going o lie o you.
S aipsniai / A icles 27
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
10 PAV. O he C. Schnauze 's Rela ion o Cobu g (1546) is he i le page o he book.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
28 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
. 1 . 1 d Paquill, ad lec . This is he
i s ime ha he Li huanian
e
language has been used in he Eu opean Union. The Ch is ian. [e c. and so on.]
F um en Ch iʃ en eich nd a men
Ho nd laʃ euchs auch e ba men
I don' wan o gi e i o you. I don' wan o
Go es wo e ilgen wöllen
Ich ʃ und ye ʒ neulich an eim o
gi e i o you. I don' wan o gi e i o you. I
don' wan o gi e i o you. I don' wan o
gi e i o you.
Den F eyen deu ʃchen hochgenan
Nach welchem beiʃʃen dieʃe hünd
Des bapʃ s ʃo g wa mach/mi gewal
D ůmb laʃ ns nů hun was wi ʃolln
A M E N
A icles o he 29 h
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
11 PAV. O he Schnauze 's Rela ion (1547), in he Czech language, he i le page.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
30 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
. 2 . 2
Bap[…] .
This is he i s ime I' e seen his. Oh, my gosh. Oh, my gosh.
[ eliacijos eks as] b
O a hickness o less han 0,15 mm
He didn' gi e i o he Pope, bu he ga e i o he
me chan s. The de ils o hell ha e been ga he ed
oge he , and he de ils ha e been ga he ed oge he ,
and he de ils ha e been ga he ed oge he , and he
Oba gʃau e gednomyʃlne wuole byli y mijnienij.
Aby poboǯnij ʃ awowe řiʃʃe nahlawu byli po aǯenij
de ils ha e been ga he ed oge he , and he de ils ha e
p o i geho Cyʃa ʒʃke welebnoʃ i a duoʃ ogenʃ wij.
been ga he ed oge he . The eyes in he Popes eyes in
he a ge s eyes in he a ge s eyes in he a ge s eyes
in he a ge s eyes in he a ge s eyes in he a ge s
eyes in he a ge s eyes in he a ge s eyes in he
a ge s eyes eyes in he a ge s eyes eyes in he
A icles by A icles 31
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
a ge s eye And Sa an said o him, "Wha is his ha you ha e done o us?" And he said o him, "Wha is his ha you ha e done o us?" And he said o him, "Wha is his ha you ha e done o us?"
[ eliacijos eks as] d
e
Paʃʃquillus k Kʒeʃ ianʃkemu
Cʒ ena ʒi
Whoe e lo es he u h and he ule o Boij Nech iey
should be pleased. I'm going o kill you. I'm going o kill
you. I'm going o kill you. KRe ianee wie nij chudij
A na Boha ani geho Slowo nicʒ nedbagij.
Boha ij y Paani. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. I
don' hink I' e e e seen a Li huanian in my li e. Jak
Pawel Pape is no my Towa y wom. Slo a Boi ahladi i
yluge s oličny komo we Nedawno em byl p i omen
wgednom eyne mi ie I s oumiel em e wy adie
wybo nie cie ie. This is he i s ime ha he ci y
has been chosen as he enue o he elec ion. Sa an's
powe is ull o he b im. You know, hey' e all
Ӡwlaʃʃ ie pak ocʒ geʃ Pawel Papeʒ pecʒowal.
magicians, and hey don' know how o use magic. A
cogem ya koli oho obd ial wau pamie ij. This is he
i s ime I' e seen his. The magicians a e alking and
ea ing, and I'm going o ea and d ink and ea and ea .
They' e going o ake me o he i e and hey' e
going o ake me o he g ound. And he wa e is
pou ing down on he young people. F om he mou h o
A ʒwlaʃʃ ie pak omu Ewangeliʃ ʃkemu Pun u.
he de il's swo d o he mou h o he boa
Hanebnie ʃʃe ednie y k wawie wadij.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
32 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
12 PAV C. Schnausso's ela ionship 1547 m. check he line, alk o he eilio en ance, .
A icles o he T ea y
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
2 . 3 . 3 . [ ela ionship ex ] eVchowei nas wk y u nam ciniena Milo ij A ak y
wecky Papeowy ch alene ad I Towa y wa budau ge he e D Dwenyle naeho budaucyho
weho dob eho Ne opu i Bu 46 a Páný lidu weho enedo ny n ime o go o he
ge me we will be he ones o s a he Vcin ch il ccc oh e o he coe we will be he
ones o ell he G o gi e us he nex chap e o he s o y o he C. In he
composi ion o he Pa a eks , he in oca ion o he eade ini ially played (in Ge man
o iginal) a suppo ing ole, due o which he Kobu g publishe p in ed i in a smalle
Ӡie naʃʃych ʒiwo uow nepolepʃʃugem ani ʒawlas
ac ion. In he Czech edi ion, he ad e isemen i le was […]paaukš in as[…], i.e. i s
igh s we e equa ed wi h he i le: on he i le page his eiliuo as agįžangą, i.e.
agmen , which could be ansla ed as:
A dij i ʃe bude wʒdy beʒp ʒeʃ anij
Nawiecʒne wieky beʒ ʃkona[n]ij Amen
o as eklaminis ke u eilis pasižymėjo pa auklumu bei gy ybingumu (apie ai
men as p a ęsė kū inio an aš ę. Negana o, ke u eilis pada ė į akos p akalbai!
Pagal p abylančios knygos pa yzdį čekų e ėjas a ba leidėjas jai p i ašė eiliuo ą
„Kas myli eisybę i Die o a ką
Neno ėk pasilik i plikuolių a loša12.
Show how wicked and decei ul you hea s
a e, dis ega ding God and his wo ds.
Read, wea e and w i e pe manyk
And ge ou o Babylon 13 quickly.
I 's no ha d o see ha he empi e. Read, wa ch, unde s and, pe mea e, enla ge, expand,
expand he ea ly book's appeal: oices. he ollowing able is added: Kau ‘pi k, ead ‘skai yk
and č. pl. You buy, you buy, and you ead. In o he wo ds, in he 1547 Czech publica ion,
compa ed wi h he Ge man o igin, 12 Tu imi omenyje (gen. sg. Plechac[…]uow) Ca holic sain s:
lu, pas ebime įdomią endenciją: aizdingas eklaminis eks elis nuo i ulinio
onsu ed p ies s and monks 13 F om he splin s o he Ca holic chu ch (allusion o Ma hew
(nom. sg. č. plecháč ‘ u in is plikę; ka alikų d asininkas’). Nom. sg. č. podnož ‘kojų a ama’.
1,11-18).
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
40 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.
I you wan o lea n h ee amous
and sa e money and money and
money and money and money and
money and money and money and
Fo his eason, ead i o you sel and
w i en o you in b ie is wha is
wo ds and wi hou unde s anding
nikýmž člo ěk není.
languages and sa e money and money
money and money and money and
money and money and money and
money and money and money. knowledge and a book.
wi h g a i ude you will see ha wha is
w i en o you in b ie , no wi hou
because wi hou speaking and wi hou unde s anding
žmogus y a niekas.“
The clea and consis en ea u es o he s yle a e undoub edly also cha ac e is ic
o he expe ienced Kobu g w i e and publishe C. Schnauss, who modi ies he ype
o in oca ion discussed he e, depending on he speci ic needs: a) 1550: Von dem
newge=|| bo nen Abgo […]u Babel. He was bo n in he ci y o Babel. Ein ab=||
[…]ch ie / Welche du ch die Kau leu on Ro=|| dieß u ein wa hei gen Venedig
nd in Welchland || auch nachmals auß Rom den le en decemb is im || 49. nd auß
dig den 9. Janua ij || dieʃes Fun ʒigʃ en Ja es e c.|| An die Kau leu gen Augʃbu g
Venege=|| […]ch iebenn. This is he i s ime I' e seen his kind o hing in my li e.
I 's he i s ime I' e seen i in my li e. 1550 (C.S.A.) (VD16 ZV 30501) Kau mich O umme Ch i in ewen/ This is he i s ime I' e seen his.
I don' wan o hea i again.
I 's no like you' e going o be able o do i .
Von des Sa hans o he sake o chas i y.
b) 1550: Newe […]ei ungen. […] Von dem new ge=[…] bo nen Abgo […]u Babel. This is he
i s ime ha he name o he ci y has been used. Ein Ab=|| […]ch i / Welche du ch
die Kau leu on Rodi[…]s|| u[…] ein wa hei gen Venedig nd in Wel[…]chland|| auch
nachmals aus Rom den le […] en decemb is || im. This is he i s ime I' e been o Rome
since I was a child. 49 h A enue in Venice on he 9 h. Janua y || diees Fun ig en Ja s
e c.|| An die Kau leu gen Augpu g || gech ieben. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. (C.S.A.) (VD16 ZV 13960) Kau mich O ome Ch i in ewen/
I don' wan o hea any mo e o you nonsense.
Dan di iʃ iel hie an gelegen/
Von des Sa hans o he sake o chas i y.
In he books o C. Schnauss we ind ypologically di e en in oca ions, which a e adap ed o o he
publica ions in hei con en . : Ein ande Gey lich Lied/ || Das de mench all ein ho nung nnd ||
awen eynig nd alleyn u Go e en || oll [e ]c. This is he i s ime I' e hea d o his song. I'm going
o ell you, M . Jhe Ch is . (1550, VD16 S 3184) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h
day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Lo d's Wo d
emains in he Ewigkey . ♪ I'll ake he o in he woods ♪ ♪ I'll ake he o in he woods ♪ ♪ I'll
ake he o in he woods ♪ This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing
ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Mi Go es hiel : Gelb/
Schwa […]/ g u[…]n n […] wei[…] […] Behel in Sach[…]en nd He[…]en den P ei[…]. This is he i s ime I' e seen his in my li e. I'll gi e you a piece o my mind. I'll gi e you a piece o my mind. (1555, VD16 S 3167) The ollowing able is inse ed: Wiel Gold nd Silbe hab ich nich . Was mi Go gib ? Was mi Go gib ? Was mi Go gib ? Was ich e p lich ? Was mi Go gib ? Was ich e p lich ? Was mi Go gib ? The Bible says: "Le you ligh shine be o e men, ha hey may see you good wo ks and glo i y you Fa he who is in he hea ens".
S aipsniai / A icles 41
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
13 PAV. This is he 1550 C. Schnauss's publica ion o he i le page o he Abgo […]u
Babel
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
42 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he
wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean
Union. c) 1555: E was neus: || Ein eh andech ige P edig welche || de heylig
Weyhbicho u Bambe g || in eygne pe son bey S. Me in Auch mi eu en nd
h enen ge han ha am Palmen Son ag im 15 ja e on dem || eligen Ein ei en ne s |n
dabey des H. Mans be auß || wnde ba liche T eume ʒwene/ auß || welchen mann
künʃ lich Kochen nd Lachen le nen mag [e ]c. || End lich abe / Ein wnde liche
nd Heylands || Jheu Ch i i u Jhe u gealem gechehene [55]c] || en chochen on dem Hiel […] […] […] […] We lo e h ough he palm o ou Weihbi[…] h ough he Leu enampe [55] […]
c. (mei N. de heiʃ C. Schnauß; Laus Deo Omnipo en i/ Anno 1555 Adij 3 May)
(VD16 S 3166) (Figu e 14) This is he case in he Uni ed Kingdom.
"I'm going o ell you he u h", said
Teu el, "I'm going o ell you he u h".
Kau nd Ließ mich (O) omme Ch i /
Le n was ih Weih nd P edig i
Thus, he ki an in oking he ou lines om […]e Ch i[…] Kau nd ließ mich in once
T euen C. Schnausso leidiniuose, sp endžian pagal p ieinamus šal inius, pi mą
was used in 1546 in a ela ion abou Velnia and he popes […] Pasquillus. The au ho ship
New Zey ung Vom Teu el ([Cobu g], 1546). Knygos pe soni ikacija a si anda
o he ex is assumed o be anonymous, as in he Ca echism o 1547. Fu he mo e,
nu ody a azė bu o ne ka ą modi ikuo a i ki okiu (naujam leidiniui p i aiky-
u) pa idalu paka o inai panaudo a. Knygos, ku paliudy as ienodas a ba pa-
ou mo i e F om Ch is o Ch is o Ch is o Ch is o Ch is o Ch is o Ch is o
Ch is o Ch is is no all summed up he e. The possibili y canno be uled ou ha C.
Schnauss did no each he model ha shaped his poem in his ime. I is also possible
naudojo i sa o anks esniuose lediniuose, ku ie mums da nežinomi a ba mū-
ha his s uc u e was used be o e C. Schnauss.
The in i a ion o ead wi hou subs an ial changes was announced un il he
beginning o he se en een h cen u y. The Velesni edi ions (e.g. 1580, VD16 ZV 11492;
1600, VD17 14:686686C; 1605, VD17 3:019348C) e eal he unusual popula i y o he
ela ionship be ween he wo. In 1546, he poli ical sa i e was widely ead and
dis ibu ed by P o es an s because i was a eac ion o he e en s o he
Schmalkaldic Wa . Then he whole o Wes e n Eu ope was wa ching hem. A e
mios, nei sup an amos, ačiau skai y ojas pa auklia humanis inio dialogo o -
i y yea s, he ac uali ies o ha day we e no mo e, and he inse was s ill
sa is ying i s li e a y needs. The new edi ions a e accompanied by a g a u e
depic ing he non-exis en cha ac e s o he ela ionship: he popes and he de il
( ig. 15). The Li huanian Paleo ype o he Ca echism ends in 1547 In he ea ly 20 h
cen u y, a new wo k, "PRADESTYSE giemes chwen as", began o be published, bo h
in e ms o gen e and au ho ship. The ca echism concludes wi h a p ose agmen Upaminagimas, whe e M. Maž ydas again add esses his "b o he s and sis e s", asking hem humbly
A icles o he T ea y
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
14 PAV. This is he 1555 C. Schnausso's publica ion E was neus: Ein eh andech ige
P edig... he i le page o he book was published by Schnausso.
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
44 A he bo om o page LXXVII o he Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica (page 20 ) is
p iim i „ umpą mokslą“ i jį mokė i. Upaminagimą ainikuoja umpa pas aba
Gals, ku i nub ėžia akosky ą a p sudedamųjų 1547 m. leidinio dalių. To pa ies
published he pa auklus ke u eilis Skai i aiap, which co esponds o he
in oca ions ke u eilius o C. Schnausso and o he publishe s:
Upaminagimas.
I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm
eʃnia iʃch kaʒanes i pa am iʃch dideʃnia
so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, wha is
going on in he wo ld, wha is going on in he
wo ld, wha is going on in he wo ld, wha is going on in he wo ld, wha is going on in he wo ld, wha is going on in he wo ld, wha is going on in he wo ld? A ichguldima pla= ca echimua makikie ee. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. I 's my job o make you laugh. I 's my job o make you laugh. The oice.
I 's coun ing.
B alau milaʃis, ʃkai idams a ai ʃʒinaʃy/
Jag aʃʃai lieʃʒuwis daba eiʃchkieʃy.
Then you'll be able o ge on he
Pa aiʃik, bewyʃakia ʃʒwidegima.
plane. C. Schnausso's ela ion
o he Newe a he beginning o he 17 h cen u y
[…]ei ung/ […] F om Teu el o
Bab[…] / […] wie […]ie un e einande Ge[…]p ech […] I'm no su e wha you mean by ha .
hal en / || ku ʒweilig nnd ʃeh
luʃ ig ʒu leʃen ([1605]) (VD17
(See also he accompanying box.)
S aipsniai / A icles 45
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
16 PAV. O he M. Maž ydo's Ca echism o he End o he Wo ld ( . 20 )
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
46 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
The pa a ex ke u eilis c ea ed by M. Maž ydo is p esen ed in he ca echism's
colophon posi ion and co esponds o he usual in oca ion o he con en ad
aspek u pas ebimas įdomus yšys a p lie u iškos p akalbos i Ka ekizmo pa-
lec o em. A he end o he o mal: he uni s ha o m he main ex a e bo h
and only hey! […] is he same hing. Ano he impo an uni ying ea u e is ha
he ending o he ke u eil and he beginning o he p ologue begin wi h he
sa a anki (i.e., he poin o comple ion) o he wo le e s, which o m a single
combina ion o he le e s BJ. The ac ha his is no a coincidence is indica ed by he adjacency o he i s wo lines:
BRalei ʃeʃe is imkie mani i ʃkai ikie /
J a ai ʃkai idami pe manikie .
My dea b o he , my dea a he , my dea a he .
Jag aʃʃai lieʃʒuwis daba eiʃchkieʃy.
The speci ied agmen s a e opened by pl. and sg. The wo ds beginning wi h he
same lexeme BRalei k eip B alau a e subsequen ly abb e ia ed as pl. and sg.
Pa icipa ed in he eading o he hal -books and in he name o he a he . I
seems ha one wo-dimensional was c ea ed aking in o accoun he o he . Wi h
he p in ed sou ce o he p e- alk duali y in mind, i should be assumed ha he
inal in oca ion modi ied he p e- alk duali y, no he o he way a ound. I is
Pi ma. D i pi mos ke u eilio Skai i aiap eilu ės iš p adžių bu o pa ašy os
possible o explain he so-called adjacency in wo ways. and he speeches a he beginning o he book. Then he Li huanian dialec could be ound
maždaug aip:
♪ I'm you b o he , I'm you b o he ♪
Jag aʃʃai lieʃʒuwis daba eiʃchkieʃy.
Makʃla ʃchi o ewai [ a o] akʃʒdawa u e i.
Bu I can' ge i ou o you.
Regie y o na eia […]awa in he eye
The yphoon is expec ed o make land all in he sou he n pa o he coun y.
Jau nu ka ewai nakada ne egieia /
I don' wan you o come. And so on and so o h.
La e , M. Maž ydas sugges ed a sui able beginning o he speech, which,
acco ding o he example o C. Schnauss, added impe a i es. The agmen ha
was p e iously welded was emo ed, bu i was a pi y ha i was no used
anywhe e. The second. The beginning o he in oka ion Skai i aiap was c ea ed
acco ding o he ea lie , i.e. he p e- alk, dual model, since he au ho again ound
he combina ion o he le e s BJ o be ele an . This would mean ha a small
A icles o he T ea y A icles 47 and
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
ac os ic o ms he qua ain ha concludes he Ca echism. Raidės BJ, meaning
Baccalau eus Ju is, would ma k (as in he p e ious ac onym) he same bachelo
o igh s as M. Maž ydą. In medie al La in, he widely used abb e ia ion TP in u n
ep esen ed he combina ion o wo ds Ti ulum Posui […] he sign o he c oss
was pu on[…] (Cappelli 1928: 517). Thus, he combina ion o he le e s B-J-T-P in
he inal ex co esponds o he La in Baccalau eus Ju is Ti ulum Posui […] he
igh bachelo c ossed he ma k[…] o […]M. Maj ydas blessed him. Tokyo's
au o ius čia užbaigia sa o da bą i „a sis eikina“.
ac os ics o con en and pu pose would be pe ec o his loca ion, o ecall
ha M. Maž ydui's ac os ics, p esen ed a he end o he book, we e amilia . In
no Sa a ewicziaus laikų, deja, įsigalėjo nuomonė, jog 1559 m. ak os ichas nė a
a simila way, he in oduced himsel in he publica ion Fo ma Ch ik ima. F om
ze wie sz, zaczynający się od S–, ak samo po pozwisku Maswidas ukazuje się
jeszcze M–“ (Sa a ewicz 1946: 65). „Pe eklines“ <S> i <M> aides lenkų
Ja obulas: […]Ak os ych is no excellen : unde he name Ma inus s ands one
jeszc y ėjas ied o explain by he ac ha he opponen o he eiluo a o m,
namas, kadangi ak os iche nebūna nesis eminių elemen ų, . y. nemo y uo ų
i.e. 9 eilučių posms, M. Maž ydas did no mas e he o iginal. Such an explana ion
seems unlikely o us, which would mean a e ically igh ly bound ex . The las
ansla ed wo k […] Gie[…]me duchawna ape mu[…]u S. Ch ik[…] a […]uguldi a n[…]g D.
Ma . Lu he a ( . CIII -CV ) […] comple es h ee equal sec ions, wo o which ( he
second and hi d om he end) desc ibe he name and su name o he ansla o
and he au ho o he book, bu no only: M-A-R-T-J-N-V-S-S-M-A-S-W-J-D-A-S-M. The
combina ion o he wo is known as he MARTJNVS-MASWJDASSM, i.e. Ma inus
„[mes] Ma ynas Maž ydas žymime / eiškiame“ (plu alis auc o is / modes iae
Mas idus is signi ican in combina ion wi h he medie al La in abb e ia ion SM; on
he la e by […] Cappelli 1928: 354). This would be in line wi h he Ca echism o he
Ca holic Chu ch. Maj ydas blessed him. The nex (las in he se ies) sec ion inally
b ings M. Maž ydo's e bal […] aišką[…], i.e. wha he b ie ly […]signi ies[…] o he eade in he o m o a sho p aye :
Diewui Tewui ʃchlowe dkem
I Jheʃu Ch iʃ u ga binkem
I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you.
kem
I 's called Wienam Diewui dekawokem.
I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou .
An -G eco-Ap i ude o he
No u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils
Ng Ch iʃ aus apʃʒade a
Jem buk amʃʒina ga ba.
Amen o ha .
ILJA LEMEŠKIN
48 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVII
I is possible, he e o e, o conclude ha in he 1547 edi ion we p obably ha e wo
ac os ics, which in La in we e eco ded in he eilio o he Li huanian book. The
ac os ic o he end o he ca echism seman ically ex ended and expanded he
ac os ic o he discou se: BJM-A-R-T-J-N-V-SM-A-S-V-J-D-J-V-S […] […]Ca echism
ex […] […] BJT[…]P […]Bachelo o Laws Ma ynas Maž ydas […] Bachelo o Righ s
blessed[…]. In his way, he c ea o insc ibed his own pa in he anonymous
compila ion.
The ealiza ion o combina o ial wo ks in La in sou ces es i ies o he ac ha
jų ad esa as nė a pap as as als ie is. Eilinis Ka ekizmo „ a o ojas“ – skai an-
he eade , he lis ene , he singe , he eade o he sc ip u es and he
u is – jų nepas ebė ų i neį e in ų. Ak os ichai y a nuk eip i į p o esionalų
elemen a y eligious u hs, he eade o books, he eade o books, especially
kę many i, jog panaudo a aiškos p iemonė glaudžiai susijusi su pi ma 1547 m.
he eade o a ious doc ines. We a e linked o a speech add essed o he same
"shephe ds and se an s o he Li huanian Chu ch". In he La in dedica ion and
speech, M. Maž ydas sha ply c i icizes he G and Duchy o Li huania wi h all i s
Ca holic cle gy, who "p o ec " he people om he Holy Sc ip u es (C. Schnauss
also speaks abou his). A he dedica ion and a he La in discou se, he La in
ac os ic is slan ed sligh ly, so i canno be claimed ha he discou se was no
signed. A pe son who ead La in and knew combina o ial poe y was no limi ed o
he basis o a omic hinking ( he sou ces did no dis inguish he language) and
ne oškino jų „sa o sul yse“ kaip li uanis inį a ba „s e imą“ y imo objek ą),
he e o e could no only ead he La in ac os ic ha wen on, bu also connec i
wi h he elemen s o he La in ex s ound elsewhe e. A compe en […]w i e […]
has p ope ly comple ed he La in lec u e. The g ea ly c i icized Ca holic p ies M.
Maž ydas signed acco dingly […] abb e ia ion BJ he shows ha such a s ic au ho
is no a wo d spi i . Rega ding he p ies s o he pu e chu ch, he has he igh o
say he s ic es wo d, since he himsel knows he canons o he chu ch. eminds
Būdamas kanonų eisės bakalau u B. J. Ma inus Mas idius sa o p akalboje
us o he o de o he ea ly Ch is ian chu ch, p omises no o ead ( ha is,
po en ially o ead) " he mo e sub le and con o e sial ques ions o eligion" and
so on. Speaking o a compe en eade , M. Maž ydas did no limi himsel o a
combina o ics in he ex o his book. The au ho did no shy away om sub le
li e a y allusions. This was done aking in o accoun he mos ele an P o es an
"bes selle s" o he yea , in ou case "pa icula ly popula " (judging by he
numbe o wi es and su i ing copies in 1546) he ela ionship be ween he popes
and he De il. In 1546, he book's pe soni ica ion seemed use ul and con enien o C.
Schnauss in publishing he "anonymous" publica ion, because he ic i ious Pasquino
s ood o he eal au ho , who in his own name (as au ho and o publishe ) could
no p omo e he publica ion. This ask was success ully ans e ed o he book i sel , which suddenly became a ailable o he eade .
A icles o he T ea y
„Pi ki mane i skai yki “. Pi mieji spausdin i LDK ak os ichai
The i le page o he Ca echism o 1547 does no men ion he au ho . I is en i ely
possible ha he Ca echism became an anonymous publica ion because o he
in luence o C. Schnauss's publica ion. The e seems o be a close connec ion
be ween C. Schnauss's and M. Maž ydo's publishing o alleged anonymi y and he
book's pe soni ica ion. F om he Ch is ian Kau nd ließ mich, M. Maž ydas
c ea i ely used he in oka ion o he ad e ising na u e, speci ically he
ke u eilio o mula ion o he in oka ion, a he beginning o he Li huanian
discou se and e en u he , de eloping he mo i o he "discou se" book. Ha ing
adap ed he in oca ion o he eade in Li huanian, he c ea ed he inal eilio piece
Skai i aiap acco ding o he same Ge man o Czech example o he in oca ion
qua ain (also aking in o accoun he beginning o his Li huanian speech). When we
alk abou a possible sou ce, we use he plu al consciously. The e seems o be no
eason o belie e ha when he w o e he Ca echism, M. Maž ydas did no speak
Ge man o could no speak om C. Schnausso's Ge man ela ions. The
in e p e a ion o he adi ional iew o M. de Maiziè e's le e (no la e han
Feb ua y 1549), which seems o us oo adical, is li e al and aken ou o he
b oade con ex o he le e . In a le e add essed o he A chbishop o
Alb ech , he add essee asks o be appoin ed p ies o Labgu a o Ragaina. In he
opinion o M. Maž ydas, he i s pa ish would cos less, because he does no know
Ge man a all (non calleo aliquan ulum Ge manice; M. Ročkos ansla ion: I do no
gu oje uome jau gy eno nemažai okiečių, i jis nebū ų bu ęs pajėgus jiems
speak much Ge man). I is necessa y o unde s and ha Laba i is spi i ually i
o se e. A p ies 's sui abili y was and s ill is judged by his abili y o ead no a
book, bu a se mon. Because o he qua el, he p ies o he s ange was o en
called he objec o con emp ( emembe he philological polemic o 1706). In he
absence o he necessa y communica ion skills, Maž ydas unwi ingly asked o be
assigned o he Li huanian pa ish, al hough, ha ing no o he choice, he would also
go o Labga a (i.e. be o ced o se e as much as he could wi hou he necessa y
language p ac ice). In his bookle , he pas o al minis y is discussed, i.e., he
eading o se mons, no jus household communica ion and gene al language
comp ehension. Language acquisi ion is a b oad concep , and i is necessa y o
ake in o accoun he unc ional pu pose. By 1549 he e udi e M. Maž ydas was
p obably luen in Ge man, Polish, Czech, Russian, P ussian, e c., bu a e
eaching in P ussia he was able o speak his na i e language. A ce ain knowledge o Ge man o Czech is also con i med by he subjec s analysed in his a icle.
In he ield o li e a u e
Cappelli Ad iano 1928: Lexicon abb e ia u a um = Wö e buch la einische und
i alienische Abkü zungen (La in and I alian abb e ia ions o he dic iona y o he La in alphabe ) is a book by he I alian w i e Ad iano Cappelli. This is Leipzig: Webe .
